'.

~
'!'

F R 0 B l S H E R BAY

THE DESIGN OF ACCOMMODATION FO~

A COMMUNITY O,f 4500 PEOPLE

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION BRANCH

E. A. GARDNER, B. ARCH., D.S 0.,

A.R.T.B.A., F.R.A.I.C., A.R.C.A.,
CHIEF ARCHITECT.
W.E. FANCOTT, A.R.I.B.A., M.R.A.I.C.,
CHIEF PRELIMINARY DESIGN DIVISION.
 ~ / y: .,
, !
i f~ ",,'

~\ "; ,
[,.,. 'r' .,
,Cl:, \."
" ,
\\
I
,I
~ ~I D
11'. j~
i,.....
'
;'
; , ~. , \"
,.
~'k.
,', ~ .
,.

\1 \;\~
f..

r::;,"
.
f{
\1 !!
t".
.,
~,.
~:
~;

, ''--... I:
. .
'
'~
1,\ '.
1
1,.
\ \;
,~

\
,,~\
/'./ \
\.
,j
.4' \
'i' I

.,/.f
iA/
~,.....
:.~~f
;nl j
If
!'. ..J'X
,. f,';
-

Ilt
///
J t
:i.'
,
..~

,1
 - 1 -

(1) INTRODUCTION

The problem is to design a suitable complex of buildings or building that will house families and single people

attracted to Frobisher and, at the same time, integrate the local population. The economics and constructive methods were

not to be considered in the first approach towards a solution.

Two major conditions demand a differing solution from a similar problem in Southern Canada. First, the climate has

long periods of low temperatures when outside travel calls for special effort and, second, supplies and communications are
poor with a consequence that large storage accommodation is essential.
(2) REFLECTIONS ON NORTHERN CONSTRUCTION

For northern living, many elements effecting accommodation have been established from experience over the past
few years; some are purely structural; others are social, which in their turn, formulate constructional necessities. Con-
sideration has been given to every condition that can be envisaged; a few of the more important principals involved are:

(a) In the North, families must be able to retire away from neighbours and enjoy their own company.

(b) During winter, present construction reLders useless the area around the perimeter of all

buildings for approximately 2'0" into the rooms, owing to the extreme temperature drop to-
wards the outer walls.

(c) Construction costs are high, consequently, any bUilding system should be simple and well
tried.

(d) Families are often left for long periods whilst the head of the household visits other loca-
lities on business. This means that any mechanical equipment must be simple in operation.
(e) Protection must be afforded to womenfolt against undesireable elements. This rules out in-

elusion in any scheme of large unpatrol.led areas or passageways.

(f) Provision Of an atmosphere, not completely devoid of green plants, flowers and nature.

(g) Accommodation to be near place of work, stores, schools, etc., and near to the Airport in
the area.

(3) PRELIMINARY SCHEMES REVIEWED

Consideration towards providing suitable accommodation covered many schemes. Some of the more obvious were, exca~

vation into the side of a hill, provision of row housing linked together with corridors, and thirdly, erecting apartments
around roofed-in courts.

On inspection, it was found that hillside excavation, whilst affording economical accommodation at a steady
 - 2 -

temperature with little heat loss and protection from the elements, presented difficulties of circulation. The unknown

effect of a large excavation in permafrost areas causud misgivings and these factors required the idea to be set aside.

The provision of row housing with apartment~; linked together by corridors appeared to offer a solution but this re-

quired very extensive corridors with a consequent problem of heating and policing. Using a high figure of 100 people to the

acre - 116 acres of reasonable site was required for accommodation and townsite use. From a cursory inspection of the con-

tour map of the area, it appeared no such site existed near to the Airport.

Apartments rising 6 or 8 storeys high facing onto roofed-in courts seemed to give a solution, but again, this was

found to occupy an excessive acreage of land. Apartments looking into a courtyard, however well designed, do not give the

type of social living desired in the North. Occassionally, everyone needs the quiet and seclusion of their own home and

should not be forced into the company of their neighbe,urs by sharing balconies.

(4) PROPOSAL

A scheme was evolved and now presented which gave:

(a) the necessary concentration of population onto a

site of suitable size.

