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    A Collective Testimony by Argentine Geno PDF

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    Bianca RR

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    ‘Also Available From Bloomsbury Interegou Studies, Odor Lek “The New Camiparative Theoegy. ranlsX Cloone 5 Loss and Hope Global, Interreligious and Interdisciplinary Perspectives Peter Admirand BLOOMSBURY Bloomebury Aetdemi an mpi Bloomsbury Puig Pe 0 Deora Sire 1385 Broadway ‘naan Nee were ar aos u usa wor bloomeburycom Bloomsbury i gatred rade mak of Bloomsbury Pushing le Fest pbliahed 2018 (0 Peter Aan nd Conus, 2014 we bran hes scr it under te Capit Desig nd Ponts Set 188 0 nid ashe Editor of hs Wor ath reser, Nop of this puesto yb repre or ‘taramceain sy form aby ar reas, con of mia, incosng phetccopring. caring e ary efomationsteage revi ‘ate, hoa pc ermsion awn em the pubes No tesponsitity fer loss une oan ail or agaition ata mor rtoring om acon a resutef the mata ths puleaon ‘oe be ert y Soomro the autor. ‘tah Lary Cataloguing-n Publetion Date [Acatdogu ec fois bok valle tom the Brith Ura sane Ha: ove rarasz.ats POF 2781472520077 Pub 976 472523800 Libery of Congets Cataloging Pubsiaton Data _Acststog ran forts bok = walle or ta Uy of Cons “neat by Newoon Keawiedge sks Pot Lt, Chen ‘inte and bed in Great tn Contents Ccontbutors Foreword Philp (Fz!) Biaowite Acknowledgments Introduction; ‘The Certalnty of Lose and the Ambivalence of Hope Peter Adrian Pact Survivors and Victims Perspectives on Lossand Hope 1A Cllctive Testiony by Argentine Genocide Survivors “The Prison ills Cry and We Laugh? Alicia Pertny ‘Clascde in Communist Chin: A Leogal Survivors Reflection Harry Wu “The Pls of Representations of Mass Atocty in Si Lamka and Haman Rights Discourse: Challenges to Justice and Recovery Jude Lal Femando “Torturing Gos a the Villa Grmalds (Cie: Loss of Human Dig, Hope of Unity Mario Aguilar ‘The lanian Womens Movement: A Narrative of Hope and Loss Roja Facet art2_ Ierfath Perspectives on Loss and Hope 6 The Virtue of Christian Learning from Other Religions The Substance of Things Hoped fr Francis X. Clooney, S} |A Healing Process in Jewish Theology rom Psst Protest to Peace Anson Laytner May Budahiss Hopet A Christan Enquiry Jon DiArcy May Salfering id Loss within Shi and Catholic ations in Dislogue ‘eran Fyn ‘The Pedopil Sandal an its (Hope) Impact on Catholic Ihr andInerteliglous Dialogue Peter Adland 6 boss and Hope -Museam, among other relevant slghts, ae thus fesh in my mind. Much can be said bout that haunting and moving architectural testimony tothe Jewish historical and fngoing roe in Germany. Many spaces of the museum abruptly end or consist of temptysretces, what Libeskin calls "vids" and yet the exhibits till esonate with lie an hope. Oa area deserves mention: the 79-foot (24 meter) Holocoost Tower. It {is eached via black doors ater walking below ground and then longa vast coir {ered an “ees of dent with objects fom Holocaust itm within thereceses of ‘one sdeofthe wall andthe nannesof the concentration and death camps writen on the ‘opposite wall). The space one enters i initaly dark and narow. A sloping sok ‘eling revels sive flight fom a slanted window and soa possible link with the tity above But the ight sees oo fray ts presence false ornsplring hope? Th Bmmanul Ringel Noe fom the Warsaw Ghetto, thee ae many erushng scenes, butane pang i prtlculry draining with the curse of hindlght. After Aepietng she ever- worsening conditions othe Jews inthe get, a journal entry from June 26,1942 sings with hope The outside world has fnally heard oftheir plight. "Welnae overcome every stack tachieve our end” Ringeblum celebrates. But we ‘nw ha instead." clea “Zipp” SptcrTichauer, who did surive Auschwit, once remarked" 8 Ihr fo believe we were so crazy to have hope inthe mide ofthis nightmare living hel. Even sometimes af night during all he gassing and burning pit is, the