National PVC Technical Guide Book

T
ECH
NIC
ALG
UID
E
I
SO9001:2000 PVCPi
pes PVCFi
tt
ings Sol
ventCe
ment
CENTRALI
NDUSTRI
ESPLC(
REGNO:PQ121)
No312Nawal aRoad, Raj agir
iya,SriLanka
CENTRALFI
NANCE
GROUP
TEL:01 1-2806623/5375001/ 0777530266
Fax:0112806621/5303031
E-Mail:i
nfo@nationalpvc.com
We b:www.nati
onalpvc.com
PIPE SYSTEM
Contents
Pipe System - Introduction
Pipe System - General Information
Pipe System - Product Guide
Pipe System - Design Guide
Pipe System - Handling ,Storage and

Transportation
Pipe System - Installation Guide
Annexure
1 - Basic Properties of uPVC
2 - Chemical Resistance of uPVC
3 - Units of Pressure
4 - Relevant Standards
5 - Useful References
Central Industries PLC 1.1

PIPE SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________ INTRODUCTION
The Organization
Central Industries PLC is an ISO 9001: 2000 system certified company listed on the Colombo Stock
Exchange and a member of the prestigious Central Finance Group which is one of the Sri Lankas leading
finance houses.
The core business of the company is the manufacturing of National uPVC pipes & fittings. Possessing
over two decades of experience in polymer technology & related fields, the company has expanded rapidly,
diversifying into manufacturing, marketing and distributing an array of products related to the construction
industry. At Central Industries PLC, we are proud and competent to offer you unique products.
Products manufactured by CENTRAL INDUSTRIES PLC are subjected to stringent quality assurance tests
before they are released to the market. The customer there fore can be assured of a quality product. This is
the guarantee given by CENTRAL INDUSTRIES PLC to their customers.
The rapid advancement of the company is due to the principles of continuous improvement which have
always been an inspiration to everyone within the company.
The company markets their products to the retail trade through their extensive Dealer Network covering
the entire island through distributors.
The corporate clients are serviced by the Corporate Division. The Corporate Clientele comprises all
leading Contractors, Architects, Engineers and all stake holders in the construction industry.
Central Industries PLC is actively pursuing plans for progressive growth with view of becoming a key
player in the supply of materials and services to the construction industry
The company head office has shifted to its own spacious and customer friendly location with a modern air
conditioned showroom with ample parking facility at # 312, Nawala Road, Rajagiriya.
The Chairman of Central Industries PLC is Mr. G.S.N.Peiris who is Group Finance Director of Central
Finance PLC. The Director/CEO is Mr. Newton Wickramsuriya.
National uPVC Pipe System Catalogue

This publication contains information on Product, Features, Applications and Technical Information.
Supply
National uPVC Pipes, Fittings & Solvent Adhesives are available from stock, through an island wide
network of Dealers & through a direct to site distribution from our Projects Division. Telephone
No.0115303085
Head Office:
Central Industries PLC
No 312, Nawala Road
Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka
Tel: 5303005/0112806623
Fax: 0112806621/0115303031
www.nationalpvc.com
sales@nationalpvc.com

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________ INTRODUCTION

PIPE SYSTEM
_________________________________________INTRODUCTION
_____________________________________INTRODUCTION

PIPE SYSTEM
_________________________________________INTRODUCTION
____________________________________INTRODUCTION

PIPE SYSTEM
_________________________________________INTRODUCTION

PIPE SYSTEM
GENERAL INFORMATION

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________GENERAL INFORMATION
Manufacturing Standard
National uPVC" Pipes and Fittings are Pipes are classified into Types according to the
manufactured in conformity to Sri Lanka Standards working pressure ratings at 29 0 C. By definition the
which are based on the standards set by the Working pressure rating is the maximum pressure
International Standards Organization (ISO). Items that the medium in the pipe can exert continuously
not covered by Sri Lanka Standards are with a high degree of certainty that failure of the pipe
manufactured in conformity to relevant International will not occur. The pipe classification is as follows:
Standards.
The International Organization for Standards (ISO) is

a worldwide federation of National Standards Type of pipe Working Pressure
Institutions which has been constituted to develop Rating
International Standards. ISO technical committees
develop International Standards in liaison with other Type 1000 1000 kPa
relevant governmental and nongovernmental Type 600 600 kPa
international Organizations. Draft Standards prepared Type 400 400 kPa
by the ISO are referred to National Standards Type 250 250 kPa
Institutions which are ISO member bodies prior to
approval as International Standards by the ISO
council. The Sri Lanka Standards Institution The requirement stipulated in SLS 147:1993 broadly
represents Sri Lanka in the ISO. covers, materials, dimensions, physical & chemical
properties and mechanical properties.
Standard for uPVC Pipes
SLS 147:2013 cover rigid unplasticized Polyvinyl The material requirement is mainly for controlling
Chloride pipes for potable cold water supplies. use of additives, excessive use of which could impair
the chemical, physical or mechanical properties.
The nominal sizes of uPVC Pipes are based on the
outside diameter of the pipes as per ISO The dimensions for the four pressure classes of pipes
requirements. The nominal size of uPVC pipes and are as the above table. The dimensions cover, outside
the approximate equivalent size in inches are diameter, internal diameter and wall thickness, the
tabulated below. minimum and maximum limits being specified. The
standards also stipulate the standard manufacturing
Nominal Size Approximate equivalent lengths of pipes.
(mm) pipe size (inch)
20 1/2 Physical properties such as opacity, colour, heat
25 3/4 reversion and chemical properties such as effect on
32 1 water quality (toxicity) and resistance to chemicals is
40 1 1/4 covered in the standards.
50 1 1/2
63 2 The mechanical properties include flattening
75 2 1/2 resistance, tensile strength, internal hydrostatic
90 3 pressure and resistance to impact.
110 4
140 5
160 6
225 8
280 10

PIPE SYSTEM
______________________________GENERAL INFORMATION
Standards for uPVC Fittings Standards for Solvent Cement

SLS 659: part 1: 1993 covers unplasticized PVC The Sri Lanka Standard for solvent cement for
Pipe joints and fittings suitable for solvent uPVC pipes and fittings is SLS 935:1991.
welding
Solvent cement is recommended for use with uPVC
The pipe fittings are categorized as, pipes and fittings defined in SLS 147: and SLS 659:
Part 1 respectively to a maximum nominal pipe
a. Moulded products by injection moulding diameter of 150mm. Solvent cement consists of
b. Heat processed products from pipes conforming polymers, stabilizers and a substantial proportion of
to SLS147 solvent that will swell unplasticized PVC. The main
requirements specified in the standards are bond
Both categories of pipe fittings are classified strength, hydrostatic burst strength, solvent cement
according to the working pressure ratings at 29 0 C film properties and storage stability.
as follows.
Type of Pipe Fitting Working Pressure Standards for Rubber Rings

Rating
Type 1000 1000 kPa BS 2494:1990/ BS: EN 681-1

Type 600 600 kPa
*Use rubber Compound - EPDM
*Hardness 55+-5 IRH
The minimum wall thickness for injection moulded
fittings is 3mm. For heat processed fittings the wall
Superior Features:
thickness at any point of the fitting shall not be less
Excellent physical properties, as for example:
than 90% of the wall thickness of the pipe.
*High stress relaxation
The other dimensional parameters specified in the
*Low compression set at high and low temperatures
standards are minimum socket length, mean socket
*Resistant to microbiological attack according to
inside diameter, out-of-roundness tolerance and
British Standard 2494
laying lengths. Mechanical properties specified
*Approved for use in drinking water in conjunction
include internal hydraulic pressure and flattening
With plastic pipe according to KTW
resistance.
(Recommendation For plastics and
drinking water) part 1.3.13 Board of Health BGA.