(b) family independence.

(c) direct access into the town without necessity of

using corridoI's.

(d) easy communication to school, shops and work.

(e) sufficient protection against the elements.

(f) a town in direct contrast to the bleakness of the

surrounding cc'untryside.

In essence, this proposal consists of a group of 12 storey circular apartments, sufficient to accommodate the popu-
lation; built over and immediately surrounding a small tightly planned town centre. The apartments to be built in groups of
three towers with an elevator system to each group. The elevators discharge directly into the town centre, thus, rendering
corridors unnecessary.

The commercial and social centre is housed underneath a large protective dome which will allow the population to
circulate freely, even in the depth of winter. Under this protective canopy, the buildings can be free planned and plastic
in shape as the walls are only thermal and acoustic barriers. It is suggested that the dome be heated by using the~eturn
warm air from the ventilation ducts of the apartments. The temperature to be reasonably comfortable; if the outside
 ."

~
~
l\ 1i
' . // -/-ll,
.

.-~;:: '/ ~,"::':-//

~/~)~~;~"~~/~--
~~j~
"\ -
I ~ I ~/ --- - "-,,.,'~'~ / / ~
>,
-)/ r\i ~ -~- ":::'~~;;:Y / ,0 '
.,'
""

~>-~

,er
r
~G?~
P 0
1'0 ",-
,L' ,0<-1'
b~' c .t
<>a~ t --I-
'USTO",' , "'''''GUTION
I "~Ll I

>T","O'-T, '~'''H~''''
~""H'T"'- KonL ."nu.. -!- ~--1-
"NT m. 'T TO'''''''''TE.

5 IT E PLAN

SITE PLAN ILLUSTRATING TRI-RISE APARTMENTS AROUND THE DOME BETWEEN THE HILLS AND SEA. ONE ACRE IS

nmRTRATED WITHIN DOTTED SQUARE INDICATING COMPACT ARRANGEMENT OF THIS SCHEME.

 - 3 -

atmosphere is 400below, it is anticipated that an inside temperature of 150 to 200 above would be acceptable. It is expected

that the occupants will be required to wear winter clothing but not overshoes, the communal buildings to be heated in the

usual manner up to 700 F.

As mentioned before, an effort should be made to prevent extreme temperature drop at perimeter walls; it is proposed

this should be overcome by providing an envelope aroun& the apartment blocks. Consequently, double wall construction, con-

sisting of two walls 4'6" apart, is proposed for the living accommodation, the area between to be used for balcony purposes

in the summer.

Many other details are planned within the domestic accommodation, such as, the elimination of all laundry chores

within the living area to reduce the humidity. In Nort.hern homes, washing in the living area is one of the causes of frosted

windows and to live for five months in a room without a view of the outside strains even the calmest temperament. Conse-

quently, laundries are provided on each landing within the central core of the living Unit where the humid air can be

extracted qUickly. Each apartment opens onto individual landings giving access to the bridge connecting with the elevator

tower, each landing being 4'6" above its neighbour.

I

I Whilst methods and materials were not considered within the main framework of the scheme, it is impossible to devise

a building without having some idea of the nature of the structure. At Frobisher, building costs are high and thought was

given to economy. The system proposed is to build the lapartments using sliding formwork similar to concrete silos, coupled

with lift slab, proved economical methods of construction. It is proposed that. within the dome, walkways be provided with

park areas and herbaceous gardens of tundra plants found in Northern Canada.

The scheme consists of a covered attractive small town based on English town planning practice of closed vistas,

surrounded. by tall apartment towers.

The dome may appear formidable but at the present moment, structures larger in magnitude and concept are being
erected in Detroit and Paris.

(5) ACCO~10DATION - GENERALLY

No detailed accommodation requirements were given as the basis for this project but certain figures have been

assumed from past experience gained in developments at Aklavik, Whitehorse and elsewhere. The assumptions are as follows:-

Population - 4500 people

Hospital & Clinic - 40 bed (outside but connected with

town)
':

- 4 -

Schools - Primary fro 700 pupils. High School

for 300 pupils with combined
Auditorium and Gymnasium.

