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VMware VMware Infrastructure 3 Evaluator’s Guide
Table of Contents
1 Getting Started .................................................................................................................................- 2 -
5.4 Creating Virtual Machines from Existing Virtual Machines (Clone) .......................................- 36 -
5.5 Creating Templates and Deploying Virtual Machines from Templates (Deploy from Template) . -
39 -
6.2 Edit Virtual Machine Settings and Add Virtual Machine Hardware Devices..........................- 41 -
1 Getting Started
Customer References
Over 20,000 VMware customers across all geographies and industries realize significant benefits from their VMware
Infrastructure 3 deployments. Visit our website at http://www.vmware.com/customers/ to find out how virtualization
makes IT infrastructure more manageable, flexible and reliable for a number of our customers.
For press and analysts performing a VMware Infrastructure review, please contact your VMware Press and Analyst
Relations to request assistance. VMware press and analyst contact information is available at
http://www.vmware.com/news/pr_contacts.html.
Providing Feedback
We appreciate your feedback on the material included in this guide. In particular, we would be grateful for any
guidance on the following topics:
Please send your feedback to the following e-mail address: docfeedback@vmware.com, with “VMware
Infrastructure 3 Evaluator’s Guide” in the subject line. Thank you for your help in making this guide a
valuable resource.
VMware VMware Infrastructure 3 Evaluator’s Guide
Quick Evaluation Scenario: This environment framework provides a quick path for demonstrating virtualization
benefits such as server consolidation, flexibility and ease of provisioning with a single server and local storage.
This evaluation scenario is recommended if you do not have access to shared storage for your evaluation.
For more information on how to evaluate VMware Infrastructure 3 in a shared storage environment, please use the
VMware Infrastructure 3 Comprehensive Evaluator’s guide at http://www.vmware.com/download/vi/eval.html
Figure 1 shows an overview of the example VMware Infrastructure datacenter deployment used in the quick
evaluation. A single VirtualCenter Server with the default co-located VirtualCenter Server Database is managing a
single ESX Server host using local disk storage. Users access and manage the environment through the VMware
Infrastructure Client and the Web Access Client.
The quick evaluation will walk you through setting up the evaluation environment and then creating and managing
virtual machines to test server consolidation effectiveness and workload performance.
Note that the VI Client can additionally be installed from any Windows client. Simply open a Web browser and go
to the URL for either the VirtualCenter Server or an ESX Server host. The VMware Infrastructure Client is
available at this URL for download. Download and install the VMware Infrastructure Client.
Also, note that all the clients and servers must be able to communicate over the network, so if firewalls are
present between the VirtualCenter Server, managed ESX Server hosts and Virtual Infrastructure clients, ports
will need to be opened to allow communication. Refer to the Installation Guide > Chapter 6 Installing VMware
Infrastructure Management > Configuring Communication between VirtualCenter Components to configure
firewall ports.
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To install the Microsoft Sysprep tools from the Windows operating system CD:
1. Insert the Windows operating system CD into the CD ROM drive (often the D: drive.)
2. Locate the DEPLOY.CAB file in the CD directory, \Support\Tools.
3. Open and expand the DEPLOY.CAB file, using a tool such as Winzip.exe or another tool capable of
reading Microsoft CAB files.
4. Extract the files to the directory appropriate to your Sysprep guest operating system. The following
Sysprep support directories were created during VirtualCenter installation:
C:\<ALLUSERSPROFILE>\Application Data\Vmware\VMware VirtualCenter\sysprep
...\1.1\
...\2k\
...\xp\
...\svr2003\
...\xp-64\
...\svr2003-64\
where <ALLUSERSPROFILE> is usually \Documents And Settings\All Users\. This is where
vpxd.cfg is also located. Select the subdirectory that corresponds to your operating system.
5. Click OK to expand the files. After you have extracted the files from the .cab file, you should see:
...\<guest>\deptool.chm
...\<guest>\readme.txt
...\<guest>\setupcl.exe
...\<guest>\setupmgr.exe
...\<guest>\setupmgx.dll
...\<guest>\sysprep.exe
...\<guest>\unattend.doc
where <guest> is 2k, xp, svr2003, xp 64, or svr2003 64.
