Declaration

ABEL GEREMEW a fourth year textile engineering student, have undertaken my

internship experience in ABIA Company from a period of February 15/2016 to June
15/2016 under the under guidance of Mr Seife (Acadamic Advisor) and Mr Alehagn
mineln (company advisor). I certify that my work is original and compiled according
to the internship report writing guideline given by the Institute-Industry Linkage
office of the Institute. As the students academic advisor, I certify that the internship
report written by the student is his original work and compiled according to the
guideline provided by the institutes IIL office as far as my knowledge is concerned.
Name of the Academic Advisor signature
Date..
Mr Seife (Acadamic Advisor)
Name of Student
Abel Geremew signature.
Date..
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
First of fall my deepest thanks goes to my GOD which helps me to finish this report
with no difficulties. The internship opportunity I had with Ethiopian airport enterprise
was a great chance for learning and professional development. Therefore I consider
myself as a very lucky individual as I was provided with in an opportunity to be a part
of it. I am great full for having a chance to meet so many wonder full people and
professionals who lead me through this internship period.
Bearing in mind previous I am using this opportunity to express my deepest gratitude
and special thanks for my advisor Mr. SEYFE for his continuous advice throughout
the report .My sincere thanks also goes to the company supervisors who were help me
to accomplish this report.
Last but not least, I would like to thank my university which paves away for this
internship program and its contribution to have this kind of opportunity.

EXCUTIVE SUMMERY
A different airport enterprise plays a large role in the development of their home
countries. As the other airports Ethiopian airports enterprise has this role in Ethiopia.
The enterprise has its own vision, mission and core values. Ethiopian airports
enterprise has a vision to be the leading airport service provider in Africa by 2025 and
a mission to provide safe and world class airport service to passengers, airlines and
other parties through the provisions of best infrastructure and facilities that meet
international standards and our country's air transport need. The core values of the

i
enterprise are safety, security, quality service, continuous improvement, team work
and customer focused. The airport manages different regional airports including
Addis Ababa bole international airport. This report talks about some of my activities
in the enterprise and some features of the enterprise.

ii
 CHAPTER ONE

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 BRIEF HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF EAE

Ethiopian airports enterprise (EAE) is an enterprise which is found in Addis Ababa
city. It is located around bole. The airport is formerly known as Haile Selassie I
international airport. This enterprise was established as a public enterprise in 2003 in
European calendar to meet international aviation standards by restricting Ethiopian
civil aviation authority (ECAA).The enterprises authorized capital is about
2,635,704,386 Ethiopian birr(two billion six hundred thirty five million seven
hundred four thousands and three hundred eighty six birr). It is established as a public
enterprise for different purposes like developing and maintaining standard airports
throughout the country, delivering safe and secure plus reliable airport services to
passengers and other users of the airport like cargo and aircraft.
The enterprise manages all the airports in Ethiopia. Including Addis Ababa bole
international airport (AABIA) the enterprise administers seventeen regional airports.
Within these seventeen regional airports four of them are international airports;
Mekelle Alula Abanega international airport, Addis Ababa bole international airport,
Dire Dawa international airport and Bahirdar Ginbot 20 international airport. In Addis
Ababa bole international airport, the airport accommodates 150 flights per day. In
2005 there was an expansion plan to do in Addis Ababa bole international airport like
as adding a new run way, constructing new control tower which has a thirty eight
meters height and a new terminal with shopping centers, bank service, free Wi-Fi
service and restaurants with in it. Currently the airport can provide those services but
it also starts other brand new expansion program for four years.
This brand new expansion program is planned to be completed in 2018.the main aim
of the new expansion program is to triple the number of passengers it handles from
seven million to 20 million per a year. China Communication Construction Company
(CCCC) is carrying out this work at a cost of $300 million, set for completion by
2018. It was established as a public enterprise entrusted with the mandate of executing
quality airport infrastructure and service to its customers, having its own distinct
mission, vision, and core values.
 Vision: - To be the leading airport service provider in Africa.
Mission: - To provide quality airport infrastructure and service to customers.
Core Values:- Security
- Quality service
- Team Work
- Continuous improvement
- Integrity
1.2 Main services which are given by EAE

In Ethiopian airports enterprise we can get different kinds of services, so we can

divided this services into two
A. General services and
B. Main services

A. General service :- the general services are;

Common services:- to all stages of process at a given airport consists of

(separate)information including flight and related informations ,signage and
way finding, cleanliness of the terminals and rest rooms, connecting flight
flow, availability of lifts, escalators, access for parking, trolley and baggage
services, recreation and so on.
Service to airlines:-offices and desks, terminal resources like check in desks
and baggage belts, information technologies and telecommunications
,movement areas like run ways and apron areas, aircraft marshaling services,
fire and rescue services, baggage sorting, light services.
Service to passengers: - including ground access facilities and services,
terminal facilities and services like restaurants, airside facilities and services
like loading bridges and buses, postal service and Wi-Fi internet.
Service to concessionaries: - offices, desks, commercial space and dedicated
areas including technical maintenance.
Service to meters, greeters, visitors and personnel: - terminal and land side
service, restaurant, bars and retail.
Service to other non-travelers:- commercial property, restaurant and bars.
 B. Main services: -
The main service of bole airport is air transportation system as an
international. So it gives the service of air transport system from place to place
in the country and from our country to another country. As general the main
service of the company provides can be divided into two:-
Aeronautical services
Non Aeronautical services