burning of bodies, we stl had hope. Were we crazy?" One wants to answer ‘unequivocally "no" but ours Word Where even ope stated, causing east 3 ‘momentary hesitation Ly, consider Jonathan Lear analysis ofthe Native American chi Plenty Coup facing the Crow cultural devastation atthe bands of American conquest. Plenty ‘Coup response fo such devastation i wat Lea calla hope” ta "anticipates ‘good for which thse who hae the hope a yet lack the appropriate concep with which to define it What wou it be for sch Bope tobe usted?” In other words ‘one hopes even without the avilable means or the word odo sa Iisa hope rooted in faith, and somewhere crcl, n Jove. Its present as Plenty Coup contnaes to lve even ashi ute Is threatened with extinction; while Mumba sam boys who shouldbe in schoo instead stretch their weary arms for a wad of aluminum fl and t mthologial woman opens a scemingly harmless a. Loss maybe certain and hope tebialent, butts that combination that makes prisons rumble, renewal commence, tialogo thrive and even tmountain move. These chapters sek to contribute to such worthy hopes. Part One Survivors’ and Victims’ Perspectives on Loss and Hope A Collective Testimony by Argentine Genocide Survivors: “The Prison Walls Cry and We Laugh.” Alicia Partnoy ive hat the ost lil aspect of task we ave tached shat while writing te eet a individual at, we are yng to write a book colectives* | Deltro ldo da ila In sort you cam ay sy everyting. The “infal”you her 50 much about i | only ai O sgh of lasines, Yo can always say everything: language contains eveything? Jorge Semprin Tatell you the tah, dey wanted 0 make ws ray wit a ealeulated and sptematic lar Jorge “Coreha" Destéanis [Ris asunny, winter morning and 'm walking the strets around Parque Lezama in La ‘Boca, Buenos Aires, with Dane Bas y Manila. The former polite rsoner—ustlly ‘calm and collected fellow-getsexclod and points to his right, "Over therein the “Torq Tasso community centr back n 1999” he enthsiasially explains, "we had the fst lg gathering! We wee expecting sat of us, about six hundred came” That ‘meeting be tls me, began a gust to incorporate the experiences of former peltial ‘rsones into Argentinas history. Embracing the need to produce a coletve account nd inspred bythe wring of Holoaut survivor Jorge Semprn, Be y Mansa along with 180 Argentine genocide survivors, continued socializing, remembering, and writing, They had all sared ‘ears in olla, yet not appeared tthe Coronda penitentiary, «high-security fact nthe North Eastern province of Santa Fe In 2003, their work gave is ruts vith the publication of Di otra ada de le mil: Olvidas y Memories de ex Prsos Politicos de Corda, 1974-1979 (The Other Side ofthe Pephole. Things Forgotten 0 105s and Hope ‘ad Remember by Corona Former Plical Prisoners). Thee narratives, collected ta series of asadas (Argentine barbecue pate) and other gatherings. re seamlessly ‘semble na volume tha ead ikea novel Thee yeas ltr, another poiyphonct testimonial text simile ined dynamics, but radically diferent in ts tone and content, was published. The wring proces for Nostra, press plas. 1974-1983 (We, Women Polcl Prioner)” ad also started in 1999 Indading texts by 112 ‘women jae by the miltary dictatorship in Villa Devoo, a high-eeuey alley located ina peacefl neighborhood af Buenos Aires this project had been initiated by ‘Marla Crespo a former poll prisoner with atv participation in the ieation ‘Theology movement” Crespo had in (urn been motivated by her encounter with 3 Holocaus survivor a reported by coeditor Viviana Beguin: ‘Around the year 1998 anthropologist Dato Ono ined some of us. total him about our pis experiences, since from the testimonial [he and other sothopolgisl al collected, they cold detec cllectv experience tat Was, Foe dem of get importance. Mariana had ast tamed fom Europe where she had interviewed concentration cap svi eho ba spokes oer about themporunee of memory. of wet of ling... She took