Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Constant-Voltage/
Constant-Current Battery Charger
FEATURES
Charges NiCd, NiMH and Lithium-Ion Batteries plest, most efficient solution to fast-charge modern re-
Only One 1/10W Resistor Is Needed to Program chargeable batteries including lithium-ion (Li-Ion), nickel-
Charging Current metal-hydride (NiMH)* and nickel-cadmium (NiCd)* that
High Efficiency Current Mode PWM with 1.5A require constant-current and/or constant-voltage charg-
Internal Switch and Sense Resistor ing. The internal switch is capable of delivering 1.5A DC
3% Typical Charging Current Accuracy current (2A peak current). The 0.1 onboard current
Precision 0.5% Voltage Reference for Voltage sense resistor makes the charging current programming
Mode Charging or Overvoltage Protection very simple. One resistor (or a programming current from
Current Sensing Can Be at Either Terminal of a DAC) is required to set the full charging current (1.5A) to
the Battery within 5% accuracy. The LT1510 with 0.5% reference
Low Reverse Battery Drain Current: 3A voltage accuracy meets the critical constant-voltage charg-
Charging Current Soft Start ing requirement for lithium cells.
Shutdown Control The LT1510 can charge batteries ranging from 2V to 20V.
500kHz Version Uses Small Inductor Ground sensing of current is not required and the batterys
U negative terminal can be tied directly to ground. A saturat-
APPLICATIONS ing switch running at 200kHz (500kHz for LT1510-5) gives
Chargers for NiCd, NiMH and Lithium Batteries high charging efficiency and small inductor size. A block-
Step-Down Switching Regulator with Precision ing diode is not required between the chip and the battery
Adjustable Current Limit because the chip goes into sleep mode and drains only 3A
when the wall adaptor is unplugged. Soft start and shutdown
U features are also provided. The LT1510 is available in a 16-pin
DESCRIPTION fused lead power SO package with a thermal resistance of
With switching frequency as high as 500kHz, The LT 1510 50C/W, an 8-pin SO and a 16-pin PDIP.
, LTC and LT are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation.
current mode PWM battery charger is the smallest, sim- * NiCd and NiMH batteries require charge termination circuitry (not shown in Figure 1).
U
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
D3
C1 D1 1N5819
D3
C1 D1 0.22F 1N5819 11V TO 28V
MBRM120T3
0.22F MBRM120T3 8.2V TO 20V SW VCC
SW VCC +
+
CIN*
+ 10F
+
CIN*
10F
BOOST PROG
1F
BOOST PROG L1** 300
1F 3.83k
L1** 300 33H D2 LT1510
6.19k
10H D2 LT1510-5 1N914
GND VC 0.1F
MMBD914L 1k
GND VC 0.1F
1k OVP
OVP
SENSE BAT
SENSE BAT
+
+ + COUT 4.2V
+ COUT***
22F
Q3
22F
4.2V
Q3
TANT + VN2222
2N7002 4.2V R3
R3 240k
NOTE: COMPLETE LITHIUM-ION CHARGER, NO TERMINATION REQUIRED
70.6k 0.25%
* TOKIN OR MARCON CERAMIC SURFACE MOUNT 0.25% R4
** COILTRONICS TP3-100, 10H, 2.2mm HEIGHT (0.8A CHARGING CURRENT) NOTE: COMPLETE LITHIUM-ION CHARGER, NO TERMINATION REQUIRED
R4 100k