6. Repeat this procedure to extract Sysprep files for each of the Windows guest operating systems
(Windows 2000, Windows XP, or Windows 2003) you plan to customize using VirtualCenter.
You are now ready to customize a new virtual machine with a supported Windows guest operating system
when you clone an existing virtual machine.
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6. Once the networking is successfully configured, you will be able to connect to the host remotely using the VI
Client.
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virtual machines, resource pools, and clusters. Use datacenters to create organizational structures so that you can
dedicate virtual configurations to specific departments, build isolated virtual environments for testing, or otherwise
organize your environment.
To create a datacenter:
1. Click Inventory in the
navigation bar to display the
inventory panel.
2. Right click the Hosts &
Clusters folder icon in the
inventory panel, and choose
New Datacenter from the
pop up menu. A datacenter
icon is added to the
inventory.
3. Type a name for your
datacenter such as Eval
Datacenter. If you want to
further subdivide the
datacenter, you can create
folders and folder hierarchies
for specific host or resource
groups. The method for
creating folders is similar to
the method you used to create your datacenter—just choose New Folder instead of New Datacenter.
After you close the wizard, VirtualCenter Server performs the following:
• Searches the network for the host and determines whether the host has any virtual machines.
• Connects the host. If the wizard can’t connect the host, it doesn’t add the host to the inventory.
• Verifies that the host is not already being managed by another datacenter. If so, VirtualCenter displays a
message. If VirtualCenter can connect to the host but for some reason cannot maintain the connection, the
host is added in a disconnected state. This occurs, for example, if the host is already being managed by
another VirtualCenter Server.
• Reads the number of processors on the host and allocates the appropriate number of licenses. The number
of processors is stored in the VirtualCenter database and is verified during each host reconnection and
VirtualCenter startup.
• Verifies that the host version is supported. If not, VirtualCenter checks to see if the host can be upgraded to
a supported version. If the host can be upgraded, the VI Client prompts you to perform an upgrade. After this
sequence completes successfully, the host appears in the VI Client inventory panel.
3. Select Browser Appliance – 288MB and the Virtual Machine Details page is displayed. Click Next.
4. If license agreements are packaged with the appliance, the End User License Agreement page is
displayed. Agree to accept the terms of the licenses and click Next.
5. (Optional) Edit the name and select a
datacenter. A default name might be
provided. You can optionally edit the
name. The name can be up to 80
characters long and can contain
alphanumeric characters and the
underscore ( _ ) and hyphen ( )
characters. It should also be unique
within the virtual machine folder.
Names are case sensitive. Click
Next.
13. If you are installing from a CD-ROM, insert the disk into the VI Client or ESX Server drive.
Conversion of physical machines to virtual machines can be done using VMware Converter. We recommend that
users new to virtualization create new virtual machines from scratch initially or import virtual appliances from
http://www.vmware.com/appliances/
For users familiar with virtualization, physical to virtual machine conversion can be performed in the following
steps:
1. Download VMware Converter onto the physical server being converted (source) or onto a different server
with network access to the source physical server as well as the virtualized server where the virtual machine
will be placed. (destination)
2. Launch the conversion wizard which will guide a user through the conversion specifics
3. Configure the newly created virtual machine once conversion is complete.
5.5 Creating Templates and Deploying Virtual Machines from Templates (Deploy
from Template)
Virtual machines can be converted into templates to speed the creation of additional virtual machines. A good
practice to expedite server provisioning is to convert golden ‘master copy’ virtual machines (with freshly installed
operating systems or operating systems and configured applications) into templates.
To convert an existing virtual machine to a template:
1. Select the virtual machine you want to convert into a template and shut it down if it is running.
2. Right-click on the virtual machine and
select Convert to Template.
VirtualCenter marks that virtual
machine as a template and displays
the task in the Recent Tasks pane.