Comu~nity Centre (Swimming Fool
and Curling Rink)
Hall to hold 600 people with kitchen
and smaller meeting rooms. Swimming
pool and curling rink to be located
in the basement, using the ancillary
accommodation of the Hall.

Churches - One R.C. - 600 seats

One Prot.- 600 seats
(Church rooms in each basement)

Fire Hall - 2000 sq. ft.

.Shopping & Business Centre - 371000 sq. ft. (including basement

(Banks, Dept. Stores, etc.) delivery and storage areas).
Post Office - 2000 sq. ft.

Admin. Offices (Fed. Bldg.) - 27,000 sq. ft.

Funeral Parlour - 1500 sq. ft.
Hotel & Restaurant 50 rooms, plus good ground floor
accommodation.

Library - Part of High School

Rehabilitation Centre - 7,800 sq. ft. (outside town envelope)

R.C.M.P. (Administration) - 12,000 sq. ft. 11 11 11

11 11 11
Laundry - 3,700 sq. tt.
Communications (Radio & T.V.Stns)- Part of Community Centre

Communications (Taxis) - 4,500 sq. ft. (outside town)

* Heating & Power - Atomic Powerplant (outside town, exca-
vated into hill).

* Warehouses - 450,000 sq. ft. (in basement)

* Maintenance, Workshops & - 20,000 sq. ft. (in basement)
Service Unit

* Vehicle Storage - 50 vehicles in basement. (20,000 sq. ft.)

* If the selected location has a firm rock base no difficulty can be foreseen,

but, if the site is on permafrost, suitable insulation and precautions will

have to be incorporated into the scheme.

 PL AN OF TOWNSITL LECiEND OF H,COMIhOOHION.

I to 12. LIVIN; ""o.IM,\o.D"Tlo.N IN T~I'~"E UNITS.

13. FIE H"LL.
14. COMMUNITY HUl "ND CLUb iCCMS.
15 CHILDHNS PL.o.Yc;
iOUND.
16 PRJMH..Y SCHOOL.
17 HIGH SCH<DL" sK.l.TINc; "l.E".
18 HIGH SCHOOL.
I~ HIC:;H SCHCOL Co.IL&INID
c:;y...( .o.UDrrl/..
20. fEDIUL kD/I\INISTl"TION OffICES.
lol HOTEL.
2.1 IlOHUUNT.
23 I..C.M.P. c;,U.o.IlD PO)T.(l)
2t CHUlCH E &Ell TOWII..(2.)
is fUNEUL PULoul1 .
'2E> DlPAHMENT nOH (CLDTHES)
2.7 DEPH.TMENT Ho.lf (FOOD)
28 POST o.ff/CE.
~ BANKS E 5TOIlE~
30 P"ilK.=>" ""IlDENS E TIl~ES.
31. FOUNT"IN.
32. CLOlnE itS-WITH TUND\!). ""'lOEN.
'B UD'o. STkTlo.N IN co.lI.",uHrry H"LL.
34 ENTHNCE ( (X,T TO 8"SEAHN1:
SS- CENHU To.'IIE"- TO DO"'l~TkIU ( tinT)
36 FEDEItH LlQ.Uo.2.. STOti.
37 LC.M.P. "'DMINISTt"TION.
3B 1lC.M.P. UYIN" Q.UAIlTlIl,s..
39. L"'UNDn
40. HOSPIT"L.
41. Ho.HITH SUfF LlVINCi Q!J"UEIlS.
1'- H H"8ILIT"TION Cl NT lE .
4-3 To.UUST CENTR..E.
-it HI.VICE STATION,TAXI,s.E UPI\IR...
-tS PE..IPHHY COII.II.UNICHION IlOkD.
IN HSEMENT.
5To.""GI AND IIII,l.UHOUSES, I>.AINTI!'4...NCt
WOIlKSHOP.s, VEHICLE PAiKING., SWI"""'IHe;
PCDL, CU ill IN c; 1.1N K., HE ATIN c; "'ND
/l\E<:~"NIC"'L n"'NT 1.001013.'

UNIT'.

SECTION TH~OUG H DOME.

C_UUCH

co"'",u~n.., ..cl. '"a.."..".