COILTRONICS TP1 SERIES, 10H, 1.8mm HEIGHT (<0.5A CHARGING CURRENT) * TOKIN OR MARCON CERAMIC SURFACE MOUNT
100k 0.25%
*** PANASONIC EEFCD1B220 0.25% ** COILTRONICS CTX33-2 1510 F02
OPTIONAL, SEE APPLICATIONS INFORMATION 1510 F01 OPTIONAL, SEE APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Figure 1. 500kHz Smallest Li-Ion Cell Phone Charger (0.8A) Figure 2. Charging Lithium Batteries (Efficiency at 1.3A > 87%)
1
LT1510/LT1510-5
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ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Supply Voltage (VMAX) ............................................ 30V Operating Ambient Temperature Range
Switch Voltage with Respect to GND ...................... 3V Commercial ............................................. 0C to 70C
Boost Pin Voltage with Respect to VCC ................... 30V Extended Commercial (Note 7) ........... 40C to 85C
Boost Pin Voltage with Respect to GND ................. 5V Industrial (Note 8) .............................. 40C to 85C
VC, PROG, OVP Pin Voltage ...................................... 8V Operating Junction Temperature Range
IBAT (Average) ........................................................ 1.5A LT1510C (Note 7) ............................. 40C to 125C
Switch Current (Peak)............................................... 2A LT1510I ............................................ 40C to 125C
Storage Temperature Range ................. 65C to 150C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec).................. 300C
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PACKAGE/ORDER INFORMATION
TOP VIEW TOP VIEW
ORDER PART TOP VIEW
ORDER PART
SW 1 8 VCC
NUMBER NUMBER
**GND 1 16 GND** **GND 1 16 GND**
BOOST 2 7 PROG SW 2 15 VCC2 LT1510CGN SW 2 15 VCC2 LT1510CN
GND 3 6 VC BOOST 3 14 VCC1 LT1510IGN BOOST 3 14 VCC1 LT1510CS
SENSE 4 5 BAT GND 4 13 PROG LT1510-5CGN GND 4 13 PROG LT1510IN
S8 PACKAGE
OVP 5 12 VC
LT1510-5IGN OVP 5 12 VC
LT1510IS
8-LEAD PLASTIC SO NC 6 11 NC SENSE 6 11 BAT
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
VCC = 16V, VBAT = 8V, VMAX (maximum operating VCC) = 28V, no load on any outputs, unless otherwise noted. (Notes 7, 8)
PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Overall
Supply Current VPROG = 2.7V, VCC 20V 2.90 4.3 mA
VPROG = 2.7V, 20V < VCC VMAX 2.91 4.5 mA
DC Battery Current, IBAT (Note 1) 8V VCC 25V, 0V VBAT 20V, TJ < 0C 0.91 1.09 A
RPROG = 4.93k 0.93 1.0 1.07 A
RPROG = 3.28k (Note 4) 1.35 1.5 1.65 A
RPROG = 49.3k 75 100 125 mA
TJ < 0C 70 130 mA
VCC = 28V, VBAT = 20V
RPROG = 4.93k 0.93 1.0 1.07 A
RPROG = 49.3k 75 100 125 mA
2
LT1510/LT1510-5
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
VCC = 16V, VBAT = 8V, VMAX (maximum operating VCC) = 28V, no load on any outputs, unless otherwise noted.
3
LT1510/LT1510-5
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
VCC = 16V, VBAT = 8V, VMAX (maximum operating VCC) = 28V, no load on any outputs, unless otherwise noted.