3. Note that if you are in the Hosts and
Clusters view of the Inventory panel,
the virtual machine converted to a
template will disappear from view.
You can access it by viewing the
Virtual Machines tab of the host or
datacenter, or by switching the
inventory view to Virtual Machines
and Templates using the Inventory
dropdown.
4. For clarity, right-click on the new virtual machine template and rename it to include Template in the
name.
To deploy a new virtual machine from a template, right-click the template and choose Deploy Virtual Machine
from this Template. Name the new virtual machine and select its location (datacenter, host, folder, resource pool,
etc.) and the datastore for its virtual disk files. Optionally select to customize the guest operating system to
customize the virtual machine’s hostname, networking, licenses and administrative credentials.
To deploy a new virtual machine from a template:
1. Select the datacenter that contains the template, and click the Virtual Machines tab. The virtual
machines and templates associated with the datacenter appear in the datacenter panel.
2. Right click the template, and choose
Deploy Virtual Machine from this
Template. The Deploy Template
wizard appears.
3. Give the new virtual machine a name,
select a location, and click Next. The
name can be up to 80 characters long
and can contain alphanumeric
characters and the underscore ( _ )
and hyphen ( ) characters. It should
also be unique across all templates
and virtual machines in the
datacenter. Names are
case insensitive: the name my_vm
is identical to My_Vm .
4. On the Host / Cluster page, select the host on which you want to store the template and click Next.
5. Choose a datastore for the virtual machine, and click Next. You are choosing the datastore in which to
store the files for the virtual machine. You should choose one that is large enough to accommodate the
virtual machine and all of its virtual disk files so that they can all reside in the same place.
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6. On the Select Guest Customization Option page, perform one of these actions:
a. If you do not want to customize your guest operating system, select Do not customize and
click Next.
b. If you want to customize your guest operating system, click one of the other selections as
appropriate.
7. On the Ready to Complete window, review the information for your new virtual machine, select the
Power on the new Virtual Machine after creation check box if you want to power on the virtual
machine immediately, and click Finish. After you click Finish, you cannot use or edit the virtual
machine until the task completes. This might take several minutes. The virtual machine is added to the
datastore.
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6.2 Edit Virtual Machine Settings and Add Virtual Machine Hardware Devices
The Virtual Machine Properties editor and the Add Hardware wizard allow you to edit and configure your existing
virtual machines. These activities are typically performed after you create the virtual machine and install the guest
operating system. The Virtual Machine Properties Editor allows you to change nearly every characteristic of your
virtual machine that you choose when you create the virtual machine. To edit an existing virtual machine
configuration:
1. From the VI Client inventory, select the virtual machine you want to customize.
2. Power off the virtual machine. You cannot edit most virtual machine properties if the virtual machine is
powered on.
3. Right-click on the virtual machine and click Edit Settings. The Virtual Machine Properties dialog box is
displayed.
4. Select one of the following tabs according to
the settings you want to change:
a. Hardware – To add, edit, or remove
hardware from your virtual machine.
The devices that can be added are
serial ports, parallel ports, floppy
drives, DVD/CD-ROM drives,
Ethernet adapters, hard disks and
SCSI devices.
b. Options – To edit power
management settings and other
options.
c. Resources – To edit CPU, memory,
disk, and advanced resource
settings for this virtual machine.
5. Make changes as needed, and click OK.
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You can configure additional virtual hardware for your virtual machine as needed. The following hardware devices
can be added:
• Serial Port
• Parallel Port
• Floppy Drive
• DVD/CD ROM Drive
• Sound card
• Ethernet Adapter
• Hard Disk
• SCSI Controller
To add a hardware device:
1. From the Hardware tab, and click Add to display the Add Hardware Wizard.
2. Select the type of device you want to add, and click Next.
3. Follow the steps in the wizard to add the device.
Adjust these settings and add devices as needed to evaluate their impact on the virtual machines. Refer to the Basic
System Administration Guide > Chapter 12 Configuring Virtual Machines if needed for more information.
