Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1956
Recommended Citation
Holcomb, Robert Marion, "Distribution of loads in beam-and-slab bridges " (1956). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 13282.
http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/13282
This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please
contact digirep@iastate.edu.
INFORMATION TO USERS
This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI Films
the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and
dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of
computer printer.
In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript
and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized
copyright material had to be removed, a note will Indicate the deletion.
UMI"
DISTRIBUTION OF I-OADS III
3IiA'.!-A!ID-SLAo BRIDjSS
by
DOGTOn OF PlilLOSOrnY
* ;.* *:..
t * *
Approved:
In Chorr: of Ma
19^6
UMI Number: DP12400
<^0
UMI
UMI Microform DP12400
Copyright 2005 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company.
All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against
unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pago
ABSTRACT iv
I. INTRODUCTION 1
IV, TESTS 07
T/Z339
ill
Page
X. APPENDIX 196
Iv
ABSTRACT
sisting of:
but any other form could be assumed. For the bridges tested
stiffness, H, of 2 or more.
bridges has four beams equally spaced, has tiio interior booms
Among the four bridges the span to spacing ratio varied from
axles.
exterior, are:
AASHO +87 to -8
I. INTRODUCTION
the same throughout the width of the bridge# The edge beams
composite and much stronger than tho interior onos, tho slab
bridge in use.
j
1
Roctdv^cty t/v/c/^h
Composite beam \A/idfhs
Exterior . Inferior
>T*
S/ab fh/ckness, h
l' *
Beam spacingJ
-
1
I
Diaphragms, in ferior^^ end
SpanJ JL
LONG/TUOiNAL SECTION
ryn/CAL SECTIONS
riG, /
%
5
B. Loads
dead load; and the forces arising from the passage of highway
is not the same for all bridges. One common construction pro
with the form for the curb cantilevered from the edge beam.
Under those conditions the dead loads carried by the beams are
arbitrarily divide the total dead load equally among all the
of "N2" tons, of which .2N2^ tons are on the front axle and
dN^ tons are on the rear. The number, 14l-> indicates the
the "H" trucks are used. The equivalent lane load does not
used.
i
9 kips ! 'X
1/
032 kips per foot
iifniiiiiMnmiitmmiitin nn t 0
CO
P^L
M
26 f 5
I ox!e on,
= /6
I
30 40 50 eo 70 SO
^PAN, L. FEET
MAXIMUM MOMENTS CAUSED BV H10-4-4 LOADtNe
PEP LANE,SIMPLE SPAN
Pig. Z
riob/e
/^ min.
^ Ax/e /oacb(^ kip
S ax/es an
= 36^L.+Z33) - 224
Pe = f-233'j^- 396
X joo
NO
> FOG
2 ax/es on
I ax/e on '33.a M ^ ^^j^-3.5y &J:
/^=4L
/6 P^ = /2d^L-d.5j
1
JO 40 50 eo 7o ao
SPAN J L , FEET
MAX/MUM MOMENTS CAUSED BY H/0'S8-44 LOAD/NO
FIG. 3
10
las for this variable load, are shown in the figures. The
set up, analyzed to find the critical stresses and stress dis
on the bridge.
separate members even though the material of the slab may also
ordinary methods.
beam action, the loads on the beams are the reactions of the
slab* The division of the total load among the beams and the
ntimber of beams,
3/5 times the standard truck wheel load if two or more lanes
for the interior and exterior beams. As shown in Fig* ij. the
S/5 formula gives results that differ only slightly from those
beam provision for exterior beams follows the old rule that if
width the average load par beam would be S/5 wheel loads
ySimple-beam stab action: over 2 /ones.
Actual ivheej spacingf^foot overage tvhee/spacing
2 lanes
tt
6 7 d 9
BEAM SPACING. S FEET
live load as that for wiiich the interior ones are designed. A
as much live load as are the interior ones. The required size
search tool.
17
tested.
7 A list of references.
20
to the point where results useful to the present study were ob-
brief, as follows.
and compression.
timber floors loaded with flat steel wheels* They are, there
programs
This was probably the first time the load carried by a stringer
presented herein.
present Interest. The trucks used had hard rubber tires and
i
2k
load tests*
wero judged most useful and adopted for the major portion of
acting with the exterior beams was smaller than that acting
a Qi 20 -0"
6\ H
1 i i
1 '
t
c.
0%
' ' 1
/ 1
s i i . , i i
Fig. 5
26
distribution curve when one truck was near a side of the road
truck was moved laterally across the bridge, and d) the maxi
also show that the maximum stress caused by one truck was sub
concrete floors, with two trucks side by side on the span, the
load. The 0.60 value was the average when the stringer
spacing, 3, was 28.5 in., and the O.69 value was for the 36
span still retained full composite action but that the shorter
seems significant that the change was essentially the same for
both spans even though one had rotalnod full composite action
and one had been reduced, very nearly, to separate beam and
{9, p. 7).
, ., Distribution factor in
Bridge 19^8
stresses for all the beams. This, in offeot* assumed that the
also*
havior of the slab was the primary concern, but some deflec
30
and the concrete; the only diaphragms were at the ends of the
ing of the bond between the slab and beams with a consequent
decrease in tiie T-beam action. Tiiis was in contrast with the
ant of one half of this curvo was shown to vary only slightly
as the position of the loud varied, remaining near 0.2 times
the span of the slab from the peak. If this condition can be
width having free edges (ill.). Except for the width, the con
tion has been reported by Spangler (1^, l6), The slabs tested
cribed above.
las are not suitable for direct use in design ...." (19, p. 9)
of its application.
stated that:
in that they had five beams of the same size equally spaced,
to span ratios of 0.1, 02, and 0*3 were used, and for each of
span and width and subjcct to the standard highway truck load
ing. Tho resulting maximum values wore plotted and tho plots
unless the face of the curb was 2 ft outside the edge beam,
it v/as pointed out that tho error thus Introduced was negli
(21, p. l4).
traffic are present should be, when tho outer load is:
k = , (1)
+ .U2L/(10 YTT)
38
S ^ (2)
it..4o + .2ivtiovir)
In these equations,
values for both the slab and beams, but particularly for the
slab are uncertain because of the usual variability of the
modulus of concrete, because of the lack of homogeneity in a
crown wns provided in the roadway. The edge of the slab was
located at the outer edge of the flange of the outer beam, and
no curb was provided. Thus, the amount of concrete acting as
areas.
in several other papers (23* 2l(., 2$, 26} In one, the design
to
k a S/^.5 (3)
(2i|.}. One of these was that the slab acts as a very effective
beam strains was much closer for the 15 ft models than for
(26).
During the time since the University of Illinois project
levered side spans. This bridge vias imusual in that when the
r i 1 I 1
\
1,
1'
L
ii
A
s5
B
v5 ,
C
1S T*
,|,>s ,|
D E
^
1
4
^r-r-rTTTT~ 1 1
P
r
-<uj_L JJi^
^-rT-rrrrrrrrrrrrT-. -i-rnT
a)Load distribution to beams b)Moment dtaqrams for beams
Fiq 6
U3
slab.
the variation of load along all the girders was the same. As
quite different.
that.
with the results of all the other tests and analyses reviewed.
Concrete S S
0.0 5.0
- - - *
that they be designed for a live load not less than that
significant quantities.