PIPE SYSTEM
_______________________________GENERAL INFORMATION
Material
National uPVC Pipes and fittings are
Material manufactured from unplasticized (Rigid) Polyvinyl
Chloride.
uPVC pipe is firmly established as a sound

engineering product offering an alternative to
pipes manufactured from the more traditional
materials.
Over the past thirty years, particularly in the

water industry, uPVC pipe has steadily gained
acceptance.
Applications
Pressure pipes and Fittings Systems. Water Supply
Soil Waste and Drainage System. Drainage systems

Sewerage and waste systems
Vent Line
Electrical Insulation System. Electrical insulation systems
Telecommunication ducting
Special Pipe System. Tube wells
Sea water aqua culture
Irrigation systems
Sprinkler systems
Chemical plants special purpose systems

PIPE SYSTEM
_______________________________GENERAL INFORMATION
Features
Corrosion free National uPVC Pipes and fittings are unaffected by both internal and
external corrosive attacks by a wide range acids, alkalis and salts.
Non Toxic National uPVC Pipe Systems are ideal for potable cold water. They
conform to World Health Organization requirements for potable
transportation.
Exceptionally Smooth Mirror Smooth Inner Walls minimize Frictional Losses and discourage
deposit formation.
Non Conductive uPVC is an Integral Electrical Insulation with high dielectric strength
Fire Resistance National uPVC Pipes are fire resistant and self extinguishing.
Light Weight One sixth the weight of steel systems. National uPVC Pipes and fittings
are easy to transport, handle and install.
Size and Pressure Range National uPVC Pipe systems are manufactured in sizes ranging from 20
mm to 280 mm. Standard pressure ratings start at 250 Kpa and goes up to
1000 kPa (Class 250 to 1000)
Quick Site Jointing Cold solvent joining gives extremely strong chemical weld and rubber ring
joining gives extremely strong reliable and permanent installation without
costly equipment. Demountable mechanical joints (Flanges, repair couplings
unions and screwed joints) are also available as standard.
Longer Service Life The Calculated service life of the pipe is 50 years, with a
safety factor of 2.5

PIPE SYSTEM
______________________________GENERAL INFORMATION
National uPVC Quality Assurance Scheme

National uPVC Pipes are manufactured under strict Quality Assurance Systems. The Company has implemented
a Total Quality management program which ensures that quality concepts are extended to all areas of management.
Product, quality is guaranteed through systematic inspection and test procedures instituted from raw material
analysis stage through process inspection and final product analysis. Applications of modern extrusion
technologies minimize process variation ensuring strict control of the process. Documentation of Quality Policy,
Procedures and Work Instructions has lead to standardization of all activities in the company. The Quality
Assurance System described above ensures a Quality product and service to all our Customers.
Further, consequent to the award of SLS certification in 1987, the Sri Lanka Standards Institution carries out
regular sampling and testing of National uPVC pipes to ensure compliance with SLS 147:1993.
Test Objectives and the Real Benefits to the National uPVC Customer.
Test or Observation for National Objectives
uPVC Pipes and Fittings.
Mean outside Diameter To ensure National uPVC pipes perfectly fit with National uPVC
fittings.
Wall thickness To ensure National uPVC pipes and fittings having uniform wall
thickness.
Effect of material on water quality To ensure National uPVC pipes and fittings in contact with drinking
water,
1. Should not constitute a toxic hazard,
2. Should not support microbial growth,
3. Should not give rise to any unpleasant taste or odor or to
Cloudiness or discoloration.
To ensure National uPVC pipes and fittings withstand sulphuric acid
within specification.
Longitudinal reversion test To ensure National uPVC pipes can be heat processed without any
damage to the pipe.
Flattening test To ensure National uPVC pipes and Fittings make or become flat
within specifications.
Tensile test To ensure National uPVC pipes are capable of being stretched within
Specifications.
Hydraulic characteristics test To ensure National uPVC pipes and fittings can be used within
Recommended pressure.
Inside Diameter of Socket To ensure National uPVC fittings perfectly fit with National uPVC
pipes.
Solvent Cement
National uPVC solvent cement Objectives

Test parameters.
Bond Strength To ensure perfect bond between pipes and fittings.
Hydrostatic burst strength To ensure perfect bond and that can withstand recommended pressure

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
Pressure Pipes and Fittings System
Soil Waste and Drainage System
Electrical Insulation System
Special Pipe System

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
uPVC Pressure Pipes and Fittings System

Diameter Wall Thickness and Length Dimensions
Solvent Socketed Pipe for cold
water service
SLS 147: 1993
ISO 161/1:1978
Nominal Mean Outside Length TYPE 250 kPa TYPE 400 kPa TYPE 600 kPa TYPE 1000 kPa
Diameter Diameter ( Dm ) L ( 2.5 PN ( 4 PN ( 6 PN ( 10 PN
Nominal Pressure ) Nominal Pressure) Nominal Pressure ) Nominal Pressure )
Nominal Thickness Nominal Thickness Nominal Thickness Nominal Thickness

mm Mini Max Metre. Internal Min Max Internal Min Max Internal Min Max Internal Min Max
mm mm Diamete mm mm Diameter mm mm Diameter mm mm Diameter mm mm
r mm mm mm
mm
20 20.0 20.3 4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 18 1.2 1.6
25 25.0 25.3 4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 22 1.5 1.9
32 32.0 32.3 4 -- -- -- -- -- -- 30 1.2 1.6 28 1.9 2.3
40 40.0 40.3 4 -- -- -- -- -- -- 37 1.5 1.9 35 2.3 2.8
50 50.0 50.3 4 -- -- -- 47 1.2 1.6 46 1.8 2.2 44 2.9 3.4
63 63.0 63.3 4 -- -- -- 60 1.5 1.9 58 2.3 2.8 55 3.7 4.3
75 75.0 75.3 4 -- -- -- 71 1.8 2.2 69 2.7 3.2 65 4.4 5.1
90 90.0 90.3 6 -- -- -- 85 2.2 2.7 83 3.2 3.8 79 5.2 6.0
110 110.0 110.4 6 106 1.7 2.1 104 2.7 3.2 102 3.9 4.5 97 6.4 7.3
140 140.0 140.5 6 -- -- -- -- -- -- 128 5.0 5.7 123 8.1 9.2
160 160.0 160.5 6 155 2.5 3.0 152 3.9 4.5 148 5.7 6.5 140 9.2 10.4
225 225.0 225.7 6 -- -- -- 214 5.4 6.2 208 8.0 9.0 198 13.0 14.5
280 280.0 280.9 6 -- -- -- 266 6.7 7.6 259 9.9 11.1 246 16.1 18.0
All dimensions are in millimeters unless stated other wise
NOTE: The above pipes are available with plain ended (PE) or solvent socketed (SS)
Bell Formed Pipes for cold water service

SLS 147: 1993
ISO 161/1:1978
Nominal Mean Outside Length TYPE 250 kPa TYPE 400 kPa TYPE 600 kPa TYPE 1000 kPa
Diamete Diameter ( Dm L ( 2.5 PN ( 4 PN ( 6 PN ( 10 PN
r ) Nominal Pressure ) Nominal Pressure) Nominal Pressure ) Nominal Pressure )
Nominal Thickness Nominal Thickness Nominal Thickness Nominal Thickness

mm Mini Max Metre. Internal Min Max Internal Min Max Internal Min Max Internal Min Max
mm mm Diameter mm mm Diameter mm mm Diameter mm mm Diameter mm mm
mm mm mm mm
63 63.0 63.3 4 -- -- -- 60 1.5 1.9 58 2.3 2.8 55 3.7 4.3
75 75.0 75.3 4 -- -- -- 71 1.8 2.2 69 2.7 3.2 65 4.4 5.1
90 90.0 90.3 6 -- -- -- 85 2.2 2.7 83 3.2 3.8 79 5.2 6.0
110 110.0 110.4 6 106 1.7 2.1 104 2.7 3.2 102 3.9 4.5 97 6.4 7.3
160 160.0 160.5 6 155 2.5 3.0 152 3.9 4.5 148 5.7 6.5 140 9.2 10.4
225 225.0 225.7 6 -- -- -- 214 5.4 6.2 208 8.0 9.0 198 13.0 14.5
280 280.0 280.9 6 -- -- -- 266 6.7 7.6 259 9.9 11.1 246 16.1 18.0
_________________________________________________________
PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

Diameter and Wall Thickness Dimensions
Cold water service
(According to proposed SLS147 Which similar
SLS 147: 2013
to ISO 4422)
ISO 161/1:1978
Size Mean Maximum PNT 7 PNT 9 PNT 11 (PN PNT 14

Diameter Ovality (PN 8) (PN 10) 12.5) (PN 16)
Wall Wall Wall Wall

(mm) (mm) (mm) thickness thickness thickness thickness
(mm) (mm)) (mm) (mm)
20 1.5-1.9
25 1.5-1.9 1.9-2.3
32 + 0.2 0.5 1.5-1.9 1.6-2.0 1.9-2.3 2.4-2.9
40 - 0.0 1.6-2.0 1.9-2.3 2.4-2.9 3.0-3.5
50 0.6 2.0-2.4 2.4-2.9 3.0-3.5 3.7-4.3

63 2.5-3.0 3.0-3.5 3.8-4.4 4.7-5.4
75 + 0.3 0.8 2.9-3.4 3.6-4.2 4.5-5.2 5.6-6.4
90 - 0.0 1.1 3.5-4.1 4.3-5.0 5.4-6.2 6.7-7.6

110 + 0.4 1.4 3.4-4.0 4.2-4.9 5.3-6.1 6.6-7.5
- 0.0
140 + 0.5 1.7 4.3-5.0 5.4-6.2 6.7-7.6 8.3-9.4
160 - 0.0 2.0 4.9-5.6 6.2-7.1 7.7-8.7 9.5-10.7
225 + 0.7 2.7 6.9-7.8 8.6-9.7 10.8-12.1 13.4-15.0
- 0.0
280 + 0.9 3.4 8.6-9.7 10.7-12.0 13.4-15.0 16.6-18.5
- 0.0
These pressure classes derived from the ISO specified pressure classes, PN 8, PN 10, PN 12.5, PN 16 PN 20 and PN 25
respectively.
THESE PRESSURE CLASSES SUPERSEDE THE PREVIOUSLY SPECIFIED VALUES, T 250, T 400, T 600 AND T
1000 AND THESE WILL NOT BE USED IN FUTURE.
Above values denote the safe working pressure or the Nominal Pressure of the water works system in kgf/cm2 at relevant
working temperatures. PNT is calculated to be used at 300 C.