CPU Resources Shares Number of CPU shares the resource pool has with respect to the
parent’s total. Sibling resource pools share resources according to
their relative share values bounded by the reservation and limit. You
can choose Low, Normal, or High, or choose Custom to specify a
number that assigns a share value.
Reservation Guaranteed CPU allocation for this resource pool.
Expandable Use this check box to indicate that, if virtual machines are powered on
Reservation in this resource pool, and the reservations of the virtual machines
combined are larger than the reservation of the resource pool, the
resource pool can use a parent’s or ancestor’s resources. Default is
selected.
Limit Upper limit for the amount of CPU the host makes available to this
resource pool. Default is Unlimited. To specify a limit, deselect the
Unlimited check box and type in the number
Memory Resources Shares Number of memory shares the resource pool has with respect to the
parent’s total. Sibling resource pools share resources according to
their relative share values bounded by the reservation and limit. You
can choose Low, Normal, or High, or choose Custom to specify a
number that assigns a share value.
Reservation Guaranteed memory allocation for this resource pool.
Expandable Use this check box to indicate that more than the specified reservation
Reservation should be allocated if resources are available in a parent.
Limit Upper limit for this resource pool’s memory allocation. Default is
Unlimited. To specify a different limit, deselect the Unlimited check
box.
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Let’s create two resource pools on the evaluation server to demonstrate how they work. We’ll create a Test Resource
Pool with a low priority access to CPU resources and then a Production Resource Pool with a high priority access to
CPU resources. To create a resource pool:
1. Right-click on the
intended parent ESX
Server host in the
Inventory panel and
select New Resource
Pool.
2. In the New Resource Pool dialog box, enter the name Test
Resource Pool and change the CPU Resource Shares from
Normal to Low. Notice that the Shares value changes from 4,000 to
2,000 as low provides half the resources of normal. Click OK.
VirtualCenter creates the resource pool and displays it in the
inventory panel.
3. Right-click on the host ESX Server host again and select to create
another resource pool. This time, name the resource pool
Production Resource Pool and change the CPU Resource
Shares from Normal to High. Notice that the Shares value doubles
from 4,000 from to 8,000 to provide double the resources of a normal
share. With a total of 10,000 shares across the two pools, the virtual
machines in the Test Resource Pool will only be able to access 20%
(2,000 of 10,000) of the available CPU resources if the Production
Resource Pool is using the other 80% (8,000 shares of 10,000). As
the CPU Resources is not limited in the configuration, if the virtual
machines in the Production Resource Pool are only using 60% of the
available CPU Resources, the Test Resource Pool will be able to
access the remaining 40% of CPU Resources so that no compute
cycles are wasted.
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When you create a new virtual machine, the Virtual Machine Wizard allows you to add it to a resource pool as part of
the creation process. You can also add an already existing virtual machine to a resource pool as described below.
To add an existing virtual
machine to a resource pool:
1. Select the virtual
machine from any
location in the
inventory. The virtual
machine can be
associated with a
standalone host, a
cluster, or a different
resource pool.
2. Drag the virtual
machine (or
machines) to the
desired resource pool
object.
Go ahead and drag some of your virtual machines into the Production Resource Pool with a high share of resources
and others into the Test Resource Pool with a low share of CPU resources. When you move a virtual machine to a
new resource pool:
• The virtual machine’s reservation and limit do not change.
• If the virtual machine’s shares are high, medium, or low, %Shares adjusts to reflect the total number of
shares in use in the new resource pool.
• If the virtual machine has custom shares assigned, the share value is maintained. If the virtual machine
would receive a very large percentage of total shares, a warning is displayed.
• The information displayed in the Resource Allocation tab about the resource pool’s reserved and unreserved
CPU and memory resources changes to reflect the reservations associated with the virtual machine (if any).
If a virtual machine is powered on, and the destination resource pool does not have enough CPU or memory to
guarantee the virtual machine’s reservation, the move fails because admission control does not allow it. An error
dialog box explains the situation. The dialog box compares available and requested resources, so you can consider
whether an adjustment would resolve the issue.