the proposal in her ‘own hands andcalled a meeting to write the book" eguin continued working on the project afer Marini untimely death, and Notas is dedicated "Yo Mariana (Crespo) and the other dear ompaneras who dd ot ee this eam come to aly" Likewise, Det oro lad de lo iil, whose atbocs acknowledge the influence of Holocaust survivor Jorge Sempri, s dedicated to the four compares who died in Covonda They are the onl prisoncr Wend by mame inthe rurale, with photographs and chapters paying ribet them. "The 2006 publication of Nosotas coincided wth the polation in Argentina of bool by former politic prisoners. Demonized and censored, when not anniated bythe thousands, dsdents had avoided the publ sharing ofthe prison memories, eve after the rtur to democracy is trethat Jacobo Timermars Prion without 2 Name, Cal without Namber, and my owe The Lite School. Tals of Dsapearence ‘and Survival had enjoyed international recognition inthe 19805, Our books, however, dle with the secret detention camps where the dictatorship tortured and assassinated thousands of polis! dsidents to finaly disappear thelr bodes and deny sry knowledge ofthe ft. ‘While my ow iterary rendition ofthis tragedy was not published in Argentina wat 2006 another survivor, Alicia Kove, isued therein 1987 the fst erary work dealing with prion if: Pasos by ef agua Yur ater, Mara del Carmen Silt, Carmen Cones, Margarita Drago, and Graciela Lo Prete chronicled in thet ‘owe books ie in Villa Desoto! Nowra was the st collective work dealing with that prison experience. Fewerbooksyethadchroniled if for male politcal detaineesbeforethepublicstion ‘of the Corond narrative: Miguel Angel Morts La rnd y fos suonoeakerntes 3 narrative of his ile asa pla activist wth chapters about the Rawson peso in the Caletve Tastinony of Argentine Genocide Survivors " South of Argentins Palo Bohosavay’ Clr fortuna, lo dealng with he Rawson Facil includes 1 tales about his experience. Both works, ike the Coronda book. ae conceived as literary endesvors Al chronicle empowering practices tat helped Prisoners resist the woition imposed by the ree, and ls subsequent desructive “ects However, the collective identity peeformed in both Del to lad deta mail fn Nosotavistheirmos clever and succesful achievement embodlesa triumphant deface ofa attempts to erase sliary. Jon Las His Pee one of the editor eum members for De ove lado dela mira, himsela former priaoner, write, and college professor, eports: In Boenos Ares, compaeo Busy Mansi found a book that was almost the inspiring oer fo the tors Literate or Li, by he reat Spanish rte Jorge Semputn. That book beled us understand why we got together So many years afer the facts to wie the Corona ok! And i eassured us onthe path of & Tieraryveston* In Literatur or fe, Semprin recalls tha fers iberation from Bucher he Intaly had questioned the "possyoftling the story” nally o realize that: ‘he only ones eho will manage to reach this substance, his transparet deny, ile those able to shape ther evidence into anarticojot a space ofcreation. Or of re-eraton, Only the artifice of «mastery arratv wl rove capable of conveying some ofthe truth of such testimony But theres nothing exceptional ‘shout his ithe same with al yet isa experiences” “Thowe of us who produce and study testimonial tee ight ifr nar definitions far creation, of iterate, However [am convinced that he building ofa discourse ‘of solidarity with the vii is what ultimately wll empower those who chose to ell fan will encourage others to share their experiences! Jorge “Corcho" Destin? words atthe begining of this chapter strate the ways we continue building his Alscourse of lidar His Pier had disclosed to mete following: [remember something sd bout the bchind the sane process around the writing ofthe Coronda book. Its brightest pages were waitten by compaero Corcho Desf Thi gy weote so Dell that his was the enly chapter that ‘as ince i the Bok without any cretion, by consensus