1^8
special training,
A. Basic Procedure
mm
/^CA
a) t b) Sfep 2
I A
'i i
Mf
7 ' / /: / / / '
+
iO ^
^BB R ^
^AC kef
c) S/ep 2, CO/?'/ c/) 3'fep 2 , coni
T-1T
i
/
7 /7 //
/ '/ ' / t 7' / '/ /
i \p ^ "Ra 'a '
^AO 'I^BD P
Ra = ^AA"*" "^^AC^^AD J
f) Finct/ vafues
B* Assumptions
tions are made. It will be seen that these are all either in
tions.
tributed sinusoidally.
composite sections.
amallor than usual. Por some such structures the use of the
should become one, for instance, roughly half the load would
than 2.
cases outside the limits suggested, but this has not yet been
done.
used.
1* Slf^n convention
ness and had four beams equally spaced. Influence linos for
r - i . (W
given by
A = (6)
"max 48 EI
also.
(8b)
In which, at r = 1/2,
t2
^''max "" ~^max ^2 *
And,
58
~ ^max (10b)
in which,
<^raax = max-^
TT EI
It la convenient to lot
^ ^ (12)
/T-^CI
<f, = , (13)
width
E
Esia = -fa" '
and pulls the slab alon^j v/ith it. The resulting tensile force
sinusoidally, in turn.
v/hen the deflections of the beam and slab are made equal at
the oenter they are not exactly equal at other points. This
^Ae~-^AB ^ i \ a
^0B t)uf r.3
77-
aa - vv.
'BB^B
. .3 ^&7
^BB, = - R44^
bL
{dr-ar^)
4aai,
kVi
bb'^B
sin nr /
^BBf ~ ^BB " ^0B"B
TT ^BB
b) Forces on beann B. c/) Oef/ections of beam B,
FORCES AND DEFLECTIONS
CONCENTRATED FORCE AT CENTER OF BEAM B
F/O. B
6l
For the central strip these parts become the maximum values
bridges considered.
62
a) Load or A
*5 'RbL ... J
b) Load ai B
^ar ~ ^ar^n
-R^L^ r ^PC JJ
"^BC :-^_ - " ^cr
CC Of
"C
'^SEL
7-
"^C >1^
c ) Load ai C
1-.
I
r-
I
II
ci
of) Load ai D
+
^BA . ^BA^BB
^BA^DB
BA^C
+ 1
i^da^'B^. ^DA^DO
^DA
c) Reacfion applied at D
s? * / V II
%^o/r
d) Final condition
a) B ond D removed
+ .L
t ,
^BC^PO
W.Jc
k
! a 2
b) Reaction applied of B
\3y/Dc<^c
T^
^DC Zoo
c) Reaction applied at D
4
d) Final condi-/ion
Ja <fc
- ^ -f-
\_z'qb
No^e: O*
o) Unii"' load or 3
^^4-
1L
Note:
in Pig. 12b.
pt3
= -"BA <5B = 95-EfX * "BA^DB ^ "DA^'BD-
rf. ^ ^ 1 (20)
^BA EIa^^ 2N
-AA = - ^ ^
3w
w =s - - . DA (23)
Oil 2 2
^CC ^ ^ ^29)
When it is applied at D,
follows
.''dp ^ (38)
wba EI.^ ( 2M
, 5L3 ^ , IM - in - z'
m) , (39)
2N
w w
- -OA -f IDA (Uo)
'AA 2 2
DD ) ,
w,BC 3 -W(" LL? W^DD (i|.2)
J8^ EIc^^" 2N
^ b ) .^DD (il.3)
..W(
^DC'
(ii4)
2 2 '
w 3wDC
wCC B (i+5)
2
same load.
section.
6. Final values
forces.
E. Detailed Procedure
and letters*
73
= rL
-R.
"R.
-R
c
Mf- = R^ L (2r) S/n rrr
4- 77^
Ar = - RJ if Or- 4r^) - y^c<^c S/n TTr
-R^
W =" '^OB '^^oc * ^oo)
D
Mp zz RoIi.(^r) -s/'/? rrr j
Aq ~ -Rptf C3r-4r^) s/n rrr
^^etTo
1 and 2,
^ "* etc.,
Calculation Sheet 3*
w L3 ,/dd ,
*BA ^ N ^
Sheet
Calculation Sheet
Shoot 6.
P. Example Analysis
axle loads side by side on the "a" and "d" lines defined in
JLL
a
, ^slab ^siub
7-pr t
n.o._ 1
^32 \ a H
<
VI
u '^0
i
E^TER/OR B E A M S , A AND D
-2
No. D/MENSfONS Ar a i y. g I
(so.o )e [ lao
I Cs. o/ ) a 40. / O 4.33 76 9
43.S(Z- zsf//2 /a
A. Z.SS(tS.3t) 43.S 6.50 263 z. ta 795
/2.5Cz.f3)^/fZ 5
3 2./s(s.aa) /^.5 6.S6 82 z. /a 59
/o.e(s.zs)^//a /O
J-.ZS/'J.J/) /o.e 9.2S /OO 4^.87 250
Ccf/cu/ctfion Sheet 3
Bridge: 25 f t
SfG/D lb
Quonfifies occurring in equations 20-27
From Fig, i2'
2' - '^A ,'ic, <Ss- n.oeQo)-^ 7.4-bOor^ /6.S2O0r^ -
By ecfuotion /9
^ = (Zoo-^cfo)(Z0B = [(47J2Xi46^) -(i 3of](/0) =
= (699.3 -t.7)(/0)'^ = J697_6f^22,~^
2/V = Z(697.6)(I0)''^ = t39S.2(lor^
t
79
Cafcu/a/mn Sheef- 4-
Bridc^e - 25 ff
Sfep Ic ^
^iC>yj^p(dgf Jp<3d5_ on sfub c.aus^d b>y_ P = t ^pphed:
A f beam A,
Y^Do^'^Df-'i-'nD)^ 7.4e(/oY^(45.8a)(id\t :,Arf,n\-^
_/ 7.4SOor^(-/3.54)OoTj
( 43r^ / ^V /3950OT ^ -
~~ ~( ^ O . S 6 ) 0 o f = t L 5 3 0 o \ ^
Af beam G,
, ^ / \{2,'pO*-'^0'^i'BD)^ 5.05(i0r^(t.y.0Z](l0)-i ,
^ac
f^-~l43/ErJ ' BN "-' /39S00)'6 " " ^
- f^)(to)^:^ (0.3Z'0.83)(I0T^ f
Af beam Dj At beam 3,
t^'oA = ^O.73(/0r^ iA/Aa=-t^oc-
Wqp =m/c>?- * 0. /^OO)'^ i^ae-^cc -f-3-41(iQ)"^
(A/ *cO " 2, /O) tA/ 'cB ^BC ~ ~ ^'
t^OO- i-59(/o)'^ t/v'oe - i^/'ac = f-o.09(i0r^
Ca/cu/ation sheet 5
Bria/ge- 25 -ft
Loddi E-4-OOO-i
cr arte/ c/ /inc.s
Arrangennenf of /octd:
S2 J
3//&
(7) ' @ (?)
^ /z \ /^ ^
7-J
" i t
5"
^ :3&^8 e
^ /? 5^6 >-i
C O
3" /ep 2a
/NPLONC ORO/nates
L oad /n -y / /N F L UEMCa ORDfNAre
No S PA/^ /S ; ^ A __
Step Zb
Temporary Reactions
Load
No "AMOUNT ^a . ... -.. ". u
Calculation shoet 6
B r i d ' 2 5
Load: 2-4000-1
Step 2c a and d lines
3/^t/so/oy^L Forces on B : a m s f pp> f max.
