KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

D BO VNG CA DM B TNG CT THP

CHU TI TRNG DI HN
TS. NG V HIP
Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni

Tm tt: Phng php d bo vng ca dm ng tension stiffening, co ngt, t bin. Trong

b tng ct thp k n nh hng ca t bin kt cc yu t co ngt, t bin l yu t ph thuc thi
hp vi s xut hin vt nt trong b tng da trn gian. Lch s tc dng ca ti trng cng l mt
tiu chun chu u Eurocode 2 (EC2) c s nhn t quan trng v n thay i (tng dn) trong
dng. Kt qu tnh ton sau c so snh vi qu trnh thi cng cng trnh t ti gi tr thit
kt qu phn tch bng phn mm LIRA-SAPR 2013 k.
cng nh mt s kt qu thc nghim c cng
Vt nt trong dm b tng ct thp ni chung
b trong cc ti liu [3, 5, 6]. Kt qu cho thy d
xut hin di ti trng s dng do vng ca
bo vng cui cng khi s dng tiu chun
dm theo thi gian cng b nh hng. Mt phng
Eurocode 2 kh an ton, trong khi d bo bng
php truyn thng l tnh ton cong ti cc v tr
phn mm LIRA-SAPR 2013 km thn trng hn so
dc theo trc dm sau tch phn trn ton b
vi kt qu th nghim.
chiu di thu c vng. Tuy nhin phng
T kha: t bin, dm b tng ct thp, nt, php ny i khi phc tp, kh vn dng thc hnh
vng. cho cc k s thit k. Cc tiu chun hin i trn
th gii (ACI 318-2005, Eurocode 2) u cho php
Abstracts: The method of deflection prediction
tnh ton thc hnh vng theo thi gian ca dm
for RC beams taking into account creep effects in
b tng ct thp. Theo hai nhm phng php
conjunction with cracks of concrete based on
chnh thng c s dng l: (1) phng php h
Eurocode 2 (EC2) is used. The computed results
s (ACI 318-2005) vng ph thuc thi gian d
are compared to results analyzed from LIRA-SAPR
bo bng cch nhn h s khuch i thc nghim
2013 software as well as several test data reported
vi vng tc thi; (2) phng php m un n
in the literature [3, 5, 6]. The results show that the
hi hiu qu iu chnh theo thi gian (Eurocode 2)
total deflection using the Eurocode 2 produces
m un n hi thc ca b tng c thay th
somewhat safe predictions; on the other hand, the
bng m un n hi hiu qu c xem xt n t
prediction using LIRA-SAPR 2013 software
bin v co ngt thay i theo thi gian. Phng
produces lack consistency against test data.
php ny c nhiu tc gi trn th gii s dng.
Keywords: creep, reinforced concrete beams,
Bi bo gii thiu v tnh ton c th vng
cracks, deflection. theo thi gian ca dm b tng ct thp theo tiu
chun Eurocode 2 c xem xt s xut hin ca vt
1. Gii thiu
nt v tui b tng to ti thi im chu ti trng.
Cu kin b tng ct thp ngy nay s dng vt Cc kt qu tnh ton c so snh vi mt s kt
liu c cng cng cao nn c xu hng gim qu thc nghim trn th gii v kt qu phn tch
bng phn mm LIRA-SAPR 2013. nh hng ca
tit din, hn na chng vt nhp v chu ti trng co ngt khng c xem xt v cc kt qu th
tng i ln, do tnh ton chnh xc vng tr nghim v phn mm LIRA-SAPR 2013 ch xem xt
thnh vn quan trng trong thit k. i vi cc nh hng ca t bin.
kt cu bn trong nh vng qu mc c th gy 2. Phng php d bo vng ca dm
h hi cc lp hon thin, gy r r ng nc, lm 2.1 Phng php thit k-tiu chun Eurocode 2 [2]
nh hng n s vn hnh ca thit b, my
2.1.1 M un n hi hiu qu ca b tng
mc, i vi cc kt cu ngoi tri vng qu
mc c th gy ng nc, lm thm nc, Vic xt n nh hng ca t bin, khi tnh ton
phn tch chnh xc vng cn xem xt ti nhiu vng ca dm b tng ct thp chu tc dng ti
yu t khc nhau nh s sut hin ca vt nt, hiu trng di hn th m un n hi thc ca b tng