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
Preformed ends
Pipes are manufactured with plain square cut ends. They can be supplied as manufactured or with one
preformed end, Socketed for solvent welding or Bell end with chamfered other end for rubber ring seal
joint.
Socketed joint for Solvent welding Bell end for Rubber Ring seal joint
Nominal Size Pipe Socket Nominal Pipe Socket d max

Length Length Size Length Length l Socket outside diameter
L l L
mm mm mm mm
mm mm mm
20 4000 20 PN PN PN PN
25 4000 24 10 6 4 2.5
32 4000 28
40 4000 34 63 4000 110 88 85 84 --
50 4000 41 75 4000 115 103 100 98 --
63 4000 50 90 6000 120 121 118 116 --
75 4000 59 110 6000 130 145 141 139 137
90 6000 69 160 6000 150 204 198 195 --
110 6000 83 225 6000 170 281 272 269 --
140 6000 104 280 6000 190 345 334 328 --
160 6000 118
225 6000 164
280 6000 202
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
Injection Moulded Fittings Range
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Socket
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Solvent socket
Nominal A B C
Size (mm)
mm mm mm
20 17.5 3 38 **
25 20.0 3 43 **
32 23.5 3 50 **
40 28.0 3 59 **
50 33.0 3 69 **
63 39.5 3 82 **
75 43.5 3 90
90 51.0 5 107
110 61.0 9 131
For connecting pipes.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Reducing Socket
Nominal A B C D
Size (mm)
mm mm Mm mm
25x20 17.5 20.0 3.0 40.5 **
32x20 17.5 23.5 3.0 40.0 **
32x25 20.0 23.5 3.0 46.5 **
40x20 17.5 28.0 13.0 58.5 **
40x32 23.5 28.0 3.0 54.5 **
50x20 17.5 33.0 18.0 68.5 **
50x32 23.5 33.0 3.0 59.5 **
50x40 28.0 33.0 3.0 64.0 **
63x20 17.5 40.0 24.5 82.0 **
63x32 23.5 40.0 18.5 82.0 **
63x40 28.0 40.0 14.5 82.5 **
63x50 33.0 40.0 9.5 82.5 **
Used to a convert different pipe sizes.
______________________________________________________________________________________
** All are National Injection moulded fittings conform to SLS 659 certification and suitable for
Type 1000 kPa (10 PN) pressure class .
*Threads if precast on National fittings comply with BS 21: pipe thread specifications.

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Socket
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Valve Socket
Nominal A B C D E
Size (mm)
mm mm mm mm (INCH)
20 17.5 22 14 39.5 1/2 **
25 20.0 24 15.5 44 3/4 **
32 23.5 27 17 50.5 1 **
40 28.0 30 19.5 58 1 1/4 **
50 33.0 31 19.5 64 1 1/2 **
63 39.5 37 24 76.5 2 **
75 43.5 42 31 85.5 2 1/2
90 51.0 45.5 34 96.5 3
110 61.0 51 39 112 4
Used for connecting brass valves, service ferrules ,and

G.I . pipe sockets
______________________________________________________________________________________
Faucet Socket
Nominal A B C D E
Size (mm)
mm mm mm mm (INCH)
20 17.5 4 14 35.5 1/2 **
25 20.0 4 15.5 39.5 3/4 **
32 23.5 4 17.5 46 1 **
40 28.0 4 19.5 57.5 1 1/4 **
50 33.0 6 19.5 57.5 1 1/2 **
63 39.5 6 24 69.5 2 **
75 43.5 17.8 30.2 91.5 2 1/2
90 51.0 22.7 33.3 107 3
110 61.0 27.7 39.3 128 4
Used for connecting bib taps, other appliances and

G.I.pipes.
______________________________________________________________________________________

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Elbows
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Elbow 90 0
Nominal A B C
Size (mm)
mm mm mm
20 17.5 11.0 28.5 **
25 20.0 13.5 33.5 **
32 23.5 17.5 41 **
40 28.0 21.5 49.5 **
50 33.0 27.0 60 **
63 39.0 33.5 73 **
90 51.0 48.0 99 **
110 61.0 60.0 121 **
Used for short turns of 90 0. These are not advisable in

Large diameter pipes as they restricts the flow due to
turbulence.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Faucet Elbow
Nominal A B C D E
Size
mm mm mm mm mm (INCH)
**
20 17.50 11.00 25.00 28.50
Suitable for bib tap connection as it reduces the offset

length to a minimum.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
*Threads if precast on National fittings comply with BS 21: pipe thread specifications

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tees
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Equal Tee
Nominal A B C
Size (mm)
mm mm mm
20 17.5 11.0 28.5 **
25 20.0 13.5 33.5 **
32 23.5 17.5 41 **
40 28.0 21.5 49.5 **
50 33.0 27.0 60 **
63 39.5 33.5 73 **
75 43.5 40.5 84 **
90 51.0 48.0 99 **
110 61.0 61.0 122 **
Used for junctions and bypasses in pipe networks.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Reducing Tee
Nominal A B C D E
Size
mm mm mm mm mm mm
25x20 20 17.5 13.6 31.1 33.6 **
32x20 23 17.5 17.1 34.6 40.6 **
32x25 23 20.5 17.1 37.6 40.6 **
40x20 28 17.5 17.0 38.5 45.0 **
40x25 28 20.5 21.0 41.5 49.0 **
40x32 28 23.5 17.0 44.5 45.0 **
50x20 33 17.5 26.0 43.5 59.0 **
50x32 33 23.5 26.0 49.5 59.0 **
50x40 33 28.0 26.0 54.0 59.0 **
63x20 40 17.5 11.0 50.5 51.0 **
63x32 40 23.5 17.0 56.5 57.0 **
63x40 40 28.0 21.0 61.0 61.0 **
63x50 40 33.0 26.0 66.0 66.0 **
90x63 53 40 46 86 99 **
110x63 63 40 58 98 121 **
110x90 63 53 58 111 121 **
Used for junctions and bypasses in pipe networks.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
*Threads if precast on National fittings comply with BS 21: pipe thread specifications

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tees
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Faucet Tee
Nominal A B C E
Size
mm mm mm Mm (inch)
20 17.5 11 14 1/2 **
Suitable for bib tap connection as it reduces the offset

length to a minimum.
______________________________________________________________________________________
End cap
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
End cap
Nominal A B
Size (mm)
mm mm
20 20 17.5 **
25 25 20.0 **
32 32 23.5 **
40 40 28.0 **
50 50 33.0 **
63 63 39.5 **
75 75 43.5
90 90 51.0 **
110 110 61.0 **
140 140 76.0
160 160 86.0
Used at the terminating point of a pipe line.
______________________________________________________________________________________

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
______________________________________________________________________________________
Clamp saddle
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Clamp saddle
Nominal
Size
mm
50 x 20
50 x 25
63 x 20
63 x 25
63 x 32
75 x 20
75 x25
75 x 32
90 x 20
90 x 25
90 x 32
110 x 20
110 x 25
For connecting a service pipe to the main pipe line, a uPVC
110 x 32
Clamp saddle could be used. The two halves of the clamp 160 x 20
saddle are bolted together on straight uPVC pipes ,as shown in 160 x 25
the diagram. 160 x 32
The rubber gasket around the outlet of the clamp saddle would 225 x 20
be in a compressed position against the external surfaces of the 225 x 25
pipe after bolting. 225 x 32
______________________________________________________________________________________

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
______________________________________________________________________________________
PVC Ball Valves
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
BSP WORKING
SIZE THREAD PRESSURE
SIZE (Bar)
20 mm 10
1 32 mm 1 10
1 50 mm 1 10
______________________________________________________________________________________
uPVC Cable Trunking.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Cable Trunking.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Cable Trunking
SIZE (mm) Dimension (mm)
Width Height
height 16x10 16 10
20x16 20 16
25x16 25 16
width
_________________________________________________________
PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
Fabricated Fittings Range
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Socket
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Repair Socket (Solvent Socketed Type)
Nominal A
Size
mm mm
20 20
25 24
32 28
40 34
50 41
63 50
75 59
90 69
110 83
140 104
160 118
Used for repair of pipes ,curing should be allowed

prior to restoration of flow.
______________________________________________________________________________________
Coupler
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Repair Coupler Short (Ring seal type)
Nominal A B
Size mm mm
mm
63 245 180
75 265 190
90 270 195
110 295 215
160 350 250
225 405 295
280 465 315
Consists of two rubber seals either side used for

speedy repair of pipes.
______________________________________________________________________________________
*All National uPVC fittings described above are available in Type 1000 kPa (10 PN) as well as
Type 600 kPa (6 PN) pressure class.

