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STATE POINT

ANALYSIS
WesTech Engineering, Inc.
Salt Lake City, Utah, USA

1
Simplified Activated
Sludge Flow Sheet

Q + RAS Q
Q Aeration
Basin Clarifier

RAS

WAS

State Point Analysis

2
Key Parameters used in
State Point Analysis
Factor / Parameter Symbol
z Influent flow rate Q
z Return activated sludge flow rate RAS
z Mixed liquor concentration Xmlss
z Sludge settling characteristics V o, k
z Clarifier surface area A

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State Point Diagram
8.0
7.0
Solids Flux Axis
G, Kg/m2-hr

6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0 Solids Concentration Axis
1.0
0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
X, g/l

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What is Solids Flux?
Solids flux is the movement
of solids through a clarifier
Solids Flux = mass per unit area per unit time
kg / m2 - hr

Solids Loading Rate (SLR)


is one type of solids flux
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State Point Diagram
We will plot three elements
8.0
7.0
- Overflow rate line
G, Kg/m2-hr

6.0
5.0 - Underflow rate line
4.0 - Settling flux curve
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
X, g/l

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State Point Diagram
8.0
7.0
G, Kg/m2-hr

6.0
Overflow rate line
5.0
4.0 Slope = SOR = Q/A
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
X, g/l

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State Point Diagram
8.0
7.0 Xmlss(Q+RAS)
Solids loading rate
G, Kg/m2-hr

6.0 A
5.0
4.0 State Point
3.0 Underflow rate line
2.0
1.0 Slope = SUR = RAS/A
0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
X, g/l
mlss Expected underflow conc.
concentration 8
Settling Flux

Settling Flux, Gs = X Vs
Where: X = Solids concentration
Vs = Settling velocity at
that concentration

Determine Vs with settling tests

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Settling Flux
Settling tests at various
solids concentrations
Interface height

We record
interface
height
vs
time

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Settling Curve
1600
1400 Vs is the slope of the
Interface Height (mm)

1200 straight section of


1000 the settling curve
800
600
400
200
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Time (min)
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Settling Flux
Now that we have the settling
velocity Vs we can calculate Gs
Gs = X Vs
This gives us one (1) point on the flux curve.
To get more points we need to run more tests
at different solids concentrations.

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Settling Flux
For most activated sludge there
exists the following relationship
Vs = Vo e-kX
Substitution gives
Gs = X Vo e-kX

With a few settling tests we can solve for


Vo and k and define the whole flux curve.
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Veslund Relationship
2.0
1.5
1.0 Vo = y intercept
0.5 k = line slope
ln Vs

0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
-2.0
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
X, g/l
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State Point Diagram
8.0
7.0
Now we plot the
G, Kg/m2-hr

6.0
5.0 three elements
4.0 together to form the
3.0 State Point Diagram
2.0
1.0
0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
X, g/l

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Thickening Failure
8.0
7.0
G, Kg/m2-hr

6.0 Thickening failure


5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
X, g/l

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Inventory Shift
8.0
7.0
G, Kg/m2-hr

6.0
5.0
4.0 1
3.0 2
2.0
1.0
0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
X, g/l

17
Clarification Failure
8.0
7.0
G, Kg/m2-hr

6.0 Clarification failure


5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
X, g/l

18
Flow Increase
8.0
7.0
G, Kg/m2-hr

6.0 Overflow line gets steeper


5.0
4.0
State point moves up
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
X, g/l

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Change Settling Properties
8.0
7.0
G, Kg/m2-hr

6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
X, g/l

20
Optimizing RAS Rate
8.0
7.0
G, Kg/m2-hr

6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0 RAS rate too high
2.0
1.0
0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
X, g/l

Underflow conc. too low 21


Optimizing RAS Rate
8.0
7.0
G, Kg/m2-hr

6.0
5.0 Lower RAS
4.0 pumping, higher
3.0 RAS concentration
2.0
1.0
0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
X, g/l

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State Point Analysis
8.0
7.0
State Point Analysis is a useful
G, Kg/m2-hr

6.0
5.0 tool for both designers and
4.0 operators to graphically
3.0 understand the dynamics of an
2.0 activated sludge clarifier.
1.0
0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
X, g/l

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State Point Analysis

Questions ?

24

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