Deductive reasoning and Inductive reasoning

Introduction

Reasoning is third function of the intellect and is also called inference , which can be defined as
the process by which we can form our own judgment(new) based on other judgments. It is the act
where our mind tries compares two concepts with another third concept in order to perceive
whether the two concepts goes together . there are two ways for reasoning deductive and
inductive reasoning .

Deductive reasoning

An argument is said to be deductive when it claims that the truth of the conclusion is guaranteed
by the truth of its premises. That is when it is intended to prove the validity of an argument when
the truthiness of the premises is to provide strong support to the conclusion. Thus, an argument is
deductively valid when the premise succeed in guaranteeing the conclusion if and only if the
premise provide an absolute support to the conclusion and that it is contradictory to suppose that
the premise are true but the conclusion is false (i.e. invalid).

Therefore, deductive arguments must either meet the above criteria or else it does not ,there is
no common ground . As deductive argument are those in which the accuracy(truth) of the
conclusion is guaranteed completely guaranteed by the truthiness of the premises and if the
argument is a sound one that is a valid argument has a true premises , then the argument is true ,
then the truth of the conclusion is said to be enclosed within the premise of completely requires .
Therefore, deductive arguments limited to inferences that basically follow definitions and rules
of logic in another word that argument is valid due to its logical structure.

Inductive reasoning

inductive reasoning is said to be inductive when it claims that the truth of the premises is likely
and probably support the truthiness of its conclusion . When the premise is based on legitimate
evidence and support to the truth of its conclusion an inductive argument are considered
successful that these should be considered as a general rule in order to determine the inductivity
of an argument .Although it is more realistic to accept the truth of the conclusion based on these
rule , it would not be inconsistent to deny it directly. then, inductive arguments depends upon the
amount of support provided . An arguers use inductive argument when it tries to increase the
probability of the conclusion unlike an arguers using deductive argument when they intend to be
valid.

Inductive arguments may draw conclusion by linking it to an appeal to evidence , authority or

based on an information about a sample of a group (universal) rather than the whole group.

The difference between deductive and inductive arguments

The differences between the two methods of reasoning are based on the relationship that the
arguer tries to undertake to be between the premise and the conclusion .That is if the arguer is
concludes that the truth of the premise completely guarantee the truth of the conclusion the
argument is said to be deductive . On other hand if the arguer does not conclude that the truth of
the premise is not guaranteed by the truth of the conclusion ,but however believes that their truth
provides good support or evidence to believe that the conclusion is true the argument is said to
be inductive.

Therefore , it is possible to distinguish between the two arguments. When arguments

claim(premise) guarantee its conclusion it is a deductive argument while inductive arguments
relatively recommends it.

Conclusion

In conclusion , good reasoning require that the premise must be true as well as the conclusion
must derives and follows from the premise either on deductive validity or inductive strength .

A deductive argument is said to be valid if it meets the following criteria

if the premise of a valid argument is true , its conclusion must also be true.
if the premise is true of a valid argument it is impossible for a conclusion to be false .
example:-Only movie stars live in Hollywood .George Clooney is a movie star
.Therefore, he lives in Hollywood (deductively invalid)

But,
all movie star live in Hollywood. George Clooney lives in Hollywood. Therefore, he is a
movie star (deductively valid).that is given the premise it thus follows necessarily that
George Clooney lives in Hollywood .

example on inductive argument - most snakes are poisonous, the coach whip is a snake .
Therefore, the coach whip is poisonous

Therefore, when given the premise , conclusion follows necessarily that it is deductive
and when the conclusion follows probably , it is inductive