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ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY
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GRAMAR
I. PARTICIPIUL TRECUT
Reguli Exemple
1. Participiul trecut al verbelor regulate se formeaza adaugand to ask asked
terminatia ed la infinitivul scurt al verbelor
Cand se adauga terminatia ed,
- verbele terminate in epierd acest e final; to translate translated
- verbele monosilabice terminate intr-o consoana precedata de to stop stopped
o singura vocala scurta dubleza consoana finala
- verbele plurisilabice terminate intr-o consoana precedata de to prefer preferred
o singura vocala scurta dubleaza cosnoana finala numai daca
accentual cade pe ultima silaba
- verbele terminate in l dubleaza consoana finala indiferent travel traveled
de accent
- la verbele terminate in -y precedat de consoana se -y to try - tried
transforma in i
- la verbele terminate in -y precedat de vocala, y ramane to play played
neschimat
Reguli Exemple
I. Formare I have asked am intrebat
Ca toate timpurile perfecte Present I have written am scris
Perfect se formeaza cu ajutorul
verbului auxiliar to have. Dupa cum
il arata si numele, Present perfect se
formeaza din timpul present al verbului
de conjugat
II. Intrebuintare
Timpurile perfecte exprima
anterioritatea.
Denumirea timpului perfect arata
fata de care moment anume este
anterioara actiunea. De exemplu
Present Perfect exprima o actiune
anterioara fata de present, Viitorul
Perfect exprima o actiune anterioara
fata de un viitor etc.
Prezent perfect este folosit pentru a
exprima o actiune trecuta care are
legatura cu prezentul. Aceasta legatura
cu prezentul se manifesta fie prin
consecintele pe care le are in present
aceasta actiune trecuta, fie prin faptul
ca actiune continua in present.
Prezent Perfect exprima prin urmare: We have moved into a new flat.
1. o actiune terminata in trecut, dar Ne-am mutat intr-un apartament nou.
care are consecinte in present: (Ne-am mutat cu catva timp in urma,
dar acum locuim in acest apartament).
Uneori ca in exemplul de mai sus
momentul cand a avut loc actiunea nu
este precizat. Alteori insa, actiunea este
asociata cu o anumita perioada de
timp:
a) actiunea a avut loc intr-o perioada I have typed two letters today Astazi
de timp care nu s-a incheiat inca si deci am batut la masina doua scrisori
actiunea se poate repeta in cadrul (intervalul de timp nu s-a incheiat inca,
aceluiasi interval de timp indicat de actiunea se mai poate repeta, deci mai
adverbul de timp definit sau de pot dactilografia cateva scrisori tot
locutionea adverbiala: today (astazi), astazi)
this week (saptamana aceasta), this
year (anul acesta) etc.
b) momentul actiunii este indicat I have never written my homework
printr-un adverb de timp nedefinit si during the classes, I have always
frecventa: ever (vreodata), never written it at home.
(niciodata), often (adesea), seldom Niciodata nu mi-am scris temele in
(rareori), already (deja), lately (recent), clasa; intotdeauna mi le-am scris acasa.
just (tocmai), always (intotdeauna), yet
(inca) etc. Aceste adverbe se aseaza
intre auxiliary si verbul de conjugat
NB: I have got poate fi timpul We have recently got a flat in this
present perfect al verbului to get sau in block of flats Am primit de curand un
limbaj colocvial poate inlocui forma I apartament in acest bloc.
have I have got (Ive got) a new English
book. Am o carte noua de engleza.
II. Echivalentii verbelor modale
Reguli Exemple
Verbele modale defective nu au toate
timpurile. La timpurile pe care nu le au
se inlocuiesc dupa cum urmeaza:
can = to able to I have never been able to read this
to be capable to book. Nu am putut niciodata sa citesc
aceasta carte.
may = to be permitted to They have seldom been permited to
to be allowed to smoke in that room. Rareori li s-a
permis sa fumeze in camera aceea.
must = to have to We havent yet had to hand in the
to be obliged to paper. Nu a trebuit inca sa predam
to be compelled to lucrarile.
EXERCISES
1. Where do you live? 2. Is your house a many storeyed one? 3. What is the
house made of? 4. What can you see on top of its roof? 5. What is there in the
basement? 6. How many entrances has the house? 7. What is there all around the
house? 8. What can you see in front of the house? 9. What is there at its back?
10. Where do you keep your car? 11. On what floor is your flat situated? 12.
What are the modern conveniences in your house?
II. Completati spatiile libere cu prepozitii sau adverbe, acolo unde este cazul:
1. I live ..5, Paris Street. 2. .. the back .the house there are some fruit
trees. 3. . front .the house there is a lawn. 4. Have you already moved .
your new flat? 5. When I come home I walk.the paththe front door and
enter . the house. 6. I live . a flat a three-storeyed housethe corner .a
beautiful avenue. 7 one side .the house there is a garage. 8. the ground
floor is the basement. 9. What floor do you live ? 10. Our flat is situated the
second floor. 11. Our house is made brick. 12. top the roof there is a
T.V. aerial. 13. There is a large garden our house. 14. A staircase leads the
second floor.
a) verbe
1. Do you any vegetables in your garden? 2. We the car in the cancer. 3.
We on the second floor. 4. The house is of brick 5. A staircase to the
second floor. 6. Have you already . into your new flat? 7. Weve recently a
flat in a new block of flats.