Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.

Just imagine what will happens to the world of programming once

we create many powerful frameworks using the Ring language that
uses this way (Natural Programming).

For example When we say Hello to the Machine, It can reply! and when we
say count from 1 to 5 it will understand us, Also if
we said count from 5 to 1 it will
understand us too! You can see the Output window!

This Goal is not new, but the Ring language comes

with an innovative solution to this problem.

Output:
Hello, Sir!

The Numbers!

I will count Again!

To execute the natural code, We have start.ring

In start.ring we define the language and the commands.
File: start.ring
load "stdlib.ring"
load "naturallib.ring"

New NaturalLanguage {
SetLanguageName(:MyLanguage)
SetCommandsPath(CurrentDir()+"/../command")
SetPackageName("MyLanguage.Natural")
UseCommand(:Hello)
UseCommand(:Count)
RunFile("program.txt")
}

We defined a language called MyLanguage, We have folder for the language commands.

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Each command will define a class that belong to the MyLanguage.Natural package.
We will define two commands, Hello and Count.
So we must have two files for defining the commands in the CurrentDir()+/../command folder
File: hello.ring
DefineNaturalCommand.SyntaxIsKeyword([
:Package = "MyLanguage.Natural",
:Keyword = :hello,
:Function = func {
See "Hello, Sir!" + nl + nl
}
])

File: count.ring
DefineNaturalCommand.SyntaxIsKeywordNumberNumber([
:Package = "MyLanguage.Natural",
:Keyword = :count,
:Function = func {
if not isattribute(self,:count_times) {
AddAttribute(self,:count_times)
Count_Times = 0
}
if Expr(1) > Expr(2) {
nStep = -1
else
nStep = 1
}
if Count_Times = 0 {
see nl+"The Numbers!" + nl
Count_Times++
else
see nl + "I will count Again!" +nl
}
for x = Expr(1) to Expr(2) step nStep {
see nl+x+nl
}
CommandReturn(fabs(Expr(1)-Expr(2))+1)
}
])

46.2 Defining Commands

To define new command we can use the DefineNaturalCommand object

This object provides the next methods :-
SyntaxIsKeyword(aPara)
SyntaxIsKeywordNumber(aPara)
SyntaxIsKeywordNumberNumber(aPara)
SyntaxIsKeywordNumbers(aPara,nCount)
SyntaxIsKeywordString(aPara)
SyntaxIsKeywordStringString(aPara)

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SyntaxIsKeywordStrings(aPara,nCount)
SyntaxIsKeywordExpression(aPara)
SyntaxIsKeywordExpressionExpression(aPara)
SyntaxIsKeywordExpressions(aPara,nCount)
SyntaxIsCommand(aPara)
SyntaxIsCommandNumber(aPara)
SyntaxIsCommandNumberNumber(aPara)
SyntaxIsCommandNumbers(aPara,nCount)
SyntaxIsCommandString(aPara)
SyntaxIsCommandStringString(aPara)
SyntaxIsCommandStrings(aPara,nCount)
SyntaxIsCommandExpression(aPara)
SyntaxIsCommandExpressionExpression(aPara)
SyntaxIsCommandExpressions(aPara,nCount)
File: mylanguage.ring
load "stdlib.ring"
load "naturallib.ring"

MyLanguage = New NaturalLanguage {

SetLanguageName(:MyLanguage)
setCommandsPath(CurrentDir()+"/../command")
SetPackageName("MyLanguage.Natural")
UseCommand(:Hello)
UseCommand(:Count)
UseCommand(:Print)
UseCommand(:IWantWindow)
UseCommand(:WindowTitleIs)
UseCommand(:IWantButton)
}

Example (1)
In the next example we will define the Print command.
We will use the SyntaxIsKeywordExpression() Method.
We pass list (as Hash) to the method. We determine the package name, the keyword and the function that will be
executed.
Inside this function we uses the Expr(nExprNumber) function to get the expression value that the user will write after
the keyword.
File: print.ring
DefineNaturalCommand.SyntaxIsKeywordExpression([
:Package = "MyLanguage.Natural",
:Keyword = :print,
:Function = func {
See Expr(1)
}
])

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Usage:
load "mylanguage.ring"

MyLanguage.RunString('
print "Hello, World!"
')

Output:
Hello, World!