Aeronautical service including:

security screening and detection service

check in desk service
baggage traveling service
passenger boarding and leaving service
airfield ground lighting service
1.2.1 Security screening and detection service

Security screening and detection is the process of displaying and detecting materials
such as gun, bomb, sharp materials and etc. that are unnecessary to travel from place
to place or country to country. For this purpose walk through metal detectors, x-ray
machines and explosive detection machines are used. When passengers pass through
this walk through metal detectors, it detects them. X-ray machines and explosive
detection machines are used to detect the baggage when they pass through it. But
explosive detection machine is rejecting the baggage by itself if there is unnecessary
material in it.

1.2.2 Check in desk service

This includes different services such as;

Checking passport card

Giving flight information such as flight time
Checking the weight of the baggage
Giving code for the baggage
Packing materials etc.
1.2.3 Baggage traveling service
This service is the service of taking baggage from check in to an aircraft at being or
from aircraft to carousal conveyor at arrival. Different conveyer such as weight,
feeder, collector, carousel and others are used for this purpose. At being, after the
weight of the baggage taken, the weight conveyor pass it to feeder and then to
collector conveyor. This collector conveyor collect the baggage from all feeder at
each check in desk and transfer it to main conveyor which take the baggage to
carousel. In other hand when we see at arrival, the cart takes the baggage from aircraft
to the main conveyor at arrival. Then this conveyor takes baggage to carousel
conveyor. Therefore the passengers take their baggage at this station by passing it
through x-ray machines.

1.2.4 Passenger boarding and leaving service

Passenger boarding and leaving is the process of go in to the aircraft and come out
from the aircraft. So this service is given for the passengers for boarding from
building to aircraft or leaving from aircraft to building. For this purpose the company
mainly uses Passenger boarding bridge which is a telescoping passage way that can be
driven from a parked position beside the terminal to the aircraft itself. Additionally
the company also uses different cars those have their own stairs which used for the
purpose of boarding to and leaving from aircraft.

1.2.5 Airfield ground lighting service

Airfield ground lighting service is the service that concerns with the lighting system
on the run way which is used to communicate the pilot and air traffic controller
(ATC) in order to take off and landing safely by giving information to the pilot using
the color of lighting mounted on the run way. So there are many light mounted on and
beside of the run way. Those light have different color such as white, green, red, blue
and yellow color.
 Figure 1.1:- Airfield ground lighting

User company service; the main end users of this companys service are passengers.
They may be our country citizens or foreign people from different country. Over
3,500,000 passengers are using this service per annum to transport from place to place
or from country to country. In other hand the end users of airfield ground lighting are
pilot for landing and take of purpose. More than 150 pilots are using this service per
day. Additionally, many people use this service (cargo) to transfer different materials
from one country to another country.

1.3 Main customers and end users of EAE

Airlines
Passengers
Governmental authorities(airport immigration, airport customs, ministry of
foreign affairs, ministry of health)
Airport affiliated service providers

User company service; the main end users of this companys service are passengers.
They may be our country citizens or foreign people from different country. Over
3,500,000 passengers are using this service per annum to transport from place to place
or from country to country. In other hand the end users of airfield ground lighting are
pilot for landing and take of purpose, so more than 150 pilots are using this service
per day. Additionally, many people use this service (cargo) to transfer different
materials from one country to another country.

1.4 The overall organization of the enterprise

To make easy the work of flow, the enterprise has different sections like:-
Strategic planning team: - which is organized under the umbrella of strategic
planning and finance directorate. The team carries out activities of preparation
and implementation of the enterprise long and medium term strategic plan.
The major activities of strategic planning team are like preparation of long and
medium term strategic plan, preparation of the enterprises annual plan and
 performance evaluation report and conducting impact assessment and different
researches which will have vital role for the successful implementation of the
strategic plan.
The safety management office: - which is established as a core process
responsible to the chief executive officer. Its major objective is to change the
traditional days of safety management activities to standard and organized
system
Supported by standard safety manuals by doing major activities like making
safety audits of each airport, general assessment of each airport with regard to
facility and trained operation personnel, preparing standard safety manuals and
certify airports and preparing standard safety management system manuals.
Human resource development and management directorate: - which has a
mission to establish an efficient, effective and transparent human resource
development and management practice which support the enterprise in order
to achieve its strategic goal by managing staff grievance, ensuring industrial
peace, administer terminal activities and administer personal records.
The information and IT management directorate: - which is one of the
vital sections of EAE under the new structure which was proposed after the
recent business process reengineering scheme. It has major activities like
enhancing the development of IT within the enterprise, providing support and
advice to EAEs work units and providing effective service mechanisms for
back office users.
Airport infrastructure development directorate: - which is one of the
economic sectors. At present the directorate is coordinating the construction of
the major projects.
Airport facilities management and maintenance directorate: - which are
used for the purpose of achieving success in all airports service provision. The
directorate has the major duties like developing appropriate facilities usage
and operational procedure or manual, developing and implementing
appropriate and standard maintenance management system and analyzing
facilities performance efficiency and developing professional or sound
recommendation to enable EAE to make an informed decision.
 Main executive

