DIFFERENT TYPES OF HOSE MATERIAL

COMMON NAME Butyl/Chlorobutyl

ASTM DESIGNATION IIR
D1418-64
COMPOSITION Isobutene-Isoprene
RESISTANCE AND Very good weathering resistance
GENERAL Low permeability to air
PROPERTIES Good physical properties.
Poor resistance to petroleum based uids.
PRIMARY HOSE Tube /
ELEMENT Cover

COMMON NAME Nitrile/Buna-N

ASTM DESIGNATION NBR
D1418-64
COMPOSITION Nitrile-Butadiene
RESISTANCE AND Excellent oil resistance.
GENERAL Good physical properties
PROPERTIES
PRIMARY HOSE Tube /Cover
ELEMENT
COMMON NAME Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC)
ASTM DESIGNATION N/A
D1418-64
COMPOSITION Poly Vinyl Chloride
RESISTANCE AND Good abrasion, chemical and weathering
GENERAL resistance.
PROPERTIES Lightweight. Poor oil and temperature resistance
PRIMARY HOSE Tube /Cover, Tubing
ELEMENT

COMMON NAME Chlorinated Polyethylene

(CPE)
ASTM DESIGNATION CM
D1418-64
COMPOSITION Chloropolyethylene
RESISTANCE AND Good long term resistance to UV and
GENERAL weathering. Good oil and chemical
PROPERTIES resistance. Excellent ame resistance.
Good low temperature impact resistance.
PRIMARY HOSE Tube
ELEMENT
COMMON NAME Natural Rubber
ASTM DESIGNATION NR
D1418-64
COMPOSITION Isoprene
RESISTANCE AND Excellent physical properties, including
GENERAL abrasion resistance. Not oil resistant.
PROPERTIES
PRIMARY HOSE Tube
ELEMENT
DEBUNKERING

De-bunkering is the term commonly used for offloading bunker fuel from ships. The
most common reason for de-bunkering is poor quality bunkers that are unfit for use in the
vessels machinery. Such substandard bunkers occupy tank space that could otherwise be
used for good bunkers.
In a smaller scale, de-bunkering hose are widely used in various industry such as water
supply unloading and diesel/petrol unloading. There are numerous type of de-bunkering
hose for all sorts of application such as oil/fuel, bulk material, potable water and liquid
mud. Below is an example of data sheet obtained from Continental DO10H Fuel and Oil
Suction and Delivery Hose.
 COMBINATION TECHNIQUE FOR SYSTEMS

Vacuum pumps are combined with chambers and operational procedures into a wide
variety of vacuum systems. Sometimes more than one pump will be used (in series or
in parallel) in a single application. A partial vacuum, or rough vacuum, can be created using
a positive displacement pump that transports a gas load from an inlet port to an outlet
(exhaust) port. Because of their mechanical limitations, such pumps can only achieve a
low vacuum. To achieve a higher vacuum, other techniques must then be used, typically
in series (usually following an initial fast pump down with a positive displacement pump).
Some examples might be use of an oil sealed rotary vane pump (the most common positive
displacement pump) backing a diffusion pump, or a dry scroll pump backing a
turbomolecular pump. There are other combinations depending on the level of vacuum
being sought.

Achieving high vacuum is difficult because all of the materials exposed to the vacuum
must be carefully evaluated for their outgassing and vapor pressure properties. For
example, oils, greases, and rubber or plastic gaskets used as seals for the vacuum
chamber must not boil off when exposed to the vacuum, or the gases they produce would
prevent the creation of the desired degree of vacuum. Often, all of the surfaces exposed
to the vacuum must be baked at high temperature to drive off adsorbed gases.