1
- R^ I A mount
* - - -
Step 2d
M O M E N T S , S T R E S S E S ^ S r ^ R A / z ^ s ^ AJ\JD D F L c T / o r ^ s
M,=R^L/'^ J ; M = M, ^ Mz
BE A M
A a C D
X f\/tf ip Z_S'f ^/3e>.z ^S44.G ^ / 23,4.
\ /V/ ip
/; /4.0
V- 4.3
^ /6./ - 73,7 -f- 44.1
V- /52.3 ^270.9 ^172.5
0 TM
L - 300 in. 42 73 i 14-
= M, (2,r) M2sm nr
BE.Atyi ,
PofNT 2r Sin rrr
II
.,-,.,, - - -
-
= A, (3r-4r^) + As sin 77 r
Pot NT y r=:ij/i_
4
5
/5g,
37. 5
75, ^
,
p. 500
/P5
.250
6 '375
I
S fep
Mome^
Along
Def ' L E c
Co Icu/af/on she'ef 7
S Br/c/g': 25 f i
Loctd- 2' 4000~/
Moments, Stresses^ and a and d
Alo/^g the B e a m s
"e'sses in
ps/\ /M! strains in OOT^ in. per in.
Beam C Beam O
r) M^sinX Mr M, (2r) ! Ms s/n i Mr
LM . i ^st
'73.1 ^ ^2703 75e0 I 258
1 ^IZ8.4\ ^
, ^/72.S 6 6 6 0 i 227
;.5 -3/.^ I ^ 65./ /aao i 63 ; / 3G.0 ! i- /8.9 ^ 5'f .8 i 2 / / 0 i 72
?. -53.7 \t -h IZS.5 ssoo I //9 J f- 66.8 ^ 32.2 I / ^^.o ja20 1 /30
9 -6<9.5: s^oo\ /<9^ ji / 9 7 5" ^4t.O \ f /33,S ^S. 50 1 /es
I !
I 1 1
t t i
1 1
1
1
!1 !i , .. .
1
.1
jf/eciton^. m inches.
Beam B Beam C BE^ M D
A,ex. 1 Apsin Af^ AjCi Ap sin ! A r k A,ct IAsin Ar
^ \ ' i
03 -0.092\ -0.0/3 - 0 . /05 -0.232 -t 0.060 \ -0./72 -o./2a o. 05^ - 0.182
0^ - .034^1 - .005 - .039 - .085 0.023 j - .002 .0^7 .OZi - .0^8 -
method.
T/heols and less than half by the inner ones. While a rela
been done in the analyses for which the results aro reported
aubsequontly.
design of slabs for moment has boon used (1, p. 170) For
ek
(50)
length
85
Q) ,e sH (-3
/G
T~T--i -r 3_
36 '<3 ^..sexfs ^
/9% /9
B )
52
-H
5/e/3 2 a
In f l u e n c e o n o t n a t e s
Lo/\o / n ^/ ! /NFLUEr^CE OROtNATE
No Span oc ^/s ! f^A t^B
/ BC 73f 0J89 V0.0G2 -0.904 -o./ee -f 0.030
2 BC \j-^g3o -_.J6Q - .90<f- .062
3 CP a. 69 .225 I ' . O Z / J2^ - .96/ - ./^2
4- CD 32.69 .646 1 - . OiO h .060 - .24^ - ,eo6
Step 2b
Te m p o r a r y Re a c t / o n s
Load
No , A m o u n t J^ a
- _
/ -2000 - /24 -t-isoa -f- 376 - 60
2 -2000 - 60 i- 3 7 6 -h /6oe - 124-
- r -
1 A MOUNT
- _ i
^A ^c
Step 2d
Momentsy Stresses j Stra/hsj and 0flcr/o/^s
M,:: M^-'WL^/tt^ ; M = M,
Beam
a ' _C D
X Mf ip .Z..P,P. J - / 2 9 . 8 ^322,0
ip V- 13. 9 J'_J4'h_ _-_69.e h 42.0
M ip V- 5.! 144,4- y- 2BZ.2 *-/68.7
^sf psi BOO 4030 105 O 65JO
7 J37 ^39 222
A/ in. ^0.009 -0.032 - 0. 228 -0./33
A s it ^A - . 0 / 7 - .0/2 h .057 - .05!
A in\ - .ooa - J04- - J7I - ./84
Correc/ing for disfribufion^L^-dOin.,
87
IV. TESTS
bridges were designed and built before the testin,^ project was
The bridges tested are all alike in some ways. Each has
1. Illfihway bridges
the same curb dimensions, and the same crown, Pig. li].. The
spans are 1^.1,2$ ft and 71*25 and the beam sizes are
89
j O -O Roadway
_^0'i 3'-6 Ve
i^I 5vmmvtrtcaf abottf
^^ * \ ' ^
16 i \^'
9''-s{:r 9'-Si'r
For 7/.25
^ I
trr
LONGIT'JDINAL 3ECrjON
HfOHiA/AY BR/DG3
fig. /4
( I
JO'-O /loc7c/ivay
. z^-
Symmvtncal about ;to r-| \
I VO
'. -v
i
r/V^ > "''A'J <:"J<^".Y'"v>'
' .I'r.'.v .;.-r^'Vx.^>L--^>',- >V ^ i ft' '.v^.. a. />^^-A.o :v Q-.<V.o\6-
,3'
;5 r5J--9 , z SVzx 4x^/6
'?.ic'r sncrion AT
I
-7--
, /
/
.L..
span:
l^'- 0' !S'~0' rr ~V/2 ' 71.25'
14'-3' 13' -e 41.25'
ONGIVJOINAL SECTION
HIGHIA/AY BRIDGE3
fig. /4
I
90
Tlie plates at one end can slide to provide for expansion and
not constant.
moments.
2. Laboratory bridges
These two bridges have the same roadway width, 10 ft, the
same curb dimensions, and the same crown. Pig. 1$, These
to* Roadivay
O "
5/a %2
<; '
/;>6 !\3'/6/ " ! z'^e"
lUir.
10-4- C 5A
25' G c e.z
I to 4C5.4, Lf'/^
: PS'-'*'6 0 a.Z, Ll'/4-xiy^>
5 /8 3'- 2 v e 3'- e^/a" ^ J*- 29a"
TRANSVERSE SECTION
-> J r . r
J
longitudinal section
LABORATORY BRIDGES
FIG. 15
X
//
2 le 5"
f
^ \[^ is'A"
eezBZTi
H
4C5.4, L/'/f X /'A ^ '/a
/o- 0.135
-5^
Shesi
! e s - e c a.2, Li'/^^i'/^^^/e
// KSSufl^ZZS
_ 3'-2^/e"
1 "
Z averape
ctveta^e
section l2Bf6.5
Cut down //
r/y 25 Span
D^tait^ of Exterior Beams
[
wm^m
\.q:.i V
.9 ^ ft
5'-o" 'J c
3 -4
DN
SECTION AT END
RATORY BRIDGES
FIG, 15
I
9h
tho extremes for which this type of bridge might be used. The
slabs were made relatively thin, 2-3/l6 and 2-l/lj. in., in line
about the same as in the highway bridges, but the beams were
what from design sizes. The as-built sizes are shown in Pig.
near the bottom. The cover is 7/l6 in. to tho center of the
and ground stoel pins 5/8 in. in diameter at each end. They
the same dead load strains and to obtain dead load deflections
was dono to seat the reaction rods and to increase all initial
would not cause actual reversals but would leave oach net
tion of the weight was not the same for tho two bridges. The
loads obtained from the jacks, 100,000 lb and 105000 lb, did
not a.'^^reo . ith that obtained from tho scale v/eigliings. The
totals did agree. The resulting axle loads and the critical
it was moving along tlio "a" lino its outer tiros woro tight
the truok when in position along oaoh in turn are shown in Pig.
