According to Dulay, Burt, & Krashen (1982: 146) said that classification of error is to know

what types of error the second language learner performs. They are divide error analysis into four

taxonomies to classify the errors.

a. Linguistic Category Taxonomy

In this taxonomy, the types of errors are grouped based on linguistic items,

include phonology, syntax, morphology, semantic, lexical, and discourse.

b. Surface Strategy Taxonomy

According Dulay, Burt, & Krashen (1982: 150) stated that surface strategy taxonomy

highlights the ways surface structures are altered learners may omit necessary items or add

unnecessary ones; they may misinform items or miss-order them. From definition above the writer,

determine that surface strategy taxonomy is description concerning error in grammatical that made

by students.

1) Omission

Omission is type of error that removal of certain items of a sentence is actually needed. Some

types of morphemes are omitted more than others; they are nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.

Language learners more often omit the grammatical morphemes than content words. For example:

I handsome.

2) Addition

Addition error is the opposite of omission error that is adding the certain

elements of a sentence are not needed. The next, Corder (1981: 36) also said that addition is

addition where some element is present, which should not be there. There are three types of

addition.

a) Double Markings: two items rather than one are marked for the feature.
b) Regularizations: is error in changing an item by making same between regular and irregular.

For example, the learner uses homework to marker the plural

of homework (the correct word is homework) or putted to marker the past tense of put (the

correct word is put).

c) Simple Addition: is an addition error that is not a double marking and

regularization.

3) Misformation

Misformation is the use of the wrong form of the morpheme or structure. There are three types

of misformation, those are regularizations, archi-forms, and alternating forms. In other hand,

misformation is type of error selection where the wrong item has been chosen in place of the right

one (Corder, 1981: 36). For example: Me play football every week. (It must be I).

4) Misordering

The characteristic of misordering is the incorrect placement of a morpheme of a group of

morphemes in an utterance. For example: he doesnt in Bogor live.

c. Comparative Taxonomy

Comparative taxonomy is classified based on comparisons between the structure of L2

(second or target language) errors and certain other types of constructions.

1) Developmental Errors

Developmental errors are similar to the errors made by children learning the

target language as their first language.

2) Interlingual Errors

Interlingual errors are similar in structure to a semantically equivalent phrase or sentence in

the learners native language. It refers to second language errors that

reflect native language structure, regardless of the internal processes or external

conditions that spawned them.

3) Ambiguous Errors

Ambiguous Errors could be classified equally well as developmental or interlingual because

these errors reflect the learners native language structure and at the same time found in the speech

of children acquiring a first language.

4) Other errors

The type of other errors is the errors that are not included into developmental, interlingual,

and ambiguous error. The errors are not similar to the errors that children make during first

language development, must be unique to second language learner, and at least some must be

unique reflections of creative constructions.

d. Communicative Effect Taxonomy

Communicative effect taxonomy is deals with the errors from the perspective of their effect

on the listener or reader (errors in pragmatic item). It focuses on

distinguishing the errors that cause miscommunication and those that dont.

1) Global Errors

A global error is affect overall sentence organization significantly hinder

communication. The syntactic scope of these errors is wide so it is called global error.

2) Local Errors

Local errors affect single elements (constituents) in a sentence do not usually

hinder communication significantly. These include errors in noun and verb

inflections, articles, auxiliaries and the formation of quantifiers.