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Analog Multiplier
AD633
FEATURES CONNECTION DIAGRAMS
4-Quadrant Multiplication 8-Lead Plastic DIP (N) Package
Low Cost 8-Lead Package
Complete—No External Components Required
Laser-Trimmed Accuracy and Stability X1 1 8 +VS
1
Total Error within 2% of FS
Differential High Impedance X and Y Inputs X2 2 A 7 W
High Impedance Unity-Gain Summing Input 1
Laser-Trimmed 10 V Scaling Reference Y1 3
10V
6 Z
APPLICATIONS
1
Multiplication, Division, Squaring Y2 4 5 –VS
Modulation/Demodulation, Phase Detection AD633JN/AD633AN
Voltage Controlled Amplifiers/Attenuators/Filters
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Y1 1 8 X2
1 1
The AD633 is a functionally complete, four-quadrant, analog
multiplier. It includes high impedance, differential X and Y Y2 2 1 7 X1
10V
inputs and a high impedance summing input (Z). The low
impedance output voltage is a nominal 10 V full scale provided –VS 3 A 6 +VS
by a buried Zener. The AD633 is the first product to offer these
features in modestly priced 8-lead plastic DIP and SOIC packages.
Z 4 5 W
The AD633 is laser calibrated to a guaranteed total accuracy of AD633JR/AD633AR
2% of full scale. Nonlinearity for the Y input is typically less (X1 – X2) (Y1 – Y2)
W= +Z
than 0.1% and noise referred to the output is typically less than 10V
100 µV rms in a 10 Hz to 10 kHz bandwidth. A 1 MHz band- PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS
width, 20 V/µs slew rate, and the ability to drive capacitive loads 1. The AD633 is a complete four-quadrant multiplier offered in
make the AD633 useful in a wide variety of applications where low cost 8-lead plastic packages. The result is a product that
simplicity and cost are key concerns. is cost effective and easy to apply.
The AD633’s versatility is not compromised by its simplicity. 2. No external components or expensive user calibration are
The Z-input provides access to the output buffer amplifier, required to apply the AD633.
enabling the user to sum the outputs of two or more multipliers,
increase the multiplier gain, convert the output voltage to a 3. Monolithic construction and laser calibration make the
current, and configure a variety of applications. device stable and reliable.
The AD633 is available in an 8-lead plastic DIP package (N) 4. High (10 MΩ) input resistances make signal source loading
and 8-lead SOIC (R). It is specified to operate over the 0°C to negligible.
70°C commercial temperature range (J Grade) or the –40°C to 5. Power supply voltages can range from ± 8 V to ± 18 V. The
+85°C industrial temperature range (A Grade). internal scaling voltage is generated by a stable Zener diode;
multiplier accuracy is essentially supply insensitive.
REV. E
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its
use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.
may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise Tel: 781/329-4700 www.analog.com
under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Fax: 781/326-8703 © Analog Devices, Inc., 2002
AD633–SPECIFICATIONS (T = 25ⴗC, V = ⴞ15 V, R ≥ 2 k⍀) A S L
TRANSFER FUNCTION W =
(X
1 )(
− X 2 Y1 − Y2 )+Z
10 V
Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
MULTIPLIER PERFORMANCE
Total Error –10 V ≤ X, Y ≤ +10 V ±1 ⴞ2 % Full Scale
TMIN to TMAX ±3 % Full Scale
Scale Voltage Error SF = 10.00 V Nominal ± 0.25% % Full Scale
Supply Rejection VS = ± 14 V to ± 16 V ± 0.01 % Full Scale
Nonlinearity, X X = ± 10 V, Y = +10 V ± 0.4 ⴞ1 % Full Scale
Nonlinearity, Y Y = ± 10 V, X = +10 V ± 0.1 ⴞ0.4 % Full Scale
X Feedthrough Y Nulled, X = ± 10 V ± 0.3 ⴞ1 % Full Scale
Y Feedthrough X Nulled, Y = ± 10 V ± 0.1 ⴞ0.4 % Full Scale
Output Offset Voltage ±5 ⴞ50 mV
DYNAMICS
Small Signal BW VO = 0.1 V rms 1 MHz
Slew Rate VO = 20 V p-p 20 V/µs
Settling Time to 1% ∆ VO = 20 V 2 µs
OUTPUT NOISE
Spectral Density 0.8 µV/√Hz
Wideband Noise f = 10 Hz to 5 MHz 1 mV rms
f = 10 Hz to 10 kHz 90 µV rms
OUTPUT