17* The numbered lines ran across tho roadway and represented
was moved along one of the lettered lines. Normally the truck
VO Q)
/ *' t"
^4-/o/d^\^4-/0/a" f^'-O
. 71. es f^ N
S 41.25 fr^ E
f\fT\ r\f^ r\c\ c\f\ (\r\
0 @
Wheel loads for 5 f i heighi /o c. o/" <y
CROWN FRACTION OF 32^000 LB AXLE
LOAD EFFECT, AXLE LOAD
LfN IN. ' /NTR/Ofi\ EXTERIOPt INTERIOR XTR/0R
C fC/ 0.44- ,f9S .505 i6,ieo
H/GHWAY BRIDGES
LATERAL P03/TI0N3 OF TRUCKS^
EFFECT OF CROfA/N ON WHEEL LOADS
FIG. 17
99
along tho "b" line and stopped with the rearmost axle at the
"2" line.
On the l|.l ft bridge a few stops were made v/ith tho front
"a", as "b-2a", etc. Also on the 1^.1 ft span, most of the runs
were made v/ith the truck headed North, but a few were made
less than half on the inner wheels. The amount of the chango
^^
Front _
^2B.7f ^ /7.2/
"1
c)'0 0 s
/B.e3
(l 1
34.30 //.70
QO n
f 0.63
f6,3l
Ql
f /7. /7
@ I
3, as
^9.63
f
7f. 25
7t.25 FT BRtDOE
LONG/TUD/NAL POS/T/ONS OF TRUCK
FIG. IB
101
a/
Front Fr o n t
>J9 to.4S. a./6
[ QQ Qia
I 0 f 3o-S
/0.3f
@
/ /9.55 6./9 tZAC>
ii!Q. QQ
f I"
oe ]
3-S
_/5.55_
on.1 I I
f /o.j/.
] f 2o-5
/.oq
3.ss /7^0 .
Old
" ' "q I Q
f /4.6s
0 ! 2-S
/.08
<r/.^5
QQ
^/Q-3/
f 1
/o-5
^a./6^
'1
da
/-s
BRIDGE
LONGITUDINAL POSITIONS OF TRUCK
F/6, 19
102
wei/r^t was obtained. The trucks wero weighed empty and each
bar was woi;^hed as it was added to the load. Tho total weight
the bars used. The capacity of the tires is such that a load
and 21. As in the highv/ay bridges the crown caused more than
103
N
FROf^T
fO-0
a) fO FT BRIDGE
0
9
4-
b) es FT BRIDGE
LABORATORY BRIDGES
LONGITUDINAL POSITIONS OF TRUCKS
FIG, 2 /
105
C. Instrumentation
23, 2lj., 27 and 28. In the field tests speed in taking readings
"K" unit. The numbers of those include the prefix "A", Pij^s.
"K" unit.
D. Tost Procedure
Tlie test procedure was essentially the sanie for all the
brld)?,03. After the load was iTepared and the instruments were
in place and ready to operate the truck (or trucks) was posi
tioned along ono (or more) of tho lettered linos, but Just off
along tr.e line, stopped at the various numbered lines, and for
the truck was moved off tho spon and a final set of no-load
After the readings were made they v/ere converted into not
in^js from the various readin/.is taken with tho load in place.
with no load on the bridt^e and that made v/hen the load was in
place.
107
N ^
H
Id J Typical
Q>7
I .\ /r-N
<:h2) ' \ ' \ 1 N
@ '
On K Unii-
At to in. 6 of ^ (Diaphragms are of <L)
E2 7?77T
-,^Jy
Af S> H. W. of t
Typical Dimensions
/o go^es
71, AS FT BRIDGE
STRAIN GAGE LOCAT/ONS, /.
F/G. 22
108
N^
/3 Typical
(5o) ^ (37 (39)
On Au^omai/c Recorcfer
>4_ 43-
On K Unit
At IT '- e " W. of t
4 a"
- * - <
2M3144
we)
4-^ >-^
1-^3147 //i
Bearing \
E/eva-f-fon Section
At IV. EncJ
71.25 FT BR/DGE
STRAFN GAGE LOCATIONS, A.
FIG. 23
109
0
@
4er/
W 0- "
At Loa n s. of t
4l\
TX X '
^ '"^r
'^19) (g) () (^ @
At 5./e fi N. of t Ai 10,31 ft N of t
Elevation Secfion
N. End
i<fJ) (if
i
TZZA X
Zr'Z <D
'\r
/e
Typical Dimensions
>=?/ A/. Diaphragms to Ga^es
-?/. ^5 FT BRiDGE
5TRA/N GAGE LOCATIONS
F/6. 24
E W
9"
9U O ,8'/0^aQ /7-9\'
ry
Beam Beam
6a N Exf. D 5 6
_/V Int^ a /O
5 Inf. /2
S Ext //
M
O
Elevct^ion
%
Cross-secf ion lO in. E. of Center
IL 25 FT BRIDGE
PEPLECTION GAGE LOCATIONS
FtG. Z5
/
N
c:
KP-^
I
F B EARN
lO IO*'3^/4h 15-5%^
E. Exi^' 2 6 D 7 3 20
. Inf. 21 12 IS /9 C
IV. Inf. /6 a
W. Erf. 17 A
Elevafion
^ ' 5g
//yy/yyyy/////y77^
9/3- 9/4> V/3 V// vVc? V9
X h: X
2 2 ! 2 2
^ >-* - ->i
Cross-secfion of Center
41.25 FT BRIDGE
DEFLECTION GAGE LOCATIONS
F/G. 2G
On rods: B^afrt: far,\/Vear Far\ Near far\^ Near Beam: Far Near
,v 0 C70 uf //7. / / a
S3 C E. Infer-ior ^6^67 ^ 70^i^9, Be__&4;65 aSjee
25^ 26 B W. Inferior 3^3& 39^3ej 37_ i?. SO^ 3J
2 A W. Exterior ft,J2 f5 /3 9,^ to A _ 23j24
! s 14 ^N
11
Ip-* 36
tt
i
Lower gage^i ^ 4/ i46/f4 73\7SJ6, toa\ 112
1
W ,
^4 ' ' 1
t 1 t ..^.T .1 - -T.-
4- t 4. -I- -I-
Baam A \ . 3
Typ/ca/
Section
25 FT BRIDGE
STRAIN GAGE LOCATIONS
Fie. 27
Beam: On rocfs f^ear Par\ Near Fan Near On I rods
IV Exterior n tz /3 s\to 22\ 25
W. interior 3^'35 3Q.37, 36 32X33
4a'^9 5SL 60 63,6^2, ej 57;, 5Q
Exterior 3SJ8^ Sp\ 3/ 90^ 39
- i-
ia ^ la
- r
\
1 ( 1
4 5 a /5 20 2/ A
26 . 27 23 3/ 39 B
C. 50 5i 52 56, 55 64. 69 70 _c_
O JS 76 77
79/ 78 36 a? as D
Eievat ion w
Dioph ra<fm : N.\ 5. a/. [ s. N.\ s. N:S.Ni5. N.\5.