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Coupler
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Repair Coupler Long (Ring seal type)
L2 L Nominal L L1 L2
Size mm mm mm
mm
63 120 10 196
d 90 135 10 229
110 145 330 346
160 170 340 363
225 205 540 462
L1 280 220 600 460
Consists of two rubber seals either side used for

speedy repair of pipes.
______________________________________________________________________________________
Bell form Reducer
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bell form Reducer

Nominal L1 L2
Size mm mm
mm
63 x 50 145 65
75 x 63 145 160
90 x 75 170 165
110 x 90 185 170
160 x 110 245 175
225 x 160 310 210
280 x 225 375 250
______________________________________________________________________________________
*All National uPVC fittings described above are suitable for Type 1000 kPa (10 PN)
pressure class unless stated otherwise.

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
________________________________________PRODUCT

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bends
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bend Socket /Socket (Solvent Type)

Nominal Angle r A B
Size Deg. radius of mm mm
mm d curvature
mm
20 11 1/4 55 20 35
22 1/2 55 20 35
45 55 20 35
90 55 20 35
25 11 1/4 60 24 50
22 1/2 60 24 50
45 60 24 50
90 60 24 50
32 11 1/4 75 28 65
22 1/2 75 28 65
45 75 28 65
90 75 28 65
40 11 1/4 95 34 75
22 1/2 95 34 75
45 95 34 75
** All these Bends are heat treated and formed 90 95 34 75
out of PVC pipes manufactured to SLS 147
Specification without any welded joint . 50 11 1/4 125 41 90
Socket dimension Conform to SLS 695 22 1/2 125 41 90
specification 45 125 41 90
90 125 41 90
63 11 1/4 160 50 105

22 1/2 160 50 105
45 160 50 105
**All dimension in millimeters 90 160 50 105
Used where long radius turns are required,

smaller friction loss compared to elbow.
______________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
*Any intermediate angles can be supplied on request. Contact the Technical Division.

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
________________________________________PRODUCT
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bends
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bend Socket /Socket (Solvent Type)
Nominal Angle r A B
mm d curvature
mm
75 11 1/4 188 59 125

22 1/2 188 59 125
45 188 59 125
90 188 59 125
90 11 1/4 250 69 140

22 1/2 250 69 140
45 250 69 140
90 250 69 140
110 11 1/4 315 83 170

22 1/2 315 83 170
45 315 83 170
90 315 83 170
160 11 1/4 480 118 270

22 1/2 480 118 270
45 480 118 270
90 480 118 270
225 11 1/4 675 175 360

** All these Bends are heat treated and formed 22 1/2 675 175 360
out of PVC pipes manufactured to SLS 147 45 675 175 360
Specification without any welded joint . 90 676 175 360
Socket dimension Conform to SLS 695
specification 280 11 1/4 840 220 448
22 1/2 840 220 448
45 840 220 448
**All dimension in 90 840 220 448
millimeters
Used where long radius turns is required, smaller
friction loss compared to elbow
_______________________________________________________
*All National uPVC fittings described above are available iinn Type 1000 kPa (10 PN) as well as

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bends
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bend Socket /Spigot (Solvent Type)
Nominal Angle r A B
mm d curvature
mm
20 11 1/4 55 20 35
22 1/2 55 20 35
45 55 20 35
90 55 20 35
B 25 11 1/4 60 24 50
22 1/2 60 24 50
45 60 24 50
90 60 24 50
32 11 1/4 75 28 65
22 1/2 75 28 65
45 75 28 65
90 75 28 65
40 11 1/4 95 34 75
Specification without any welded joint . 90 95 34 75
Socket dimension Conform to SLS 695
specification 50 11 1/4 125 41 90
22 1/2 125 41 90
45 125 41 90
90 125 41 90
63 11 1/4 160 50 105

22 1/2 160 50 105
45 160 50 105
90 160 50 105
. Used where long radius turns are required, smaller

**All dimension in millimeters friction loss compared to elbow
______________________________________________________________________________________
PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bends
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Nominal Angle r A B
mm d curvature
mm
75 11 1/4 188 59 125
22 1/2 188 59 125
45 188 59 125
90 188 59 125
90 11 1/4 250 69 140

22 1/2 250 69 140
45 250 69 140
B 90 250 69 140
110 11 1/4 315 83 170

22 1/2 315 83 170
45 315 83 170
90 315 83 170
160 11 1/4 480 118 270

45 480 118 270
Specification without any welded joint .
Socket dimension Conform to SLS 695 225 11 1/4 675 175 360
specification 22 1/2 675 175 360
45 675 175 360
90 676 175 360
280 11 1/4 840 220 448

22 1/2 840 220 448
45 840 220 448
90 840 220 448
Used where long radius turns are required ,

**All dimension in millimeters smaller friction loss compared to elbow
______________________________________________________________________________________
*Any intermediate angles can be supplied on request. Contact the Technical Division

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bends
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bend Socket /Spigot (Ring Seal Type)

Nominal Angle r A B C
B A Size Deg. radius of mm mm mm
Mm d curvature
mm
63 11 1/4 137 120 105 125
22 1/2 137 120 105 125
45 137 120 105 125
90 137 120 105 125
B
75 11 1/4 188 125 120 130
22 1/2 188 125 120 130
45 188 125 120 130
90 188 125 120 130
90 11 1/4 250 130 140 135

22 1/2 250 130 140 135
45 250 130 140 135
90 250 130 140 135
110 11 1/4 315 150 170 155

22 1/2 315 150 170 155
45 315 150 170 155
90 315 150 170 155
160 11 1/4 480 175 270 180

22 1/2 480 175 270 180
45 480 175 270 180
90 480 175 270 180
225 11 1/4 675 205 330 230

22 1/2 675 205 330 230
45 675 205 330 230
**All dimension in millimeters 90 676 205 330 230
280 11 1/4 840 245 400 260

22 1/2 840 245 400 260
45 840 245 400 260
90 840 245 400 260
Used where long radius turns are required ,

smaller friction loss compared to elbow
______________________________________________________________________________________
Central Industries PLC. 3 17 .

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bends
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bend Socket /Socket (Ring Seal Type)
Nominal Angle r A B C
Size Deg. radius of mm mm Mm
B A Mm d curvature
mm
63 11 1/4 160 110 105 125

22 1/2 160 110 105 125
45 160 110 105 125
B 90 160 110 105 125
75 11 1/4 188 115 120 130

22 1/2 188 115 120 130
45 188 115 120 130
90 188 115 120 130
A 90 11 1/4 250 120 140 135

22 1/2 250 120 140 135
45 250 120 140 135
90 250 120 140 135
110 11 1/4 315 130 170 155

22 1/2 315 130 170 155
45 315 130 170 155
** All these Bends are heat treated and formed
90 315 130 170 155
out of PVC pipes manufactured to SLS 147
Specification without any welded joint . 160 11 1/4 480 150 270 180
Socket dimension Conform to ISO 1452 22 1/2 480 150 270 180
specification 45 480 150 270 180
90 480 150 270 180
225 11 1/4 675 170 330 230

22 1/2 675 170 330 230
45 675 170 330 230
90 676 170 330 230
280 11 1/4 840 190 400 260

22 1/2 840 190 400 260
**All dimension in millimeters 45 840 190 400 260
90 840 190 400 260
Used where long radius turns are required ,smaller

friction loss compared to elbow.
______________________________________________________________________________________
*Any intermediate angles can be supplied on request. Contact the Technical Division
PIPE SYSTEM
_______________________________________ PRODUCT GUIDE

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Flanged Socket
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Flanged Socket
Nominal Size A B
Mm mm mm
63 210 110
75 230 115
90 255 120
110 280 130
160 380 150
225 420 170
280 450 190
Consists of a tapered core and steel flange on one

a rubber ring seal on the other ; end and
Used for connecting uPVC pipes to flanged fittings
and appliances.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
*All National uPVC fittings described above are suitable for Type 1000 kPa (10 PN)
pressure class unless stated otherwise.
*Threads if frecast on fittings comply with BS 21: pipe thread specifications..