Tp ch KHCN Xy dng s 3/2017 27

KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG
c thay th bng m un n hi hiu qu Ec,eff
c xem xt n h s t bin (t, to):
Ecm (t )
Ec ,eff
1 (t , t0 )
Trong : Ecm (t ) m un n hi thay i
theo thi gian;
0.3
Ecm t f cm t f cm Ecm
f cm cng chu nn trung bnh ca b tng
tui 28 ngy;
f cm t cng chu nn trung bnh ca b
tng tui t ngy;
(t , to ) h s t bin ph thuc vo tui ca
b tng v thi gian tc dng ti trng (xc nh
theo hng dn ph lc B ca EC2);
Hnh 1. Quan h ng sut-bin dng ca b tng di ti trng di hn
2.1.2 Tnh ton cong ca dm
Eurocode 2 d bo vng di tc dng ca
ti trng di hn da trn cong trung bnh ca
hai giai on: giai on I cha xut hin vt nt
trong b tng vng ko; giai on II vt nt xut
hin hon ton trong vng ko.
- cong ca tit din khng c khe nt trong
vng ko;
Khi cu kin khng nt, b tng v ct thp u
lm vic trong min n hi. cong ca dm
c xc nh theo l thuyt n hi.
1 M
uc
r uc Ec ,eff I uc
- cong ca tit din b nt hon ton trong
vng ko.
Trong giai on ny b qua s lm vic ca b
tng vng ko, ct thp chu ton b ng sut ko.
28
t0 tui ca b tng ti thi im gia ti (ngy).
(t , to ) khng nhng ph thuc vo thi gian
m cn ph thuc vo ln ca ng sut trong b
(1)
tng vng nn ti thi im gia ti. Theo Eurocode2
th h s (t , to ) c xc nh theo hai trng
hp nh sau:
- Khi ng sut nn trung bnh trong b tng
(2)
cc 0.45 f ck (to ) (t bin tuyn tnh);
- Khi ng sut nn trung bnh trong b tng
0.45 fck (to ) cc 0.6 f ck (to ) (t bin phi tuyn).
Di tc dng ca ti trng s dng, ni chung,
ng sut nn trong b tng xem nh khng vt
qu gi tr 0.6 f ck (to ) . Minh ha cho hai trng hp
xc nh (t, to) nh hnh 1.
1 M (4)
cr
r cr Ec ,eff I cr
- cong ca dm c xt n vt nt vng ko.
Theo EC2 cong ca cu kin c khe nt
trong vng ko c tnh ton nh l cong
trung bnh ca cong ti tit din c khe nt
trong vng ko v tit din khng b nt trong vng
ko.
cr 1 uc (5)
Trong cc cng thc t (3) n (5):
(3)
Ec,eff m un n hi hiu qu ca b tng c
xt n nh hng ca t bin;
Iuc m men qun tnh ca tit din khi khng b
nt;
Icr m men qun tnh ca tit din nt;
Tp ch KHCN Xy dng s 3/2017
KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

uc cong ca cu kin tng ng vi tit k h s ph thuc vo dng ca biu m men

din khng b nt; un.

cr cong ca cu kin tng ng vi tit 2.2. Phng php phn t hu hn-phn mm

din b nt; LIRA-SAPR 2013 [4]

h s xt n s lm vic ca b tng vng Phn tch phn t hu hn ca mi dm c

ko gia cc vt nt; thc hin trong phn mm LIRA-SAPR 2013, pht
i vi cc cu kin ch chu un n, h s trin bi LIRALAND, Ukraine. Phn mm c th
xc nh nh sau: phn tch ng x un di tc dng ca ti ngn
2 2 hn v ti di hn ca dm b tng ct thp khi chu
M (6)
1 cr 1 cr ti trng s dng. Chng trnh c kh nng m
s M
phng s lm vic ca vt liu b tng v ct thp
- h s xt n tc dng di hn ca ti trng: giai on ngoi n hi. c bit phn mm c th
m phng ng x ph thuc vo thi gian ca cu
= 1 ti trng tc dng ngn hn;
kin b tng ct thp.
= 0.5 ti trng tc dng di hn hoc lp; Quy lut ng x ca vt liu b tng s dng
cr - ng sut trong ct thp chu ko ti tit din c trong m hnh c gii thiu hnh 2a [2]. Cc gi
tr c1 , cu1 , Ecm ty thuc vo gi tr f cm v c
m men bng m men khng nt;
tra trong [2]. y gi tr bin dng cc hn ca b
3
s - ng sut trong ct thp chu ko ti tit din c tng chu nn - un cu1 3.5 10 cho cc cp b
khe nt; tng c f cm 55Mpa . Quy lut ng x ca vt liu
ct thp c cho trn hnh 2b [2]. Gi tr uk c
Mcr kh nng khng nt ca tit din; 2
ly bng 2.5 10 v Es 200000 MPa . Ngoi
M m men un do ti trng tiu chun gy ra. cc thng s vt liu nu trn, tnh n nh
hng ca ti trng di hn (t bin) cc h s t
2.1.3 Tnh ton vng ca dm
bin biu kin o v h s ph thuc vo m,
Sau khi xc nh c cong th vic xc nh kch thc biu kin ca cu kin H c tnh
vng ti gia nhp ca dm c th dng cng ton t theo ph lc B ca ti liu [2] c a vo
phn mm thng qua hp thoi Nonlinear
thc:
parameters. nh hng ca co ngt v thay i
(7) nhit khng c xem xt trong LIRA-SAPR
f kL2
2013 [4].
Trong :
M hnh mt dm b tng ct thp trong LIRA-
f vng ca dm;
SAPR 2013 c th hin trn hnh 3. Li phn t
cong trung bnh ti gia nhp hoc ti gi c chia n gin theo chiu cao tit din. Ti ni
ta ca dm cng xn; c ti trng tp trung gn gia dm li phn t
L nhp dm; c chia dy hn.