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Thermally Limited Maximum Thermally Limited Maximum Thermally Limited Maximum
Charging Current, 8-Pin SO Charging Current, 16-Pin SO Charging Current, 16-Pin GN
1.3 1.5 1.5
(JA =125C/W)
TAMAX = 60C 4V BATTERY
MAXIMUM CHARGING CURRENT (A)
MAXIMUM CHARGING CURRENT (A)
4
LT1510/LT1510-5
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Switching Frequency vs
Efficiency of Figure 2 Circuit ICC vs Duty Cycle Temperature
100 8 210
VCC = 15V (EXCLUDING DISSIPATION VCC = 16V
98
ON INPUT DIODE D3) 7
96 205
VBAT = 8.4V
6
94
FREQUENCY (kHz)
200
EFFICIENCY (%)
92 5
ICC (mA)
0C
90 4 125C 195
88 25C
3
86 190
2
84
185
82 1
80 0 180
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
IBAT (A) DUTY CYCLE (%) TEMPERATURE (C)
1510 G01 1510 G04 1510 G05
VOVP (mV)
6.0
VREF (V)
ICC (mA)
125C
0 2
5.5 125C
0.001
1
5.0
0.002 25C
4.5 0.003 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
VCC (V) VCC (V) IVA (mA)
1510 G03 1510 G02 1510 G08
95 0.72
IPROG (mA)
IVC (mA)
0.60
94 0 25C
0.48
93 0.36
92 0.24
0.12
91
0
90 0.12 6
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 0 1 2 3 4 5
TEMPERATURE (C) VC (V) VPROG (V)
1510 G09 1510 G10 1510 G11
5
LT1510/LT1510-5
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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Switch Current vs Boost Current Reference Voltage vs VBOOST vs
vs Boost Voltage Temperature Maximum Duty Cycle
50 2.470 96
45 VCC = 16V 95
2.468
40 VBOOST = 38V 94
35 18V 93
2.466
30 92
25 2.464 91
20 90
2.462
15 89
10 88
2.460
5 87
0 2.458 86
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
SWITCH CURRENT (A) TEMPERATURE (C) VBOOST (V)
1510 G07 1510 G14 LT1510 TPC15
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PIN FUNCTIONS
GND: Ground Pin. BAT: Current Amplifier CA1 Input.
SW: Switch Output. The Schottky catch diode must be PROG: This pin is for programming the charging current
placed with very short lead length in close proximity to SW and for system loop compensation. During normal opera-
pin and GND. tion, VPROG stays close to 2.465V. If it is shorted to GND
the switching will stop. When a microprocessor-controlled
VCC: Supply for the Chip. For good bypass, a low ESR
DAC is used to program charging current, it must be
capacitor of 10F or higher is required, with the lead length
capable of sinking current at a compliance up to 2.465V.
kept to a minimum. VCC should be between 8V and 28V
and at least 2V higher than VBAT for VBAT less than 10V, and VC: This is the control signal of the inner loop of the current
2.5V higher than VBAT for VBAT greater than 10V. Under- mode PWM. Switching starts at 0.7V and higher VC
voltage lockout starts and switching stops when VCC goes corresponds to higher charging current in normal opera-
below 7V. Note that there is a parasitic diode inside from tion. A capacitor of at least 0.1F to GND filters out noise
SW pin to VCC pin. Do not force VCC below SW by more and controls the rate of soft start. To shut down switching,
than 0.7V with battery present. All VCC pins should be pull this pin low. Typical output current is 30A.
shorted together close to the pins. OVP: This is the input to the amplifier VA with a threshold
BOOST: This pin is used to bootstrap and drive the switch of 2.465V. Typical input current is about 50nA into pin. For
power NPN transistor to a low on-voltage for low power charging lithium-ion batteries, VA monitors the battery
dissipation. In normal operation, VBOOST = VCC + VBAT voltage and reduces charging current when battery volt-
when switch is on. Maximum allowable VBOOST is 55V. age reaches the preset value. If it is not used, the OVP pin
should be grounded.
SENSE: Current Amplifier CA1 Input. Sensing can be at
either terminal of the battery. Note that current sense
resistor RS1 (0.08) is between Sense and BAT pins.