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
Accessories
______________________________________________________________________________________
Saddle
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Saddle
Nominal Size
mm
20
25
32
40
50
63
75
90
110
Used for correctly fixing pipes to walls and other

surfaces.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tapered Core
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tapered Core
E
Nominal Size A B C D E
32 29 28 42 29 3
40 36 35 50 30 3
50 46 44 65 40 5
A B C 63 57 55 76 40 5
75 67 65 88 45 5
90 81 79 100 45 5
110 104 102 123 45 5
140 132 129 159 55 5
160 151 148 179 65 5
225 211 208 243 65 5
D 280 262 259 297 70 5
Fixed on to the end of uPVC pipe internally with solvent to

form a tapered end on the pipe.
*Tapered core to be used with Steel Tapered Flange.
______________________________________________________________________________________

PIPE SYSTEM
_________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
Accessories - Steel
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Flange Connection
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Flange Connection
Nominal No. of
Size A B C Bolting Bolts
mm mm mm mm
63 165 125 18 M16 4
75 185 145 18 M16 4
90 200 160 18 M16 8
110 220 180 18 M16 8
140 250 210 18 M16 8
160 285 240 22 M20 8
225 340 295 22 M20 8/12
280 395 350 22/26 M20/M24 12
Flange connection is used for making thrust resistant

connection on to valves and other types of fittings as well
as in above ground process pipe system.
Flanges are drilled to BS 4504: 1989 in pressure classes
PN 10 and PN 16
Washers must be used under the bolt head and the nut, to
spread the screw forces evenly on the flange and to
protect
anticorrosive coatings.
suitable flange gaskets shall be used between flanges.
* Also available TAPERED flange and BLANK

flange in above range.
_____________________________________________________

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

Accessories
______________________________________________________________________________________
Rubber Rings
______________________________________________________________________________________
Rubber Rings.
Nominal SIZE
mm
63
75
90
110
160
225
280
______________________________________________________________________________________
National Solvent Cement
______________________________________________________________________________________
Solvent Cement.
Available Size (gram.)
15
25
50
100
250
500
______________________________________________________________________________________

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
uPVC Soil Waste and Drainage System
SLS 1325:2007 (ISO 3633:2002)
______________________________________________________________________________________
National Drainage pipes which comply to SLS 1325 :2007 (ISO 3633 : 2002)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Nominal Size Mean Outside Thickness

Diameter
min max
50 50.0- 50.2 3.0 3.3

63 63.0- 63.2 3.0 3.3
110 110.0-110.3 3.2 3.6
160 160.0-160.4 3.2 3.6
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Injection Moulded Drainage Fittings Range

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Elbow 45 0 /Bend comply to SLS 1325 :2007 (ISO 3633 : 2002)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Elbow 45 0 /Bend
Nominal Size A B
mm mm mm
63 143 103
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Elbow 45 0 with Inspection Eye /Bend (I.O) comply to SLS 1325:2007 (ISO 3633: 2002)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Elbow 45 0 with Inspection Eye /Bend (I.O)
Nominal Size A B
mm mm mm
63 143 118
________________________________________________________________
63mm Sweep Tee comply to SLS 1325:2007 (ISO 3633: 2002)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
63mm Sweep Tee
Nominal Size A B
mm mm mm
63 164 125
______________________________________________________________________________________
*Above fittings are recommended for non pressure application

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
SLS 1325:2007 (ISO 3633:2002)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
63mm Sweep Tee with Inspection Eye comply to SLS 1325:2007 (ISO 3633: 2002)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
63mm Sweep Tee with Inspection Eye
Nominal Size A B
mm mm mm
63 164 142
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Elbow
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Elbow 90 0
Nominal Size A B
mm mm mm
A
110 164 50.60
B
______________________________________________________________________________________
National Tees
______________________________________________________________________________________
Single Tee 90 0
Nominal Size A B
mm mm mm
A
110 218.6 167.92
______________________________________________________________________________________
PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
ISO 3633, BS5255,BS4514,BS4660
_________________________________________________________
450 Bend
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
450 Bend
D S L L1
mm mm mm mm mm
110 51.5 135 78.5 450
160 77 196 115 450
_________________________________________________________
450 Bend M/F With I/O
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
450 Bend M/F With I/O
D S L L1
mm mm mm mm
110 51.5 135 78.5 450
160 77 196 115 450
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
880 Sweep Bend M/F
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
880 Sweep Bend M/F
D S L L1 H
mm mm mm mm mm
110 51.5 126 121 52.5
160 77 192 192 80
______________________________________________________________________________________

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
ISO 3633, BS5255,BS4514,BS4660
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
880 Sweep Bend M/F With I/O
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
880 Sweep Bend M/F With I/O
D S L L1 d
mm mm mm mm mm
110 51.5 126 121 52.5
160 77 192 192 80
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
880 Sweep Bend With Big I/O F/F or M/F
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
880 Sweep Bend M/F With Big I/O F/F or M/F
D S L L1 d
mm mm mm mm mm
110 51.5 126 121 92
160 77 192 192 118
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sweep Junction M/F
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sweep Junction M/F
D L H H1
mm mm mm mm
110 130 250 142.5 880
160 187 357 190 880
50 70 128 70 880
______________________________________________________________________________________

PIPE SYSTEM
_______________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
ISO 3633, BS5255,BS4514,BS4660
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sweep Junction M/F With I/O
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sweep Junction M/F With I/O
D L H H1
mm mm mm mm
50 70 128 70 880
110 130 250 142.5 880
160 187 357 190 880
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sweep Junction With Big Access F/F or M/F
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sweep Junction With Big Access F/F or M/F
D d H H1 L
mm mm mm mm Mm
110 112.7 250 142.5 130 880
160 118 357 190 187 880
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Reducing Sweep Junction M/F
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Reducing Sweep Junction M/F
Nominal L D D1 H H1
Size mm mm mm mm mm
mm
110 x 160 177 160 110 315 180 880
______________________________________________________________________________________

PIPE SYSTEM
______________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
ISO 3633, BS5255,BS4514,BS4660
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Reducing Sweep Junction M/F With I/O
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Reducing Sweep Junction M/F With I/O
Nominal L D D1 H H1
Size mm mm mm mm mm
mm
110 x 160 177 160 110 315 180 880
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Y - Junction M/F With I/O or W/O I/O
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Y - Junction M/F With I/O or W/O I/O
D L H H1
Mm mm mm mm
160 198 396 318
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Reducing Y- Junction M/F or F/F With I/O
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Reducing Y- Junction M/F or F/F With I/O
Nominal Size D D1 L H H1
mm mm mm mm mm mm
110 x 160 160 110 141 380 256
______________________________________________________________________________________

PIPE SYSTEM
_______________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
ISO 3633, BS5255,BS4514,BS4660
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Floor Trap Gully
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Floor Trap Gully
D d d1 H H1 H2
mm mm mm mm mm mm
110 75 50 120 30 15.2

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Adjusttable S-Trap With and Without I/O
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Adjusttable S-Trap With and Without I/O
D S H1 H C
mm mm mm mm mm
50 25 77 122 130
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Adjusttable P-Trap With and Without I/O
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Adjusttable P-Trap With and Without I/O
D S C1 H1 H2
mm mm mm mm mm
50 25 133 77 111
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
100mm Round Base Grating-Spigot & anti insect device (optional)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
100mm Round Base Grating-Spigot & anti insect device (optional)
D S H1 H C
mm mm mm mm mm
110 51.5 126 121 92
160 77 192 192 118
______________________________________________________________________________________
PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
ISO 3633, BS5255,BS4514,BS4660
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Top Tile
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Top Tile
Size A B C D E H
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
110 147.5 109.8 15 110 122.4 28.3
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Vent Cowl
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Vent Cowl
D S H
mm mm mm
110 46.5 100

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Access Cap & Plug
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Access Cap & Plug
D S H H1
mm mm mm mm
110 30 80 50
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Double Sweep Junction
D L H H1
mm mm mm mm
110 128 250 140
______________________________________________________________________________________

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE

ISO 3633, BS5255, BS4514, BS4660
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Testing Opening F/F
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Testing Opening F/F
D S H L
mm mm mm mm
110 52 92 230
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Vent Cowl
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Vent Cowl
D D1 S H C
mm mm mm mm mm
110 56 52 170 135

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Off Set Pan Collar
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Off Set Pan Collar
D D1 S L H
mm mm mm mm mm
84 102.5 52 15.5 114

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Flange Socket
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Size D D1 H H1 C
mm mm mm mm mm mm
63 63 165 45 16 125
75 75 185 52 17 145
90 90 200 63 18 160
110 110 220 73 20 180
160 160 285 100 24 240
______________________________________________________________________________________

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________________________________________ PRODUCT GUIDE
Fabricate Drainage Fittings Range

______________________________________________________________________________________
National Trap
______________________________________________________________________________________
P Trap
Nominal A B C D E
Size mm mm mm mm (Deg)
mm
32 195 110 120 115 5-10

40 220 135 135 130 5-10
50 245 155 145 150 5-10
63 300 200 180 190 5-10
90 550 330 250 400 5-10
100 600 375 300 450 5-10
______________________________________________________________________________________
S Trap
Nominal Size A B C D E
mm mm mm mm mm mm
40 300 300 235 95 25

50 360 360 260 110 25
63 435 400 300 140 32
______________________________________________________________________________________