Tp ch KHCN Xy dng s 3/2017 29

KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG

a. b.
Hnh 2. Quan h ng sut - bin dng ca b tng v ct thp

Hnh 3. Chia li phn t cho dm chu ti tp trung

3. Kt qu v bnh lun u hoc dng tp trung, tui b tng ti thi im

Cc kt qu phn tch t hai phng php trn
c so snh vi cc kt qu th nghim trn cc
dm b tng ct thp ca cc tc gi Washa v
Fluck [3]; Bakoss v cng s [5]; Nie v Cai [6]. Cc
dm ny chu ti trng tnh di hn dng phn b
gia ti to 28 ngy. Nhit phng trung bnh
trong th nghim ca Washa v Fluck [3] thay i t
21.1o C n 29.4o C , ca Bakoss v cng s [5] l
20o C 2 , ca Nie v Cai [6] l 17.5 o C .
Thng s u vo ca cc dm cho trong bng 1.

Bng 1. D liu dm dng cho phn tch

Thi gian
2 Dng ti
Tc gi Tn dm bxh (mm) RH% As (mm ) fy (MPa) f'c (MPa) gia ti
trng
(ngy)
Washa v
B3, B6 152x203 50 400 325 24 phn b 915
Fluck [3]
Bakoss v
cng s 1B2 100x150 55 226 450 30 tp trung 548
[5]
Nie v Cai
B5 200x400 61 1700 462 40 tp trung 90
[6]

a. b.

30 Tp ch KHCN Xy dng s 3/2017

KT CU CNG NGH XY DNG
c.
Hnh 4. So snh kt qu th nghim chuyn v gia nhp-thi gian gia ti (t to ) vi EC2 v FEM
Kt qu th nghim trn bn dm n gin
khc nhau c so snh vi phng php thit k
trong EC2 v phng php phn t hu hn FEM
thc hin trong LIRA-SAPR 2013 th hin trn hnh
4. T cc v d phn tch thy rng kt qu phn
tch vng cui cng bng phng php phn t
hu hn c chnh lch t 12% n 22% so
vi kt qu thc nghim. Kt qu tnh ton vng
cui cng trong EC2 cho sai s trong phm vi kh
rng t 2.4% n 37% . Theo Beeby v
Narayanan [1] , do c qu nhiu nhn t nh hng
n chnh xc khi d bo vng nn mt
chnh xc 20% c th chp nhn c trong thc
t. Mt s nhn xt s b rt ra nh sau: 1)
Phng php thit k trong EC2 d bo kh an
ton vng theo thi gian di tc dng ca ti
trng s dng; 2) D bo bng phng php phn
t hu hn trong LIRA-SAPR 2013 km thn trng
so vi kt qu th nghim. ng quan h vng-
thi gian gn st vi s liu thc nghim. Cng cn
lu l bin dng do co ngt v thay i nhit
khng c tnh n trong phn mm LIRA-SAPR
2013.
4. Kt lun
Bi bo s dng phng php d bo vng
ca dm di tc dng ca ti trng di hn da
trn phng php m un n hi hiu qu c iu
chnh theo thi gian (Eurocode 2). Phng php
kh n gin so vi phng php phn tch phn
t hu hn phi tuyn trong LIRA-SAPR 2013. T
cc kt qu tnh ton c th rt ra mt s kt lun
nh sau:
Tp ch KHCN Xy dng s 3/2017
- Tiu chun Eurocode 2 cho kt qu d bo
vng rt phn tn v c trng hp ln hn kh
nhiu so vi kt qu thc nghim. Phng php s
dng trong Eurocode 2 ph hp cho tnh ton
nhanh v thin v an ton.
- Phng php phn t hu hn s dng phn
mm LIRA-SAPR 2013 cho kt qu vng di hn
vi phn tn t hn v nh hn kt qu thc
nghim vi sai s trung bnh khong 17% . Tuy
nhin ng x theo thi gian ca dm khi phn tch
bng phng php phn t hu hn cho kt qu
gn vi th nghim hn tiu chun Eurocode 2.
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] Beeby A. W. and Narayanan R. S. (2005),
Designers Guide to EN 1992-1-1 and EN 1992-1-2,
Thomas Telford Publishing.
[2] Eurocode 2 (1992), Design of concrete structures.
[3] Washa G. W. and Fluck P. G. (1952), Effect of
Compressive Reinforcement on the Plastic Flow of
Reinforced Concrete Beams, Journal of the
American concrete institute, Vol.49, October, pp.89-
109.
[4] LIRA-SAPR 2013, LiraLand. Tutorial.
[5] Bakoss S. L., Gilbert R. I., Faulkes K. A. and Pulmano
V. A. (1982), Long-term deflections of reinforced
concrete beams, Magazine of Concrete Research,
Vol.34, No. 121, December, pp. 203-212.
[6] Nie J. and Cai C. S. (2000), Deflection of cracked RC
beams under sustained loading, Journal of structural
engineering, Vol. 126, No. 6, June, pp. 708-716.
Ngy nhn bi: 8/9/2017.
Ngy nhn bi sa ln cui: 16/10/2017.
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