Govt.

College of Technology
SWAT
Project Training Report
220kv Mardan Grid Station,
B-Tech (Electrical)
Supervisory Training Program
Session 2013-2017
Affiliated With

University of Engineering and Technology,

Peshawar.
Submitted by:
SHAH MUHAMMAD BILAL
B-Tech Electrical
4th year
Roll no- 1303
Training duration: 6 months
 PREFACE

This report has been created keeping in view the academic needs and learning capabilities
of the students of Electrical engineering. The study of electricity, in which grid station is
a major brick, is of prime importance in the present era. It is even to regulate every field
of life and every field of engineering is incomplete without studying it. This thesis
explains the in depth detail of my research and internship training, during at 220kv
Mardan Grid station, Mardan. The fields of study covers during this training are
Operational Maintenance,Protection and Instrumentation (relays and protection system).
 CONTENTS

SERIAL NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.

1. Introduction 3
2. Definition of Grid station 3
3. Difference between substation and grid station 3
4. Classification of substation 3
5. Functions of substation 4
6. Major power producers and distributors in the country 5
7. Overview of Mardan grid station 6
8. One line diagram of Mardan grid station 7
9. Symbols used in one line diagram 8
10. Components of grid station 9- 13
11. To be continued
 Introduction .3

INTRODUCTION

The present day electrical power system is A.C. i.e., Electrical power is generated, transmitted and distributed in
the form of alternating current. The electrical power is power is produced at the power station, which are
located at favorable places, generally quite away from the consumers. It is delivered to the consumer through a
large network of transmission and distribution. At many places at the line of power system, it is desirable and
necessary to change to change some characteristics (voltage, frequency and power factor etc) of electric supply.
This is accomplished by suitable apparatus called grid stations. For example, generation voltage at the power
house is stepped up to high voltage (say 220kv, 132kv or 500kv) for transmission of electrical power. Similarly
near the consumer localities, the voltage level has to be stepped down to utilization level.

Definition of Grid-station

The assembly of apparatus used to change some characteristics of electrical supply (voltage level, frequency
and power factor etc.) is called grid-station.

Difference between Sub-station and Grid-station

In a grid-station characteristics of electrical supply (voltage level, frequency and power factor etc.) can be
changed, while a sub-station only give or distribute the supply lines.

Classification of substation

There are several ways of classifying sub-station. However the most important ways of classifying then are

1. According to service requirement:

According to service requirement sub-station are classified into.

I. Transformer sub-station:

Those sub-station, which change the voltage level of electrical supply are called transformer s/s.

II. Switching sub-station:

These sub-station simply perform the switching operation of power line.

III. Power factor correction s/s:

These sub-station which improve the power factor of the system are called p.f correction s/s. These sub-station
are generally located at receiving end s/s.
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IV. Frequency changer sub-station:

Those sub-station, which changes the supply frequency are known as frequency substation.

V. Converting sub-station:

Those substation, which convert AC power into DC power are called converting substation. The DC power is
used for electroplating, and electric welding etc.

VI. Industrial sub-station:

Those substation, which supply power to individual industry are known as industrial substation.

2. According to constructional features:

According to constructional features, the substations are classified as:

a) Outdoor sub-station:

For voltage beyond 66kv, equipment is invariably installed outdoor. It is used in high voltages, where the
clearance between conductors is required to be large enough that can be adjusted in an indoor system. Also
there is large space required for switches, C.B and other equipment.

b) Indoor sub-station:

For voltages up to 11kv, the equipment of the substation is installed indoor because of economic consideration.
And also because the open atmosphere can be contaminated with impurities, which can be prevented in this
case. These substation can be used up to 66kv.

c) Underground sub-station:

In thickly populated areas, the space available for equipment and building is limited and the cost of the land is
high. Under such situations, the substation is created underground.
The design of underground s/s requires more careful consideration. For-example, the size of s/s should be
minimum as possible. There should be responsible access for both equipment and personal. There should be
provision for emergency lightning and protection against fire and also the ventilation should be good.

d) Pole mounted sub-station:

This is an outdoor substation with equipment installed overhead on H pole or 4-pole structure. It is the cheapest
form of s/s having voltages not exceeding than 11kv and in some cases 33kv. Electric power is almost
distributed in localities through such s/s. These substations step down the 11kv to 440v.

FUNCTIONS OF A SUB-STATION
i. Supply of required electric power.
ii. Maximum possible coverage of the supply network.
iii. Maximum security of supply.
iv. Shortest possible fault duration.
v. Optimum efficiency of plants and the network.
vi. Supply of electric power within targeted frequency limits, (49.5Hz to 50.5Hz).
vii. Supply of electric power within specified voltage limits.
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viii. Supply of electric energy to the consumers at the lowest cost.

