10/22/2016 BalancedCantileverBridgeSOFiSTiKTUTORiALS

BALANCEDCANTILEVERBRIDGE

Introduction

Thistutorialdealswithasimple5spanbalancedcantileverbridge.Theanalyticalmodelofthe
bridgeconsistsofbeamelements.

Note:AbasicSOFiSTiKknowledgeisrequiredforthistutorial.Thestandardworkflowis
explainedinsidetheGeneralWorkflowdescription.Insidethistutorialweshowonlythe
projectspecificworkflows,whicharedifferentfromthebasicworkflow.

Objectives

Startinganewproject
DefineMaterials
DefineCrossSections
GenerateSystemandLoadsinsideSOFiPLUS
Linearanalysis
Liveloadanalysis
ConstructionStages
Design

ProjectDescription

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Inorderforyourtofollowtheworkflowmoreeasily,wesplitupthedatafilesaccordingtothe
differentchapters.Thisenablesyoutostartinthemiddleofthetutorialifnecessary.Theidea
ofthistutorialistoguideyouthroughabalancedcantileverbridgeprojectandintroducethe
generalworkflowshowingthenecessaryprogramtoolsandfunctions.Allstepslikemodeling,
loading,trafficloads,combinationsetc.aresimplified.

Note:Ifthereareanyhintsofnewtasksthathavetobemodifiedmanually(newtasks
namedTextEditor(Teddy))youfindfurtherinformationsdirectlyinthosetasks.Please
opendatafilesrelatedtothechapter.

BridgeAxis:
Spans[m] 10 30 60 30 10

Stations[m] 0 10 40 100 130 140

BridgeMaterials:
Number Title Strength

1 Concretebridgedeck C40/50

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Number Title Strength

11 Concretepier C40/50

2 Reinforcementsteel B500

3 Reinforcementsteelstirrups B500

4 Prestressingsteel Y1570C

Crosssections
Number Title Dimensions

1 Column[mm] b/h=6500/3000

Thebridgecrosssectionatstation(10m):

Constructionstages
StageNumber Title

11Selfweight Activatingpiers(group30and40)andgroup1

15Prestressing PrestressingintheStage

17Creepinconstruction Activatingcreepandshrinkage

19Temporaryload Activatingtemporaryloads

21Selfweight Activatinggroup2

25Prestressing PrestressingintheStage

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StageNumber Title

27Creepinconstruction Activatingcreepandshrinkage

29Temporaryload Activatingtemporaryloads

31Selfweight Activatinggroup3

35Prestressing PrestressingintheStage

37Creepinconstruction Activatingcreepandshrinkage

39Temporaryload Activatingtemporaryloads

41Selfweight Activatinggroup4

45Prestressing PrestressingintheStage

47Creepinconstruction Activatingcreepandshrinkage

49Temporaryload Activatingtemporaryloads

51Selfweight Activatinggroup5

55Prestressing PrestressingintheStage

57Creepinconstruction Activatingcreepandshrinkage

59Temporaryload Activatingtemporaryloads

61Selfweight Activatinggroup6

65Prestressing PrestressingintheStage

67Creepinconstruction Activatingcreepandshrinkage

69Temporaryload Activatingtemporaryloads

71Selfweight Activatinggroup7

75Prestressing PrestressingintheStage

77Creepinconstruction Activatingcreepandshrinkage

79Temporaryload Activatingtemporaryloads

81Selfweight Activatingpiersgroup8

85Prestressing PrestressingintheStage

87Creepinconstruction Activatingcreepandshrinkage

89Temporaryload Activatingtemporaryloads

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StageNumber Title

91Selfweight Activatingpiersgroup9

97Creepinconstruction Activatingcreepandshrinkage

99Temporaryload Activatingtemporaryloads

101Selfweight Activatinggroup15

107Creepinconstruction Activatingcreepandshrinkage

111Selfweight Activatinggroup10,20,21

117Creepinconstruction Activatingcreepandshrinkage

121Selfweight Activatinggroup22,50,60

125Creepinconstruction Activatingcreepandshrinkage

126Creepinconstruction Activatingcreepandshrinkage

130Additionaldeadload Activatingadditionalload

137Creepuntiltinfinite Activatingcreepandshrinkaget=30000days

Designcode

ThistutorialisbasedonEurocodeEN1992.

DownloadProjectFiles

Youwillfindthedatafilesonourftpserver.

Note:YouneedthecurrentSONARloginandpasswordtogetaccesstothefiles.

Startinganewproject

First we create a new SSD project and save it inside a project directory on your local
computer. For further information see chapter Define Bridge Axis in General Workflow
description.

Definingmaterials

Generate all necessary materials listed above. Follow the procedures explained in chapter
MaterialDefinitioninGeneralWorkflowdescription.

DefiningCrossSections

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Inthisprojectwedohaveonlyonestandardcrosssectionforthepier.Pleasegenerateanew
rectangularcrosssectionwiththedimensionsandmaterialpropertieslistedabove.Followthe
proceduresexplainedinchapterinCrossSectionDefinitioninGeneralWorkflowdescription.

The main bridge section will be defined graphically inside SOFiPLUS with the cross section
editor.

Note:Thedeckcrosssectionisvaryinginheightalongthelengthofthebridge.Insteadof
havingtocreatemanycrosssectionswithdifferentheights,avariableisassignedtothe
heightwhichisvariedalongthelengthofthebridge.Thisvariablewillbedefinedwithinthe
bridgeaxisdefinitioninSOFiPLUS.Thereforewerecommendtocreatethebridgeaxiswith
allsettingsfirst.