6
LT1510/LT1510-5
W
BLOCK DIAGRAM
200kHz
+ OSCILLATOR VCC
0.7V SHUTDOWN
+ S BOOST
VSW
VCC
QSW
R
+ R
SW
+
1.5V
GND PWM
SLOPE B1 IPROG + SENSE
COMPENSATION +
VBAT C1 CA1 IBAT RS1
R2
+ BAT
R1 IPROG = 500A/A
1k IBAT
R3
+ 0VP
VA
VREF
VC CA2 2.465V
+
60k VREF gm = 0.64
PROG
CHARGING CURRENT IBAT 1510 BD
RPROG
= (IPROG)(2000)
( )
CPROG IPROG = 2.465V (2000)
RPROG
TEST CIRCUITS
Test Circuit 1
LT1510
SENSE IBAT
+
CA1 RS1
VC BAT
CA2
1k
+
+ + VBAT
0.047F 60k 56F
VREF
PROG
0.22F
3.3k RPROG
+
LT1006 LT1010 2N3055
1k
1k
+
0.65V
20k
1510 TC01
7
LT1510/LT1510-5
TEST CIRCUITS
Test Circuit 2
LT1510
OVP
+
VA
VREF
PROG
IPROG 10k
10k
LT1013
+
+
0.47F RPROG 2.465V
1510 TC02
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OPERATIO
The LT1510 is a current mode PWM step-down (buck) level shift resistors R2 and R3, forming the current mode
switcher. The battery DC charging current is programmed inner loop. The Boost pin drives the switch NPN QSW into
by a resistor RPROG (or a DAC output current) at the PROG saturation and reduces power loss. For batteries like
pin (see Block Diagram). Amplifier CA1 converts the lithium-ion that require both constant-current and con-
charging current through RS1 to a much lower current stant-voltage charging, the 0.5%, 2.465V reference and
IPROG (500A/A) fed into the PROG pin. Amplifier CA2 the amplifier VA reduce the charging current when battery
compares the output of CA1 with the programmed current voltage reaches the preset level. For NiMH and NiCd, VA
and drives the PWM loop to force them to be equal. High can be used for overvoltage protection. When input volt-
DC accuracy is achieved with averaging capacitor CPROG. age is not present, the charger goes into low current (3A
Note that IPROG has both AC and DC components. IPROG typically) sleep mode as input drops down to 0.7V below
goes through R1 and generates a ramp signal that is fed to battery voltage. To shut down the charger, simply pull the
the PWM control comparator C1 through buffer B1 and VC pin low with a transistor.
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APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Application Note 68, the LT1510 design manual, contains tantalum capacitors such as the AVX TPS and Sprague
more in depth appications examples. 593D series have high ripple current rating in a relatively
small surface mount package, but caution must be used
Input and Output Capacitors when tantalum capacitors are used for input bypass. High
In the chargers in Figures 1 and 2 on the first page of this input surge currents can be created when the adapter is
data sheet, the input capacitor CIN is assumed to absorb all hot-plugged to the charger and solid tantalum capacitors
input switching ripple current in the converter, so it must have a known failure mechanism when subjected to very
have adequate ripple current rating. Worst-case RMS high turn-on surge currents. Highest possible voltage
ripple current will be equal to one half of output charging rating on the capacitor will minimize problems. Consult with
current. Actual capacitance value is not critical. Solid the manufacturer before use. Alternatives include new high
8
LT1510/LT1510-5
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APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
capacity ceramic capacitor (5F to 10F) from Tokin or deliver full power to the load when the input voltage is still
United Chemi-Con/MARCON, et al., and the old standby, well below its final value. If the adapter is current limited,
aluminum electrolytic, which will require more microfarads it cannot deliver full power at reduced output voltages and
to achieve adequate ripple rating. OS-CON can also be used. the possibility exists for a quasi latch state where the
The output capacitor COUT is also assumed to absorb adapter output stays in a current limited state at reduced
output switching current ripple. The general formula for output voltage. For instance, if maximum charger plus
capacitor current is: computer load power is 20W, a 24V adapter might be
current limited at 1A. If adapter voltage is less than (20W/1A
V
( )
0.29 VBAT 1 BAT
VCC
= 20V) when full power is drawn, the adapter voltage will be
sucked down by the constant 20W load until it reaches a
IRMS =
(L1)(f) lower stable state where the switching regulators can no
longer supply full load. This situation can be prevented by
For example, with VCC = 16V, VBAT = 8.4V, L1 = 30H and utilizing undevoltage lockout, set higher than the minimum
f = 200kHz, IRMS = 0.2A. adapter voltage where full power can be achieved.
