SCIENCE FORM 3 CHAPTER 1

RESPIRATION

- Concept= GET OXYGEN INSIDE OUR BODY, AND INTO THE BLOOD, AS FAST AS POSSIBLE.
GET CARBON DIOXIDE OUT FROM THE BLOOD, OUT FROM OUR BODY, AS FAST AS
POSSIBLE
- Energy is produced by oxidizing glucose.

- BREATHING - Exchanging Gases With The Environment

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

- ORGAN -Nostrils - Alveolus

-Nasal Cavity - Ribs

-Trachea - Intercostal Muscles Nasal Cavity

-Bronchus - Diaphragm
Nostrils
-Bronchiole
Bronchus *
*

Bronchiole
Intercostal Muscle
 MOVEMENT OF AIR

NOSTRIL

AIR - - Fine hair traps dirt NASAL CAVITY

- - Mucous Membrane trap bacteria and

other foreign particle

- Fine Hair (cilia) moved mucus to

pharynx to be swallowed
TRACHEA

- - Tube supported by C-
shaped ring of cartilage BRONCHUS (SING.)

- - Tube that leads to lung

BRONCHIOLE
ALVEOLUS
- - Small tube inside the lung
- - Tiny air sacs that located at
the end of each bronchiole.
- - A place where the exchange
of respiratory gases occurs.
 HOW GASEOUS CHANGES ( OXYGEN TO CARBON DIOXIDES)

3. When we breathed in air, oxygen filled up 1. Inside blood capillaries have a special
the alveolus. protein, called hemoglobin.
4. Beside alveolus were blood capillaries.
2. Beside alveolus were blood capillaries.

4. The blood capillaries was fulled of carbon

dioxide, while in alveolus, it is full of
oxygen.
5. But, in basic concept of diffusion, they
need to move to the lower concentration
of its kinds.

6. So when oxygen is passed over to the capillaries, the hemoglobin grab it up and carbon
dioxide is unloaded .
7. The oxygen is carried into the bloodstream while carbon dioxide is removed from the body.

INHALATION
During Inhalation
The external intercostal
muscle contracts and the
internal intercostal muscle
relaxes
The rib cage moves
upwards and outwards
The diaphragm muscle
contracts and flattens
The volume of thoracic
cavity increases
The air pressure in the
thoracic cavity decreases
and becomes lower than
the air pressure outside the
body
Air from surrounding is
forced into the lungs
BREATHING MECHANISM
EXHALATION
Part Involved During Exhalation
The external intercostal
muscle relaxes and the
internal intercostal muscle
INTERCOSTAL MUSCLE
contracts
The rib cage moves
downwards and inwards
RIB CAGE
The diaphragm muscle
relaxes and curved upwards
DIAPHRAGM MUSCLE
The volume of thoracic
cavity decreases
THORACIC CAVITY
The air pressure in the
AIR PRESSURE IN THE thoracic cavity increases
THORATIC CAVITY and become higher than
COMPARED WITH THE the air pressure ouside the
SURROUNDING AIR body
PRESSURE
Air in the lung is pushed
out from the lungs
MOVEMENT OF AIR