Upper (ja(fe: /e, 6
' 4q 29
-
43j 6^ 53-- J* Jk . . .
6SI
Loi/uer ja^e: te. 7 ^6 t 42. 30 66. f * A
67; 54
4
W
? r "T"
V ///"
! /^ I /q. H" '
-4-
i4%j^i4^Ar!^
Beam A
Typica/
Section
to FT BfiiDGE
STRAtN GAGE LOCATfONS
Fie. 28
N
For: U
fO ft bridtfe:
25 ft bridge:
45
112.5'
/5
37.5'
J!9l t
75 75'
Beam :
, Exferior D > 5 j2
. Inferior C 10
lA/. Inferior B n 3
l/V. Exferior i2
E,le\/ation
W
Cross-secf/on of Center
MODEL BRIDGES
DEFLECTION GAGE LOCATIONS
FIG. 29
115
V. RESULTS
span.
or near midspan.
1|. in. center to center with the outer wheel 8 in. from the
116
a'^,ainst the curb. These are outside the specified position and
tained from test data are circled or, if a correction has been
used.
A. Predicted Results
tory ones.
influence linoo drawn for the followin,'^ loads. The load posi
I],. Tv/o 8000 lb tandem-axle trucks side by side, ij.0 in. center
118
included.
these figures.
to the influence lines for two trucks shows that this position
in every case and causes either the maximum or very nearly the
the same, but the two tandem axle loads were not replaced by a
single axle load equal to the sum of the two. The deflections
one "T-lS" is shown for each beam, Pigs. 63, 65, 67 and 69.
B. Test Results
roadln^,3. Tho ori-^inal data from all the toots will bo found
from the longitudinal centerline, Fi^^s. 22, 23, 21^., 27, and 28.
the tension flange, and that the average of the two values can
ouch sets.
strain dia grams such as those in Kij^s. 6l|. and 66. This is
supported.
proach zero at the ends of the beams but reverses direction and
were no restraint.
30c. T?iie same moment was assumed to exist at the opposite end.
the original dia'^ram upv/ard until the end moments v/ere reduced
12li.
able, but tho tests with two trucks were incompleto, so super
used did not include all the ones needed for the superposition
K I
EI ^ JO f 232
X I
I
4GG
/9'S it
620
/4^!S
37
6.V3
T S
c
/05 \.^e^ /?>d /9./S /.so
a) E/ex/ai^/on and prop&riies o-f beam.
200
s > /OO
-/CO
b) Obser\/ed sf rains.
2.37
-a59">jk..o.e^
c) Observed strams converted /o momenf- diagram.
c
3.23
|5
0.27
d) Correc ted mom en / c/ia<^ram.
iS n?
L" too
VI
I "is ^
(0<
e) Corrected strains.
EXAMPLE or CORRECTION OF OBSERVED STRAfNS
41.25 FT BRIDGE. INTERIOR BEAM
TRUCK AT ''a-2^
Fie. 30
126
T'iS -
Qi - 0 6
AASHO
a) interior bearn, C.
-.02
C -.04
AASHO
fli -06
T-/5\"
Q -,oa
b) xter/or beartn, D,
o Circied points ore from tests,
Comp uted by proposed mettiod.
to FT BRIDGE
/NFLUENCE L/NES FOR OEFLECT/ONS AT M/DSPAN
ONE 4-000 LB AXLE AT LtNE
F/G. 3/
127
Beam: A
T o
p- 400
1 AASHO
r-/ ---...
1
> 300 i
vo
I '
O
^ 200 i.
N 1
.c
5 too ii I '
<0 I i
o
t 1
1
o) inferior beam, C.
(T'lS^ 477}
AASHa
Q 300
b) Exferior beanij O.
o Circied poinfs ore from fesfs,
Computed by proposed method.
to FT BRiOGE
INFLUENCE LINES FOR STRAINS AT MIDSPAN
ONE 4000 LB AXLE AT LINE 5 *
FtG, SZ
128
Longitudinal position of trucks: line 5 {See Fig.Zt)^
Lateral positions of center of space between trucks,
One truck on each o-f lines (See Fic^. 20)
(5?5) (c
Q
Beorry: A
I
o.o
% -02
>.
V.
U
V
Q>
-.06
T-15 ^
-.oe -1 ? ^AASHO
a) Interior beam^ C.
o.o
C - 02
.0
-'04
A AS HO
--06
(T-15 -.095)
-.oe --f
h) Exterior beamy D. i
Beam: A
A AS HO
^iS, 606)
t:
*
N
<0
Q
K
.c
V.
"s
(0
h) Exterior beam, O.
o Circled points are from tests.
Compafed by proposed method.
10 FT BPIOGE
INFLUENCE LINES FOR STRA/NS AT MI05PAN
TWO 4000 LB AXLES 40 /N. C. TO C. AT LINE 5 *
F/Q. 3^
130
Longitudinal position of load: tine 4- (See Fiq.B!)*
Lateral positions of load: (See Fig.20)
D
Beam: A
T T D
r -.04
-.06
C -.05
Q -./O
I ' T-/5
(AASHOf -.127)
-./2
a) inferior beom, C.
c -.0^
r 06
< -.08
s:-./o /iA5 H 0 - r - -
Q -,12 r -r
b) Exferior becrm, O.
o Circled po/nfs ore from tests.
Compu-ieoi by proposed/ mefhtod.
10 FT BR/DGE
/NFLUENCE LINES FOR DEFLECTIONS ^T Ml OS PAN
ONE SOOO LB TANPEM-AA'LE TRUCK AT LINE 4-^
F/G. SS
131
Beann
I I
eoo
(AA5H0, QSei
\ 700
%600
VO
1 soo
O
N. 400
>
c
SCO
*
D
I
zoo
too
"fc
CO
o) infertor beam, C.
ft-ls, ss^i f t
^ASHO
^ 600
300
b) Exterior bearnj D.
o Circied points are from tests.
Computed by proposeci metiiod.
iO FT BRiDGE
iNFLUENCE LiNES FOR STRAINS AT MID5PAN
ONE eOQO LB TANDEM-AXLE TRUCK AT LiNE 4'
FIG, 36
132
Lonc^ifudina/ position of trucks litiG 4- (Sgg Fig. "2/)^
*
T-tS
AASHO -
~./6
i I
a) Inferior beam^ C.
-.04
-.06
-.OB
i fi
AASHO -r-
-./e Cr^iA^rJSS)
b) Exfer/or heam^ D.
o Circled po/nts are from tests.
Computed by proposec/ method.
to F T B R /D6E
INFLUENCE L/NES FOR DEFLECT/ONS Ar fvflDSPAN
TWO aOOO LB TANDEM-A^LE TRUCKS
40 tN. C. TO C. AT LINE ^ *
F/G, 37
133
Loncjifudinal position of frucks //ne 4^ ( Sgg Fig. 2/)^
Lafercy/ positions of center- of apace bettveen trucks,
One truck on eoch of /me^: | (See Fig. SO)
B Got m i /4
i 1
C
lOOO (AAS^HO, /0041
T-/5
200 - L
a) fnferror becrm^ C.