Vice main executive

Vice main executive Vice main executive airport
corporate service
airport operation infrastructure and facility
management
Human resource Airport facilities
development and AABIA directorate
and maintenance
management directorate directorate
Strategic planning Market development Airport infrastructure
and finance directorate development
directorate
Common service Market development
directorate directorate

Information Customer service

technology directorate

Safety management and

regional airports
coordination office
 1.5 work flow in the section

Airport facilities
management and
maintenance directorate

Security,
Building run way and Water supply and
communication and Air field and electrical
related facilities environmental facilities
automation facilities facilities management
manager manager
manager

Technique workers Technique workers Technique workers Technique workers

CHAPTER TWO
OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERINCE AND OUR SPECIFIC
WORK
2.1 Why do you selecting this company
I have information about Ethiopian airport that it has a great level of competence in
the worlds flight market in quality and security/safety to fly with it. So I understand
that behind this success there should be a high level of technology applying in this
area and also a high level of infrastructure should be built in high definition and high
quality. So I deciding to have an internship at this area of success to face with the
worlds highest technologies built here.
2.2 My working section
My supervisor ENGINEER ALEHGN MINALU has divided the four months to work
each month in EMS, SECURITY AND COMMUNICATION AND AIRFIELD
GROUND LIGHTING department during the first month staying; I got the chance to
work the departments of electro-mechanical maintenance. For the second months &
third months I was working respectively on the department of security communication
and automation And Airfield and ground lighting (AGL). Let me discuss my
visitation on each month of the departments staying.
2.2.1 Electromechanical Section
I was started the first month in this section. I could stay for one month works on this
section, works mechanical and electrical system. It includes:-

Passenger boarding bridge system

Escalators system
Elevators system
Air conditioning system and
Pump station system

2.2.1.1 Passenger boarding bridge system

 Figure 2.1:- Passenger boarding bridge.
Passenger boarding bridges are movable devices that connect the terminal and the air
craft. Those bridges are used to move the passengers from the aircraft to the terminal
and vice-versa during their arrival or departure. Those passenger boarding bridges
makes the passengers comfortable rather than walking along the ground level and
climbing a set of upstairs. The bridges have three kinds of movements;
Up and down

Right and left

Back and forth

In the airport we have totally 11 passenger boarding bridges. We can divide those
bridges in to two based on their mode of operation:-
hydraulically operated passenger boarding bridges
electrically operated passenger boarding bridges

The hydraulically operated passenger boarding bridge performs all of their

movements hydraulically while the electrically operated passenger boarding bridges
performs their movement electrically by using an electric motor except for their up
and down movements.
Their up and down movements are accomplished hydraulically. This is the main
difference between the two types of passenger boarding bridges.
The passenger boarding bridges in AABIA has the following main components:-
1. Telescopic tunnels with limit switches: - they can retract and extend within
each other. The tunnels slide on stainless steel sliding pads. The structurally
supporting steel frames are equipped with glazed walls. A transition ramp with
handrails has been provided between the tunnels to compensate the floor
height difference between the two tunnels. Limit switches have been provided
to ensure that the passenger bridge is not retracted or extended to its
mechanical limits.

2. Rotunda with limit switches: - they functions as the terminal ends pivot point
for the passenger bridge. It also provides structural support for the passenger
bridge ensuring that no stress is lead to the terminals building. Limit switches
have been provided to ensure that the passenger bridge is no mechanical limits.
3. Wheel carriage:-It includes carriage frame, wheels and tires, motors, electric
cables, wheel position sensors, height indicators etc.
4. Vertical lift column: - It supports the cabin end of the passenger bridge
allowing the vertical movement. The vertical movement is provided with two
hydraulic cylinders located in the vertical structure of the drive column.
5. Cabin: - is mounted at the airport end of the bridge. It is designed to rotate
either 125 or 185 degree to correctly meet the aircraft door. The cab also includes
side curtains which are made up of metals; roll up door, automatic leveler which is
used for the bridge to follow the changing height of the aircraft during loading and
unloading, service door and stairs. In the cabin there is a control panel which
contains control switches and push buttons, light indicators, graphic displays and
movement controllers.
6. Drive unit:-It is located at the bottom of the drive column .It consists of the
drive wheels that support the passenger bridge and provide horizontal movement.
7. Service stairs:-The stairs and the service door are suited at the cabin end of the
Passenger boarding bridge. They provide easy access to the cabin from the apron
as well as safety exit from the bridge to the apron.
8. Protective edge: - is installed along the foremost edge of the cabin floor to
secure the aircraft fuselage from pressure from the passenger bridge. Pressure
sensors are placed inside the protective edge, along the whole length of it. When
the protective edge come in touch with the aircraft the sensors will activate and
stop the movement.
9. Door shoe:-The passenger boarding bridge is equipped with specially shaped
door shoe. It will protect the aircrafts door from possible damage.
10. Protective cable:-It is a device which prevents the docking activities unless it
is attached. It controls docking operated by the special switch. The protective
cable is situated crosswise the cabin manhole from wall to wall.