-ant..
5 (U,L. ~ m \li mm
'a loa 100 >00 I UT.

S<:HL. . f '---
so .. .. to ,. 0 sa ISO 100 I"'"

THE TOWN SITE PLAN ILLUSTRATING THE VARIOUS BUILDINGS WITHIN THE SCHEME. NOTE THE REASONABLE AREAS ALLOWED FOR PARK DEVELOPMENT.
 - 5-

(6) ACCOMMODATION - INDIVIDUAL ITEMS

Detailed discussion will now be undertaken concerning the planning of each accon~odation unit.

(a) Population

Accommodation has been planned for up to 4500 people, should the population figures be less in the first stage -

the scheme is such that a portion could be built around the perimeter to house only the required number of families.

In general, living accommodation is planned in apartments within circular towers, three towers being linked to-

gether by an elevator system. Each apartment is accessible from the elevator and circular staircase within the tower.

The term "tri-rise" has been applied to a group of three towers when discussing accomrr.odationin this report.

Two plans have been developed for the towers, one to contain families and the other to accomtodate single people

or married couples without children.

Twelve tri-rlse units are proposed around the perimeter of the to~~, nine of.these would be constructed for family

occupation and three, for single people or married couples.

Each tower if planned as a family unit will house 30 families, and planned for. single units will house 48 single

apartments and 48 married apartments. The accommodation table is as follows:

(i) Families

9 tri-rise = 27 towers

:.27 x 30 family a.partments = 810 apts.

(apts. at 4 people per apt.)

:.810 x 4 = 3,240 people

(ii) Single & Married Couples

3 tri-rise = 9 towers

... 9 x 96 = 864 apts.

(at 1.5 people to each apt. -

1. single; 2 married)

.',864 x 1.5 = 1,296 people

(iii) R.C.M.P. accommodation

...13 families. 13 x 4 = 52 people

(iv) Hospital accommodation

40 staff + 6 families
TOTAL = 64 ;eo;1e
= 4,652 eo J&
 - 6-

\Vhen it was found that the circular plan was ideal to overcome social problems, the question of interl~l elevators

and the attendant fire dangers were reviewed. A solution was found by planning a free standing elevator shaft, con-

necting three towers together by bridges at various levels. Thus, if a fire occurs in an elevator shaft, it does not

effect the inhabitants ,living in the towers. Alterr~tively, if a fire originates in a tower, the elevator shaft is

accessible to the occupants. By this system, the wlmber of elevators is considerably reduced with the consequence that

the maintenance is proportionately diminished.

(b) The Family Unit

The individual family apartment provides 3 bedrooms, as this has been found by experience to be the most economical

unit when planning accommodation for rotational staff. If less bedrooms are adopted" uneconomical moves have to be

undertaken to accommodate the varying family size. The kitchen is reasonably large and will accommodate a small table

for such meals as children1s breakfast. A store of 35 sq. ft. is available to each apartment. In most cases, the bed-

rooms are 41-6" above the level of the living room and are planned in such a manner that no bed is placed on an outside

wall and each bedroom has a large clothes closet.

To help in keeping steaming of the windows to a minimum and to ensure comfortable living, the laundry is located

across the staircase hall where it can be mechanically ventilated. Ironing board and dryers are installed, one laundry

provided to each pair of apartments.

In order that each family can feel "separated" o,nly one apartment opens from each landing, the tower being planned

as a corkscrew, each apartment level being 4'-6" higher than its lower neighbour.

To combat the weather and provide summer living (free from mosquitos and blackflies) each apartment on its weather

side is glazed with plastic (a subject for future research) for winter use and screens for summer. By this method,

with double windows to the living room and glazed balcony beyond, it is hoped to prevent temperature drop towards the

perimeter in the bedrooms and living room and give u comfortable even temperature to the rooms.

Garbage will be disposed into pails set in a separate janitors' closet on the circular staircase, this will be

collected periodically by staff.

At low level one floor to each tower will be set aside for children's play area, the control being organized by Tri-

Rise committees; also, the elevators to the towers over the townsite will allow access to the roof where parents can

walk with children as an alternative to the town proper.

The mechanical services are arranged to run vertically through a central core in each tower to all floors, arti-

ficial ventilation is proposed for every room.