(T-ts, /3/2) ;
AASt^o ;
b) Exf^rtor bQam^ O.
o Crrc/cd points are from tests.
Com pa ted by proposeoi method.
10 FT BRiDGE
INFLUENCE UNE3 FOR STRA/NS AT MiDSPAN
TWO eooo LB TANDE!^" AXLE TRUCKS
iN. C. TO C. AT LINE 4-*
FIG. 38
131).
Q
r
Beam: A
T I T
o
o.o
i ' j
. -.02 1 1 (1 !!
^ -.(3^ 1 i1 !1
^ L.i_
.0 11 : !i
< -.oa 1 1 < >
S' -,fO 1 ! : ^
: i
^ -.A?
! 1 ii !; 11 1 i ''
! i ^ 1 I
i i i 1
j (AASH0r.l77) \ r-/5 J
-./6
c -.oa M ' i 1
i 1
!
*
-./6
(T- ISrrSI't^) AASHO-
b) Exferior beorm, D.
o Circfed poinfs ore from tests.
Computed by proposed method.
25 FT BRIDGE
/NFLUENCE LINES FOR DEFLECTIONS M IDS PAN
ONE 4000 LB AXLE AT LtNE 5*
FIG. 39
135
^ J
Longifucfrna/ posif-ion of loao/: /ine 5 (See Ftg.2/)
Latera/ positions of /oao/: (See Fig, 20)
Line ' ~
A ASHO
T-15 T
o) tnter/'or beam, C
b) Ex-her/or bearnj O,
o Circ/od points ore from t-ests.
Computed by proposed method.
25 FT BRIDGE
INFLUENCE LINES FOR STRAINS AT MID5PAN
ONE 4000 LB AXLE AT L/NE S *
Ft(j. 40
136
Beam:
T
A
\ f
> -08
ao
S
>
c:
0 '.oa
i. -.12
>
-./6
(b AASHO
-.so
-.24 CT-tSt-.zy
b) Exfer/or beam. D . % ^
Q: u-J 1 t ! '
Beam: A
T f
300
200
/SO
/oo
so
300
2SO
A AS HO
800
/SO
too
so
b ) E x ft e r ti o r b e a m , O-
o C/rc/ed points are frorn tests.
Corn pa tec/ by proposeo! method.
25 'FT BRfOGE
INFLUENCE LINES FOR STRAINS AT MID5PAN
T W O 4 0 0 0 L 3 AXLES 4 0 IN. C. TO C. AT L I N E 5 *
FI6. 42
\
138
Longituofina/ position of load: fine 4- fSee Fi^.B!)*
Lateral positions of load: (See Fig. BO)
()j2)
Q
B EO/77: A
T T T
AASHO
a) Interior beam, C.
AASHO
rr-/5. -.4
b) E x f e r i o r beartn^ D.
o Circled po/nfs ore from tests.
Comp uted by proposed method.
eS FT BRIDGE
INFLUENCE LINES FOR DEFLECTIONS ^T MIDSPAN
ONE 6000 LB TANDEM-AXLE TRUC^ AT LINE 4-*
FIG. 43
139
Long'fi-uof/na/ position of /ocrd: line. 4- CSeG Fiq.2l)^
Lateral positions of load: (See Fig. SOI
@($) @
G
Beam: A
T T T
o
AAiHO
mOO T-\IS
o) Infer/or beam, C.
- - h- 4V-
CT'/S, S45)
I AASHO-
0 too ~
b) Exferior bearrtj O.
Circ/ed points ore frorn tests.
Computed by proposed method.
2S FT BRIDGE
INFLUENCE LINES FOR STRAINS AT MW^PAN
ONE aoOQ LB TANDEM-AXLE TRUCK AT L/NE
^FIG, 44-
iko
Loncfifud/naf position of irucKs' line ^ (S gg Pi<j. 2/)^
La^era/ /oositions of cenf-er of space teftveen trucks.
One trucM on eoch of /ines' (See Fig. EO)
Q a
Beam: A
1 D
; I
0.0
r-/s
AASHO
-.5
a) Inferior boam^ C.
AA5HO
b) Exfer/or hearn^ D .
o Circled po/ n t s a r e from tests.
Computed by proposeo/ meihod.
25 FT BR/D6E
INFLUENCE LINES FOR DEFLECTIONS AT MID5PAN
TIVO eooo LB TANDEM" AXLE TRUCKS
40 IN. C. TO C. AT LINE 4-'^
FIG. 4 5
ihi
Lonqifudina! position of irucKs I/nG (SGG Fig. 2f)^
Lcjfercrf positions of center of space betiveen trucks.
One truc/< on each of /inesz (See Fig. SO)
Becfm: A
I
600
11 AA^HO -| i-|
SOO 1 r-/5 J-U
.c i 1
V <fOO ! ;
.c' : ; ! t
vO 300 i i i 1
I i !
i ! I
00
fOO
0
V.
O
CO
a) fnferror beam^ C.
(T'/S,* 6^)
\
*
t:
\ AASHO
.t
VO
$
.C
V
5
(0
b) Exterior b G a m , D-
o Ctrc/ed points are from tests.
Corn pa tect by proposed/ met hoc/.
25 FT BP/DGE
INFLUENCE UNE3 FOR STRA/NS AT Ml0.5P^N
rtvo aooo LB TANDEM-AXLE TRUCKS
40 /N. c. TO c. AT LINE ^ *
r/G, 46
Longitudinal position of truck- t/ne 2 (See Fi<j, /9J*
Lateral positions of truck- (See Fiq. 17)
0 0 0 r @
9
Beam: A
I T T
T-/S
f
AAS HO
-.3
a) inferior heamj C.
-t-J
. 0.0
.c
f-./
0
i! -.2
Q)
Q -.3
AASHO
-.4 -
(r-is. -.^17)
L j^q:
b) Exterior beam^ D,
Cornputed by proposed method.
o Points from tests, os read^
Points from testsj corrected.
4l.es FT Bf^tDGE
INFLUENCE LINES FOR DEFLECTIONS AT M IDS PAN
ONE TRUCK AT LINE 2 *
F/G. 47
llt.3
Beam:
T
A
T T T
300 (AASHO, 367) (T-J5J 3/5)_
200
t
p
/OO
I
<0
a) Inferior hectm . C.
\(T'/S,493)
'AASHO-\-
.c
s,
.Q 200
o /OO
f
CJ
V.
<0
-/OO
b) Exterior heaym^ O.
Computed by proposed mett)od.
o Points from tests, as read.
H Points from tests, corrected.
4/. 25 FT BRfDGE
/NFLUENCE L/NES FOR STRy^/\fS M/DSPAN
ONE TfiUCH AT LINE Z*
F/G. 43
ikk
f
L.
Beam: A
T t
/S
AA5HO
a) Inferior beam, C.
A AS HO -
(T-iS, -,530)
SJ Exterior beam, D,
Computed by proposed method.
o Points from tests, as read. ) By interpo/ation
Points from tests, corrected.j and superposition.
4l.e5 FT BR/DOE
INFLUENCE LINES FOR DEFLECTIONS AT MlDSPAN
TWO TRUCKS fO FT C.TO C. AT LINE 2 *
F/G. 45
HtS
aj
Beam: A
i
T 1. T
soo
,c: AASHO
400 T-/3"
.C
vO
t 300
POO
0 fOO
V,
to
a) interior beam^ C.