Prestressingsystems

Please generate a new prestressing system number 1, with a VSL 67 multistrand system,
seepicturebelow.

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Follow the procedure explained in chapter Prestressing System in General Workflow

description.

SystemGenerationinSOFiPLUS

ThebridgegeometrywillbedefinedusingtheCABDconceptinsideSOFiPLUS.Forthatwe
willworkthroughthefollowingsteps:

Definemainbridgeaxis
Defineplacementsalongthebridgeaxisforsupportsandbetweenallbridgesegments
Definevariables(willbeusedforthemaincrosssection)
GeneratemastercrosssectionwithinCrossSectionEditor
Generatestructurelinesrepresentingthemainbridgeconstruction
UsetheCrossMembersEditortogeneratethesupportconstructioncontainingsprings
andcouplings
Makeafinalcheckofthesystemandalignelementsifnecessary

Thefollowingvideoswillshowthemainstepstogeneratethesystem.

GenerateBridgeAxis

Thefollowingvideowillshowtheaxisgenerationworkflow.

Balanced Cantilever Bridge Tutorial - Axis Denition

GenerateMasterCrossSection

The following video will show cross section generation workflow within the cross section
editor.

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Balanced Cantilever Bridge Tutorial- Dene Master Cros...

SystemGeneration

Thefollowingvideowillshowthesystemgenerationworkflow.

Balanced Cantilever Bridge Tutorial - System Generation

TendonGeneration

Thefollowingvideowillshowtendongenerationworkflow.

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Balanced Cantilever Bridge Tutorial - Dene Tendons

Hint:Pleasenotethatintheexamplefile,thetendonsaredefinedviatextinput(for
prestressinginstages).Thevideojustshowstheworkflowhowtogeneratetendons(for
curvatureloading).

LoadsandActions

Before we define any load, we must define all necessary actions within SOFiPLUS. In our
bridgeexampleweneedthefollowingactionsandloadcases:

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AfterdefiningtheloadcaseswegeneratetheloadsinSOFiPLUS.Firstweselectanelement
relatedlineload.Definingtheloadweselectthestructurallinesanddefinealineloadof10
kN/m. In support axis (group 20, 30, 40, 50) we define a settlement WZZ = 10 mm and for
groups(10and60)wedefineWZZ=5mm.Savetheloadswithinloadcases5156.

Warning:LoadcaseswhichwillbeusedlateroninsidetheCSMshouldbesavedwithin
theactioncontainerNONE.Withthisconcepttheloadcaseswillnotbeusedtwiceincase
theuserdefineshisowncombinationrulesusingactionsonly!

For further processing including the necessary temperature combinations please see the
chapterDefineActionsandLoadsinGeneralWorkflowdescription.

LinearAnalysis

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The linear analysis will be processed automatically for all defined loads. Therefore the
selectionmustbedonemanually.PleaseseethechapterLinearAnalysisinGeneralWorkflow
description.

GenerateEnvelopefromTrafficLoads

As already explained in the general workflow it is necessary to run at least one linear load
casebeforeevaluatingthetrafficloadswiththeinfluencelinemethod.Werecommendtodo
thisanalysisbeforetheconstructionstageanalysistousethefulldeveloppedstiffnesmatrix
fromthecompletebridge.

For a general description of the input workflow please see also the chapter TrafficLoads in
GeneralWorkflowdescription.Forourlittleexamplewehaveabridgewithalanewidthof3.0
m.Firstyouselectanexistingbridgeaxisanddefinethewidthofthetrafficlaneandbridge.
Theprogramwillautomaticallygenerateallpossiblelanes.

Nextyoudefinetheloadtrainsandthedesiredresults.Inourcaseweareinterestedonlyin
thebeamresultsforfurtherdesignofthecrosssections.

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Fortheresultsitisnecessarytodefinedifferentloadgroupsandevaluationcases.Usuallyit
is convenient to separate the results for tandem axes and udl loads. The evaluation results
willbesavedagaininpredefinedactioncontainer.

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The loads on the footway will be defined as an extra evaluation case inside the UDL load
group.InthatcaseweneedspecialcombinationsfromUDLandFootwayloads.Simplyuse
thecombinationbuttoninsidethedialogueandgeneratethecombinations.Aftertheinputis
correctandfinishedyoumayclosethedialogueandprocessimmediatelytheanalysis.Again
werecommendtoaddataskInteractiveGraphictodisplaytheimportantresults.

DefineConstructionStages

For post tensioned concrete bridge we need the construction stages for the evaluation of
differentcrosssectionpropertiesbasedontheopenandfilledductsforthetendonsaswellas
forcreepandshrinkageanalysis.InserttheSSDtasksCSMandfillinthestagesasdefined
intableConstructionStagesabove.

ForourexamplethefollowinginputmustbedoneinsidethetaskCSMConstructionStage
Manager.

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ForfurtherexplanationspleaseseealsothechapterConstructionStagesinGeneralWorkflow
descriptionandourCSM_1.pdfmanual.

Combinations

Please follow the explanations of chapter Combinations and Superpositioning from the
GeneralWorkflowdescription.

Design

Please follow the explanations of chapter Design Checks from the General Workflow
description.Formoredetailsseethetutorialfilethatisavailableonourftpserver(seeabove
>>>DownloadProjectFiles).

Documentation

For the final documentation, you can collect all single reports and generate a complete
document. Please follow the explanations of chapter Generate Report from the General
Workflowdescription.

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