Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
NATIONAL ASPHALT
PAVEMENT ASSOCIATION
This publication is provided by the members of the National Asphalt Pavement Association (NAPA),
who are the nations leading Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) producer/contractor firms and those furnishing
equipment and services for the construction of quality HMA pavements.
NAPA Members are dedicated to providing the highest quality HMA paving materials and pavements,
and to increasing the knowledge of quality HMA pavement design, construction, maintenance and
rehabilitation. NAPA also strongly supports the development and dissemination of research, engineer-
ing and educational information that meets Americas needs in transportation, recreational and
environmental pavements.
This publication is designed to provide information of interest to NAPA members and is not to
be considered a publication of standards or regulations. The views of the author expressed
herein do not necessarily reflect the decision making process of NAPA with regard to advice or
opinions on the merits of certain processes, procedures or equipment.
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
Publications produced and published by the National Asphalt Pavement Association (NAPA) are
copyrighted by the Association and may not be republished or copied (including mechanical reproduc-
tions) without written consent. To obtain this consent, contact the National Asphalt Pavement
Association, NAPA Building, 5100 Forbes Blvd., Lanham, MD 20706-4407, USA, www.hotmix.org,
E-mail: napa@hotmix.org, Tel: 301-731-4748, Fax: 301-731-4621, Toll Free: 888-468-6499.
The popularity of paved bicycle paths and pedestrian trails has increased dra-
matically over the past decade. Many local agencies are looking for the best way
to provide the most economical and safest trail surface. Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA)
pavements have proven to give a smooth, flexible, long-lasting surface preferred
by the outdoor enthusiast for recreational purposes and for use as a means of trans-
portation and links to public transportation centers.
This report is intended to provide guidelines
and recommendations for design and construction
of asphalt pavements for trails and paths. Factors
considered in selecting optional trail surfaces in-
clude costs, user preferences, durability, and aes-
thetics are presented. The report concludes with a
summary of key factors contributing to quality
HMA pavement paths and trails.
KEY WORDS:
Trails, Bike Paths, Hot Mix Asphalt, Construction
A Guideline for the Design and Construction of
OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................... 5
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................... 5
PAVEMENT DESIGN
PAVEMENT WIDTH .................................................................................... 6
PAVEMENT AND THICKNESS ................................................................... 7
HOT MIX ASPHALT DESIGN .............................................................................. 9
GUIDELINES ON MIX DESIGN .................................................................. 9
GENERAL CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES ..................................................... 10
SUBGRADE ............................................................................................... 10
PLACEMENT ............................................................................................. 11
COMPACTION AND JOINT CONSTRUCTION ........................................ 11
INSPECTORS ROLE ........................................................................................ 12
INSPECTOR GUIDELINES ....................................................................... 12
MAINTENANCE ................................................................................................. 13
SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 14
BENEFITS OF ASPHALT PAVEMENT ..................................................... 14
KEYS TO QUALITY ................................................................................... 14
BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................ 15
ASPHALT TRAILS AND BIKE PATHS... THE RIGHT CHOICE
1. Principles of Construction of Hot Mix Asphalt Pavements. Manual Series No. 22 (MS-22), Asphalt Institute,
Lexington, Kentucky: 2nd edition, 1998.
2. Mix Design Methods for Asphalt Concrete and Other Hot-Mix Types. Manual Series No. 2 (MS-2),
Sixth Edition, Asphalt Institute, Lexington, Kentucky.
3. The Superpave Mix Design Manual for New Construction and Overlays. SHRP-A-407, Strategic Highway
Research Program, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.: May 1994.
4. Asphalt Pavement for Athletics and Recreation. Asphalt Institute, Kentucky and National Asphalt Pavement
Association, Maryland: August 1985.
5. Guideline for the Development of Bicycle Facilities. American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C.: 1999.
6. Technical Brief. National Bicycle and Pedestrian Clearinghouse: August 1996.
7. Bicycle Compatible Roadways and Bikeways. New Jersey Department of Transportation.
8. Roberts, F. L., Kandhal, P. S., Brown, E. R., Lee, D. Y., Kennedy, T. W., Hot Mix Asphalt Materials,
Mixture Design and Construction. NAPA Research and Education Foundation, Lanham, Maryland: 1991.
9. Duffy, H., Surface Materials for Multi-Use Pathways. National Park Service, Rocky Mountain Region: April 1992.
10. Flink, C. A., Lagerwey, P., Balmori, D., Seams, R. M., Trails for the Twenty-First Century, Planning,
Design, and Management Manual for Multi-Use Trails. Washington, D.C.
11. Trail Construction Guidelines. Colorado State Recreational Trails Program, Denver: 1981.
12. Flink, C. A., Seams, R. M., Greenways, A Guide to Planning, Design, and Development.
The Conservation Fund, Washington, D.C.
13. Parker, T. S., Trails Design and Management Handbook. Open Space and Trails Program,
Pitkin County, Colorado: January, 1994.