Sheet 1 - Solutions

1)
A 108 cm 2
Imax = 10 6 2 (5m)(1m) = 50 mA
cm m
2

2)
EG
ni = BT 3 exp 5
8.62x10 T
For silicon, B = 1.08 x 1031 and EG = 1.12 eV:
n i = 2.01 x10-10 /cm 3 6.73 x109 /cm 3 8.36 x 1013 /cm 3 .
For germanium, B = 2.31 x 1030 and EG = 0.66 eV:
n i = 35.9/cm 3 2.27 x1013 /cm 3 8.04 x 1015 /cm 3 .

3)
cm 2 V 6 cm
v n = n E = 710 3000 = 2.13x10
V s cm s
cm
2
V 5 cm
v p = + p E = +260 3000 = +7.80x10
V s cm s
1 cm
j n = qnv n = (1.60x1019 C)1017 3 2.13x10 6 = 3.41x10
4 A

cm s cm 2
1 5 cm
j p = qnv p = (1.60x1019C )10 3 7.80 x10 = 1.25x10
10 A

cm
3
s cm 2

4)
C cm 6 A MA
j = Qv = 0.5 3 10 7 = 5x10 =5 2
cm sec cm 2
cm

5)
j 1000A /cm 2 cm
v= = 2
= 5 x 10 4
Q 0.02C /cm s

6)
1016 cm 2 V
j p = qp p E = (1.602x1019C) 3 400
A
2000 = 1280 2
cm v s cm cm
10 4 cm 2 V
j n = qnn E = (1.602 x10 C) 3 1100
19
2000 = 3.92x10
9 A

cm v s cm cm 2
7)
V
(10x10 cm ) = 100 V
5V V
(a) E= = 5000 (b) V = 10 5

4
4
10 x10 cm cm cm

8)
1018 cm
j p = qpv p = (1.602x1019C ) 3 107 = 1.60x10
6 A

cm s
2
cm
A
i p = j p A = 1.60x106 C 2 (2x104 cm )(25 x104 cm ) = 0.80 A
cm

9)
j A V
E= = j = 10000 2 (0.01 cm ) = 100 , a small electric field.
cm cm

10)
C cm
j ndrift = qnn E = qnv n = (1.602x1019 )(1016) 3 10 6
A
= 1600 2
cm s cm

11)
1016 atoms 104 cm 3
N = (1m)(10m)(0.5m) = 50,000 atoms
cm m
3

12)
NA > N D : NA N D =1015 1014 = 9x1014 /cm 3
If we assume N A N D
n2i 2510 26
p = NA N D = 9x1014 /cm 3 n= = = 2.78 x1012 /cm 3
p 9x1014

If we use Eq. 2.12 : p =

9x1014 (9 x10 ) + 4 (5x10 )
14 2 13 2

= 9.03x1014
2
12 3
and n = 2.77x10 /cm . The answers are essentially the same.

13)
NA > N D : NA N D = 4 x1016 1016 = 3x1016 /cm 3
n2i 10 22
p = NA N D = 3x10 /cm = = 3.33x10 /cm
14 3 5 3
| n= 16
p 3x10
 14) ND = 5 x 1016/cm 3. Assume N A = 0, since it is not specified.

ND > N A : material is n - type | ND NA = 5x1016 /cm 3

n2i 10 20
n = 5x1016 /cm 3 | p = = 16
= 2x103 /cm 3
n 5 x10
2 2
cm cm
ND + N A = 5 x1016 /cm 3 | Using Fig. 2.13, n = 870 and p = 310
V s V s
1 1
= = = 0.144 cm
cm 2 5x1016
(1.602x10 C) 870
qn n 19

V s cm 3

15) NA = 1018/cm 3. Assume N D = 0, since it is not specified.