Output Voltage Swing ⴞ11 V
Short Circuit Current RL = 0 Ω 30 40 mA
INPUT AMPLIFIERS
Signal Voltage Range Differential ⴞ10 V
Common Mode ⴞ10 V
Offset Voltage X, Y ±5 ⴞ30 mV
CMRR X, Y VCM = ± 10 V, f = 50 Hz 60 80 dB
Bias Current X, Y, Z 0.8 2.0 µA
Differential Resistance 10 MΩ
POWER SUPPLY
Supply Voltage
Rated Performance ± 15 V
Operating Range ⴞ8 ⴞ18 V
Supply Current Quiescent 4 6 mA
Specifications shown in boldface are tested on all production units at electrical test. Results from those tests are used to calculate outgoing quality levels. All min and
max specifications are guaranteed, although only those shown in boldface are tested on all production units.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
–2– REV. E
Typical Performance Characteristics– AD633
100
0dB = 0.1V rms, RL = 2k⍀
0 90
CL = 1000pF
80
OUTPUT RESPONSE – dB
TYPICAL
CL = 0dB 70 FOR X,Y
CMRR – dB
–10 INPUTS
60
50
–20
NORMAL 40
CONNECTION
30
–30 20
10k 100k 1M 10M 100 1k 10k 100k 1M
FREQUENCY – Hz FREQUENCY – Hz
700 1.5
1
500
400
0.5
300
200 0
–60 –40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 10 100 1k 10k 100k
TEMPERATURE – ⴗC FREQUENCY – Hz
TPC 2. Input Bias Current vs. Temperature (X, Y, or TPC 5. Noise Spectral Density vs. Frequency
Z Inputs)
14 1000
PEAK POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE SIGNAL – V
Y-FEEDTHROUGH
12
100
P-P FEEDTHROUGH – mV
OUTPUT, RL 2k⍀
10
X-FEEDTHROUGH
ALL INPUTS 10
1
6
4 0
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M
PEAK POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE SUPPLY – V FREQUENCY – Hz
TPC 3. Input and Output Signal Ranges vs. Supply TPC 6. AC Feedthrough vs. Frequency
Voltages
REV. E –3–
AD633
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION APPLICATIONS
The AD633 is a low cost multiplier comprising a translinear The AD633 is well suited for such applications as modulation
core, a buried Zener reference, and a unity gain connected and demodulation, automatic gain control, power measurement,
output amplifier with an accessible summing node. Figure 1 voltage controlled amplifiers, and frequency doublers. Note that
shows the functional block diagram. The differential X and Y these applications show the pin connections for the AD633JN
inputs are converted to differential currents by voltage-to-current pinout (8-lead DIP), which differs from the AD633JR pinout
converters. The product of these currents is generated by the (8-lead SOIC).
multiplying core. A buried Zener reference provides an overall
Multiplier Connections
scale factor of 10 V. The sum of (X × Y)/10 + Z is then applied
Figure 3 shows the basic connections for multiplication. The X
to the output amplifier. The amplifier summing node Z allows
and Y inputs will normally have their negative nodes grounded,
the user to add two or more multiplier outputs, convert the
but they are fully differential, and in many applications the
output voltage to a current, and configure various analog com-
grounded inputs may be reversed (to facilitate interfacing with
putational functions.
signals of a particular polarity while achieving some desired
output polarity) or both may be driven.
X1 1 8 +VS +15V
1
0.1F
X2 2 A 7 W 1 X1 +VS 8
X
1 INPUT (X1 – X2) (Y1 – Y2)
2 X2 W 7 W= +Z
10V 10V
Y1 3 6 Z AD633JN OPTIONAL SUMMING
3 Y1 Z 6 INPUT, Z
Y
INPUT
1 AD633 4 Y2 –VS 5
Y2 4 5 –VS
0.1F
–15V
Figure 1. Functional Block Diagram (AD633JN
Figure 3. Basic Multiplier Connections
Pinout Shown)
Squaring and Frequency Doubling
Inspection of the block diagram shows the overall transfer func-
As Figure 4 shows, squaring of an input signal, E, is achieved
tion to be:
simply by connecting the X and Y inputs in parallel to produce
W =
(X1 )(
− X 2 Y1 − Y2 )+Z an output of E2/10 V. The input may have either polarity, but
the output will be positive. However, the output polarity may be
(1)
10 V reversed by interchanging the X or Y inputs. The Z input may
be used to add a further signal to the output.