PIPE SYSTEM
_______________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
Rain Water System
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
National Gutter
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
A B C D Length
mm mm mm mm Mtrs.
118.50 42.50 45.75 53.73 3.66
______________________________________________________________________________________
National Down pipe
______________________________________________________________________________________
Mean out
Side diameter Thickens Length
mm mm Mtr.
91.15 91.35 0.95 1.10 3.66
______________________________________________________________________________________
National Down pipe elbow
______________________________________________________________________________________
Nominal
Size A B C D
mm mm mm mm mm
90 37.30 37.30 88.90 92.55 80
_____________________________________________________________________________________
*Gutter fittings( gutter bracket, miter joiner, gutter joiner, gutter end cap, centre running head,) are
available to complete the rang

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
uPVC Electrical Insulation System
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
National Conduits
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
National Conduits
Nominal Mean Outside Wall

Size
Diameter Thickness
mm
mm mm
Min Max Min Max
18mm (5/8) 15.75 15.95 0.8 0.9

20mm(3/4) 18.95 19.15 0.9 1.0
25mm (1) 25.05 25.25 1.0 1.1
32mm(1 1/4) 32.05 32.25 1.1 1.2
40mm(1 1/2) 40.05 40.25 1.3 1.5
50mm(2) 50.05 50.25 1.6 1.8
*The colour of the NATIONAL conduit is yellow and

standard length is 4 meter. (Marking in Blue Colour)
______________________________________________________________________________________
CILTEC Conduits
Nominal Mean Outside Wall

Size
Diameter Thickness
mm
mm mm
Min Max Min Max
18mm (5/8) 15.75 15.95 0.6 0.7

20mm(3/4) 18.95 19.15 0.7 0.8
25mm (1) 25.05 25.25 0.8 0.9
32mm(1 1/4) 32.05 32.25 1.0 1.2
40mm(1 1/2) 40.05 40.25 1.3 1.5
50mm(2) 50.05 50.25 1.6 1.8
*The colour of the CILTEC conduit is yellow and

standard length is 4 meter. (Marking in Black Colour)
_________________________________________________________
PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
Electrical Insulation Fitting System
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Socket
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Socket
Nominal Size
mm
18
20
25
30
40
50
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Saddles
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Saddles
Nominal Size
mm
18
20
25
30
40
50
______________________________________________________________________________________
Bend
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bend
Nominal Size
mm
18
20
25
30
40
50
______________________________________________________________________________________
Box
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Through Box 2 way
Nominal Size
mm
18
20
25
30
40
50
_________________________________________________________
PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
Electrical Insulation Fitting System

______________________________________________________________________________________
Box
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Angle Box 2 Way

Nominal Size
Mm
18
20
25
30
40
50
______________________________________________________________________________________
End Box 1 Way

Nominal Size
mm
18
20
25
30
40
50
______________________________________________________________________________________
Inter Section Box 4 Way

Nominal Size
mm
18
20
25
30
40
50
______________________________________________________________________________________
Tee Box
Nominal Size
mm
18
20
25
30
40
50
______________________________________________________________________________________

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
PE Pipes for Pressure application
ISO 4427
______________________________________________________________________________________
National PE Pipes for pressure application
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pressure PE Grade SDR

Nominal Mean Outside Wall Thickness Class Value
Diameter Diameter (mm)
(mm) (mm) (Bar)
Min Max Min Max

20 20.0 20.3 2.0 2.3 10 100 17
25 25.0 25.3 2.0 2.3 10 100 17
32 32.0 32.3 2.0 2.3 10 100 17
40 40.0 40.4 2.4 2.8 10 100 17
50 50.0 50.4 3.0 3.4 10 100 17
63 63.0 63.4 3.8 4.3 10 100 17
_________________________________________________________
Pipes and Accessories for duct-way of telephone underground
cables.
uPVC Pipes
______________________________________________________________________________________
Pipes
______________________________________________________________________________________
Nominal Outside
Size Diameter L l d1 t
mm mm
D mm mm mm mm
100 110 6100 100 110.5 5
50 56 6100 100 56.5 3
**Material uPVC
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

PIPE SYSTEM
_______________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
_______________________________________PRODUCT
Pipes and Accessories for duct

duct-way
way of telephone underground
cables.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bends
______________________________________________________________________________________
Nominal Angle r A B C d1
Size Deg. radius mm mm mm mm
mm d mm
50 30 1600 100 100 200 56.5

60 800 100 150 400 56.5
90 500 100 150 400 56.5
110 30 2500 100 100 200 110.5

60 1300 100 150 400 110.5
90 800 100 150 400 110.5
**Material uPVC
Sockets
Socket
Size L1 L2 L d1 D T
50 100 100 300 56.5 56 3
100 100 100 300 110.5 110 5
** Material uPVC
Flared Mouth
Flared Mouth
Size L1 L2 L d1 D T
50 100 100 300 56.5 56 3
100 100 100 300 110.5 110 5
** Material uPVC
_________________________________________________________

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
cables
Coupler
110 mm PVC /GI Coupler

c
Size A B C t
mm mm mm mm mm
4 inch thread (BSP)
110 98 60 175 6
** Material uPVC
**Spacers, Dust cap and other required fittings are available to complete the range
HDPE Telecom sub ducts for fiber optic system.

Pipes
______________________________________________________________________________________
Nominal Wall
Size Thickness Colour Length
mm mm
mtr
32 2.3-2.8 Black 100
**Material High Density Polyethylene
HDPE Sub Ducts Accessories

PIPE SYSTEM
_______________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
cables
HDPE Pipe Connecter
______________________________________________________________________________________
32 mm Socket
Size A B C t
mm mm mm mm mm
32 60 10 148 1.8
** Material uPVC
HDPE Telecom sub ducts for fiber optic system.

Rubber Spacer
32 mm Rubber Spacer
Size d1 D t
mm mm mm mm
32 32 100 11
** Material Rubber
End Cap
32 mm End Cap
t Size A B t
mm mm mm mm
32 32 23.50 3
** Material uPVC
_________________________________________________________
PIPE SYSTEM
______________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Water Tanks
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Size d (mm) D (mm) H (mm)
Ltr.
350 425 - 445 710 - 730 930 - 960
500 425 - 445 860 - 890 1010 - 1040
1000 425 - 445 1050 - 1090 1320 - 1350
2000 385 - 390 1380 - 1420 1520 - 1550
**Material Polyethylene
______________________________________________________________________________________
Septic Tank
______________________________________________________________________________________
Material PE
unit
Dimensions Width (D) mtr 1.300

Height (H) mtr 1.560
Inlet Depth(H2) mtr 0.270
Outlet Depth(H1) mtr 0.315
Inlet & Outlet Sizes mm 110
(d1=d2)
Air vent (d3) mm 32
Capacity Septic volume litres 1000
Weight Kg. 60
**Material Polyethylene
GREENTEC Septic tank

*Light weight * Easy Handling * Vertical Installation need less space
* Suitable for a house hold with 5-6 person
______________________________________________________________________________________

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________________PRODUCT GUIDE
______________________________________________________________________________________
Stainless Steel Tank
______________________________________________________________________________________
Capacity D1 D2 H1 H2 H3 * d2 * d1, **Weight

(litre) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) d3,d4 (kg)
(mm)
450 710 395 900 1200 350 50 32 9.5

500 770 395 900 1140 350 50 32 10.5
850 880 395 1210 1540 350 50 32 18.0
1000 880 395 1480 1780 350 50 32 21.5
1250 1050 395 1210 1580 350 50 32 22.5
Manufacture out of Food grade Stainless steel material.
Ideal for storage of everything from water , Diary , Chemicals and food processing
*Most hygienic way of storing water
*No algae formation
*Wash out at the bottom for easy maintenance
*Keeps water cool
*Long lasting
* Elegant
*Light in weight
*Easy to handle
Garden Hose
Size Length(mtr.)
15 mtr /30 mtr
15 mtr /30 mtr
1 15 mtr /30 mtr
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

PIPE SYSTEM
__________________________ PIPE SYSTEM DESIGN
Basic Considerations
Internal Hydrostatic Pressure
Pressure Temperature Derating
Flow Characteristics
Thermal Expansion
Design Applications of water supply systems

Water Demands
Peak Factors
Fire Demands
Hydraulic Analysis
Water Hammer
Design of Thrust Blocks
Appliances Relating to water distribution systems
External Conditions Affecting pipeline design
Design of Building Plumbing

Portable water supply systems
Drainage systems
Sizing of Drainage pipes
Cleanouts
Grade of Drainage Piping
Venting

PIPE SYSTEM
_______________________________________ PIPE SYSTEM DESIGN
Basic Design Considerations

When designing a pipe system the following have to be determined.
* Diameter and pressure class of pipe to be used

* Jointing System (e.g. Solvent sockets, Ring seal type ,Flanges etc.)
* Supporting arrangements to withstand bearing pressure and thermal effects.
The following information is provided to assist in determining the above
* Internal hydrostatic pressure

* Flow characteristics.
* Effect of temperature variation on uPVC pipes
Internal Hydrostatic Pressure

The internal hydrostatic pressure test specified in SLS 147:1993 require that the pipes when tested according to the
method described therein, shall withstand a test pressure calculated from the following formula.
P= 2t
(dm-t)
where,
P = test pressure in MPa
= Induced stress in MPa (=36 MPa)
t = minimum wall thickness in mm
dm = mean outside diameter in mm
Refer Product Guide for mean outside diameter and minimum thickness for pipes.
The minimum test pressure for testing at 29 0C 1 , deduced from the above formula for all pipe sizes are as
follows:-
Specified Pressure Class T 1000 T 600 T 400 T 250
Calculated test Pressure Mpa 4360 2630 1750 1100
Factor of Safety = calculated test pressure 4.36 4.36 4.36 4.36

Specified pressure class
According to the SLS 147 specification the minimum Factor of Safety (F.O.S) should be 4.3 against bursting at 29
0
C. However pressure test have shown that National uPVC pipes have a higher F.O.S varying from 4.5 to 6.0.