EMI considerations usually make it desirable to minimize A fixed undervoltage lockout of 7V is built into the VCC pin.
ripple current in the battery leads, and beads or inductors Internal lockout is performed by clamping the VC pin low.
may be added to increase battery impedance at the 200kHz The VC pin is released from its clamped state when the VCC
switching frequency. Switching ripple current splits be- pin rises above 7V. The charger will start delivering current
tween the battery and the output capacitor depending on about 2ms after VC is released, as set by the 0.1F at VC
the ESR of the output capacitor and the battery impedance. pin. Higher lockout voltage can be implemented with a
If the ESR of COUT is 0.2 and the battery impedance is Zener diode (see Figure 3 circuit).
raised to 4 with a bead of inductor, only 5% of the current
VIN
ripple will flow in the battery.
VZ D1 VCC
1N4001
Soft Start VC LT1510
and the external capacitor. Battery charging current starts Figure 3. Undervoltage Lockout
ramping up when VC voltage reaches 0.7V and full current
is achieved with VC at 1.1V. With a 0.1F capacitor, time to The lockout voltage will be VIN = VZ + 1V.
reach full charge current is about 3ms and it is assumed
For example, for a 24V adapter to start charging at 22VIN,
that input voltage to the charger will reach full value in less
choose VZ = 21V. When VIN is less than 22V, D1 keeps VC
than 3ms. Capacitance can be increased up to 0.47F if
low and charger off.
longer input start-up times are needed.
In any switching regulator, conventional timer-based soft Charging Current Programming
starting can be defeated if the input voltage rises much The basic formula for charging current is (see Block
slower than the time-out period. This happens because the Diagram):
switching regulators in the battery charger and the com-
puter power supply are typically supplying a fixed amount 2.465V
of power to the load. If input voltage comes up slowly ( )(
IBAT = IPROG 2000 = )
RPROG
2000 ( )
compared to the soft start time, the regulators will try to
9
LT1510/LT1510-5
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APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
where RPROG is the total resistance from PROG pin to even this low current drain. A 47k resistor from adapter
ground. output to ground should be added if Q3 is used to ensure
that the gate is pulled to ground.
For example, 1A charging current is needed.
With divider current set at 25A, R4 = 2.465/25A = 100k
RPROG =
(2.465V)(2000) = 4.93k and,
1A
R3 =
(R4)(V ) = 100k (8.4 2.465)
BAT 2.465
Charging current can also be programmed by pulse width 2.465 + R4(0.05A) 2.465 + 100k (0.05A)
modulating IPROG with a switch Q1 to RPROG at a frequency
higher than a few kHz (Figure 4). Charging current will be = 240k
proportional to the duty cycle of the switch with full current
Lithium-ion batteries typically require float voltage accu-
at 100% duty cycle.
racy of 1% to 2%. Accuracy of the LT1510 OVP voltage is
When a microprocessor DAC output is used to control 0.5% at 25C and 1% over full temperature. This leads
charging current, it must be capable of sinking current to the possibility that very accurate (0.1%) resistors might
at a compliance up to 2.5V if connected directly to the be needed for R3 and R4. Actually, the temperature of the
PROG pin. LT1510 will rarely exceed 50C in float mode because
charging currents have tapered off to a low level, so 0.25%
LT1510 resistors will normally provide the required level of overall
PROG accuracy.
300
External Shutdown
RPROG CPROG
4.64k 1F The LT1510 can be externally shut down by pulling the VC
5V Q1
VN2222
pin low with an open drain MOSFET, such as VN2222. The
0V
PWM VC pin should be pulled below 0.8V at room temperature
IBAT = (DC)(1A) 1510 F04
to ensure shutdown. This threshold decreases at about
2mV/C. A diode connected between the MOSFET drain
Figure 4. PWM Current Programming and the VC pin will still ensure the shutdown state over all
temperatures, but it results in slightly different conditions
Lithium-Ion Charging as outlined below.