Example (2)
File: iwantwindow.ring
DefineNaturalCommand.SyntaxIsCommand([
:Package = "MyLanguage.Natural",
:Command = "i want window",
:Function = func {
See "Command: I want window" + nl
}
])

Usage:
load "mylanguage.ring"

MyLanguage.RunString('
i want window
')

Output:
Command: I want window

Example (3)
File: windowtitleis.ring
DefineNaturalCommand.SyntaxIsCommandString([
:Package = "MyLanguage.Natural",
:Command = "window title is",
:Function = func {
See "Command: Window title is " + Expr(1) + nl
}
])

Usage:
load "mylanguage.ring"

MyLanguage.RunString('
I want window and the window title is "Hello World"
')

Output:
Command: I want window
Command: Window title is Hello World

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46.3 Natural Library - Operators

In the next example we uses the Count command without using operators
load "mylanguage.ring"

MyLanguage.RunString("
Hello
Count 1 5
Count 5 1
")

We can add more description

load "mylanguage.ring"

MyLanguage.RunString("
Hello, Please Count from 1 to 5 then count from 5 to 1
")

Also we can use operators like ( and ) around the instruction

load "mylanguage.ring"

MyLanguage {
SetOperators("()")
RunString("
Here we will play and will try something
that looks like Lisp Syntax
(count (count 1 5) (count 20 15))
Just for fun!
")
}

46.4 Defining commands using classes

This section is related to the implementation details.

When we define new command, Each command is defined by the Natural Library as a class.
We have the choice to define commands using the simple interface provided by the DefineNaturalCommand object or
by defining new class as in the next examples.
If we used DefineNaturalCommand (More Simple), The class will be defined during the runtime.
File: hello.ring
Package MyLanguage.Natural

class Hello

func AddAttributes_Hello
AddAttribute(self,:hello)

func GetHello
See "Hello, Sir!" + nl + nl

File: count.ring

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Package MyLanguage.Natural

class Count

func Getcount
StartCommand()
CommandData()[:name] = :Count
CommandData()[:nExpr] = 0
CommandData()[:aExpr] = []

func BraceExprEval_Count nValue

if isCommand() and CommandData()[:name] = :Count {
if isNumber(nValue) {
CommandData()[:nExpr]++
CommandData()[:aExpr] + nValue
if CommandData()[:nExpr] = 2 {
Count_Execute()
}
}
}

func AddAttributes_Count
AddAttribute(self,:count)

func Count_Execute
if not isattribute(self,:count_times) {
AddAttribute(self,:count_times)
Count_Times = 0
}
if Expr(1) > Expr(2) {
nStep = -1
else
nStep = 1
}
if Count_Times = 0 {
see nl+"The Numbers!" + nl
Count_Times++
else
see nl + "I will count Again!" +nl
}
for x = Expr(1) to Expr(2) step nStep {
see nl+x+nl
}
CommandReturn(fabs(Expr(1)-Expr(2))+1)

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 CHAPTER

FORTYSEVEN

WEB DEVELOPMENT (CGI LIBRARY)

In this chapter we will learn about developing Web applications using a CGI Library written in the Ring language.