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You can also export performance data to Excel files for later evaluation
and comparison using the Inventory > Virtual Machine > Report
Performance option.
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The Maps feature of the VI Client provides a visual understanding of the relationships between the virtual and
physical resources available in VirtualCenter. Maps of the items within VirtualCenter are available in the Inventory
through the Maps tabs for hosts, virtual machines, networks, and datastores, (Inventory Maps) and through the Maps
button in the navigation bar (Global Maps).
Global maps are accessible from the
button in the VI Client toolbar and provide
a high-level view of the relationships
between all physical and virtual elements
in the entire VirtualCenter environment. By
selecting or deselecting the boxes on the
side of the inventory, you can see which
clusters or hosts are most densely
populated, which networks are most
critical, and which storage devices are
being utilized (or not). Physical, Virtual,
and Custom map types exist for both
inventory maps and global maps. They
constrain and filter information on a
VirtualCenter-wide level for the global
maps. Click the Maps button in the
navigation bar to view a global map.
Inventory maps are accessible from the inventory view and show a selected item's relevant host, virtual machine,
network, and storage relationships. This makes it easy to understand what items are affected or attached to the item
in question. These maps appear for
folders, datacenters, clusters, resource
pools, and hosts. Physical, Virtual, and
Custom map types exist for both inventory
maps and global maps. They constrain
and filter information on an item-specific
level for the Inventory maps. The Maps
tab is available when you select folders,
datacenters, clusters, resource pools,
hosts, or virtual machines from the
inventory panel of the navigation bar. Click
Inventory in the navigation bar and select
the Inventory Hosts and Clusters or Virtual
Machines and Templates options. Select a
folder, datacenter, cluster, resource pool,
or host inventory object. Click the Maps
tab to view an inventory map.
VMotion resource maps appear only in the
tabs for virtual machines selected in the
inventory. In addition to visual
representations of the resources (hosts,
datastores, and networks) associated with
a virtual machine, these maps display
which hosts in a virtual machine’s cluster
or datacenter are candidate hosts to which
a virtual machine can migrate. Though the
VMotion map is not the last word on
whether VMotion is possible, it provides
information about which hosts are heavily
loaded, which are connected to all the
same resources that the target virtual
machine is connected to, and which hosts
have compatible CPU and software with
the target virtual machine. Click Inventory
in the navigation bar and select the
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Inventory Hosts and Clusters or Virtual Machines and Templates options. Select a virtual machine. Click the Maps
tab to view a VMotion map.
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For additional context, below is a list of applications that VMware customers commonly deploy within virtual
machines. These are all good candidates to evaluate for consolidation onto virtual infrastructure.
8 Next Steps
If you would like to purchase, evaluate or get
more information about VMware
Infrastructure, VMware has a global network
of solutions providers who are ready to help
you. If you'd like to contact VMware directly,
you can reach a sales representative at 1-
877-4VMWARE (650-475-5000 outside
North America) or email
sales@vmware.com. When emailing, please
include the state, country and company
name from which you are inquiring. You can
also visit our online store at
http://www.vmware.com/vmwarestore/.
9 About VMware
VMware (NYSE:VMW) is the global leader in
virtual infrastructure software for industry-standard systems. Organizations of all sizes use VMware solutions to
simplify their IT, fully leverage their existing computing investments and respond faster to changing business
demands. VMware is based in Palo Alto, California and majority-owned by EMC Corporation (NYSE:EMC). For
more information, visit www.vmware.com.
© 2007 VMware. All rights reserved.
VMware VMware Infrastructure 3 Evaluator’s Guide
VMware, Inc. 3401 Hillview Ave Palo Alto CA 94304 USA Tel 877-486-9273 Fax
650-427-5001 www.vmware.com
© 2007 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. Protected by one or more of U.S. Patent Nos. 6,397,242,
6,496,847, 6,704,925, 6,711,672, 6,725,289, 6,735,601, 6,785,886, 6,789,156, 6,795,966, 6,880,022,
6,961,941, 6,961,806, 6,944,699, 7,069,413; 7,082,598 and 7,089,377; patents pending.