The circuit in Figure 2 uses the 16-pin LT1510 to charge If the VC pin is held below threshold, but above 0.4V, the
lithium-ion batteries at a constant 1.3A until battery volt- current flowing into the BAT pin will remain at about
age reaches a limit set by R3 and R4. The charger will then 700A. Pulling the VC pin below 0.4V will cause the current
automatically go into a constant-voltage mode with cur- to drop to 200A and reverse, flowing out of the BAT pin.
rent decreasing to zero over time as the battery reaches full Although these currents are low, the long term effect may
charge. This is the normal regimen for lithium-ion charg- need to be considered if the charger is held in a shutdown
ing, with the charger holding the battery at float voltage state for very long periods of time, with the charger input
indefinitely. In this case no external sensing of full charge voltage remaining. Removing the charger input voltage
is needed. causes all currents to drop to near zero.
Current through the R3/R4 divider is set at a compromise If it is acceptable to have 200A flowing into the battery
value of 25A to minimize battery drain when the charger while the charger is in shutdown, simply pull the VC pin
is off and to avoid large errors due to the 50nA bias current directly to ground with the external MOSFET. The resistor
of the OVP pin. Q3 can be added if it is desired to eliminate divider used to sense battery voltage will pull current out
10
LT1510/LT1510-5
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APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
of the battery, canceling part or all of the 200A. Note that period, after which the LT1510 can be shut down by
if net current is into the battery and the battery is removed, pulling the VC pin low with an open collector or drain.
the charger output voltage will float high, to near input Some external means must be used to detect the need for
voltage. This could be a problem when reinserting the additional charging if needed, or the charger may be
battery, if the resulting output capacitor/battery surge turned on periodically to complete a short float-voltage
current is high enough to damage either the battery or the cycle.
capacitor. Current trip level is determined by the battery voltage, R1
If net current into the battery must be less than zero in through R3, and the internal LT1510 sense resistor
shutdown, there are several options. Increasing divider ( 0.18 pin-to-pin). D2 generates hysteresis in the trip
current to 300A - 400A will ensure that net battery level to avoid multiple comparator transitions.
current is less than zero. For long term storage conditions
however, the divider may need to be disconnected with a Nickel-Cadmium and Nickel-Metal-Hydride Charging
MOSFET switch as shown in Figures 2 and 5. A second The circuit in Figure 6 uses the 8-pin LT1510 to charge
option is to connect a 1N914 diode in series with the NiCd or NiMH batteries up to 12V with charging currents
MOSFET drain. This will limit how far the VC pin will be pulled of 0.5A when Q1 is on and 50mA when Q1 is off.
down, and current ( 700A) will flow into the BAT pin, and
therefore out of the battery. This is not usually a problem C1 D1
D3
1N5819
0.22F 1N5819
unless the charger will remain in the shutdown state with SW VCC
+
input power applied for very long periods of time. CIN*
10F
WALL
ADAPTER
Removing input power to the charger will cause the BAT BOOST PROG
1F
L1** R1
pin current to drop to near zero, with only the divider 33H
D2 LT1510
300
100k
current remaining as a small drain on the battery. Even 1N914
GND VC 0.1F
R2
1k 11k
that current can be eliminated with a switch as shown in Q1
IBAT VN2222
Figures 2 and 5.
SENSE BAT ON: IBAT = 0.5A
+ + OFF: IBAT = 0.05A
COUT 2V TO
VBAT * TOKIN OR MARCON CERAMIC 22F 20V
+ SURFACE MOUNT TANT 1510 F05.5
R3 4.2V ** COILTRONICS CTX33-2
12k R5
220k + Figure 6. Charging NiMH or NiCd Batteries
Q3
LT1510
VN2222
4.2V
(Efficiency at 0.5A 90%)
VIN
OVP
R4
4.99k
0.25%
For a 2-level charger, R1 and R2 are found from:
(2000)(2.465)
1510 F05
11
LT1510/LT1510-5
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APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
BAT
0.18 ADAPTER
SENSE OUTPUT 3.3V OR 5V
INTERNAL C1 D1
SENSE R1*
1.6k 0.1F 1N4148 R4
RESISTOR LT1510 3 8 470k
7 NEGATIVE EDGE
LT1011 TO TIMER
GND 2
+ 4
R2 D2 1
560k 1N4148
R3 R1(VBAT)
* TRIP CURRENT =
430k (R2 + R3)(0.18)
1510 F06
voltage decrease is detected as an indication of near full battery and 1.1A for a 4.2V battery. This assumes a 60C
charge. The charging current is then reduced to a much maximum ambient temperature. The 16-pin SO, with a
lower value and maintained as a constant trickle charge. thermal resistance of 50C/W, can provide a full 1.5A
An intermediate top off current may be used for a fixed charging current in many situations. The 16-pin PDIP falls
time period to reduce 100% charge time. between these extremes. Graphs are shown in the Typical
Performance Characteristics section.
