Fluid Mechanics II

Bounday Layer

Dr. Esteban Valencia

June 2, 2016

Dr. Esteban Valencia Fluid Mechanics II June 2, 2016 1 / 13

Syllabus developed

Inviscid flow theory

Equations governing fluid
Inviscid and incompressible flow
Viscos flow
Boundary layer
Von Karman integral to boundary layer

Dr. Esteban Valencia Fluid Mechanics II June 2, 2016 2 / 13

Syllabus developed

Inviscid flow theory

Equations governing fluid
Inviscid and incompressible flow
Viscos flow
Boundary layer
Von Karman integral to boundary layer

Dr. Esteban Valencia Fluid Mechanics II June 2, 2016 2 / 13

Outline

Theory
Definition
Interpretations
Effective Body

Dr. Esteban Valencia Fluid Mechanics II June 2, 2016 3 / 13

Definition

Boundary-layer displacement thickness.

Boundary-layer is defined by:

Z y1  
u
1 dy y1
0 e ue

This property have two physical interpretations.

Dr. Esteban Valencia Fluid Mechanics II June 2, 2016 4 / 13

Interpretations

is an index proportional to the missing mas flow

y=y1
r
da ry laye
ue
d g e o f boun
E
pe

dy
u
p
y=0

Dr. Esteban Valencia Fluid Mechanics II June 2, 2016 5 / 13

Interpretations [1]

A=actual mass flow between 0 and y1 :

Z y1
A= udy
0
B=hypothetical mass flow between 0 and y1 if boundary layer were
not present:
Z y1
B= e ue dy
0
B-A= decrement in mass flow due to presence of boundary layer, that
is, missing mas flow:
Z y1
B A= (e ue u)dy (1)
0

Dr. Esteban Valencia Fluid Mechanics II June 2, 2016 6 / 13

Interpretations [1]

Express this missing mas flow as the product of e ue and a height .

missing mass flow = e ue (2)

(1)=(2)

Z y1
e ue = (e ue u)dy
0

Z y1  
u
= 1 dy
0 e ue

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Interpretations [2]

is the displacement thickness of a streamline external to the boundary

layer.

2
Streamline 1 *

y1 y1 ue
ue pe
pe
u Boundary
layer
p

Dr. Esteban Valencia Fluid Mechanics II June 2, 2016 8 / 13

Interpretations [2]

The mass flow at station 1 between the surface and the external
streamline is: Z y1
m = e ue dy
0
The mass flow at station 2 between the surface and the expernal
streamline is: Z y1
m = udy + e ue
0
The mass flow across station 1 and 2
Z y1 Z y1
e ue dy = udy + e ue
0 0
Z y1  
u
= 1 dy
0 e ue

Dr. Esteban Valencia Fluid Mechanics II June 2, 2016 9 / 13

Effective Body

The effective body, equal to the actual body shape plus the displacement
thickness distribution.
c
y
bod
*

e b
ctiv
Effe ce
dy surfa
al bo
Actu
Vinf
a

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Momentum Thickness
Definer as: Z y1  
u u
1 dy y1
0 e ue ue
Consider the mass flow across a segment dy , given by dm = u dy
A= momentum flow across

A = dm u = u 2 dy

B= momentum flow at free stream velocity associated whit mass dm

B = dm ue = (udy )ue

B-A= decrement in momentum flow (missing momentum flow)

associated whit mass dm

B A = u(ue u)dy

Dr. Esteban Valencia Fluid Mechanics II June 2, 2016 11 / 13

Momentum Thickness

Total decrement in momentum flow, or missing momentum flow:

Z y1
missing momentum flow = u(ue u)dy (1)
0

Assume missing momentum flow

Assume missing momentum flow = e ue2 (2)

(1)=(2) Z y1
e ue2 = (ue u)dy
0
Z y1  
u u
= 1 dy
0 e ue ue

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Momentum Thickness

Note that = (x)

evaluated at a given station x = x1 is proportional to the integrated

friction drag coefficient from the leading edge to x1; that is:

Z x1
1
(x1) cf dx = Cf
x1 0

Dr. Esteban Valencia Fluid Mechanics II June 2, 2016 13 / 13