(r-/5, eaa) ^
400
AASHO -r-m'
300
SOO
I
too
I
Ss.
<0 -/oo
b) Ejxfer/or beam, D,
Cornputed by proposed me/hod.
o Points from tests, as read, ) By /nterpo/ahon
)X Points from tests, corrected.j and superposition,
^/.25 FT BP/OGE
/NFLUE N C E . L /NS FOR STRA/NS AT MIDSPAN
TWO TRUCKS /O FT C. TO C. A T L I N E 2 *
FIG. SO
i
t
j
ll^6
Beam:
r
A
.C 0.0 \
11 -
^9
)
1.
[ !
\ i
% j
^ -.3 Li ! 1
-.4 -JU[M3Ho^j:j^eo) i.
a) Inferior bearn, C.
AASHO-
(T'lS.'/.O^fO)
b) Exi-erJor b^am , D.
Corpputed by proposed mefhod.
o Points from fe.sts, as read
Xi Points from tests^ corrected.
71.25 FT BRIDGE
/NFLUENCE L/NES FOR DEFLECTtONS AT M IDS PAN
ONE TRUCK AT LiNE 2.*
F/G, 5/
lit?
vo ZOO
==^
^ too
I O
a) Inferior beam. C.
(T'ls, 452)
AASHO
d 300
b) E^fertor beam^ O.
Computed by proposed method-
o Points f^rom tests, as read.
X Poinfs from fests^ corrected.
7 / .2 5 F T B R I D G E
INF L U E N C E LJNES FOR STRA/N3 AT IDS PAN
ONE TRUCK AT LINE 2l*
FtG. S2
l48
Bearnt A a D
O.O
a) Inferior beotm. C
0.0
-.4
^ -.6
.a
AASHO
HI
b) Exterior beam, D.
Connputec/ by proposed methoct.
o Points from tests, as read. ) By /nterpo/ation
)2( Points from tests, corrected.! and superposition,
7t.2S FT BRIDGE
INFLUENCE LINES FOR DEFLECTIONS AT MIDSPAN
TIVO TRUCKS /O FT C.TO C. AT LINE 2*
F /G, 53
349
Beam: A
T
AASfiO
T-/5
? 300
O 200
c: /oo
a) fnferior beam, C.
SOO
Cr-/5^ 575)
400
.i
vO 300 AASHO
I
5 200
.c
b /OO
V.
0~=^
b) Exier/or beam^ D.
Computed by proposed mefhocf.
o Points from tests, as road. ) By interpolation
W Poinfs from tests, corrected, f and superposition.
7/. 25 FT BR/DGE
/NFL U N C L / N E S FOR STR^/NS AT MIDSPAN
TWO T R U C K S /O F T C. TO C. A T L / N E 2 *
FIG.
1^0
Beam: A
O.O
-.OS
-./o
o) Truck on "o line. *'
O.O
-.05
. -.,o
b) Truck on "b^ //ne. *
<0
t o.o ^
0
-f.
0 -.OS
(b
^ c ) Truck on "c" fine. *
o.o
-.05
-JO
151
Beam: A
00 1 i
1
-.05
<
-JO \
-JS
a) Trucks on "cr and "d //n^s.^
11 I i
oo
ft )
c) Trucks on and l/n^s."^
* See F'igs, 20 i 2t
Connects points predicted by proposed method.
O Circled points are from tests.
lO FT BR/DQE
DEFLECTIONS AT CENTER OF SPAN
TWO TANDEM - AXLE TRUCKS AT LINE O-
Fi<3. se
152
Beam: A
o.o tf
.C
0
V
u
b) Truck on "6" //ne.*
1 1
o.o
'.a
c/) Truck on 'c/"///?. *
o C ireted points are frorn tests.
Connects joints precficted by proposed method.
See Figs. ZOtS} BR/DGE
pj.
Bectm: A
0.0 I
]
a) Trucks on a atnd d hnes.
o
"V
ts
<b
b) Trucks on "Z?" and "e"//Wes.
-.3
c) Trucks on and ^ lines
O Circ/ecf points are from fesfs.
Connects points predicted by proposed method,
^See Figs. 20 iZ! pr BRIDGE
DEFLECTIONS AT CENTER OF SPAN
TiVO TANDEM-AXLE TRUCf<S AT LiNE 4-
r/G, 56
isli.
Q earn I A
0.0
'I
-.2
-.3
-.4
a) Truck on a line.
0.0
.c:"
c:
0
*.
>
u -.2
<b
s:
(b
-.3 ?
b) Truck on "-6" fine. *
Becrm: A
%
c
VJ
O.O
i y
-./
X
*>
s 6
c: - , z > -
.0
VJ
'.3
Q)
Ci
Becrm:
-a
o) Truck on hne. ^
C
0
x I I
0,0
dj
Q -.2
-.4
-.6 ^
1 i
00
Becyrr?.' A
0.0
-.2
e
0 -.4
V
i.
u
d - 6
c:
(b
-.6
3-4-"
r\r\ o
Q Z l DUL 0
Load Line: @ 1 i
B eom: ^ C D
a) Cross"secfjon near center of span.
QO ^
5" 3' 7^
5 r//#
o -JO -
Ci -./5
AAS HO
Qj -./5
/a FT BRIDGE DEFLECTIONS
TANDEM' AXLE TRUCKS ON "a" AND "d "
Fie. 63
159
3-4
r\r\
Beam: A B C
Load LmQ' Q) iD
a) Cross -se^oiion near center of span.
60[, ^54 " ^36" ^ /a"^ ^ 60'
/000\ y>s^
f ' / S ~ A A S H O
.5; 800\ f~tS, moc/tfiecjy^^^ AASHO rnoc/iftect
\ for fanc/^m ^ tancfem ax/es.
.% _._! o^'*r/es.
t
400^
0 ^00\
: o Q
6) Stra/ns o/on^ beam C,
P 200
3'-4"
Q r ^iif V -rV
Beam: A
Loacf Line:
B
@ IC 0 D
a) Cross- seciion near confer of spcrn.
375 112.5
Proposed
t
i 3'-^"
< >
z-o
flo
Beam: A
T
B
Tc f
a) Cross-secfton near center of span.
o.o
f.OQ *
i; -./
c
-
I
^ -.3
QJ Proposed
AASHO
r:i
b) Oef/ections a/on^ beam C.
^eo'.ea /s.V6 i ^ to.'s/ . ^ s.'/6 ^ , s V g ^ i ^o'6i
o.o
f-' Pro
.0 AASHO
N.
<0
<b
C
*1^ -.3
Q
-.4'
/o-o 2'0"
r !
>X
i
r\/~\ i
Beam: A
1 I '
^ I
C
^D
a) Cross-seci^ion near center of span.
.c soo
\
1 i
j I
s <oo
AA5H0 iivtf-h
>0
1 300
Proposed' b - - -
N soo ^^T-IS with
r
0 ICQ \
( ) tandem axles. , A ^ I Ji
V,
-K 0
y \ a o ' " !
(0 ( ' I 1 if 1
1
11 ....
/. oaM-:;^>i 3.
_ ,. ^ ...L .{ -
1 : t
1 i
"100
b) Strains a/omy beam C.
^(0^31 ^j5.'/6^5.y6^
' iff' i ' f
500 r r r' " ^ ^^
AASHO ... J i.
yv/fh I
tandem ax/es.