 III V A" 0 ... TOWl..

l[lV."'" itN"..

TYPIC,I.,LFLOOR.. PU.N.
F"II.ILY APA2.TMENT TOWER...

Tl'PICAL FLOOR.. PLI>.N.

UNCi" . LUUIEO CDu'l'
ENT
1.'1.2.1'11. TOWH.
?UN INDI'I.TINCi RElATION
01 TU.2.I~f I.tU.TM[HT~ TO
fELIMLTEl WHl Of TOWN.

'[k..I'HI..Y 0..0.. P. '1.."HLa.'!' 0..0" P. Snll

S'I.L,
.1..1. J. .L!.. L I t~I I~O 'liT
rl! I~ >~ j. ,UT.

THE FAMILY AND SINGLE UNIT HERE ILLUSTRATED INDICATES THE RISING STAIRCASE AND THE PRIVACY OF EACH APARTMENT.
PERSPECTIVE ILLUSTRATING ELEVATOR TOWERIN RELATION TO TRI-RISE APARTMENTSAND MAIN STRUCTURE OF TOWN.
 - 7-

The construction is simple, being a development of the concrete silo and lift slab, a typical Canadian form of

architectural expression.

(c) The Single Apartment

This is based upon the accommodation now erected for the teaching staff in Northern communities and consists of a

bed-sitting room with separate kitchen and bathroom to each apartment.

In this scheme, washing facilities with clothes driers are located across the staircase, one laundry shared by eight

apartments.

The single apartment has a glazed balcony as for the. family units, however, to meet the requirement of extra room

for the marri.ed couples, this .has been deleted and the living room extends the .fu1l depth of the tower with a well in-

sulated perimeter wall. Again, no beds abut onto external walls.

One floor at low 1evel.in each tower will be divided up with cubicles to provide storage accownodation. It is
assumed that a cubical for each apartment of 4'-0" x 4'-0" x 7'-0" would meet the requirements.

The tower is again constructed as a corkscrew and apartments open onto landings which rise by 3'-0" stages; thus,

providing a certain amount of privacy.

(d) Hospital & Clinic

This unit has been assumed to be a 40 bed hospital with "Out Patient". facilities. It is so located that it is free

of the town, yet connected by an underground passage to the main cloisters, allowing undercover access to the Hospital

for everyone in the town. The periphery communication road permits direct approach for ambulances from the Air or Sea

Port.

A hospital staff residence planned to accommodate nurses, ward aides, families, and male staff is located next to

the town centre, allowing integration into community activities. The actual details of accommodation in the Hospital

will be required from the Northern Health Services.

It is proposed that the design for the hospital be followed through in greater detail than that now illustrated, and

ultimately, a scheme may be proposed somewhat similar to the town, a series of rooms within a constructional envelope.

This will require the cooperation and concurrence of the medical offices responsible for the operation of the hospital.

(e) Schools

Two schools are indicated, the size has been assumed; this should be verified, but' the location and general design

~ill remain. They consist of structures erected under the flat-roofed portion of the Dome. The roof over the school

forming part of the main structure will protect against the weather and the walls of the sChool, which should be
 - 8 -

constructed as thermal and acoustic barriers only. Ttle school library would be planned in such a manner that it could

be enlarged to rorm the Public Library, accessible for community use, after the school has closed ror the day.

(f) Churches

Two Churches are proposed, each to seat 600 people, these being free of constructional restrictions, can be planned
as plastic shapes or original design, possibly translucent. The ancillary rooms usually connected with a Church, such

as, school halls, vestries, etc., are planned at basement level, staircases connecting the two levels. Simple bell

towers can be used if desired.

(g) The Community Centre

The Recreation Hall forms the nucleus of a Community Centre and consists of a main auditorium to seat approximately

600 people. Ancillary accommodation of kitchens, toilets, ample stage, etc., is provided which duplicates for the

curling rink and swimming pool designed to form part of this centre. The curling rink and swimming pool would be

located in the basement in close proximity to the main auditorium. Again, the shape could be plastic to express its

purpose. Within the complex or the Community Centre would be placed accommodation for ofrices for welfare work and the
radio station.

