The Parts of Speech

There are nine parts of speech. They

are articles, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions,
and interjections.

N ouns

A noun is a word used to name something: a person/animal,

a place, a thing, or an idea. For example, all of the following are nouns.

o Leah, Ignacio, Lan, Marek

o Japan, Venezuela, Atlanta, Kroger, the Gap
o pencil, store, music, air
o biology, theory of Relativity, Pythagorean theory

P ronouns

A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun. They eliminate the need for
repetition.
For Example:
Instead of Emma talked to Emma's child, you might say Emma talked
to her child.
Her is the pronoun. It renames the antecedent, Emma

A djectives

An adjective modifies (describes) a noun or pronoun.

Normally in English, the adjective comes before the noun.
For example:
The smart student earned an "A".
They also come after linking verbs. For example:
I feel happy.
C onjunctions are the scotch tape of the grammatical world. They join together
words and phrases.
There are three kinds of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions, correlative
conjunctions, and subordinating conjunctions.

I nterjections

Interjections are words used to express emotional states. They can usually be found in
narrative writing, interviews, and in spoken English. They can stand alone. For
example:

Oh!, wow!, Ouch! Oops! Hey!

P repositions

Prepositions are words that, like conjunctions, connect a noun or pronoun to another
word in a sentence. Some common prepositions:

About Before Down Into Through

Above Behind During Like To

V erbs

Verbs generally express action or a state of being. There are several classifications for
verbs- action verbs,/linking verbs, main verbs/auxiliary verbs, transitive/intransitive
and phrasal verbs.
A rticles are the, a, and an.

Q: What do articles do in a sentence?

A: Articles signal that a noun is going to

follow.

Example:

Who invented the telephone? The wheel?

The refrigerator? The airplane?

A dverbs

Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives and other adverbs

Examples:
How? When? Where? Why?

What is Business Communication? Definition, Examples,

Benefits and its Importance and purpose?
any communication which is used for the purpose of business promotions is known as
Business Communication.

Importance of Business Communication:

Communication plays an important role in business organization. The success of an
enterprise depends upon the effectiveness of communications, it is said to be the new
system of the enterprise. Nothing happens in business until communication takes place.
Every manager must communicate, in order to get things done through others. It has
few established that manages spend about 75% to 95% of the working time in
communicating with others. Communication is as indispensable for all meaning and
controlling.

1. Basis of decision-making and planning

Communication is essential for decision for decision making and planning. It
enables the management to secure information without which it may not be possible to
take any decision without effective communication it may not be possible to issue
instructions and orders to the subordinates effective communication helps in proper
implementation of plants and policies of the management.
2. Smooth and Efficient working of an organisation
According to George R. Terry. "It service as the lubricant, fostering for the
smooth operations of management process.'' Communication makes possible the
smooth and efficient working of an enterprise. It is only through communication that
the management changes and regulate the actions of the subordinates in the desired
direction.
3. Promotes co-operation and industrial Peace
Effective communication creates mutual understanding and trust among the
members of the organization. It promotes co-operation between the employer and the
employees without communication, there cannot be sound industrial relations and
industrial peace. It is only through communication suggestions to the management.
4. Motivations and morale
Communication is the means by which the behavior of the subordinates is
modified and change is effected in their actions. Through communication workers are
motivated to achieve the goals of the enterprises and their morale is boosted. Although
motivation communication.
Example: proper drafting of message, thing of communication and the way of
communication etc.
5. Job Satisfaction
Effective communication creates Job satisfaction among employees as it increases
mutual trust and confident between management and the employees. The gap between
management and the employees is reduced through efficient means of communication
and since of belongingness is created among employees. They work with Zeal and
Enthusiasm.
6. Increases productivity ad reduces cost
The effective communication saves time are effort. It increases productivity and
reduces cost large scale production involves a large number of people to work together
in a group and achieve the benefits of large scale production.
7. Public relations
In the present business world, every business enterprise has to create and
maintain a good corporate image in the society. It is only through communication that
management was present a good corporate image.
Effective communication helps management in maintaining good relations with
workers, customers, suppliers, share holders, government and the community at large.
The Purposes of Business Communication Objectives
The main Purpose of Business Communication Objectives is to achieve the desired goal of the
organization by leading its activities effectively and efficiently. Effective communication is needed at
all the stages in order to ensure organizational welfare. The purposes or objectives of business
communication can be discussed precisely through the follow points:

Warning and Notice: Warning and notice are given in special circumstances. If employees do not
abide by the norms of the organization, or violate the rules and regulations, it may become necessary
to warn and notice them. Warning a notice can be given orally or written.
Counseling: Counseling is an organized and specialized form of advice. Counseling is objective,
impersonal and professional. A number of large business organizations have their counseling
departments. Service of specialists is engaged for this purpose and employees receive free medical
advice, legal advice and vocational guidance etc.
Directing the subordinates: The subordinates of an organization need necessary directions and orders
from their superiors for better job performance. So, Business Communication is required for
directing the subordinates. Orders or directions dominate the downward flow of information.
Soliciting Suggestion: Soliciting suggestions from employees regarding certain aspects is another
important objective of Business Communication. Now-a-days progressive organizations make a
provision for suggestion boxes that are placed at some convenient places in the office or the factory.
Because an opportunity to make suggestions about their work is highly valued ny employees.
Persuading: Persuasion means an effort to influence the attitudes, feelings or beliefs of others. It is
an important objective of Business Communication. Organizations persuade buyers to buy their
products and services. In the office or in the factory, the lazy, incompetent and dissatisfied workers
have to be persuaded to their works and only business communication can do this act of persuasion.
Motivating Employees: Motivation energizes and activates a person and directs his behavior toward
the attainment of desired goals. Managers must constantly try to improve performance in the
workplace by motivating the staff. Business Communication has been considered as the critical
element in motivating employees. Managers use Communication to improve employees sense of
self-worth by showing recognition. Appreciating good work a providing several other incentives or
benefits.
Meaning Coordination and Cooperation: Every organization is to maintain coordination among its
various departments and co-operation must come from every person working in the organization for
the smooth functioning of its activities. Business Communication helps the maintenance of co-
ordination and cooperation by supplying information on time.
Advising: Another important objective of communication is giving advice to respective person. By its
very nature, advice flows horizontally or downwards or sometimes upwards. Advice may be given on
matters related to work or on personal matters if the relationship permits. Advice is likely to be
subjective since it involves personal opinions.
Exchange of Information: Exchange of information (passing or receiving) about a particular fact or
circumstance is one of the most important objectives of communication. It can be done either through
spoken or written language or by using any other system of signs or signals. An organization is to
exchange information among the people inside and outside it. Managers need complete, accurate and
precise information to plan and organize and on the other hand, employees need it to translate
planning into reality.
Formulation and Execution of Plans: Formulating and implementing plans both are important for an
organization in this modern world of competition. And information plays a vital role in both cases and
Business Communication is the only way to flow the required information. So, providing information to
the Management to formulate and execute plans in another important objective of Communication.
Developing Industrial Relations: Industrial relation means the relation between the employer and
employee. A good labor-Management relation is a precondition for achieving organizational success.
But the harmonious relations between employer and employee can be ensured only by exchanging
 regular information between them. So, developing a regular good industrial relation is another
important objective of Business Communication.
Raising morale: Raising morale is an important objective of Business Communication. Morale is the
individual and collective spirit and moral condition of employees with regard to discipline and
confidence. Management always tries to raise the morale of employees through Business
Communication so that they think that they are important for the organization.

Types of Business Communication

There are two types of business communication in an organization:

Internal Communication
External Communication

1. Internal Communication
Communication within an organization is called Internal Communication. It includes
all communication within an organization. It may be informal, formal function, or
department providing communication in various forms to employees.

Effective internal communication is a vital mean of addressing organizational concerns.

Good communication may help to increase job satisfaction, safety, productivity, and
profits and decrease grievances and turnover.

Under Internal Business Communication types, there come:

Upward Communication
Upward communication is the flow of information from subordinates to superiors, or from
employees to management. Without upward communication, management works in a vacuum,
not knowing if the messages have been received properly, or if other problems exist in the
organization. By definition, communication is a two-way affair. Yet for effective two-way
organizational communication to occur, it must begin from the bottom.

Upward Communication is a mean for the staff to:

Exchange information
Offer ideas
Express enthusiasm
Achieve job satisfaction
Provide feedback
Downward Communication
Information flowing from the top of the organizational management hierarchy and telling people
in the organization what is important (mission) and what is valued (policies). Downward
communication generally provides information which allows a subordinate to do something.
 For example, instructions on how to complete a task. Downward communication comes after
upward communications have been successfully established.

This type of communication is needed in an organization to:

Transmit vital information

Give instructions
Encourage 2-way discussion
Announce decisions
Seek cooperation
Provide motivation
Boost morale
Increase efficiency
Obtain feedback

Both Downward & Upward Communications are collectively called Vertical

Communication

Horizontal/Literal communication
Horizontal communication normally involves coordinating information, and allows people with
the same or similar rank in an organization to cooperate or collaborate. Communication among
employees at the same level is crucial for the accomplishment of the assigned work.

Horizontal Communication is essential for:

Solving problems
Accomplishing tasks
Improving teamwork
Building goodwill
Boosting efficiency

2. External Communication
Communication with people outside the company is called external communication.
Supervisors communicate with sources outside the organization, such as vendors and
customers.

It leads to better:

Sales volume
Public credibility
Operational efficiency
Company profits

It should improve:
 Overall performance
Public goodwill
Corporate image

Ultimately, it helps to achieve:

Organizational goals
Customer satisfaction

Process of Business Communication