^AS//0
Ji \
^ SOO
-/OO
10
JtiUriL
BGO/TH A
1 T
B
s ei r
O
<7) Cross-scc./-fon near center of Span.
0.0 . Cr)G)
.c
-.2
0'a
-.6
-.6
-j.o
to
I r""~E r
Beam: A B C, O
cy) Cro3S-secf/on near center of span.
C:
>
vO
V,
400 r
AASHO ^
AAASHO ) vvtfh
rr-l5J fandem
300
\
T-/5 ax/GS.
o
\
200
.e
N too I Proposed j
O ^
G)0
V) o'.83 ^^'.47 ^3.93 0
-too , L.
'fOO .
T-IS^-
300
/ r ^
0 /'
200 /'
f ^ ^ -AASHO wtf-h
.e d , fanc/crn o^tes,
N too
V,
/
'Proposed
V O
50
-lOO
these curves,
C. Discussion of Results
maximum values.
higher strains observed when tlio outer wheel v/as outside this
167
used.
those for the Interior and oxterior boama, Tables 9 and 10.
T-15 +52.
168
10 ft Bridge 25 ft Bridge
Interior Exterior Interior Exterior
strin^rers stringers strir^ers stringers
Predicted by
10 ft Bridpie 25 ft Brid e
Interior Exterior Interior Exterior
stringers strln^jers strinjjors stringers
Predicted by
particular typo.
as follows.
10 ft Drid^e 25 ft Brldt^e
Interior Exterior Interior Exterior
stringers stringers 3trinr;;ers stringers
Predicted by
Proposed Anount 228 228 316 316 173 173 273 273
method Error 57 -8 9 k3 8 23
Percent 33 -3 tl 3 33 5 9
AASHO Anount 367 367 379 379 308 308 316 316
Error 196 161 72 178 133 66
Percent 115 56 71}. 23 137 73 26
Predicted by-
T-15 Amount ij.00 1^00 628 628 336 336 575 575
Error 18 382 277 110 51 352 257
Percent 5 155 79 h9 18 158 80
Laboratory bridr^es
One li-OOO lb single- 10 ft bridge Drid<-e
axle truck at lino 5
Method Proposed 10 11 11 6 0 ,3
AASHO 60 F 6 5
T-15 37 37 A
k-9 38 Iiit.
Method Proposed 6 7 6 6 5 6
AASHO 67 13 ko 81 18 50
T-15 lik 90 67 55 52 5k
Ilip-JiY/ay bridr';e3
i4.125 ft Bridc'ie 7125 ft Bridp:e
One truck at line 2^
Method Proposed 3 0 B 9
AASflO 23 ifO 26
T-15 '4 60 kl 60 81 70
Laboratory bridp:o3
Two 14.000 lb single-axle trucks 10 ft Bridr.e 2 5 f t Brid<^e
Ij-O in. center to center
at line 5^
Method Proposed 1^ -9 -2
AASHO 22 10 li -6
T-15 11 9a 5k 13 5k 3?
Two 8000 lb tanden-axle trucks
ilO in. center to center
at line i|.
Method Proposed k 10 -3 6 -5 1
AASHO 29 22 29 -8 10
T-15 17 61 17 51 3k
Hid^iway bridp:e3
Two trucks 10 rt center ii.l,^g ft Bridi^e 7l.S^ tt Bridge
to center at line 2^
Method Proposed -2 -5 "^1- 6 1 k
AASIIC 15 8 12 -1
T-15 5 79 k2 18 80 U9
procedure.
the points from the tests. The lines drawn through observed
points are typically leas sharply curved than are tho pre
tl^e edge, v/hile for the interior boams the observed lines tend
177
to be lower near the center and hl^Iier noar both edr-es, Pi^.
load than was predicted. That is, when a truck was in tlie
was greater than predicted, and when the truck was near one
edi*e tlie load on the interior beams was greater than predicted.
servative.
ingly raised and flattened noar the center. Pig. 66c, wJiilo
that for the interior beam is lower and more sharply peaked
then, are the ones peculiar to this method. Shoots 3 arid i|.,
and alloY/in<:; for normal delays, the extra time required for a
A. Conclusions
separately.
ble.
in error, and
tested.
+5 percent error.
the beams are the same. Prom the load^ deflection, and strain
beams and along the beams when they are prevented from de
could include loading the bridge while the beams are sup
the slab. The strains in the slab would be computed for the
effects.
VIII. GLOSSARY
A, B, C, D Beam designations k2
h Thlckneso of slab
M Bending moment 7 8 9
IX. ACKIIOWLEDOE?-IENTS
aclmowledged.
pecially appreciated.
APPENDIX
M
r-
c:
o
h
1^
Co
>1
0
:x}
:t)
r>^i>
n
c: vj
Q vl
I
.3 .9 O J .3 .4
::1
./ .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .e .9 / a S .4
.7 .e -9 /O
D
OAD,
.30 .6272 .4638 -.1092 .0182 -.0770 .8050 .3210 -.0490 .0238 -.1428 .9142 .2048
.35 .5681 .5343 -.1229 .0205 -.0796 .7524 .3841 -.0569 .0250 -.1502 .8752 .2499
.AO .5104 .6016 -.1344 .0224 -.0800 .6960 .4480 -.0640 .0256 -.1536 .8304 .2976
.A5 .4543 .6653 -.1436 .0239 -.0784 .6366 .5119 -.0701 .0256 -.1535 .7802 .3477
.50 .4000 .7250 -.1500 .0250 -.0750 .5750 .5750 -.0750 .0250 -.1500 .7250 .4000
.55 .3477 .7802 -.1535 .0256 -.0701 .5119 .6366 -.0784 .0239 -.1436 .6653 .4543
.60 .2976 .8304 -.1536 .0256 -.0640 .4480 .6960 -.0800 .0224 -.1344 .6016 .5104
.65 .2499 .8752 -.1502 .0250 -.0569 .3841 .7524 -.0796 .0205 -.1229 .5343 .5681
.70 .2048 .9142 -.1428 .0238 -.0490 .3210 .8050 -.0770 .0182 -.1092 .4638 .6272
.75 .1625 .9469 -.1313 .0219 -.0406 .2594 .8531 -.0719 .0156 -.0938 .3906 .6875
.80 .1232 .9728 -.1152 .0192 -.0320 .2000 .8960 -.0640 .0128 -.0768 .3152 .7488
.85 .0871 .9915 -.0944 .0157 -.0234 .1436 .9329 -.0531 .0098 -.0587 .2380 .8109
.90 .0544 1.0026 -.0684 .0114 -.0150 .0910 .9630 -.0390 .0066 -.0396 .1594 .8736
.95 .0253 1.0056 -.0371 .0062 -.0071 .0429 .9856 -.0214 .0033 -.0200 .0799 .9367
1.00 .0000 1.0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 1.0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 1.0000
199
i ^
V - 4- 3 _ s4
A B C D
y = ::/S
LOAD IN AB'
Ra - /-/.2667^ ^,2GG7v^
Rq = /.6 \/ .6
/?c = - V
R o ~ .06G7V - .0667v^
LOAD /N B C '
Ff^= -.<^667 \/ ".3333
Rq = / - , Z \/ " / & -f- \ / ^
Rq = ,6 /.2 \/^ -
Ro = -. ^333 \/ ^.3333