EXPERIMENT 2: TITRATION

OBJECTIVE

1. To determine the equivalence point of the titration.

2. To obtain information about the acid dissociation constant, Ka, of the acid being titrated.

METHODOLOGY

A. Titration of monoprotic acid (acetic acid) with NaOH

1. 0.1 M NaOH was filled in the burette.
2. 25.00 mL of 0.1 M CHCOOH was pipette into a 250 mL beaker.
3. The solution was titrate by adding the NaOH in 2 mL increments.
4. The pH of the solution was measure and recorded.
5. The data sheet was transfer to an Excel file for analysis and create graph.

B. Titration of polyprotic acid (phosphoric acid) with NaOH

1. 0.1 M NaOH was filled in the burette.
2. 25.00 mL of 0.1 M HPO was pipette into a 250 mL beaker.
3. The solution was titrate by adding the NaOH in 2 mL increments.
4. The pH of the solution was measure and recorded.
5. The data sheet was transfer to an Excel file for analysis and create graph.
 RESULT

A. Titration of monoprotic acid (acetic acid) with NaOH

Volume of NaOH (mL) pH

0.00 2.93
2.00 4.00
4.00 4.02
6.00 4.25
8.00 4.46
10.00 4.57
12.00 4.72
14.00 4.83
16.00 5.00
18.00 5.24
20.00 5.60
22.00 6.36
24.00 11.13
26.00 11.57
28.00 12.32
30.00 12.98
32.00 13.68

pH at EP
16
pH = -log [H] 14
12
9.20 = -log [H]
10 Equivalence
-9.20 = log [H] point, = 9.20
pH

8
[H] = 10(9.20) 6 pH

4
[H] = 6.30
1010 2
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Volume of titrant (mL)

pH = pKa
Volume EP

Graph 1: Titration curve of Acetic acid

Vep = amount of titrant added to each EP

Therefore,

= () ()

Vep, = .

= .

= .

Moles of titrant, = . .

= .

Moles of titrant = moles of analytes

So, Moles of analyte, = .

()
= ()

. 1
Concentration of analyte, = 25.00 mL 1000
.
= 0.025 L
= . /

Then,

= .

=
 . =

= (.)

= .

B. Titration of polyprotic acid (phosphoric acid) with NaOH

Volume of NaOH (mL) pH

0.00 1.30
2.00 1.97
4.00 2.00
6.00 2.03
8.00 2.15
10.00 2.20
12.00 2.24
14.00 2.27
16.00 2.34
18.00 2.42
20.00 2.50
22.00 2.58
24.00 2.68
26.00 2.78
28.00 2.89
30.00 3.01
32.00 3.16
34.00 3.35
36.00 3.69
38.00 4.61
40.00 5.87
42.00 6.25
44.00 6.48
46.00 6.63
48.00 6.73
50.00 6.84
52.00 6.87
54.00 7.00
56.00 7.10
58.00 7.18
60.00 7.29
62.00 7.39
64.00 7.49
66.00 7.59
68.00 7.70
 70.00 7.84
72.00 8.01
74.00 8.22
76.00 8.66
78.00 9.20
80.00 9.93
82.00 10.72
84.00 11.04
86.00 11.27
88.00 11.44
90.00 11.55

14

12
pH at EP
10
pH = -log [H]
8
pH

4.61 = -log [H] 6

Equivalence pH
-4.61 = log [H] 4 point, = 4.61

[H] = 10(4.61) 2

0
[H] = 2.45
0 20 40 60 80 100
105 Volume of titrant (mL)

pH = pKa
Volume EP

Graph 2: Titration curve of Phosphoric acid

Vep = amount of titrant added to each EP

Therefore,

= () ()

Vep, = .

= .

= .

Moles of titrant, = . .

= .

Moles of titrant = moles of analytes

So, Moles of analyte, = .

()
= ()

. 1
Concentration of analyte, = 25.00 mL 1000
.
= 0.025 L
= . /

Then,

= .

=
 . =

= (.)

= .

DISCUSSION

Titration is a common technique that used to quantitatively determine the concentration of an

identified analyte. A chemical reaction is used is purpose and the reaction must be fast and
have determined the end point. An indicator that we used in this experiment is
phenolphthalein. This indicator is used as signal the point which the titration is stopped.
Phenolphthalein is a chemical compound with the formula C2H14O4 and it offer written as
Hln or Phph. Phenolphthalein is slightly soluble in water and usually dissolves in alcohol.
From the titration experiments, colour change from colourless to light pink. In this
experiment, the sample that we used is acetic acid and phosphoric acid.

The titration curve for the titration of acetic acid is shown in Graph 1. Acetic acid
which is a weak acid has been titrated with a 0.1 M solution of NaOH solution. At the first
point on the curve, the pH value is 2.93. The pH at this point is the value of pure acetic acid.
During the titration, the concentration of acid will decrease. Acetic acid is a monoprotic acid
since it has only one pKa point. By analysing graph of acetic acid, at the infection point, the
pH becomes 4.80 as 12.40 mL NaOH has been added. Hence, the pKa for acetic acid also be
4.80 (by applying the Henderson Hasselbalch equation, pH = pKa). So, the ionization
constant, Ka, is 1.58 105.

The titration curve for the titration of phosphoric acid is shown in Graph 2.
Phosphoric acid is a polyprotic acid. At the first point on the curve, the pH value is 1.30. The
pH at this point is the value of pure phosphoric acid. When some NaOH is added, the solution
now contains acid and conjugate bases (dihydrogen phosphate). This conjugate base act as a
buffer which resists the change in pH. By analysing graph of phosphoric acid, at the infection
point, the pH becomes 2.27 as 14.00 mL NaOH has been added. Hence, the pKa for
phosphoric acid also be 2.27. So, the ionization constant, Ka, is 5.37 103 .

From this experiment, the result was not too accurate compare to the theoretical value.
This might be happened because of the pH meter that we used is not measured the accurate
pH reading. Next, we are not precisely added 2 mL of 0.2 M NaOH for every step of titration
process. From this experiment, there have some tips. First, we must to be ensuring there is no
bubble trapped at the tip of the burette during fill the sodium hydroxide solution and we need
measure the reading sharply to avoid the error.