NiMH batteries are similar in chemistry to NiCd but have
two differences related to charging. First, the inflection
characteristic in battery voltage as full charge is ap-
proached is not nearly as pronounced. This makes it more
( )( ) ( )
PBIAS = 3.5mA VIN + 1.5mA VBAT
(V ) 7.5mA + (0.012)(I )
2
[ ]
difficult to use dV/dt as an indicator of full charge, and BAT
change of temperature is more often used with a tempera- + BAT
VIN
ture sensor in the battery pack. Secondly, constant trickle
2
charge may not be recommended. Instead, a moderate
level of current is used on a pulse basis ( 1% to 5% duty
(I )(V ) 1+ V30
BAT BAT
BAT
=
55(V )
cycle) with the time-averaged value substituting for a PDRIVER
IN
constant low trickle.
(I ) (R )(V ) + (t )(V )(I )(f)
2
Thermal Calculations BAT SW BAT
PSW = OL IN BAT
If the LT1510 is used for charging currents above 0.4A, a V IN
= (0.18)(I )
2
thermal calculation should be done to ensure that junction PSENSE BAT
temperature will not exceed 125C. Power dissipation in
the IC is caused by bias and driver current, switch resis-
tance, switch transition losses and the current sense RSW = Switch ON resistance 0.35
resistor. The following equations show that maximum tOL = Effective switch overlap time 10ns
practical charging current for the 8-pin SO package f = 200kHz (500kHz for LT1510-5)
(125 C/W thermal resistance) is about 0.8A for an 8.4V
12
LT1510/LT1510-5
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APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Example: VIN = 15V, VBAT = 8.4V, IBAT = 1.2A; The average IVX required is:
( )( )
PBIAS = 3.5mA 15 + 1.5mA 8.4 ( ) PDRIVER 0.045W
= = 14mA
VX 3.3V
(8.4)
2
+
15
[7.5mA + (0.012)(1.2)] = 0.17W Total board area becomes an important factor when the
area of the board drops below about 20 square inches. The
2
(1.2)(8.4) 1+ 830.4
graph in Figure 9 shows thermal resistance vs board area
for 2-layer and 4-layer boards. Note that 4-layer boards
= = 0.13W
55(15)
PDRIVER have significantly lower thermal resistance, but both types
show a rapid increase for reduced board areas. Figure 10
shows actual measured lead temperature for chargers
(1.2) (0.35)(8.4)
2
operating at full current. Battery voltage and input voltage
PSW = + will affect device power dissipation, so the data sheet
15
( )( )(
10 10 9 15 1. 2 200kHz
) power calculations must be used to extrapolate these
readings to other situations.
= 0.28 + 0.04 = 0.32W Vias should be used to connect board layers together.
( )( )
2 Planes under the charger area can be cut away from the
PSENSE = 0.18 1.2 = 0.26W rest of the board and connected with vias to form both a
IVX
and that the PC board has a backside or internal plane for 10F
heat spreading.