(h) Fire Hall

At the entrance of the town, the Fire Hall is located in such a manner that mobile equipment has immediate access to

the principie routes and the periphery road around the townsite, this being the quickest way to reacr most of the apart-
ment towers. Fire fighting represents a dif~erent problem to that encountered in the southern part of the country and

is now being reviewed by the Dominion Fire Commissioner. One point is already clear, fire fighting will be carried out

in-the manner used for the tall buildings in New York, where everything above 3 storeys is fireproof.
(i) Administrative Offices.

This accommodation will normally form the "Federal Building 11of the community and should be built large enough to

provide additional accommodation for professional businesses operating at Frobisher, such as solicitors, dentists, etc.
(j) Hotel & Restaurant

Originally, the hotel was planned within the Airport buildings but it is considered that to locate the Hotel within

the town is a more advantageous solutio~. It will be of more interest to travellers during a forced stop-over in this
location as all the amenities of the town are available. Also, visitors to Frobisher will naturally desire to live in

the townsite and not at the Airport. The compactness of this scheme enables the townsite to be located at a reasonable

proximity to the airport.

 - 9 ..

Owing to its importance, this building should be attractively designed. Acco~nodation will be arranged for dining

room service and a local restaurant. A cocktail lounge should be incorporated within the building.

In order to present an attractive plan, the accommodation is built around a centre court. The restaurant which will

be used by the hotel visitors and towns folk is a special feature of the town and built over the road in the form of a

bridge with an external staircase leading into one of the park areas.

(k) Shoppin and Business Centre

This area occupies the centre of the dome and it is proposed that all shops should have an equivalent area in the

basement which could be used as storage and shipping entrance. A portion of the Department store can be two-storey or

even three-storey should-it be desired. The Post Office, Baru{s and other shops form the shopping group. This centre

will lend itself to unusual architectural treatment and such items as roof garden restaurants could form part of the

scheme.

(1) Funeral Parlour

The Funeral Parlour will be located in one of the park areas near to the Churches.
(m) Laundry

The Laundry is located on the periphery communication road within easy access of the Hospital, possibly its chief
-customer. In this manner, all vapour will be immediately exhausted into the outside atmosphere, also, the fire hazard

from dry-cleaning will be removed from inside the town envelope. It is assumed that the laundry will have a small out-

let in the shopping centre where articles can be left and collected by the customers. It is anticipated that the ser-

vice will inc~lde dry-cleaning and be operated as a concession.

(n) R.C.M.P.

R.C.M.P. accommodation is planned outside the town as it is thought this would be the wish of the Force and consists

of a number of two-storey family units connected together to conserve on snow removal, heat and servicing problems.

The Administration Building contains the Division Offices, gaol and cells in accordance with their requirements. To
facilitate the control within the to\Yn site, two guard posts are planned, one at either entrance. From these points,
I .
the patrols can be organized. It is hoped that with the elimination of corridors, the policing of this community will

be no more difficult than a small community in Southern Ontario. Should it be the desire of the Police to live in the

apartment towers as ordinary members of the community, this could easily be arranged.
 eaow.
DOOF CF SHOPPiNG CENTJ:<E IN R::>QEG~D, FROM ~IS
" eAlCGE ~ECTS NIT"' RE5TI'.UQt.NT AQOUND CENTRt>LPIEQ..

AeoVE.
C~ IS 9>ONN CENTQE NIT"' S1-OPPIN<3 CENTQe;
CN P.IGKr CDMMUNrTY \l>.LL 0.1 T"''' LEFT.

.,','
..;--

PERSPECTIVES ILLUSTRATE LIFE WITHIN DOME. PLASTICITY IS ACHIEVED IN BUILDINGS FREE OF RESTRICTIONS REQUIRED FOR PROTECTION AGAINST ~ATHER. TOP
VIEW TAKEN FROM CENTRAL POINT LOOKING TOWARDS CHURCH, LOWER FROM ROOF OF SHOPPING CENTRE WITH RESTAURANT AROUND CENTRAT. PTRR T.nnKTNr. ~nWARn~ ~n~
 - 10 -
(0) Rehabilitation Centre

The requirements for this building are unknown, ,and possibly, the present town will form the Rehabilitation Centre,

in which case this building can be omitted from the scheme and a simple "Craftsman's" Shop or outlet substituted where
native handicrafts can be bought.
(p) Radio & T.V. Station
The correct location for this service would appear to be in the CommunityCentre where many items of local interest
will be taking place, also, facilities are available for interviews and shows, etc. A radio-cable service with small
front office can easily be arranged. The office and studio accommodation .need not be large.

