Oscar Garcia

EDU 201
Thursday/11 a.m.
Historical Timeline

1600s

Parochial schools diverse school based on religious beliefs.

Latin grammar schools emphasize Latin, Greek, theology, and philosophy.

Dame schools classes held in kitchen to learn reading, writing, and arithmetic. (school for girls)

Horn book copy of alphabet made from cows horn.

Reading and writing schools boys received high education.

Massachusetts Act of 1942 education was a priority for children.

Massachusetts Act of 1947 education was best protection from evil. Parents paid teachers.

1700s

Benjamin Franklins Academy replaced old Latin grammar school with a curriculum that was

broader and practical and focused on English language. Introduced wide range subjects

emphasized the classics.

Sarah Pierces Female Academy curriculum focused on practical skills and knowledge rather

than classics and was appropriate for girls.

Noah Websters Speller published Noah Websters Elementary Spelling Book and The

American Dictionary (taught morals).

African and Native Americans had a school started by Quakers.

1800s

Horace Mann Father of public schools (common school).

Curriculum General knowledge courses and pedagogy.

Morrill Land-Grant Act Funds for colleges.

Roberts v. City of Boston 1850 Segregation began in schools equal but separate.

Margarethe Schurz opened first kindergarten

Friedrich Froebel focused on child centered curriculum materials in kindergarten.

 Oscar Garcia
EDU 201
Thursday/11 a.m.
Freedmens Bureau schools for African Americans.

NEA founded in 1857 to better teachers benefit and salaries.

Committee of Ten primary function of high schools was to take intellectually elite students and

prepare them for life. Stressed on humanities, languages, and science.

1900s-1950s

Progressivism from 1920-1945 became a new philosophical approach.

John Dewey Everything should be focused on the childs world.

Maria Montesorri children learn based on level of development and readiness to learn.

Lanham Act federal funds to schools.

G.I. Bill of Rights financial aid for veterans.

1950s-Modern Era

Sputnik US blames schools for lack of science and math since Soviets launched first to space.

National Defense Education Act of 1958 sponsored research and innovation in science, math,

modern foreign languages, and guidance.

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 1954 Start of desegration.

1960s

Head Start program where students did great but dissolved over time.

Progressivism and Humanistic Approach

Elementary and Secondary Education Act provided aid to low-income children of limited

English speaking ability.

1970s

Confidence in teachers were low.

A demand for back to basics.

Title IX prohibit sex discrimination.

Indian Education Act Makes native into English people by taking away their beliefs.
 Oscar Garcia
EDU 201
Thursday/11 a.m.
Indochina Migration and Refugee Assistance Act Vietnam allies.

Education for All Handicapped Children Act greater opportunities for children with disabilities.

1980s

Era of teacher bashing.

Nation at risk exemplifies educational reform movement.

Proposals from:

o Mortimer Adler Paideia Proposal (perennialist curriculum).

o Ernest Boyer strengthen academic core.

1900s

Teachers gained leadership

They also created collaborative relationships with parents, students, and principals.

2000s

NCLB in 2001 enacted by Bush

Achievement gap

Barack Obama proposes Race to the Top and Teacher and Leader Innovation Fund.

By 2014, students should leave high school college or career ready. (common core)
 Oscar Garcia
EDU 201
Thursday/11 a.m.
 Oscar Garcia
EDU 201
Thursday/11 a.m.

Religious Emphasis

- 1620 Basic skills needed to learn religious catechisms and read prayers.

- 1636 Latin grammar schools emphasize Latin, Greek, theology, and philosophy.

- 1647 Females taught basics to enable them carry out religious and family responsibilities.

- 1700s Public schools teach reading, writing, and basic mathematics to prepare students for jobs.

Political Emphasis

- 1750s Academies teach secondary students practical curriculum to become tradesmen and

workers.

Utilitarian Emphasis

- 1821 First public high school teaches basic skills and history, geography, health, and physical

training.

- 1860s First English-speaking kindergarten emphasizes growth, activity, play, songs, and stories.

- 1874 Free public schooling includes high school that have vocation and reading, writing, and

mathematics.

Education for Masses

The Excellent Movement

- 1893 Committee of Ten asserts high schools emphasize mental disciplines in humanities,

language, and science.

- 1918 Commission of Reorganization of Secondary Education focuses on individual differences.

- 1930s & 1940s progressive education movement stresses education on students needs and

interests.

- 1957 Soviet Sputnik sparks emphasis on science, mathematics, and oral communication.
 Oscar Garcia
EDU 201
Thursday/11 a.m.
- 1960s Calls for relevancy result in expanded course offerings and electives.

- Mid 1970s Back-to-basics movement emphasize reading, writing, mathematics, and oral

communication.

- 1983 Nation at Risk reports five new basics English, mathematics, science, social studies,

and computer science.

- 1985 Rigorous core curricula advocated at all levels in an effort to increase standards and

quality.

- 1989 The Carnergie Council on Adolescent Development recommends creation of learning

communities and core academic program for middle level students.

- 1990 Bush unveils Goals 2000, identifying six educational goals: readiness for schools, high

school completion, student achievement and citizenship: science and mathematics, adult literacy

and lifelong learning, and safe, discipline, and drug-free schools.

- 1994 Clinton signs into law Goals 2000: Educate America Act.

- 1995 Clinton creates National Information Infrastructure to encourage schools to become

connected to information superhighway.

- 1996 Clinton launches Presidents Educational Technology Initiative.

- 1999 Clinton signs into law Educational Excellence for All Children Act, reauthorizing

Elementary and Secondary Education Act.

High-Stakes Testing; School and Teacher Accountability

- 2002 Bush signs law NCLB Act of 2001.

- 2010 Obama proposes change to NCLB and initiates reauthorization of Elementary and

Secondary Education Act; implements Race to the Top and Teacher and Leader Innovation Fund.

- 2014 all students will leave high school college or career ready.