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3DEC 5.2
3DEC is a three-dimensional numerical modeling code for advanced geotechnical
analysis of stability, ground water flow, and ground support of discontinuous
materials (such as soils, jointed rock, or masonry blocks) undergoing loading.
FISH scripting also allows users to write their own scripts to add functionality for
custom analyses. UDEC is the two-dimensional equivalent of 3DEC.
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LICENSES
3DEC licenses (and any enabled options) have two parts:
the license term and the license type. The license
term may extend over a period of time of a monthly
lease, an annual lease, or in-perpetuity. The license type
may be either a standard or network USB security key
(i.e., hardware lock). When the USB key is not present,
the program operates in Demonstration Mode.
STANDARD LICENSE
A stand-alone, single-user program. The standard type
will allow two instances of 3DEC to cycle simultaneously
on a single computer. There is no limit to the number of
instances that may be open without cycling. This allows
an unrestricted amount of model setup or analysis.
The program is secured with a USB key that must be
connected to a computer to allow cycling. The USB
security key may be moved between computers and
users as needed. This option is ideal for an individual or
for multiple users utilizing the software within the same
office.
NETWORK LICENSE
The software will cycle a number of 3DEC instances
equal to the number of seats purchased for the license.
The USB security key and license management software
are installed on a server while the 3DEC program is
installed on end-user computers. The program may be
installed on as many computers as needed. This license
is ideal for a centralized, IT-administered organization.
DEMONSTRATION LICENSE
When no key is present, a dialog provides the option to
start the program in Demonstration Mode. This mode is
fully functional in every respect, except the program will
only cycle models limited to 40 blocks and 1000 zones.
There are no time restrictions in Demonstration Mode.
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APPLICATIONS
Use 3DEC for stability, remediation, and other
geotechnical and groundwater analyses in civil,
environmental, mining, oil & gas, and power generation
engineering fields. The following examples are
highlighted, but through scripting and custom constitutive
models, the possibilities are virtually limitless.
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3DEC model of a tunnel intersected
by three joints forming a wedge
(orange). New cable bolt tools and
enhanced visualizations of bolt
performance are available to analyze
tunnel performance.
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FEATURES
3DEC is ideally suited to analyze potential modes of
failure directly related to the presence of discontinuous
features. Work with either discrete blocks, zoned
continuum, or both. It includes 13 built-in zone material
models, three built-in joint models, groundwater
flow (matrix and joints), coupled mechanical-flow
calculations, ground support structural elements, and
a built-in scripting language (FISH) that can customize or automate virtually all
aspects of 3DEC operation, including user-defined properties and other variables.
3DEC can be extended with four options (Dynamic, Thermal, Surface Liner, and
C++ User-Defined Constitutive Models) that are offered separately from the base
program.
GENERAL
Built-in project management tools, text editor, automatic movie-frame
generation, and extensive plotting capabilities.
Ideal for modeling large movements and deformations.
Accurate simulation of fast rotating rigid blocks.
Blocks may be rigid or automatically zoned to make deformable blocks.
Optimized to solve problems requiring non-linear multi-physics.
64-bit, double-precision calculations.
Multi-threaded algorithms with no CPU locks or additional CPU fees.
Includes groundwater joint fluid-flow.
Includes groundwater matrix (i.e., permeable solids) fluid flow. NEW
Fluid flow may be either uncoupled or fully coupled hydromechanical.
Built-in scripting language, FISH, provides powerful user-control to
parameterize, analyze, review, and modify nearly every aspect of the
simulation, even during cycling.
Track histories of model properties and results throughout the model to allow
for comparison to actual monitoring and instrumentation data.
MODEL CONSTRUCTION
Block generation using primitives (face, tetrahedral, brick, drum, and prism).
Automatic tunnel region generator from tunnel profile.
Automatic mesh generation in fully deformable blocks using tetrahedral and
hexahedral zones (including mixed-discretization).
Zones can be converted into bonded block models. NEW
Easily separate objects into separate geometric regions using geometric
surfaces, volumes, or geometry offsets.
Geometry creation using polygons.
Results visualization (property/results painting) on DXF or STL geometry.
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Create regions using cubic blocks cut by user-defined outlines.
Wall-type blocks speed up model runs as motion and wall-to-wall contacts are
skipped in solution cycles.
Built-in block zone densification for hexahedral and tetrahedral (NEW) mesh
refinement, including automatic octree generation from surfaces and volumes.
Built-in ability to assign groups based on counting projection intersections for
defining complex groups and ranges for blocks, zones, gridpoints, contacts,
and subcontacts.
New bonded block model (BBM) tools
have been added to 3DEC so that bonded
tetrahedra elements can be used to
simulate a massive rock. The bonded
blocks may then break apart due to
stresses.
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Specify statistical distributions for material properties.
Groundwater fluid flow analysis is included, with:
Water table (effective stress)
Steady-state
Transient
Proppant simulation in fluid-filled joints. NEW
Create, load, and run customized zone and joint models via C++ (option).
Includes creep material models to simulate time-dependent material behavior.
FISH SCRIPTING
Provides powerful functionality to parameterize, analyze, review, and modify
nearly every aspect of the simulation, even during cycling.
Built-in text editor provides command syntax error checking and context
sensitive help for simpler, faster model generation.
Inline FISH (add FISH scripting within a command).
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Export ASCII/binary data files; exchange information with third-party software.
Assign/read extra variables for nearly all model parts (blocks, contacts, etc.).
Filter blocks, zones, gridpoints, and contacts by groups and slots (layers).
Full scripting access to geometric data.
POST PROCESSING
Extensive visual plotting capabilities, including contouring on blocks, zones,
and joint surfaces; scalar, tensor, and vector plots; 3D isosurface contouring of
gridpoint and zone data.