ad unanimous {ecson ball oui the eting comes wa the chap withthe ighest Merry value. And Coreho ws a gay who Was not a lterary pro... That guy twa Silvia Supp ushand She was secetyaeasnatl in Rall, When hat appened I found out he ad eof anawfal lines recat. Theasasination of iva Suppo wis “seared a a consequence of robbery but nobody believes in coincidences she was an important witness inthe trials." “Theft tha His Pie decides to share this information ater the death of Destfans and the suspicious assassination ofSlvi Suppo, continues bulling solidarity around 2 Loss and Hope him and Siva Suppo, ¢ survivor and star witness in the tia against the genocide perpetrators Suppo was assasinated afer her testimony sent several ofthe accused ncn local ode, to prison Her ist husband had been kid inside a cathedral ‘ring the dictatorship and she was ls a ey witness against the perpetrators.” ‘One anonymous pertcpan inthe Coronda naratve explains how both solidarity an il to resist destruction were atthe core of tis riting rot ‘ex Tage that main character seeds fleskines, but when we Hes ut this Callective character, must be understood that we wee acting, hat we were pial acts todents, peasants, workers, inclecual pope... On the ne [what ou sit can be ashe: Who ae these fellows. Why are hey in these Situs? And, what di they do the dctatorshp extermination plan i the Corona prison could not achieve that macht These fellows won the bate, ‘ven whe they los the war.» Inanother except transcribing the lily conversations among survivors when they Gece to wrt the book the authors goal to reach the youth Masta: 1 ont know have tld you this, ot this entry. rom my notebook... is what [remember fom my experience ad I stared weking it when my cileen were Iie thinking that was ging sbow other, ote them... what ved asa plc cts those day, Now they ar tenagers and Tew i wil Be Very ‘leo show ther instead of ebook, a book weiten by al of us Jost Luis His Pe elaborates on thee strategy and its subsequent sucess: “We dt sein the most entertaining way posable: one of my salen sister,» young eighteen {yas old worman, ead the entre book in a weekend, as son a it was published! Of ‘course we had fot of fan writing it too" “The esl ie 37 short chapters lksteted wih estoonish drawings that depict aspects prison if, and aerate wth photos othe prison facltyandthecompafers ‘oho ia in captvi, The Book entertains and captivates readers while painting in “rcrcltng detail life and death inside the Coronda prison. The insripton "Obra CCaectiva Testimonial (Collective Tetmonia] Work) appears in zed eters on the ve where prison bats eflct ona pup bend a peephole, Nobel Prize Laureate ‘Adslo Pore Esqulvehimsel a former politcal prisoner—wries the prologue “where he highlight the motivation to presenta collective testimony: “This book by the former prisoner of Corda, who decided, after several urs 1 ge together and remember. sa contribution to the calctive conciousness. I rescues human vals ta the bility to esis oppresion™ ike Plre Eequivel and Mariana Cresp, many secret detention camp survivors ‘who subseguentiy spent years in Coronda, Villa Devoto and other prisons, had a previous history na Liberation Thclogy movement hemi tageted bythe military {ctatorship To better understand thelr perspective, so removed from my own buckgroun! a an atheist rom a Jewish fay, T ured to the work of Jet priest ‘acio Martn-Bard, a vocal pycholglst and liberation theologian, Father Martin Collective Testimony of Argentine Genocide Survivars 1B ‘ard was assassinated in I Salvador in 1985, along with five other Jess, thelr Dhouskeeper and her daughtec* ‘is writings highlight the reasons wy dictatorships, both in El Salvador and in Argentina, were invested inthe extermination of Liberation Theology leaders and falowers. The Christian Bose Communities that had engaged Latin Americans in frazroots work inthe 19605 and 1970 adhered to what Ignacio Marin-Barb cals the "three