Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ISRM was founded in 1962, by Prof. Dr. Leopold Mueller Prof. Mueller chosed to release the Rock Testing Commission
of Karlsruhe University, West Germany. findings as separate papers.
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These papers published as Suggested Methods (SM) devised The first collection of these SMs released between 1974
to promote realistic design-related rock-engineering data and 1981 was edited by Prof. Ted Brown and was published
through methods standardized to deliver accurate and by Pergamon Press as the ISRM Yellow Book in 1981.
reproducible numerical results, both from the field and in the
laboratory.
Following Dr. Don Deeres initial work in the late 1960s and
early 1970s in establishing the groundwork and priorities for the
topics to be covered,
THE PROCEDURE
The production of the majority of the early SMs was managed
This first version of by Prof. Richard Bieniawski and Dr. John Franklin who arranged
the ISRM SMs Working Groups to produce successive drafts of each SM.
contained
3 parts and 14 SMs. THEN
The final versions of the SMs were submitted to the IJRMMS
for publication
The early SMs did no authors, only the Woking Group members
were acknowledged
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The Yellow Book was an instant success; however, the
significant amounts of time and effort required to prepare it
led to long lags in publication credits for the contributing
committees of authors.
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Re-publication of the ISRM Suggested Methods
The Yellow Book, is out of print and many new SMs have
been produced since 1981.
Co-Editors: Prof. Resat ULUSAY & Prof. John A. HUDSON
In 2005, Professor John A. Hudson was elected to the But due to continuing uncertainty with Elsevier in terms of re-
Presidency of the ISRM for the period 2007-2011 publishing the ISRMs in book form, the co-editors decided to ask
the ISRM Turkish National Group (TNG) to help in its
Responsibility for the Commission on Testing Methods printing. The TNG accepted to take the responsibility of its
(February 2006) printing in Turkey on behalf of ISRM.
Official permissions were obtained from
Resat ULUSAY
Elsevier (39 SMs) and Springer Verlag (1 SM) in February 2007
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Preface by the ISRM President
- PREFACE
- CONTENTS
- INTRODUCTION
Four parts:
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PART 1. SITE CHARACTERIZATION
ISRM Suggested Methods are presented with - The Quantitative Description of Discontinuities in Rock Masses
standardized formats, each of which has the following
contents:
PART 2. LABORATORY TESTING - Determining Water Content, Porosity, Density, and Related
Properties and Swelling and Slake-Durability Index Properties
- Petrographic Description of Rocks
Swelling test
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- Determining Hardness and Abrasiveness of Rocks Shore scleroscope
scloroscope
Shore
(c) Shore Hardness
Schmidt hammer test was revised by Dr. Adnan Aydn and accepted by ISRM
in 2008 Its upgarded version was published in IJRMMS
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- Determining the Indentation Hardness Index of Rock Materials - Determining Uniaxial Compressive Strength and Deformability
of Rock Materials
Determination of deformability
properties
UCS test
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- Laboratory Testing of Argillaceous Swelling Rocks
- Determining Tensile Strength of Rock Materials
- Laboratory Testing of Swelling Rocks
- Complete Stress-Strain Curve for Intact Rock in Uniaxial - Determining the Fracture Toughness of Rock
Compression
(a) Test using chevron bend specimen (b) Test using short rod specimen
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PART 3. FIELD TESTING
- Determining Mode I Fracture Toughness Using
Cracked Chevron Notched Brazilian Disc Specimens
3.1. DEFORMABILITY TESTS
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- Deformability Determination Using a Large Flat Jack Technique - Deformability Determination Using Dilatometer
Flexible dilatometer
(www.roctest.com)
Stiff dilatometer
Flat jack
(www.masonrysociety.org)
(Yow et al., 1996)
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-In situ Stress Measurement Using the Compact Conical-Ended
- Rock Stress Estimation
Borehole Overcoring (CCBO) Technique
(www.bgr.bund.de)
(www.arstechnologies.com)
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3.3. GEOPHYSICAL TESTING (c) Seismic testing between boreholes
(b)
nana24.tarad.com
www.geologicresources.com/seismic_reflection
(www.iris.iris.edu)
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(c) Electrical (resistivity) method (e) Ground penetrating radar (GPR)
Cavity
www.lithoprobe.ca
(Takahashi et al., 2004)
www.seikensha.com
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3.5. BOLTING AND ANCHORING TESTS
PART 4. MONITORING
- Rockbolting Testing
- Monitoring Rock Movements Using Borehole Extensometers
- Rock Anchorage Testing
Sliding
Kayma
surface
yzeyi
www.vsl-sg.com
www.geotrade.com
www.igh.hr
Inclinometers
Inclinometer and its installation
Inclinometer profiles recorded
www.aracnet.com
(Frederking, 2005)
www.uow.edu.au
egweb.mines.edu
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- Pressure Monitoring Using Hydraulic Cells - Blast Vibration Monitoring
Portable displacement
gauge
Jointmeter
www.heritagegeophysics.com
Gkceoglu (1997)
Ulusay & Gkceoglu (1997, 1998, 1999) Size effect on BPI and its
Sulukcu & Ulusay (2001) use in rock engineering
Ulusay et al. (2001)
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The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) is an inportant input
parameter in rock mass classification systems and in various
design approaches.
approaches.