The PDRIVER term can be reduced by connecting the boost Figure 8
diode D2 (see Figures 2 and 6 circuits) to a lower system
voltage (lower than VBAT) instead of VBAT (see Figure 8). 60
55
Then,
THERMAL RESISTANCE (C/W)
50
V
( )( )( )
2-LAYER BOARD
IBAT VBAT VX 1 + X 45
30
=
55(V )
PDRIVER 40 4-LAYER BOARD
IN 35
S16, MEASURED FROM AIR AMBIENT
For example, VX = 3.3V, 30 TO DIE USING COPPER LANDS AS
SHOWN ON DATA SHEET
3.3V
25
( )( )( )
1.2A 8.4V 3.3V 1 +
30
0 5 10 15 20 25
BOARD AREA (IN2)
30 35
1510 F08
= = 0.045W
55 (15V)
PDRIVER
Figure 9. LT1510 Thermal Resistance
13
LT1510/LT1510-5
U U W U
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
90
NOTE: PEAK DIE TEMPERATURE WILL BE event of an input short. The body diode of Q2 creates the
ABOUT 10C HIGHER THAN LEAD TEMPER-
80
ATURE AT 1.3A CHARGING CURRENT necessary pumping action to keep the gate of Q1 low
LEAD TEMPERATURE (C)
14
LT1510/LT1510-5
U U W U
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
GND
LT1510
D1 GND GND CIN
SW VCC2
BOOST VCC1
GND PROG
OVP VC
L1
SENSE BAT
GND GND
GND GND
1510 F11
U
PACKAGE DESCRIPTION Dimensions in inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted.
GN Package 0.189 0.196*
(4.801 4.978)
16-Lead Plastic SSOP (Narrow 0.150)
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9
(LTC DWG # 05-08-1641)
0.015 0.004
45 0.053 0.069 0.004 0.009
(0.38 0.10) 0.229 0.244 0.150 0.157**
(1.351 1.748) (0.102 0.249)
0.0075 0.0098 (5.817 6.198) (3.810 3.988)
0 8 TYP
(0.191 0.249)
N Package
16-Lead PDIP (Narrow 0.300)
(LTC DWG # 05-08-1510)
0.770*
0.300 0.325 0.130 0.005 0.045 0.065 (19.558)
(7.620 8.255) (3.302 0.127) (1.143 1.651) MAX
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9
0.015
(0.381)
MIN 0.065 0.255 0.015*
0.009 0.015 (6.477 0.381)
(1.651)
(0.229 0.381) TYP
+0.025
0.325 0.015 0.005
( )
0.125 0.018 0.003 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
+0.635 (0.127)
8.255 (3.175)
MIN (0.457 0.076)
0.381 MIN
0.100 0.010 *THESE DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS.
(2.540 0.254) MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.010 INCH (0.254mm) N16 0695
0.016 0.050
0.014 0.019 0.050
0.406 1.270
(0.355 0.483) (1.270) BSC
1 2 3 4
*DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.006" (0.152mm) PER SIDE SO8 0695
**DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH. INTERLEAD FLASH SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.010" (0.254mm) PER SIDE
15
Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no represen-
tation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.
LT1510/LT1510-5
U
TYPICAL APPLICATION
Adjustable Voltage Regulator with Precision Adjustable Current Limit
LT1510
0.22F 1N5819
VIN
SW VCC2
+ 18V TO 25V
VCC1 100F
BOOST PROG
30H 1k RPROG
GND VC 0.01F 4.93k
1N914
OVP 0.1F POT
100k 1F
SENSE BAT VOUT
POT
+ 2.5V TO 15V
500F CURRENT LIMIT LEVEL
5k 50mA TO 1A
1510 TA01
U
PACKAGE DESCRIPTION Dimensions in inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted.
S Package
16-Lead Plastic Small Outline (Narrow 0.150)
(LTC DWG # 05-08-1610)
0.386 0.394*
(9.804 10.008)
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9
0.004 0.010
0.010 0.020 0.053 0.069 (0.101 0.254)
45 (1.346 1.752) 0.150 0.157**
(0.254 0.508)
(3.810 3.988)
0.008 0.010 0.228 0.244
(0.203 0.254) 0 8 TYP (5.791 6.197)
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