Figure 2.2:-working principle of Passenger boarding bridge.

Elements of hydraulic passenger boarding bridge

Power unit:-
Valve assemble for cabin operation
Hydraulic motor for driving
Hosting cylinders
Hydraulic motor cabin rotation
Hydraulic cylinder for auto leveling

Devise of movement: - IQAN control system

 Performance of characteristic:-
Hosting lowering speed 0-25mm/sec
Horizontal moving speed 0-0.25m/s
Cabin rotating speed 0-20 de/sec

2.2.1.2:- Escalators system

Escalators are mode of transportation systems which can lift persons from one floor to
the other floor. They can be made up of aluminum or stainless steel. That escalator
has a movement of 0.3-0.6 meter per second, rise about 18 meters and an inclination
from 30 up to 35 degrees. When we compare those escalators with elevators they are
more advantageous due to some reasons like;

Capability to move large number of peoples

Absence of waiting intervals
can be used for outdoor use
At least they become normal stair if they are out of use for some reason.
We have four types of escalators

Single or one way escalators:-are single up and down escalators

Parallel escalators:-are two up and down escalators side by side which are
separated by a distance
Multi-parallel escalators:-are types of parallel escalators that contains more
than two escalators
Crises-cross escalators
The escalator in AABIA are type of single or one way escalator those escalators have
three Major sections;

Lower sect
Inclined section
Upper section.
 Figure2.3:- Escalator.

The main components of escalator are;

Landing plat forms:-They are found at the lower and upper section. That
means we have two landing platforms. Under the upper landing platform we
will find motor assembly and the main driving gear. The lower landing
platform also contains the step return idler sprocket.
Truss:-it is a structural frame used to connect the lower and upper landing.it is
made up of a hollow metal. The ends of the truss are attached to the top and
bottom landing plat forms via steel or concrete supports.
Tracks:-it is built in the truss to guide the step down which continuously pulls
the steps from the bottom platform and back to the top in an endless loop. The
relative positions of these tracks cause the steps to form a staircase as they
move out from under the comb plate. Along the straight section of the truss the
tracks are at their maximum distance apart. This configuration forces the back
of one step to be at a 90-degree angle relative to the step behind it. This right
angle bends the steps into a shape resembling a staircase. At the top and
bottom of the escalator, the two tracks converge so that the front and back
wheels of the steps are almost in a straight line. This causes the stairs to lay in
a flat sheet like arrangement, one after another, so they can easily travel
 around the bend in the until they reach the bottom landing, where they pass
through another curved section of track before exiting the bottom landing. At
this point the tracks separate and the steps once again assume a staircase
configuration. This cycle is repeated continually as the steps are pulled from
bottom to top and back to the bottom again
Steps:-they can be made up of die cast aluminum or steel. The step has both
front and rear wheels. The front wheels fit in to the narrower front track while
the rear wheel fits in to the back track. The step has different sections like
step plate, step riser, step hook(T bar),step wheel, frame

Figure2.4:-Escalator step.

Handrail:-it gives safe and comfortable hand hold for the passengers while
they are using the escalator.

Balustrade: - consists of the handrail and the exterior supporting structure of

the escalator. It is the escalator exterior components extending above the steps
and it supports the handrail. It is either designed as Interior Low-deck or
Interior High-deck. The balustrade may also refer to the individual interior
panels, skirt panels, and deck covers of the escalator. Each interior balustrade
panel section is individually removable to allow easy access to the escalator
interior for cleaning, maintenance, and component replacement.

Work principle of escalator

As I mentioned before from the three sections of the escalator at the upper section
there is an electric motor and at the lower section there is drum like circular structure
.The motors shaft will carry a gear and this gear will drive two other gears. This drive
makes the two other gears to have the same direction of rotation. So each gears can
carry the wheels for the handrail and stairs track on their shafts.

2.2.1.3:- Elevators system

Elevators are another mode of transportation system. It is vertical mode transportation

system. Some of the elevators have one sided door and the others have doors in both
sides; one for entry and one for exit.
There are two types of elevators:-
Hydraulic system elevator
Traction system elevator

The elevators in AABIA are roped types and they have main components like;

Figure2.4:- Traction system elevator.s

Car:-the vehicles that carry the passengers.it is made up of heavy steel frame
surrounding a cage of metal.

Hoist way:-is the space enclosed by walls for the travel of the elevator or
simply it can be defined as it is the shaft that encompasses the elevator car.

Counter weight:-a tracked weight that is suspended from cables and moves
with in its own set of guide rails along the hoist way walls.
 Guide rails:-they are usually mounted to the sides of the hoist way which are
used for guide and direct the course of travel of an elevator car and the
elevators counter weight.