220KV MARDAN GRID STATION, MARDAN .

The Mardan grid station is situated in the locality of Nowshera road Mardan,. It comes under NTDC (National
Transmission and Distribution Company), which is under the supervision of PEPCO (Pakistan Electric Power
Company). And pepco is under wapda. There are four major power producer in the country, which are..

1) WAPDA (water & power development authority).

2) KESCO (Karachi electric supply company).
3) IPPs (Independent power producers).
4) PAEC (Pakistan atomic energy commission).

OVERVIEW OF MARDAN GRID STATION

Mardan 220Kv Grid station located on Mardan Nowshera road. This grid station was commissioned in1983.It
has total of 570 MVA transformation capacity and it feeds vast area of Mardan and Peshawar Divisions.
There are one (01) 250 MVA 220/132kv, two (02) 160 MVA 220/132 kv autotransformers, one (01) 20/26
MVA 132/11kv and one (01) 40 MVA 132/11kv power transformers are installed at this grid station. Four (220)
and ten (10) 132kv circuits link this station to others. This grid station is connected to Tarbella hydro power
stations, Ghazi Barotha hydro power station and Shahi Bagh 220kv grid station through 220kv circuits.

Fig (a)
)Overview of mardan grid station switchyard.
7
Fig (b) one line diagram.

Fig ( c ) .

Different symbols used in one line diagram

 8
SWITCHYARD OVERVIEW:

Fig (2)Overview of shahibagh grid station switchyard.

 CHAPTER

INTRODUCTION OF GRID STATION EQUIPEMENTS

Power Transformers
Power transformers are used in generation and transmission network for stepping-up the
voltage at generating station and stepping-down the voltage for distribution.

Instrument Transformer

Instrument transformers are used to step-down the current or voltage to measurable values. They provide
standardized, useable levels of current or voltage in a variety of power monitoring and measurement
applications.
These are further classified into two types .
a. Current Transformers

b. Voltage Transformers

Both current and voltage instrument transformers are designed to have predictable
characteristics on overload.
a. Current transformer

b. Potential Transformer
 Circuit breakers

Circuit breakers are used for opening or closing a circuit under normal as well as abnormal (faulty) conditions.
The circuit breakers are used to break the circuit if any fault occurs in any of the instrument. Different types of
CBs which are generally used are oil circuit breaker, air-blast circuit breaker, vacuum circuit breaker and SF6
circuit breaker.

Isolators or Isolating switches

Isolators are employed in substations to isolate a part of the system for general maintenance.
Isolator switches are operated only under no load condition. They are provided on each side of

every circuit breaker .

Lightning arresters (LA):
Lightning arresters are the protective devices used for protection of equipment from lightning
strokes. They are located at the starting of the substation and also provided near the transformer

terminals .
 Earth switch:
It is a switch normally kept open and connected between earth and conductor for the purpose of safely
discharging the residual charges on the conductor or circuit to earth. They are provided for the safety of
personnel carrying out work on a piece of equipment .

Wave trap:
This equipment is installed in the substation for trapping the high frequency communication signals sent on the
line from remote substation and diverting them to the telecom panel in the substation control room.

Insulator
The purpose of the insulator is to insulate the electrically charged part of any equipment from another
charged part or uncharged metal part. In case of the high voltage overhead transmission and distribution
insulators are used to insulate the live conductor from the transmission towers. The insulators used in
transmission and distribution system are also required to carry large tensional or compressive load.

Capacitor Voltage Transformer (CVT):

A capacitor voltage transformer (CVT) is a transformer used in power systems to step-down extra high
voltage signals and provide low voltage signals either for measurement or to operate a protective relay .
DC Power Supply
DC power is used to feed essential services such as circuit breaker trip coils and associated relays,
supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and communications equipment.

Bus bar:
This is a very low impedance and high current carrying capacity conductor having multiple numbers of
incoming and outgoing lines electrically connected and operating at the same voltage .
Bus scheme
The Bus scheme is the arrangement of overhead bus bar and associated switching equipment in a
substation.
The operational flexibility and reliability of the substation greatly depends upon the bus scheme .
 Criteria for Selection of Bus Bar Scheme
The Main Criteria to be considered during Selection of one Particular Bus Bar Arrangement
among Others are
(i) Simplicity of system.
(ii) Easy maintenance of different equipment.
(iii) Minimizing the outage during maintenance.

(iv) Future provision of extension with growth of demand.

Bus Bar Arrangements

Some very commonly used bus bar arrangements are:
Single Bus System.
Single bus section system
Double Bus System
Double Breaker System
One and Half Breaker Bus
System Transfer Bus System
Double Bus System with
Bypass Isolator Ring Bus
System

Following are the single line

representation
aa