NA > N D : material is p - type | NA N D =1018 /cm 3

n 2i 1020
p = 1018 /cm 3 | n= = 18 =100 /cm 3
p 10
cm 2 cm 2
ND + N A = 1018 /cm 3 | Using Fig. 2.13, n = 350 and p =150
V s V s
1 1
= = = 0.0417 cm
q p p 19
cm 2 1018
1.602x10 C150
V s cm 3

16) Indium is from column 3 and is an acceptor. NA = 7 x 1019 /cm 3. Assume ND = 0,

since it is not specified.

NA > N D : material is p - type | NA N D = 7x1019 /cm 3

n 2i 1020
p = 7x1019 /cm 3 | n= = 19
= 1.43/cm 3
p 7 x10
cm 2 cm 2
ND + N A = 7x1019 /cm 3 | Using Fig. 2.13, n = 105 and p = 80
V s V s
1 1
= = =1.12 m cm
q p p 19
cm 2 7x1019
1.602x10 C80 3
V s cm

20
17)
Phosphorus is a donor : N D = 4.5x1016 /cm 3 | Boron is an acceptor : N A = 5.5 x1016 /cm 3
NA > N D : material is p - type | N A N D = 1016 /cm 3 >> 2n i = 2 x1010 /cm 3
n 2i 1020
p = 1016 /cm 3 | n = = =10 4 /cm 3
p 1016
cm 2 cm 2
ND + N A = 1017 /cm 3 | Using Fig. 2.13, n = 710 and p = 260
V s V s
1 1
= = = 2.40 cm
q p p 19 cm 2 1016
1.602x10 C260
V s cm 3

18)
dn dn
j = qDn = qVT n
dx dx
cm 2 1018 0 1
j = (1.602 x10 C)(0.025V ) 350
19 kA
4
= 14.0 2
V s 0 10 cm 4
cm

19)
cm 2 1018 /cm 3
= (1.602 x1019 C)15
dp x
j = qDp exp
dx s 2x10 cm 2 x10 cm
4 4

x A
j = 12000exp 5000 2
cm cm
A 8 2
I (0) = j (0)A = 12000 2 (10m )
2 10 cm
= 1.20 mA
cm m
2

20)
dp 1 dp 1 dp
j p = q p pE qDp = q p p E VT = 0 E = VT
dx p dx p dx
1 dNA 1022 exp (10 4 x )
E VT = 0.025 14
N A dx 10 +1018 exp(10 4 x )
1022 V
E (0) = 0.025 = 250
10 +10
14 18
cm
10 exp (5)
22

E (5x10 cm ) = 0.025 14
4 V
= 246
10 + 10 exp (5)
18
cm
 21)

cm 2 1016 V
j ndrift = qn nE = (1.602x1019 C) 350
A
3 25 = 14.0 2
V s cm cm cm
cm 2 1.01x1018 V
j pdrift = q p pE = (1.602x1019 C)150
A
25 = 607 2
V s cm cm
3
cm
cm 2 104 1016
= (1.602x1019 C) 350 0.025
dn A
j ndiff = qDn 4 4
= 46.7 2
dx s 3x10 cm cm
cm 2 1018 1.01x1018
= (1.602x1019C )150 0.025
dp A
j pdiff = qDp 4 = 20.0 2
s 3x10 cm 4
dx cm
A
jT = 14.0 607 46.7 + 20.0 = 648 2
cm

(b)
0.5 x1016 cm 2 V
j ndrift = (1.602x1019 C)
A
350 25 = 7.01 2
cm
3
V s cm cm
1.005x1018 cm 2 V
j pdrift = (1.602x1019 C)
A
150 25 = 604 2
cm
3
V s cm cm
cm 2 104 1016
= (1.602x10 C) 350 0.025
dn 19 A
j diff
n = qDn 4 4
= 46.7 2
dx s 3x10 cm cm
cm 2 1018 1.01x1018
= (1.602x1019C )150 0.025
dp A
j pdiff = qDp 4 = 20.0 2
s 3x10 cm 4
dx cm
A
jT = 7.01 604 46.7 + 20.0 = 638 2
cm