ERROR SOURCES +15V
Multiplier errors consist primarily of input and output offsets,
scale factor error, and nonlinearity in the multiplying core. The 0.1F
E 1 X1 +VS 8
input and output offsets can be eliminated by using the optional
W 7 E2
trim of Figure 2. This scheme reduces the net error to scale factor 2 X2 W=
10V
AD633JN
errors (gain error) and an irreducible nonlinearity component in 3 Y1 Z 6
the multiplying core. The X and Y nonlinearities are typically 4 Y2 –VS 5
0.4% and 0.1% of full scale, respectively. Scale factor error is 0.1F
typically 0.25% of full scale. The high impedance Z input should
–15V
always be referenced to the ground point of the driven system,
particularly if this is remote. Likewise, the differential X and Y Figure 4. Connections for Squaring
inputs should be referenced to their respective grounds to realize When the input is a sine wave E sin ωt, this squarer behaves as a
the full accuracy of the AD633. frequency doubler, since
+VS
(E sin ωt )
2
E2
50k⍀
300k⍀
ⴞ50mV
TO APPROPRIATE
INPUT TERMINAL 10 V
=
20 V
(
1 − cos 2 ωt ) (2)
1k⍀ (e.g., X2, X2, Z)
cos θ sin θ =
1
2
(sin 2 θ ) (3)
–4– REV. E
AD633
+15V R
10k⍀
0.1F +15V
E 1 X1 +VS 8
+15V 0.1F
R W 7 E2 0.1F EX 1 +VS 8
2 X2 W= X1
R1 10V R
AD633JN 1k⍀
3 Y1 Z 6 10k⍀ 2 X2 W 7
C R2 E
3k⍀
AD633JN
4 Y2 –VS 5 AD711 3 Y1 Z 6
0.1F
0.1F 4 Y2 –VS 5
0.1F
–15V
–15V –15V
Figure 5. ”Bounceless” Frequency Doubler E
W' = –10V
EX
At ωo = 1/CR, the X input leads the input signal by 45° (and is
attenuated by √2), and the Y input lags the X input by 45° (and Figure 7. Connections for Division
is also attenuated by √2). Since the X and Y inputs are 90° out of Likewise, Figure 7 shows how to implement a divider using a
phase, the response of the circuit will be (satisfying Equation 3): multiplier in a feedback loop. The transfer function for the
divider is
1 E E
W = (sin ω ot + 45°) (sin ω ot − 45°)
(10V ) 2 2 W ' = −(10V )
E
(6)
2 EX
E (4)
= (sin 2 ω ot )
(40V ) +15V
ω o = 1.1 ω o. INPUT
4 Y2 –VS 5
R2
S
Generating Inverse Functions 0.1F
Inverse functions of multiplication, such as division and square –15V
rooting, can be implemented by placing a multiplier in the feed-
Figure 8. Connections for Variable Scale Factor
back loop of an op amp. Figure 6 shows how to implement a
square rooter with the transfer function Variable Scale Factor
In some instances, it may be desirable to use a scaling voltage
W = (10 E ) V (5) other than 10 V. The connections shown in Figure 8 increase
the gain of the system by the ratio (R1 + R2)/R1. This ratio is
for the condition E < 0. limited to 100 in practical applications. The summing input, S,
may be used to add an additional signal to the output or it may
+15V be grounded.
0.1F
+15V
0.1F 1 +VS 8 Current Output
X1
The AD633’s voltage output can be converted to a current
2 X2 W 7
7
1N4148 AD633JN output by the addition of a resistor R between the AD633’s W
OP27 3 Y1 Z 6 and Z pins as shown in Figure 9. This arrangement forms
0.1F
E
4 0.1F 4 Y2 –VS 5
+15V
–15V –15V
0.1F
W= ( 10E )V 1 X1 +VS 8
1N4148 X
INPUT R 1 (X1 – X2) (Y1 – Y2)
2 X2 W 7 IO =
R 10V
AD633JN
Figure 6. Connections for Square Rooting Y
3 Y1 Z 6 1k⍀ R 100k⍀
INPUT
4 Y2 –VS 5
0.1F
–15V
REV. E –5–
AD633
dB
the basis of voltage controlled integrators and oscillators as will
f2 f1
be shown later in this Applications section. The transfer func- +15V 0 f
tion of this circuit has the form
0.1F –6dB/OCTAVE
1 (X )( )
OUTPUTB
+VS 8 OUTPUTA
1 − X 2 Y1 − Y2 CONTROL
1 X1
IO = (7) INPUT EC
2 X2 W 7 OUTPUT B =
1 + T1P
R 10 V 1 + T2P
AD633JN R
1
SIGNAL Y1 OUTPUT A =
3 Z 6
INPUT ES 1 + T2P
Linear Amplitude Modulator 4 –VS 5
C
Y2
T1 = 1 = RC
The AD633 can be used as a linear amplitude modulator with 0.1F W1
no external components. Figure 10 shows the circuit. The car- T2 =
1
=
10
–15V W2 ECRC
rier and modulation inputs to the AD633 are multiplied to
produce a double-sideband signal. The carrier signal is fed
Figure 11. Voltage Controlled Low-Pass Filter
forward to the AD633’s Z input where it is summed with the
double-sideband signal to produce a double-sideband with car- dB
rier output.