Drive system

Control system (control board)

Sieve

The working principle of this elevator is quite simple like balance game between the
elevator car and the balance weight. There is a pulley with motor above the car of the
elevator which is called the drive unit and there is also a control system or control
board beside the elevator car.so, when a person gets into the elevator and press the
button to move up or down his or her instruction will go to the control board and the
mechanical components will start the action.

2.2.1.4:- Air conditioning system

The term air conditioning refers a total control of temperature, moisture in the air or
humidity, supply of outside air for ventilation and air movement in the occupied
space. There are seven main processes required to achieve full air conditioning;

Heating
Cooling
Humidifying
Dehumidifying
Cleaning
Ventilating
Air movement
TYPE OF AIR-CONDITIONING

The choice of which air conditioner system to use depends upon a number of factors
including how large the area is to be cooled, the total heat generated inside the
enclosed area, etc. An HVAC designer would consider all the related parameters and
suggest the system most suitable for your space.

1. Window air-conditioning system

2. Split air-conditioning system
 3. Centralized air-conditioning system
4. Package air-conditioning system
Air conditioning system in AABIA

In the terminal there is a room which is mainly purposed for an air conditioning
system. In the room there is a big fan. The fan takes the air that comes from the air
cleaner which are mounted on the wall of the room. The air cleaner has a filter
element. That filter element filters the dust which comes from the atmospheric air to
the fan. Motor plus belt drives the fan. The fan will suck the air that comes from the
air cleaner. Then it will go to upstairs and it will divide for all rooms of the
terminals.it will distribute with different amounts by using control valves. The motor
that drives the fan has a thermistor which is a temperature sensor.it senses the
temperature when the motor works for several times, then it will stop the motor.

The main goal of central air conditioning system is to provide a comfortable

environment for the Occupants. There are four main components in the air
conditioning system.

Compressor:-it is used to draw the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator

continuously. It also uses to increase the temperature and pressure of the
refrigerant. So that low pressure and low temperature can be maintained in the
evaporator at which the refrigerant can boil extracting heat from the refrigerated
space. Then the compressor has to raise the pressure of the refrigerant to a level at
which it can condense by rejecting heat to the cooling medium in the condenser.

Based on their working principle we can classify compressors as;

Positive displacement types

Rotor-dynamic types
In positive displacement type compressor, compression is achieved by trapping a
refrigerant vapor in to an enclosed space and then reducing its volume while in rotor-
dynamic compressors the pressure rise of refrigerant is achieve by imparting kinetic
energy to a steadily flowing stream of refrigerant by a rotating mechanical element
and then converting in to pressure as the refrigerant flows through a diverging
passage.
B. Evaporator:-The name evaporator refers to the evaporation process occurring in
the heat exchanger. In the evaporator, the refrigerant boils or evaporates and in doing
so absorbs heat from the substance being refrigerated.

C. Condensers:-Based on the external fluid condensers can be classified as air

cooled, water cooled and evaporative condensers. In air cooled condensers air is an
external fluid. That means the refrigerant rejects heat to air flowing over the
condenser while in the water cooled water is the external fluid. In evaporative
condensers both air and water are used to extract heat from the condensing refrigerant.
Air cooled condenser are simple in construction when they are compared with the
other two types since no pipes are required for air. Further the disposal of warm air is
not a problem and it is available in plenty.

D. Expansion devices: - is another basic component of a refrigeration system. The

basic functions of an expansion device are reducing pressure from the condenser
pressure to evaporator pressure and regulating the refrigerant flow from high pressure
liquid line in to the evaporator at a rate equal to the evaporation rate in the evaporator.
The expansion devices can be divided in to fixed opening to and variable opening
type as the name implies on fixed opening type the flow area remains while in
variable opening type the flow area changes in changing mass flow rates.
Figure 2.5:- central air condition.

2.2.1.5:- Pump station system

Pump stations are just buildings or a house used for pushing water along a pipe line
and to fill a nearby tank. Those pump stations have main components like different
valves, screen chamber, ventilation fans and a range of pump monitoring and
controlling devices. The pump itself includes an encased impeller. The impeller is
powered using a motor. Water flows into the suction pipework, and flows out the
discharge pipework. There is often additional infrastructure outside a pump station
building. This may include connecting pipework, external pipe valves and water
storage tanks.

Pump station in AABIA

In Addis Ababa bole international airport there are two pump stations for the two
terminals.
The two pump stations have common elements like:

Reservoir: - it is used to store water. We have three types of reservoir;

ground, underground and elevated. The first pump station pump stations
reservoir is underground type and has a capacity to contain 960 meter cubed
water while the second pump stations reservoir is ground type and has a
capacity to hold 4930 meter cubed volume of water

Screen chamber: - which is used to remove big sands and it also used as a
manhole when we want to wash the reservoir.

Motor:- used to convert electric energy into mechanical energy basically to

drive the pump

Ventilation system: - is used for air conditioning system in order to control

over heating of the pump station. The ventilation system is found on the walls
of the pump station.

Strainer:-it is used to prevent undesirable particles from getting in to the

pump's impeller.

Flexible connection:-it is used to control pressure. It is a plastic like structure

Checked valve: - to prevent back flow to through the pump.