PIPE SYSTEM

Sensitivity of Pressure to Temperature
uPVC pipe system pressure ratings apply at the standard temperature of 29 0 C. Where system are required to operate
at higher temperature pressure ratings should be adjusted as indicated graph in below.(A design life of 50 years has
been assumed)
The maximum operating temperature for a NATIONAL pipeline under continuous pressure is 45 0C
In circumstances where the anticipated working pressure exceeds the maximum rating of the pipe obtained from the
graph, it may still be possible to use the pipe but with a reduced life expectancy.
Relationship between recommended sustainable

working pressure and temperature
10 Maximum operating
9 temperature
8
pressure (Bar)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Temperature C
Flow Characteristics
The flow characteristic of a pipe is dependent on the internal pipe diameter and the frictional resistance of the pipe
wall.NATIONAL uPVC pipes have extremely smooth internal surfaces and excellent chemical resistance(see
annexure - 02). Thus the internal surfaces inhibit deposition as well as scouring. The hydraulic characteristics are
found to remain constant during the life of the system. Over sizing of pipe to cater for future performance losses is
not required.

PIPE SYSTEM

Friction Formula.
Hazin - Williams formula is commonly used for estimating the head losses due to friction in pipelines.
Hazen - Williams Formula.
V = 0.85 CR 0.63 S 0.54

Where
V = Velocity of flow. M/sec.
C = Hazen Williams Coefficient
S = Slope of the energy line m/m
R = Hydraulic radius m
Table 4.1 Values of Hazen - Williams Coefficient C
Pipe material C
Concrete (regardless of age) 130

Cast iron:- New 130
5 years old 120
20 years old 100
Welded steel, new 120
Vitrified Clay 110
Polyvinyl Chloride 140 - 150
Friction Chart based on Hazen - Williams Formula can be used for rapid calculation of the head loss due to friction
in uPVC Pipes.

PIPE SYSTEM
Friction Chart Based on Hazen - Williams Formula
V = 0.85 CR 0.63 S 0.54
= 0.85 C (D/4) 0.63 (H/L) 0.54
Where,
C = Hazen Williams Coefficient (140)*
D = Pipe internal diameter (Metre)
H = Head loss in meter.
L = Length of pipe in meter (1000)
* For uPVC pipes
HEAD LOSS IN METRE PER 1000 METRES
Flow rate (l/sec) {0.001 m 3/sec}

Example:-
The discharge is a 75 mm pipe (internal diameter 69 mm) is 7 liters/sec. What is the head loss per 1000 meter?
To find the velocity of water in the pipe, draw a vertical line from the point corresponding to a flow rate 7 liters/sec
to meet the 69 mm diameter line. This corresponding to the point A . Point A lies between 1.5m/s and 2.0m/s
contours. By interpolating, the velocity is obtained as 1.88 m/s. To find the head loss in meter per 1000 meter, draw a
horizontal line through point A to meet the vertical axis. This corresponds to point B which is 59. This means that
the loss of head is 59 meter per 1000 meters.

PIPE SYSTEM
_________________________ PIPE SYSTEM DESIGN

Head loss due to Fittings
Head losses are caused by abrupt changes in flow geometry as a result of changes in pipe size, bends valves and
fittings of all types. In long pipe lines these minor losses can often be neglected without serious error. In short
pipelines, however, these losses may be significant. Minor losses under turbulent flow conditions vary approximately
with the square of the velocity and are usually expressed as a function of velocity head.
h = k.V 2
2.g
Where,
h = head loss
V = velocity of flow
g = gravitational acceleration
Common K values are as follows
Type /Item Valu Type /Item Valu

e e
K K
a Valves d.Bends
Bell mouth entrance from reservoir 0.04 Radius of 2 x diameter Bend
Square edge entrance from 0.50 Deflection angle 90 0 0.30
reservoir 0.20 45 0 0.22
Gate valve wide open 5.60 22 1/2 0 0.15
Gate valve half open
b. Fittings Radius of 4 x diameter Bend

Deflection angle
Standard equal Tee 1.80 90 0 0.25
Standard 90 0 elbow 0.90 45 0 0.19
22 1/2 0 0.12
c Abrupt Contraction.
(Velocity after contraction) Radius of 6 x diameter Bend
D2/D1 = 0 0.50 Deflection angle
D2/D1 = 0.4 0.40 90 0 0.15
D2/D1 = 0.6 0.30 45 0 0.11
D2/D1 = 0.8 0.10 22 1/2 0 0.08
D2/D1 = 1.0 0.00
c. Bends
Radius of 1 x diameter bend Radius of 8 x diameter Bend
Deflection angle 90 0 0.50 Deflection angle 90 0 0.15
45 0 0.37 45 0 0.11
22 1/2 0 0.25 22 1/2 0 0.08
Alternatively the head loss due to fittings could be assessed by representing the fittings with an equivalent pipe
length, which is defined as a length of pipe of the same diameter that would result in a head loss equal to that of the
respective fitting.

PIPE SYSTEM
Pressure Loss in Fittings

PIPE SYSTEM

Thermal Expansion
The Thermal expansion in pipes is estimated as,
L = L T
Where,
L = Change in length
0
= Coefficient of linear expansion C -1
T = Change in temperature 0 C
The coefficient of linear expansion of uPVC is approximately 60x10-6 meter per meter per degree Centigrade.
If a straight pipe section is restrained from expansion by anchoring, the longitudinal thermal stress t can be
expressed as,
t = L
E = ET
L
Where
E = Elastic modulus of uPVC
It could be observed that longitudinal thermal stress is independent of length or the diameter of the pipe.
Expansion joints are provided where necessary, to reduce temperature stresses.
The use of pipes with ring seal type joints (RS) will entirely prevent the development of thermal stresses, as
expansion is accommodated at the rubber ring joint. Other methods of overcoming damaging effect of thermal
expansion are discussed in INSTALLATION GUIDE.

PIPE SYSTEM

Design application of water supply systems
Pipe systems are designed for carrying capacity (flow) and pressure conditions. Thus assessment of the water
demands and the requirement of pressure are basic considerations in design of water supply systems.
Water Demands
The water demand in a system is assessed taking into account domestic, industrial, commercial and institutional
usage. Domestic water demands are estimated based on the served population and the corresponding per capita
consumption. Different values of per capita consumption are adopted for population served through common outlets,
and for urban and rural areas.
Values of per capita consumption
Type of service Per Capita Consumption (l/per capita day)
Individual Services - Urban 180
Individual Services - Rural 140
Public Stand Posts 45
Other special demands such as industrial, commercial, institutional etc. are estimated based on consumption norms.
Guidelines are given below.
Usage Consumption (litres/day)
Hospital (per bed) 200 - 300

Hotels (per bed) 180 - 700
Boarding schools (per resident) 100 - 160
Restaurant (per seat) 60 - 90
Bus/ Railway stations (per user) 15 - 20
Day schools (per pupil) 15 - 30
Office (per person) 25 - 40
Factories (per person) 20 - 30
Cinemas (per seat) 10 - 15
Design period adopted for water systems could vary from 20 to 30 years. The water demands are projected for the
design period using appropriate growth and demand factors.