(q) Taxis & Communication

As the road system at Frobisher will only extend for a few miles, it is probable that only government or business
owned cars will be used, consequently, a taxi service will be required, the extent of this service is not known but

accommodation is recommended outside the town in the interests of fire protection~ A mechanical shop should be incor-
porated in this accommodation and a store where small repairs to domestic articles can be carried out for the local
population. It is assumed that a concession will be arranged for the taxis.

A possibility is foreseen that a transportation system be arranged within the town site, formed of small battery-

operated electric trolleys of two or three carriages, being similar to Post Office trucks used on Railway Stations, the
route to be along the outer cloister and central road. This would link all the living units together. (The distance
around the cloisters is 1/2 mile).
(r) Heating & Power

This is a problem that needs a special review and should be linked together with the water and sewage services.

However, it is recommenged that thought be given to excavating into the hillside at a suitable location and housing all
the equipment in a cavern. This system has been followed for many factories in Sweden and even examples are to be
found in Northern Quebec of power stations and plant located in made excavations. The system offers cheap accornmo-
dation at even temperature. It is recommended that an Atomic powerpack should be investigated for this town, and,
until advice is given it is thought that/the best location for this unit would be away from the town centre due to the
effects of radioactivity. The primary heating will probably be by high pressure water which would be fed to the town
through underground tunnels. The large dome could economically be heated by exhaust from other areas as it Is not 1n-
tended that this area should be anything but bearable In the winter as mentioned before. (Down to 100 or 150 above
with extreme down to 00.)
 - 11 -

(s) Warehouses. Maintenance WorkshoPs. etc.

Goods will arrive at Frobisher during the three month shipping season and require to be stored in warehouses. The

basement of the dome will provide ideal warehouse space; the shopping centre can be allocated warehouse space ~mmedia-

tely under the shops, where loading bays may be constructed. Vehicle parking will be laid out within easy access of

the entrance and exit in the basement. The figure of 450,000 sq. ft. for storage should be confirmed. This space will

be sub-divided by concrete walls, and sprinklArs instQllp.d, for fire protection.

(t) Dome

The concrete dome over the town has been conceived in a manner similar to the gothic vaulting but constructed in

thin shell concrete with ribs radiating from a central pier, as a large fan vault. Clerestorey lighting is achieved

at springing level, but large expanses of glass are not recommended owing to winter heat loss, also, there are long

periods of darkness during the wintp.r.

The road passing through the centre will allow motor vehicles to enter into the town, but it is expected that Traf-

fic will be kept to a minimum and special tfhought will be required to devise a ventilation system that will control the
exhaust fumes. Cars belonging to'occupants of the apartments will be ~arked in the bas~ment. Access is provided to

basement parking immediately on entering the town.

The central column will be surrounded at high level by a restaurant which will connect with the top of the shopping
centre.

The town is essentially designed for "walking"; paved walks give access to all buildings, with the added attraction

that -along these walks, tundra gardens are laid out. In the parks, flowering shrubs will be planted. It is suggested

that part of the basement areas be given over 'to the cultivation of green vegetables by hydroponics.
(7) RECOI~ENDATIONS

It is recommended that the scheme presentp.d herewith be submitted to the Committee responsible for the development
of Frobisher Bay. The various conditions have been met, but in all instances, it is necessary that the exact areas of the

various buildings be determined. When these figures are available, the plans will require to be re-developed and 1/8" scale

plans prepared of the various units in order th~t Departmental approval can be obtained. After this stage, mechanical engi-

neers should be consulted before final sketch plans are commenced. Within the scheme, may be many items, such as, the inter-
nal transportation system, which appear to be outside the terms of accommodation but these items are mentioned as an aid to
the solution of the overall problem.