Compressor:-it is used to increase the pressure of the pressure vessels.

In the pump stations there are jockey pumps, water pumps and fire pumps. The water
pumps work all the time. The fire pumps do not work always. They will become at
standby condition. When the heat sensor at the terminal explodes our fire pumps will
automatically start working. We will use the jockey pumps when we need high or low
pressure beyond our water pumps capacity. The water pumps have a maximum
capacity of 6 bars. When we add the jockey pump we can get a pressure up to 8
bar.to control the whole actions in the pump stations we have control boards with in
the pump stations.
 MAIN PIPE

SIDE PIPES

INLET PIPE

Figure2.6:- Pump station in AABIA.

2.2.2:-Security communication and automation

In the second months I have working on the security communication and

automation department (under Mr. Dagnachew) because of the number of students are
very large and the working departments permitted for internship students are only six
in number we must grouped in three groups and circulating in all departments per
month. It allows having wide knowledge about all the systems in this company.

Work flow in this section (department)

This section as the name implies, works on three basic areas known as security,
communication and automation. These three parts are working in group so that one
stands for the success of the other. The quality of automation will make both the
security and communication smart, the quality of communication will make the
security very smart.

Why security?

Without security, safe and healthy flight is unthinkable. Every person in this area
should be safe, everything in service at this place should be safe, and every part of the
airplane should be safe.

Why communication?

For the sec of safety no one is allowed to use call phones in working area. So, there
should be a walky-talky radio communication system which is capable of
communicating only in working area not to the outside world. In other hand the
passenger should communicate with the central addressing system about the time of
cheek in and the time of flight and other important things with microphones, TV
screens and self-service machines.

Why automation?

To make the above Two main tasks feasible we should have a good automation
infrastructure.

Work flow?

In this section the passenger comes-in for cheek-in purpose before 2 hours of their
flight time. Only passengers are capable of getting to the terminal. Firstly his/her bag
and pocket is cheeked by passing the bag and other things through level one x-ray and
him/herself with walkthrough (metal-detector) to cheek what types of metal and other
types of materials the passenger has. A human operator at this get will approve and
cheek these things at x-ray display computer and at the metal detector. A passenger
passing this step will directly come to the level two cheeks in process. Then at this
level the passengers profile will be cheeked, the legality of his/her profile, ticket, the
date of flight and flight time, final destination and other necessary information.
Passengers bag will evaluate fore proper weight and charges for additional weight
than allowed normal weight by checking the kilogram meter. Then, the operator at
this checkin area will give A passenger identification tag to all of the passengers bag
and passes through the baggage handling system (BHS) up to the airplane. The bag
and the passenger then meet at the destination. Then, the passenger can have its own
time until the time of flight.

Figure 2.7:- shows process of giving passenger identification tag.

What is walkthrough?
A passenger coming from outside to the terminal will pass through a metal
detector to check wither he/she has metallic materials like explosive guns and knives
or not. All hand held materials will pass through the first x-ray (level one x-ray)
machine at first get of the terminal.
How metal detector works?
The metal detector (walkthrough) made in the shape of doors that a person
gets in to the terminal. Normally a person walks and gets through this door for the sec
of security. If a person holds metallic materials and passes through this detector the
metal detector shows that with sound alarm and pointer LED lights. Lets find out
how it works.
Metal detectors are based on the science of Electro-magnetism. The metal
detector contains a coil of wire known as transmitter coil. When electricity flows
through the coil, a magnetic field will be created all around it. Another coil (receiver)
which is connected to the loud speaker or LED alarm and the controller is put far from
the transmitter coil. The magnetic field generated by the transmitter wills not enough
to induce sufficient current on the receiver coil to drive the LED alarm and the loud
speaker. When a metallic object passes in between the transmitter and the receiver
coils, the magnetic field generated from the transmitter coil will have enough power
to rich the receiver through the metallic object. Now the change in the receiver current
detected by the controller will help the system to know the existence of metal in that
area.

Figure 2.8:- walkthrough.

What is BHS?
A baggage handling system is the largest and the biggest system in the
airport, which requires a large labor force and investment. As the name implies BHS
is a system which handles bags of passengers safely from check-in area to the exact
airplane by which the passenger flies.
Main parts of BHS
1. checking counters
 2. bag transportation belt(collector belt)
3. X-ray
4. PLC
5. Bag circulating belt

1. Checking counters
As described above a passengers check in is finished at its checking counter. In
Ethiopian airport terminal two (international flight) at which we are working, there
are 28 checking counters. All checking counters have the following main parts:
Label: - which labels or measures the weight of bags.
Two kilogram displays: - the weight of passengers bag will display to the
passenger at display one and for operator at display two.
Tag printer: - passengers bag identification paper (Tag) will be generated to
all bags.
Dispatch: - which sends the passenger bag from labeling belt to the collector
belt after finishing the checking process.

