Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Cutoff - transactions and events have been recorded in the Occurrence and rights and obligations - disclosed events,
correct accounting period. transactions, and other matters have occurred and pertain
to the entity.
Assertions about account balances at the period end: Classification and understandability - financial information
(RECV) is appropriately presented and described, and disclosures
are clearly expressed.
Rights and obligations - the entity holds or controls the
rights to assets, and liabilities are the obligations of the
Accuracy and valuation - financial and other information
entity.
are disclosed fairly and at appropriate amounts.
Existence - assets, liabilities, and equity interests exist.
1. Authority and responsibility for controlling the 6. Deliveries of materials, finished stock and merchandise
inventories should be centralized management and in should be made only upon specific authorizations
one person. emanating at authorized levels.
2. There should be careful selection of inventory 7. Slow-moving, obsolete and damaged stock should be
personnel and intensive training of such personnel in identified and reported following periodic reviews of
policies, objectives and system of inventory control. physical and book records by qualified employees.
Valuation on the basis of approved cost-mark-down
3. Adequate physical facilities for handling and storage of
methods should be reviewed.
inventory should be provided.
8. Safeguards against that action of the element and
4. Adequate system of procedures, forms and reports
inaccuracies in recording receipts and issues should be
related to the management of inventories should be
adopted. Example Maintaining adequate insurance
developed and implemented.
coverage.
5. Quantitative controls through perpetual inventory
records; book quantities verified with physical counts
at least once a year and differences being investigated,
promptly adjusted and reported to higher authority
should be implemented.
Existence: Recorded inventory exist Completeness: Purchases that occurred are recorded
1. Before the client takes the physical inventory, review Trace a sequence of receiving reports to entries in the
and approve the clients written plan for taking it. voucher register. Test cutoff. Account for a sequence of
2. Observe the client personnel physically counting entries in the voucher register.
inventory.
Occurrence: Recorded purchases are for items that were
3. Confirm inventories on consignment and held in public acquired
warehouses.
Examine underlying documents for authenticity and
reasonableness. Scan voucher register for large or
Completeness: All inventory of the entity recorded unusual items. Trace inventory purchased to perpetual
records. Scan voucher register for duplicate payments.
4. Obtain a copy of prenumbered inventory tags used by
the client in taking inventory and reconcile the tags to Classification: Purchase transactions have been recorded in
the listing. the proper accounts
5. For selected items, trace from tags to listing.
For a sample of entries in the purchases journal, verify the
6. Perform cutoff procedures. Obtain the receiving report accuracy of account coding.
number for the last shipment received prior to year-
end and determine that the item is included in
inventory. Also, identify the last shipping document Accuracy (Valuation): Purchases are recorded at proper
and determine, based on shipping terms, whether the amounts
item was properly recorded in sales or inventory.
Recompute invoices and compare invoice price to purchase
7. Perform analytical procedures.
order.
Rights and obligations: Inventory is owned by the entity
Production
8. Determine that consigned inventory has been excluded
from inventory and that inventory pledged has been Completeness: All production transactions that occurred
properly disclosed. Examine confirmations from are recorded
financial institutions and read minutes of the board of
Account for a sequence for production reports.
directors meetings.
Occurrence: Recorded production transactions occurred
Valuation and allocation: Recorded inventory is valued in
accordance with GAAP For selected transactions, examine signed materials
requisitions, approved labor tickets, and allocation of
9. Considering the method the client uses for inventory
overhead.
valuation, examine invoices for inventory on hand or
Classification: Production transactions have been recorded
trace prior years inventory listing to verify cost.
in the proper accounts
10. For selected items, determine net realizable value
(NRV) of the inventory and apply the lower of cost or For a sample of entries, verify the accuracy of account
NRV. coding.
11. Verify computations in the inventory listing. Accuracy (Valuation): Production transactions are
12. Review the obsolescence of the inventory by: recorded at proper amounts
a. being alert while observing inventory being taken
Test cost records by tracing to underlying documents, such
for damaged, slow-moving, or scrap inventory.
as bill of materials, labor tickets, authorized labor rates,
b. Scanning perpetual records for slow-moving items
and standard overhead rates. Review variances.
and discussing their valuation with client.
2. The cost of sales for the year ended December 31, e) Through the carelessness of the
2015 is overstated by receiving department shipment in
a. P290,000 c. P440,000 early December 2015 was damaged
b. P110,000 d. P380,000 by rain. This shipment was later sold
in the last week of December at cost. 150,000
3. The profit for the year ended December 31, 2015 is
misstated by
REQUIRED:
a. P190,000 over c. P140,000 under
b. P 10,000 over d. P290,000 under 1. Gross profit rate for 11 months ended November 30,
2015.
4. The working capital as of December 31, 2015 is
misstated by 2. Cost of goods sold during the month of December
a. P190,000 over c. P140,000 under 2015 using the gross profit method.
b. P 10,000 over d. P290,000 under
3. December 31, 2015 inventory using the gross profit
method.
SOLUTION GUIDE
Over (Under)
Inventory COS Profit WC SOLUTION GUIDE:
a (180) 180 (180) (180)
Requirement No. 1
b 200 (200) (100) (100)
c 150 - - - Sales, up to 11/30 P12,600,000
d (400) 400 200 200 Less COS, up to 11/30:
e 250 (250) 250 250 Inventory, 1/1 P 1,3,500
f (160) 160 (160) (160) Net purchases, 11/30 10,110,000
(140) 290 10 10 TGAS 11,422,500
Inventory, 11/30 ( 1,342,500) 10,080,000
Gross profit P 2,520,000
PROBLEM NO. 3
Computation of adjusted amounts:
Your client, Mandaluyong Company, is an importer and
wholesaler. Its merchandise is purchased from several Inventory, N.P.,11/30 N.P.,12/31
suppliers and is warehoused until sold to customers. 11/30 (11 mos.) (12 mos.)
