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8.

6 Frictional Forces on Collar


Bearings, Pivot Bearings and Disks
Pivot and collar bearings are
used in machines to support an
axial load on a rotating shaft
Provided bearings are not
lubricated, or only partially
lubricated, the laws of dry
friction may be applied to
determine the moment M
needed to turn the shaft when it
supports an axial force P
8.6 Frictional Forces on Collar
Bearings, Pivot Bearings and Disks
Frictional Analysis
The collar bearing on the shaft is
subjected to an axial force P and has
a total contact area (R22 R12)
Normal pressure p is considered to
be uniformly distributed over this
area a reasonable assumption
provided the bearing is new and
evenly distributed
Since Fz = 0, then p measured as a
force per unit area
p = P/(R22 R12)
8.6 Frictional Forces on Collar
Bearings, Pivot Bearings and Disks
Frictional Analysis
The moment needed to cause impending rotation of the
shaft can be determined from moment equilibrium about
the z axis
A small are element dA = (r d)(dr) is subjected to both
a normal force
dN = p dA
and an associated frictional force,
dF = s dN = sp dA = {(sP)/[(R22 R12)]}dA
Normal force does not create a moment about z axis of
the shaft, however, frictional force does,
dM = r dF
8.6 Frictional Forces on Collar
Bearings, Pivot Bearings and Disks
Frictional Analysis
For impending rotational motion
M z = 0; M rdF = 0
A
Integrating over entire bearing area
s P
2 s P 2
( )
R2 R2
M = r =
) r dr d
2

Or
R1 o (
R2 R1
2
)
2
rd dr
(
R22 R12 R1 0

2 R23 R13
M = s P 2
2
3 R2 R1

This equation gives the magnitude of moment required


for impending rotation of the shaft
8.6 Frictional Forces on Collar
Bearings, Pivot Bearings and Disks
Frictional Analysis
Frictional moment developed at the end of the
shaft, when it is rotating at constant speed, can
be found by substituting k by s
When R2 = R and R1 = 0, as in the case of a
pivot bearing
M = 2/3 s PR
Apply only to bearings subjected to constant
pressure
If the pressure is not uniform, a variation of the
pressure as a function of the bearing area must
be determined to obtain moment
8.6 Frictional Forces on Collar
Bearings, Pivot Bearings and Disks
Example 8.10
The uniform bar has a total mass m. if it is
Assumed that the normal pressure acting at the
contracting surface varies linearly along the length
of the bar, determine the couple moment M
required to rotate the bar. Assume that the bars
width a is negligible in
comparison to its length l.
the coefficient of static
friction is equal to s.
8.6 Frictional Forces on Collar
Bearings, Pivot Bearings and Disks
Solution
FBD of the bar
Bar has a total weight of W = mg
Intensity wo of the distributed
lead at the center (x = 0) is
determined from vertical force
equilibrium
8.6 Frictional Forces on Collar
Bearings, Pivot Bearings and Disks
Solution
+ Fz = 0;
1 l
mg + 2 wo = 0
2 2
2mg
wo =
l
Since w = 0 at x = l/2, for distributed load
function,
2 x 2mg 2 x
w = wo 1 = 1
l l l

For magnitude of normal force acting on a


segment of area having length dx
2mg 2 x
dN = wdx = 1 dx
l l
8.6 Frictional Forces on Collar
Bearings, Pivot Bearings and Disks
Solution
For magnitude of the frictional force acting
on the same element of area,
2 s mg 2 x
dF = s dN = 1 dx
l l
For moment created by this force about z
axis, 2 mg 2 x
dM = xdF = s
x1 dx
l l

Summation of moments by integration,


2 mg 2 x
l/2
M = 0; M 2
z x1 dx = 0
s
l 0
l
l/2
4 s mg x 2 2 x 3 mgl
M= = s
l 2 3l 0 6

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