2. Bag transportation belt

All bags coming from the checking counter will collect by the belt known as bag
transportation belt (collector belt). This belt is the largest belt that collects all bags
coming from all 28 checking counters and reaches all bags to the required position of
checking process.
Main parts of collector belts
Three phase Motors:-these motors are three phase induction motors with
380V power supply. Their speed of
rotation is controlled by the gear connected to their shaft. Their direction of
motion is supervised by the command coming from the master controller
called isolators and the PLC.

Figure 2.9:- three phase motors used for BHS.

 Photocells:-the status of all bags transported on this belt should be known by
the isolator and the super controller PLC. This information will be collected
by receiving the signal coming from these photocells installed at different
positions of the collector belt. When a bag stops at one place on the collector
belt all bags coming next will also stop on that belt. This will cause to stop the
light path of the photocell from the transmitter to the receiver and the
controller can know the existence of the bag at that specific place.
Isolators: - are controllers of each motors of each belt. They will read the
state of the corresponding photocells in order to know the status of the
collector belt. They will receive commands from the previous isolators in
order to know the status of that belt and sends command to the next isolator in
order to tell the status of its status. Finally it will communicate to the PLC.
Belt: - which is the final bag carrier portion of the system. Which is directly
connected to the motor and the bag is carried by it.

3. X-ray
Each and every bag coming from each checking counter by transmission
belt must pass through an x-ray machine for final scanning. At this level of
scanning each and every materials will be scanning at high resolution and
concentration. The operator will accept and/or reject bags by analyzing the
internal parts at its control room by just pushing accept/reject buttons.
 Figure2.9:- x-ray machine.
Main parts of x-ray
Photocells: - are electrical sensors, which detect the coming of bags to the x-
ray machine and tell the controller to start generation of x-ray by supplying
power to the x-ray generator. These are used for the purpose of power
management and for the health of the x-ray generator.

Controller:- since the x-ray generator consumes high power when working to
generate x-ray, it should not working without the existence of a scanned bag
so the controller accepts the status of the photocells and decide whether to
start the x-ray generator or not by controlling the power supply of the x-ray
genitor.
X-ray generator: - it is the main part of this machine which generates an x-
ray light by using 380v:50Hz power supply. Which transmits the ray to the
scanned object to penetrate the object by the high frequency ray called x-ray.
This generator uses 70kv power by stepping up the commercial power supply
by using steep up transformers.
L-shaped diode array: - the shadow generated by the x-ray passing through
the scanned object will collect by the L-shaped photo diode array by which the
 stratus of the shadow will convert to electrical signal which can have the
information of the shadow.
Image processing unit: - the electrical signal having the shadow information
coming from the diode array will process with a computer of special software
to have possibly good quality of a human understandable picture of the real
object.
Image display: - the signal or image processed by the processing unit will
finally display on the screen for operators to observe and decide (accept/reject)
about the particular bag. This process will take up to 13 seconds. If any other
bag is coming to the x-ray before the current bag is scanned, it will weight at
the gate of the x-ray machine by stopping the belt next to the x-ray machine by
sending message to the controller of the belt. This operation will be done by
using the x-ray controller which receives command from the preceding bag
transportation belts controller.
4. PLC
The name PLC suggests that a programmable logic controller. It is
programmed logically to control large and small processes. It has an electronic
and programming part and it is a standalone mine computer with external
actuators and sensors. Everything in the BHS system will supervise by the
central PLC. It has manual and/or remote control options. If the automatic
mode is fail or not desirable, we can use the manual mode by which we can
decide by our own analysis.
Main Parts integrated with PLC
Sensors and/or transducers:- which senses or convert the process parameters
to electrical signals which is understandable to the controller or/ and computer.
Central processing unit (CPU):- which receives the electrical signal
generated from sensors and/or transducers and then interpret, analyze and
process to make decision and generate the required signal.
Relays: - the signal generated from the CPU is in order of 5 to 12 volts which
is unable to control the large motors and other devises without the help of
intermediate linker devises. It can receive the 5 to 12 volts and can switch high
volts which can control contactors and other large devises operated in 380 V
levels.
 Actuators: - are devises which can receive the command coming from the
relay/or CPU and performs the desired work according to the signal generated
from the central processing unit.
5. Bag circulating belt (carousel)
At this stage, the bag will only circulate to weight workers to read the
passenger identification tag and transport to the exact airplane by cars
manually. This is the final stage of the BHS system. Now the bag gets its final
flight position so the plane can start its flight safely.

Figure2.9:- bag circulating belt carousel.