most important inutive taht of Uberation theology” Inthe fist ples, he writs “the promotion of lift Christian's most important tas, and has be accompanied by a search for bet ving conditions forthe people, According to ‘his Chistian marty, hese goals canbe achieved by “Wiberating the structures ‘that maintain a station of sin that ofthe mortal oppression ofthe majority of the people” Tis thid postlte adress a preferential option forthe poor and the marginalized” What Father Martn-Baré calls “alive truths of Liberation “Theology” are reworded by Pater Admiand in his chapter “Amidst Doub, Despair tnd Destruction” when he proposes ncudethe voices of genocide survivors “in sry ‘heodic attempt Liberation theology’ preferential option forthe poor isa means to tense that theology is entered onthe marinalzed and voiceless otha promoting the dignity of every person, formed inthe image and Ukeness of God, i gal and presuppostion”” ‘Belore being gunned down by membes ofthe Salvadoran armed forces, Marta Bard ad argued that there wete two types of rilosty impacting the relationship between religion and politics “verte! religiosity, which leads to alienation and foci submsslon” and horizontal religlosy, [which] eas to critical conseiousness find soca liberation” Horiontal religiost was practiced in the Christian Base ‘Communities that followed the Liberation Theology tenets. Martn-Bar6 further Gnborsten "Taced ith the pose nerve of horzatal eligi. he ‘irectors ofthe psychologic arin Bl Salvador have tred to promote forms of religious conversion or membership that contribute to politcal passivity toward the éstblshedonder™ ‘While such passivity and submission were undoubiedy the goals of prison suortes all over Argentina, i intresting to notice the diverging responses proce by survivors in these two Docks. Novotas, text that secks to inseribe ‘womens pla! participation na national ibertton movement, pots around the religious aspet while male poliea prisoners discuss religious practices at ene in Del otro lad deta mia ‘My own experience aé.a Villa Devotopesone, my talks with several authors. and a cloge reading of Nosofns ed me to cancade tha the autor most empowering ftrategy wasnot to concentrate on their own eligiousbelefsand practices lnstexd they denounced the repressive ations of Hugo Belavign, the prison priest whom we had nicknamed San Fan (Sint Big asi). Hispalarchal and pro-dictatorial approach Conresponded wih the offal poston ofthe Catholic Church in Argentina “The women of Vila Devotocostanty challenged Father Belavign’s strategies, that sought to impose a vertical religiosity dear to the then offal church. On the ther hand, the Coronda fnmats were empowered in thelr naraive by equent ‘ecolections oftheir religous pris during and before their incarceration. Daniel “ Loss and Hope as y Manallaremembers tat several politcal prisoners, inching himself hed Fecrseminrins and that they would s3y mas on Sundays from thei prison cells, rcuming the words through the sy windows, and risking cruel ponishment the uthoritess he remeber, "waned to cause isolation, tncommunication, and the breaking of any oganaed sucrre”® The prisoners were indeed v physically weet hen they tet decades later to work on her book they woul eepenie tach ther by vee snc most had never actually et. ‘However the Corand inmates ad esjoyed te vist of an exceptiona bishop, at sorive fond Cettour reports Twosld ke to tell yu about mr experience ‘tin the church in Coronda, especially with Zanpe, then the Santa Fe bishop. vey Carageoun and highly respeced by all f us, eventhough many of ws ae not tals" Bishop Zapesemesnbered in Del oto lado deta mir: "te spe when UiTept alent including so many who had the dty to speak ou Other relpous Teades are recogalzd inthe bok vis arto abo remember other umn sights hes ike the Methodist bishops ‘los Gattinn ane Fer Pagan the Rabb Maral Meyer, who lobbied

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