A standard UCS test requires high quality core samples
Limitations
2. Scope:
Difficulty in weak, stratified and highly fractured rocks
BPI Strength index test to be used for
Alternative test method
(a) indirect determination of UCS
POINT LOAD TEST (b) stregnth classification of intact rock
Presence of thin bedding or schistosity planes
The test measures the size-corrrected BPI value (BPIs) and
strength index in the strongest direction (BPIs90)
(a) (b)
Regular failure Irregular failure
(Valid test result) (In valid test result)
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Strength index in the strongest direction:
5. Calculations
In the case of a testing, which is carried out on specimens prepared from
t :10 mm (reference or equivalent thickness) cores from boreholes inclined at any angle to the weakness planes, if
determination of the strength index in the strongest direction (i.e. loading
Reference diameter (D) : 50 mm (based on previous studies and suggested perpendicular to the weakness plane) is considered, an additional conversion
methods for UCS and Is(50) on BPIs should be done.
Uncorrected BPI: BPI= (10-3Ft.D)/A
BPIc90 = 4.24 e-0.0156 BPIc
Size-corrected BPI: BPIc90: BPIc obtained from
boreholes perpendicular to the
weakness planes (strongest
BPIc = 3499 D-1.3926 t-1.1265 Ft,D direction)
Ft,D : failure load of a specimen of any diameter and any thickness, BPIc : BPIc of the specimen
recorded from the gauge in kN and converted to MN by the from boreholes inclined at any
multiplication of 10-3 angle to the weakness planes.
D and t in mm.
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1. Introduction:
(2) SM FOR THE COMPLETE STERSS-STARIN CURVE FOR The subject of this suggested method is obtaining the complete force-displacement
INTACT ROCK IN UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION curve for intact rock in a laboratory test.
(Fairhurst & Hudson, 1999) Complete stress-strain curve refers to the displacement of the specimen ends from
initial loading, through the linear elastic pre-peak region, through the onset of
significant cracking, through the compressive strength (when the stress-strain curve has
zero gradient), into the post-peak failure locus, and through to the residual strength.
It is important to
understand these two
types of curve in order
to optimize the control
Pre-peak of rock failure.
portion 2. Scope
Post-peak
SM describes
region - recommended testing
and control procedures,
- loading system
hardware
-specimen parameters
for conducting lab. tests
on intact cylindrical rock
specimens for obtaining
complete force-
displacament data.
www.pmi.ou.edu
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6. Calculations
THE BLUE BOOK CAN BE REQUESTED FROM
Compressive stress: = P / A0
Axial strain: a = l / l0 ISRM TURKISH NATIONAL GROUP
Diametric strain and Assoc. Prof. Dr. AYDIN BILGIN
circumferential strain: d = l / d0 (Middle East Technical Univ., Dept. of Mining Engng.,
Ankara, Turkey)
Youngs modulus (E) is usually associated (abilgin@metu.edu.tr)
with pre-peak portion of the complete
stress-strain curve. However, it can also OR
be determined in the post-peak region.
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(5) Upgraded SMs for sonic velocity tests: (8) SM on Abrasivity Test
Co-ordinator: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adnan Aydn from Lester Hall Univ., USA (It is most recently established in April
(aaydin@olemiss.edu) 2009)
Coordinator: Dr. Robert J. Fowell, UK)
(6) SM for monitoring rock movements using GPS system: (R.J.Fowell@leeds.ac.uk)
Co-ordinator: Prof. Dr. Norikazu Shimizu, Yamaguchi University of Japan
(nshimizu@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp)
(RISMEF) - The Commission also intends to establish a WG on the NEEDLE PENETRATION TEST
Coordinator: Prof. Dr. Zuyu Chen from China Institute of Water Resources and
Hydropower Research, China (chenzuyu@iwhr.com)
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ON BEHALF OF THE ISRM, THE COMMISSION ON TESTING METHODS
KINDLY INVITE THE ROCK ENGINEERS TO JOIN TO AND/OR ESTABLISH
WGs FOR NEW SMs AND/OR TO UPGRADE THE CURRENT METHODS
THE END
Prof. Dr. Reat Ulusay Prof. Dr. O. Stephansson Dr. Robert J. Fowell Prof. Dr. Xia-Ting Feng
Prof. Dr. Hasan Gerek
President (Turkey) (Sweeden-Germany) (UK) (China) (Turkey)
Ex-Officio Members:
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