Equal area and equal angle stereonet plotting of DFN joint orientations,
joint normal orientations, and orientations of major, minor, and intermediate
principal stresses.
Automatically export a series of plot images at regular cycle intervals to create
a video-ready image set (third-party software required for video assembly)
Easily export history results to spreadsheet-compatible CSV files.
Export plots as PNG, DXF, VRML, SVG, and PostScript formats or as a data file.
Track and plot fragments (i.e., disconnected groups of blocks). NEW
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WHY CHOOSE 3DEC?
POWERFUL PROVEN
Both continuum and discrete model Tested against analytical solutions
simulations possible Used by Itascas own consulting
Numerical stability with large engineers and scientists
displacements, including collapse A large repository of worked
Build very large models (64-bit) examples and validations with more
13 built-in material behaviors than 1,400 published journal and
Automatic factor of safety analysis conference papers and theses
Capable of groundwater flow, Used worldwide by a wide variety
thermal, and dynamic analyses of industries, universities, and
Coupled solutions government agencies
Accommodate complex materials
and pore pressure distributions
Assess service limit state criteria FLEXIBLE
Create custom functions using FISH General by design
Load and run custom User-Defined Access to almost all internal
material Models via C++ (optional) variables using FISH scripting
CAD interoperability
Import/export data using ASCII
EFFICIENT Human-readable data files
Multi-core processing Users may write their own
Optimized solution calculations constitutive models and may modify
Customize material behaviors or add to most of the built-in
efficiently using optional C++ User- algorithms using the optional C++
Defined Models (UDM) UDM
Standard license is portable between
computers and users
RELIABLE Multiple seat network licenses
Realistic physical solutions available
Natural evolution of failure Monthly and annual leases available
Transparent methodology with
all equations and algorithms fully
documented ECONOMICAL
Built-in constitutive models are No CPU limits
open-source; no black boxes No annual maintenance fee
Strong software support led by an Academic discount
experienced team of engineers, Two instances of 3DEC can be run on
scientists, and software developers a single computer with a standard
Extensive manuals and license
documentation Standard license is portable between
Automated update notification computers and users
Monthly and annual leases available
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NEW in 3DEC 5.2
The latest 3DEC software offers about 2x faster run time performance and even
greater improvements to model set-up time. A powerful set of new features provides
major enhancements, particularly for bonded block modeling and hydraulic
fracturing.
ENHANCED PERFORMANCE
3DEC model solutions (contact calculations and fluid flow analysis)
have been sped-up through algorithmic improvements, including
more powerful cell space and contact detection logic, and multi-
threaded calculations. This enables 3DEC to utilize multi-core CPUs
to cycle up to 2x faster for typical applications.
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
The following enhancements have been added to cable structural
elements:
cable elements in 3DEC may now be used in dynamic simulations
forces can now be applied to cable nodes
FISH scripting intrinsics have been added to access cable node,
element, and property data
a grout friction coefficient has been added so grout strength can
be a function of confining stress
new FACEPLATE keyword connects the first node of the cable to
the grid
improved plotting of cable performance and querying of cable
state and properties
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FLUID FLOW in JOINTS and ROCK
In addition to simulating fluid flow through joints, 3DEC can now
simulate fluid flow between joints into the surrounding material
(i.e., leak-off) representing a saturated, permeable solid, such as
soil or fractured rock mass (i.e., matrix).
PROPPANT SIMULATION
The transport and placement of proppant within fractures is
modeled by representing the proppant and fracturing fluid as a
mixture (assuming the proppant particles are small compared to
the fracture opening, and the proppant in the mixture is given by its
volumetric concentration).
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k = 10-8 m/s k = 10-6 m/s
3DECs fracture fluid flow has been enhanced with solid matrix fluid flow (between joints). Pore pressure
contours along several major joints and within the intact rock are shown for less (left) and more (right)
permeable materials.
3DEC model showing just the rock blocks along the periphery of a tunnel in a jointed rock mass. 3DEC
fractures can be added as joints and Discrete Fracture Networks. allowing for statistical variations.
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OPTIONS
Options in 3DEC are sold separately from the code
license, allowing users to augment the programs
functionality according to their analysis needs. Modules
available as options for 3DEC include: Dynamic,
Thermal, and User-Defined C++ Constitutive Models.
DYNAMIC OPTION
3DEC simulates the nonlinear response of a system (soil, rock, and
structures) to excitation from an external (e.g., seismic) source or
internal (e.g., vibration or blasting) sources. It can reproduce the
evolution of permanent movements due to yield. Capabilities include
specification of velocity or stress-wave input, quiet (i.e., viscous)
boundaries, free-field conditions (ideal for earthquake simulation),
and damping. The dynamic input can be applied as either a
prescribed velocity history or as a stress history.
THERMAL OPTION
The thermal option in 3DEC allows the simulation of transient heat
conduction. There are two separate formulations of the thermal logic.
The first is a numerical formulation using the explicit or implicit finite
difference method. This method is more accurate for short times
and includes thermal-mechanical fluid coupling. The second is an
analytical formulation that uses superposition of point heat sources
in an infinite medium. This method is suitable for long thermal times
and is very fast.
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Dynamic model showing a pulse emanating along a tunnel and traveling though the surrounding rock
across two faults as a velocity contour. Quiet boundaries around the sides and base of the model absorb
the incoming waves. The top of the model remains a free surface.
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3DEC VERSION 5.2
Demo: www.itascacg.com/demos
Examples: www.itascacg.com/software-examples
ICG16-BRO-3DEC-520-01
www.itascacg.com/3dec