f1 f2
+15V 0 f
Voltage Controlled Low-Pass and High-Pass Filters
OUTPUTB
Figure 11 shows a single multiplier used to build a voltage con- 0.1F +6dB/OCTAVE
+VS 8
trolled low-pass filter. The voltage at output A is a result of CONTROL
1 X1 OUTPUTA
INPUT EC
filtering, ES. The break frequency is modulated by EC, the con- 2 X2 W 7 OUTPUT B
trol input. The break frequency, f2, equals AD633JN C
SIGNAL 3 6 OUTPUT A
Y1 Z
INPUT ES
4 Y2 –VS 5 R
EC
f2 = 0.1F
(20 V )π RC (8)
–15V
–6– REV. E
AD633
D5
1N5236
D1 D3
1N914 1N914
(10V) cos t
D2 D4 +15V
1N914 1N914
+15V C2 R4
0.1F 16k⍀
0.01F
R1 1 X1 +VS 8
0.1F R3
1k⍀ 330k⍀
2 X2 W 7 1 X1 +VS 8
AD633JN R2
16k⍀
EC 3 Y1 Z 6 2 X2 W 7 (10V) sin t
AD633JN R5
0.1F 16k⍀ EC
4 Y2 –VS 5 3 Y1 Z 6 f= kHz
0.1F 10V
4 Y2 –VS 5 C3
0.1F
0.1F
–15V
–15V
R2 R3 R4
1k⍀ 10k⍀ 10k⍀
AGC THRESHOLD
ADJUSTMENT +15V
+15V 0.1F
0.1F C1
+VS 8 1F
1 X1 1/2
AD712 EOUT
2 X2 W 7 R5
AD633JN A1 10k⍀
E 3 Y1 Z 6
R6
4 Y2 –VS 5 1k⍀
0.1F 1 CC COMMON 8 +15V
0.1F
2 VIN +VS 7
–15V AD736
C2 3 CF OUTPUT 6
0.1F
0.02F
4 –VS CAV 5
C3 R10
0.2F 10k⍀ –15V
C4
R9 A2 33F
10k⍀ 1N4148 1/2 +15V
AD712
R8 OUTPUT
0.1F 50k⍀ LEVEL
ADJUST
–15V
REV. E –7–
AD633
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
C00786–0–10/02(E)
0.375 (9.53)
0.365 (9.27)
0.355 (9.02)
8 5 0.295 (7.49)
0.285 (7.24)
1 4 0.275 (6.98)
0.325 (8.26)
0.310 (7.87)
0.100 (2.54) 0.150 (3.81)
0.300 (7.62)
BSC
0.135 (3.43)
0.015 0.120 (3.05)
0.180
(4.57) (0.38)
MAX MIN
0.015 (0.38)
0.150 (3.81) SEATING 0.010 (0.25)
0.130 (3.30) PLANE 0.008 (0.20)
0.110 (2.79) 0.060 (1.52)
0.022 (0.56) 0.050 (1.27)
0.018 (0.46) 0.045 (1.14)
0.014 (0.36)
5.00 (0.1968)
4.80 (0.1890)
8 5
4.00 (0.1574) 6.20 (0.2440)
3.80 (0.1497) 1 4 5.80 (0.2284)
PRINTED IN U.S.A.
CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS; INCH DIMENSIONS
(IN PARENTHESES) ARE ROUNDED-OFF MILLIMETER EQUIVALENTS FOR
REFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN
Revision History
Location Page
10/02—Data Sheet changed from REV. D to REV. E.
Edits to title of 8-Lead Plastic SOIC Package (RN-8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Edits to ORDERING GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Change to Figure 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Updated OUTLINE DIMENSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
–8– REV. E
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