In conducting your audit for the year ended December 31, Unadjusted 1,425,000 10,125,000 12,000,000
2015, you were satisfied that the system of internal control
a - 112,500 -
was good. Accordingly, you observed the physical
inventory at an interim date, November 30, 2015 instead b - ( 15,000) ( 22,500)
of at year end. You obtained the following information
from your clients general ledger: c - ( 30,000) ( 30,000)
Your audit also disclosed the following information about 4. A client maintains perpetual inventory records in both
the December 31 inventory: quantities and pesos. If the assessed level of control
a. Total debits to the following accounts during December risk is high an auditor will probably
were: a. Apply gross profit tests to ascertain the
Cost of sales P1,920,800 reasonableness of the physical counts.
Direct labor 338,800 b. Increase the extent of tests of controls relevant to
Purchases 691,600 the inventory cycle.
c. Request the client to schedule the physical
b. The cost of sales of P1,920,800 included direct labor of
inventory count at the end of the year.
P386,400.
d. Insist that the client perform physical counts of
inventory items several times during the year.
QUESTIONS:
Based on the above and the result of your audit, determine 5. The physical count of inventory of a retailer was higher
the following: than shown by the perpetual records. Which of the
following could explain the difference?
1. Adjusted amount of physical inventory at November 30
a. Inventory item has been counted but the tags
a. P1,715,560 c. P1,845,760
placed on the items had not been taken off the
b. P1,631,560 d. P1,722,560
items and added to the inventory accumulation
2. Adjusted amount of inventory at December 31 sheets.
a. P1,509,760 c. P1,502,760 b. Credit memos for several items returned by
b. P1,516,760 d. P1,425,760 customers had not been recorded.
c. No journal entry had been made on the retailers
3. Cost of materials on hand, and materials included in books for several items returned to its suppliers.
work in process as of December 31 d. An item purchased FOB shipping point had not
a. P819,560 c. P728,560 arrived at the date of the inventory count and had
b. P812,560 d. P942,760 not been reflected in the perpetual records.
4. The amount of direct labor included in work in process
as of December 31 6. Purchase cut-off procedures should be designed to test
a. P618,800 c. P338,800 whether all inventory
b. P232,400 d. P386,400 a. Purchased and received before year-end was paid
for.
5. The amount of factory overhead included in work in b. Ordered before year-end was received.
process as of December 31 c. Purchased and received before year-end was
a. P 772,800 c. P464,800 recorded.
b. P1,237,600 d. P777,600 d. Owned by the company is in the possession of the
company at year-end.
8. The journal entries on April 3 will include a 2. December invoices totaling P13,200 were entered in
a. Debit to Cash of P24,000. the voucher register in December, but goods were not
b. Debit to Cost of Repossessed Goods Sold of received until January.
P14,000.
c. Credit to Profit on Sale of Repossessed Inventory End of the Year
of P3,600.
3. Sales of P43,000 (cost of P12,900) were made on
d. Credit to Repossessed Inventory of P20,400.
account on December 31 and goods delivered at that
9. The trade-in inventory on Aug. 30 is most likely to be time, but all entries relating to the sales were made
valued at on January 2.
a. P8,000 c. P6,000
4. Invoices totaling P15,000 were entered in the voucher
b. P4,800 d. P6,400
register in January, but the goods were received in
10. How much will be recorded as Sales on Aug. 30? December.
a. P51,200 c. P57,200
5. December invoices totaling P18,000 were entered in
b. P56,000 d. P57,600
the voucher register in December, but the goods were
not received until January.
PROBLEM NO. 3 6. Invoices totaling P12,000 were entered in the voucher
register in January, and the goods were received in
The cost goods sold section of the income statement
January, but the invoices were dated December.
prepared by your client for the year ended December 31
appears as follows:
Based on the preceding information, determine the net
Inventory, January 1 P 80,000 working paper adjustment that should be made for each of
Purchases 1,600,000 the following accounts:
Cost of goods available for sale 1,680,000
11. Retained earnings
Inventory, December 31 100,000
a. P13,200 credit c. P25,000 debit
Cost of goods sold P1,580,000
b. P11,800 debit d. P38,200 debit
Although the books have been closed, your working paper 12. Purchases
trial balance is prepared showing all accounts with activity a. P27,000 debit c. P25,000 credit
during the year. This is the first time your firm has made b. P28,000 debit d. P2,000 debit
an examination. The January 1 and December 31
inventories appearing above were determined by physical 13. Beginning inventory
count of the goods on hand on those dates and no a. P25,000 credit c. P13,200 debit
reconciling items were considered. All purchases are FOB b. P38,200 debit d. P11,800 debit
shipping point. 14. Accounts receivable
a. P43,000 debit c. P30,000 debit
In the course of your examination of the inventory cutoff, b. P43,000 credit d. No adjustment
both at the beginning and end of the year, you discovered
the following facts: 15. Sales
a. P43,000 debit c. P30,000credit
Beginning of the Year b. P43,000 credit d. No adjustment