OVERALL BAGGING TRAVELING SYSTEM AND ITS COMPONENT

 Figure 2.10:-bagging traveling system and its component.
2.2.3:- Airfield and Ground lighting

CHAPTER THERR
3. BENEFITS I HAVE GAINED FROM INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE
3.1 Upgrading theoretical knowledge and practical skills
There was different equipment in the terminal which were related with
mechanical courses of the previous four years. For example I was applying the
course refrigeration and air conditioning in the thermal air conditioning
section, turbo machinery in the pump stations especially around the centrifugal
pumps, hydraulics and pneumatics in the passenger boarding bridges and so
on. During this time i can differentiate what should I apply on what section.
 Not only this thing, I can also relate the fields. For example my turbo
machinery course includes a lesson about blades. At the same time those
blades were applied in the air conditioning section. In this section i can know
that what kind of fan blades should be used to get maximum efficiency. So, by
using this kind of things I can also relate some kind of courses. Not only
relating but I can visually realize different things like centrifugal pumps, big
hydraulic cylinders and fan blades. When I start working on the things that i
know only theoretically, i have got two advantages. First i find an increment
on my theoretical knowledge and the second advantage is my practical skills
will become improved. And also as i spend more times with the equipment, I
will be more and more familiar with them and i can know some problems
which can face the equipments generally their characteristics. Additionally I
also become a familiar with the software called hourly analysis
program(HAP).it helps me to know how to design air conditioning systems of
different places. Generally these things can upgrade my theoretical knowledge
and practical skills.

3.2 Improving industrial problem solving capability

After we finish our navigation in the terminal, we used to read different
manuals and browse on the internet by the rest of our time most probably in
the afternoon. During this navigation beyond being familiar with the
equipments you can get different problems with in the equipment. Not only
finding the problem also making a solution for it. For example in the project
design a mechanical wheel extractor which reduce man power and time. For
the future this helps me how should I observe problems with different angles.
Not only observing it teaches me what procedures I shall make to solve the
problem.

3.3 Improving team playing skills

Most of our time is used for doing our tasks together. There were students
from different universities like Bahirdar, Mekelle, Adama, and Addis Ababa
and so on. We were grouped together. During our visits and projects we were
sharing many ideas. By doing this I got two profits. First i can have the idea of
team work in my school, work place or anywhere for the rest of my life time
 and second i can get vast knowledge from my team members. Even when we
were writing report for the enterprise on the equipments that we have seen,
there were more useful different raised ideas based on the equipment since we
have different understandings for each one. When I was in the team i have
learnt that by helping each other we can overcome different problems that
seems very big. During our team works there were also some ideal conflicts.so
during these times the team will meet and solve the problem by discussing.
This means a lot to me.it helps me to know by what way I should solve
problems in teams and how to restore the team.

3.4 Improving leadership skill

The most important thing that I have seen in the enterprise is leadership is a
powerful thing that can increase the profitability of an enterprise and also that
can leads it to fail. This gives a big life time course for me. The leaders of the
enterprise were so cooperative and well planned. They have respect for all of
the employees in the enterprise. They are also initiative for every work. Even
the managers they still want to widen their knowledge about everything. They
can understand any kind of person and they encourages the employees under
them.so, by these things they can create friendly environment in their work
places. This helps me to increase my leadership skill.it teaches me how to act
when I become a leader.

3.5. Work ethics

we can also learn different work ethics in Ethiopian airports enterprise like in
the morning being on time, sign on the attendance properly with the same type
of signature and also keeping exit time. Not only this being committed to the
job that you are doing and love the job that you do are the main things that we
have learnt in our intern time.
Beyond the work ethics in our time in EAE we can learn also
being responsible for our job
respecting each other
cooperation
 leading by plans

3.6 Improving entrepreneurship skills

The other benefit that I got is improving my entrepreneur skill. My internship
time gives me a confidence for solving different problems where ever I am .I
also learnt not to wait a special or visible problem. We may not get physical
problem, but when we get deep and deep in it we can modify that design in
different sections. For example if we can change the materials by efficient and
less coasty materials we can save some money. Not only this, if we can
increase the capacity of the system with the power usage ,we can decrease the
amount of energy used and its cost .when I am doing these things, I can have
different point of views on the machine and also I can consider myself as a
problem solver.so this can improve my entrepreneurship skill.

3.7 Improving interpersonal communication

We have got different ways of communicating with different people according
to their way they like to communicate with others Since factory staffs are
responsible for what happens to the system during operation or during
maintenance, we need to convince them what we are going to do before doing
anything. So this makes us to get into trying to communicate them that help us
to improve us our communication skill.
 CHAPTER FIVE
5. GENRAL CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1. Conclusion
Generally in doing our internship I observe different objects those are facilitating in
airport. I see how they operate, for which purpose they use and their components with
their features. And also I observe the process over take in this transportation system
from entering to the building up to boarding to the air craft. This process is the step
that the passengers and their baggage are passing through to reach to the aircraft.
Additionally I observe the facilities and process on the run way for the pilot in order
to take off and landing of aircraft safely.
5.2. Recommendation
In doing my internship from starting day up to now I gate different knowledge and
also I face different failure (problems). So let as recommend them.
As I try to mention above in the company there are many machines those have
an old manual and also those have no manual. So it is difficult to understand
the circuit and operation of the system. It is also difficult to maintain the
system because of the absence of the manual. I recommend the company to
 put all machines with their manual which can give full information about that
machine.

Escalators in the company are run 24 hours even if there are no passengers.
Therefore this is the great power wastages. We recommended the interested
body to change this system, the ABIA to control this power wastage by using
shadow sensor.

6. REFRENCES
1. Manual from our intern company document.
2. MASERISHA, Personal communication with MASERISHA,Electro
mechanical engineer at bole international airport (2016).
3. Internet browsing.