47.1 Configure the Apache web server

We can use Ring with any web server that support CGI. In this section we will learn about using Ring with the Apache
HTTP Server.
You can download Apache from : http://httpd.apache.org/
Or you can get it included with other projects like
XAMPP : https://www.apachefriends.org/download.html
Install then open the file:
xampp\apache\conf\httpd.conf

search for
<Directory />

Then after it add

Options FollowSymLinks +ExecCGI

So we have
<Directory />
Options FollowSymLinks +ExecCGI

Search for the next line and be sure that its not commented
LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so

Search for : AddHandler cgi-script

Then add .ring to the supported cgi extensions
Example
AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .ring

Example
AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .pl .asp .ring

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Run/Start the server

Create your web applications in a directory supported by the web server.
Example:
Apache2.2\htdocs\mywebapplicationfolder

Example:
xampp\htdocs\mywebapplicationfolder

Inside the source code file (*.ring), Add this line

#!c:\ring\bin\ring.exe -cgi

Note: Change the previous line based on the path to ring.exe in your machine

47.2 Ring CGI Hello World Program

The next program is the Hello World program

#!c:\ring\bin\ring.exe -cgi

See "content-type : text/html" +nl+nl+

"Hello World!" + nl

47.3 Hello World Program using the Web Library

We can use the web library to write CGI Web applications quickly
Example (1) :
#!c:\ring\bin\ring.exe -cgi

Load "weblib.ring"

Import System.Web

New Page
{
Text("Hello World!")
}

Example (2) :
#!c:\ring\bin\ring.exe -cgi

Load "weblib.ring"

Import System.Web

WebPage()
{
Text("Hello World!")
}

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Tip: the difference between ex. 1 and ex. 2 is using WebPage() function to return the page object instead of creating
the object using new statement.

47.4 Web Library Features

The next features are provided by the Web library to quickly create web applications.
Generate HTML pages using functions
Generate HTML pages using objects
HTTP Get
HTTP Post
Files Upload
URL Encode
Templates
CRUD MVC Sample
Users Logic & Registration Sample

47.5 HTTP Get Example

The Page User Interface

#!c:\ring\bin\ring.exe -cgi
Load "weblib.ring"
Import System.Web
New Page
{
Title = "Test HTTP Get"
divstart([ :style = StyleSizeFull() ] )
boxstart()
text( "Test HTTP GET" )
newline()
boxend()
divstart([ :style = Styledivcenter("600px","550px") +
StyleGradient(21) ])
divstart([:style = stylefloatleft() + stylesize("100px","100%") +
stylecolor("black") + stylegradient(58)])
formstart("ex5.ring")
tablestart([ :style = stylesize("65%","90%") +
stylemarginleft("35%") +
stylemargintop("30%") ])
rowstart([])
cellstart([])
text ( "Name : " )
cellend()
cellstart([])
cTextboxStyle = StyleMarginLeft("5%") +
StyleWidth("250px") +
StyleColor("black") +

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StyleBackColor("white")
textbox([ :name = "Name", :style = cTextboxStyle ] )
cellend()
rowend()
rowstart([])
cellstart([])
text ( "Address : " )
cellend()
cellstart([])
textbox([ :name = "Address", :style = cTextboxStyle] )
cellend()
rowend()
rowstart([])
cellstart([])
text ( "Phone : " )
cellend()
cellstart([])
textbox([ :name = "Phone", :style = cTextboxStyle ])
cellend()
rowend()
rowstart([])
cellstart([])
text ( "Age : " )
cellend()
cellstart([])
textbox([ :name = "Age", :style = cTextboxStyle ])
cellend()
rowend()
rowstart([])
cellstart([])
text ( "City: " )
cellend()
cellstart([])
listbox([ :name = "City", :items = ["Cairo","Riyadh","Jeddah"],
:style = stylemarginleft("5%") + stylewidth("400px") ] )
cellend()
rowend()
rowstart([])
cellstart([])
text ( "Country : " )
cellend()
cellstart([])
combobox([ :name = "Country",
:items = ["Egypt","Saudi Arabia","USA"],
:style = stylemarginleft("5%") +
stylewidth("400px")+
stylecolor("black")+
stylebackcolor("white")+
stylefontsize("14px") ])
cellend()
rowend()
rowstart([])
cellstart([])
text ( "Note : " )
cellend()
cellstart([])
editbox([ :name = "Notes",
:style = stylemarginleft("5%") +

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