PIPE SYSTEM
Peak Factors
A variation of the daily consumption of water occurs due to seasonal climatic changes. The daily peak factor is
defined as
P.F. (Daily) = Max. day demand

Avg. day demand
The daily peak factor is found to vary between 1.10 to 1.15. This factor should be considered in designing of
pumped and gravity water transmission pipe lines. Further, over a day there is an hourly variation of water
consumption. The hourly peak factor is defined as,
P.F. (Hourly) = Max. day demand

Avg. day demand
The hourly peak factor varies with the size of population served. The variation could be as high as 3.0 for small
communities down to 1.5 for very large communities. The hourly peak factor should be considered in the design of
water distribution systems.
Fire Demands
In addition to normal consumption, a water distribution system should be designed to cater for fire fighting water
requirements . The design draw off could vary from 20 to 80 liters/sec depending on the level of risk involved.
Hydraulic Analysis
In order to carry out hydraulic analysis of a water supply system the pipe network is represented in the form of a
nodal diagram. The water demands corresponding to the respective pipes are converted to nodal draw offs.
Pipe systems could be either simple Branch systems or Looped systems.
Branch pipe network

Source
10 11
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9

PIPE SYSTEM
__________________________________ PIPE SYSTEM DESIGN
Hydraulic Analysis
Loop pipe network

Source
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
Hydraulic analysis is carried out to satisfy the residual pressure requirements of the pipe system. Residual pressure is
defined as the pressure head available at any point of the distribution system. In local practices, distribution systems
are designed for a minimum residual head of 10 meters. This would facilitate supply of water to two story buildings.
Hydraulic analysis of Branch system is straight forward and manual methods may be adopted. However, iterative
methods should be applied for analysis of looped systems. Standard computer software is available for hydraulic
analysis of looped pipe networks.
Sizing of the pipe network is carried out based on the hydraulic analysis so that required residual pressure is
maintained. The class of pipe is determined considering the internal pressure subjected to the pipe.
Water Hammer
If the water flow in the pipe is abruptly shut out or decelerated, the kinetic energy of the water column is converted to
pressure energy producing a series of pressure waves that travels back and forth in the pipe line until they are
dampened by friction. The water in the pipe is compressed, thus stretching the pipe walls. This phenomenon is called
Water Hammer." It could occur due to sudden closure of a valve or due to stoppage of pumps in a forced main.
The propagation speed of the pressure wave is expressed by the formula,
C 2 = K g /n
1+K d
Et
Where.
C - Velocity of pressure wave (m/sec).
K - Bulk modules of liquid (Kg/m 2) (K=2.05 x 10 8 for Water at 28 C)
E - Modules of elasticity of pipe material (Kg/m 2) (E=3.19 x 10 8 for uPVC)
g - Gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/sec 2)
d - inside diameter of pipe (m)
t - Wall thickness of pipe
n - Specific gravity

PIPE SYSTEM
Water Hammer
If the length of the pipe is L, the wave travels back and forth in time t given by.
t = 2L
C
If the time of closure t c < t,
The Water Hammer pressure is approximated as.
P = nCV
g
Where, V - initial velocity or flow
If t < t c , the full pressure will not be realized. The water hammer pressure is approximated as,
P1 = t c p = 2 L n V
t tg
The pipe should be capable of withstanding the total pressure, i.e., static pressure plus water hammer pressure. When
pressure due to water hammer has been considered, the allowable working pressure for the pipe is taken as, 1.1 x
working pressure rating of pipe.
In gravity water distribution systems, the effect of water hammer is not very significant. However, in pumped
systems, Water Hammer effects could be significant and should be considered in the design. Water hammer due to
power failure that is instantaneous could be most critical. Limiting the flow velocities would minimize water hammer
effects due to shutting off pumps. In situations where the pipeline cannot withstand surge pressures, specially
designed surge vessels are installed. (Technical Division).

PIPE SYSTEM
Extra Pressure Developed By Water Hammer in Pipe System
Extra Pressure (Kg/cm 2) Fluid Speed (m/sec)
Example:-
Data- Static pressure P = 4 kg/cm 2
Fluid speed V = 1 m/sec
Time of closure of the valve T = 3 sec
From V = 1m/sec draw a horizontal line until it meets the line L = 100m. Drop a horizontal line from this point until it
meets
the line T = 3 sec.
A vertical line from this point will obtain the extra pressure of 8.0 kg /cm 2
Total pressure which acts in the tube is P = 4+8 =12 kg/cm

PIPE SYSTEM

Design of Thrust Blocks.
Thrust forces occur in pipelines at dead ends, changes of direction of flow or where the cross section
of the pipe is reduced. Thrust blocks or anchors should be provided to withstand such forces.
Forces at bends and changes in cross section.

A change in the direction or magnitude of flow velocity is accompanied by a change in the
momentum of the fluid. The forces required to produce this change in momentum is developed from the pressure
variation within the fluid and from forces transmitted to the fluid from pipe walls.
Forces at horizontal pipe bends and contractions
Impulsive momentum principal could be applied to determine thrust forces acting on pipelines. Applying impulsive
momentum principal in x and y directions, the forces F x, F y is deduced.
Fx = - Q (V 2 Cos
P1 A1 - P2A2Cos - V1)
Fy = + QV2 Sin
P2A2Sin
Where,
= Density of the fluid
Q = Rate of flow in pipe
V = Velocity of flow
For a pipe bend of uniform section V1 = V2 and P1 P2
Similarly the axial force acting on the body of water in a contracting section of a pipeline, a reducer for example can
be estimated from the following formula.
F = P1 A1 - P2A2 - Q (V 2 - V1)
In each of the aforementioned two cases , forces equivalent and opposite to that of F x , Fy
and F are transferred on to the pipeline. Suitable thrust blocks have to be provided to resist these forces.

PIPE SYSTEM
Typical Configurations of Thrust Block are indicated below

PIPE SYSTEM
_________________________________ PIPE SYSTEM DESIGN

Resultant Force
The magnitude of the resultant force R can be calculated from
F = /2)
A x P x 2.Sin (
Where,
A = Cross section of external pipe diameter
p = Maximum proof hydraulic test pressure
= Angle of deviation of bend
For design purpose the internal hydraulic pressure is taken as the test pressure which is 1.5 x pressure rating of pipe,
e.g.:- 15 bar for type 1000 (10 bar) pressure class.
Thrust forces in KN calculated on the basis of 15 bar test pressure class, for common types of fittings are tabulated
below.
A factor of 0.67 may be used to obtain the thrust forces applicable for type 600 pipes.
Pipe P (N) R(N)

Diameter
11 0 22 0 30 0 45 0 90 0
63 4579 882 1765 2353 3530 6472
75 6492 1225 2500 3383 4952 9218
90 9365 1765 3579 4854 7207 13238
110 13947 2696 5393 7256 10787 19809
140 22653 4364 8678 11767 17455 31969
160 29518 5687 11277 15396 22653 41776
225 58447 11179 22359 30302 44718 82375
280 90515 17357 24617 46973 69627 128467
The sectional area of a thrust block required to resist the thrust force is dependent on the bearing capacity of the soil in
the same direction.
Safe bearing capacity
Soil Safe soil bearing capacity

(KN / m 2)
Peat 0
Soft Clay 65
Sand 135
Sand and gravel 200
Sand and gravel cemented with clay 270

PIPE SYSTEM
Appliances used in Water Distribution System

Air Valves
Air would get into pipelines when there is intermittent water supply or while attending to maintenance works such as
leak repairs, servicing of valves etc. Accumulated air could form pockets, thus obstructing the flow. Also, compressed
air could cause damage to pipes. Air would rise to the higher elevations in the pipe line. Air valves are installed at
high points of the pipeline profile.
Two types of air valves namely, single orifice type which is a one way air release valve and the double orifice type
which could release as well as intake air are available. Single orifice air valves are used on small distribution mains.
Double orifice air valves are used on larger distribution mains and pumping mains.
GROUND PROFILE
AIR VALVEL
UPVC PIPE PROFILE

MANHOLE COVER
AIR VALVE
ISOLATING VALVE
UPVC PIPE
REDUCING TEE

PIPE SYSTEM
Appliances used in Water Distribution System
Scour Valves
Siltation of pipe lines occur due to sediment carryover from treatment works, corrosion of pipe materials, silt entering
pipe lines during pipe bursts etc. Over a period of time there could be considerable amounts of silt build up in pipe
lines, causing deterioration of water quality and also reduction of pipe carrying capacity.
`
Silt tends to accumulate at low points in the pipeline and at dead ends At such locations scour valves should be
provided. Scour valves are also used for purposes of dewatering of pipelines for maintenance work. The scour outlet
should be directed to a suitable drainage path.
GROUND PROFILE
UPVC PIPE
PROFILE
SCOUR VALVE
LOCATION
G.I. SURFACE
BOX
UPVC
PROTECTION
TUBE
TO DRAIN
UPVC 22 BEND C.I GATE VALVE
External conditions affecting pipeline design.

uPVC being a comparatively softer material than steel, iron or concrete, pipelines will have to be protect from heavy
impact and excessive external loads like vehicle loads. This is usually achieved by burying the pipeline at a suitable
depth where the intensity of external pressure is low.
Exposure of uPVC pipes to direct sunlight and exposure at locations where they may be subject to vandalism should
be avoided.

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________ PIPE SYSTEM DESIGN
Design Considerations in Building Plumbing
Potable Water Supply Systems
Sizing of Pipes
The sizing of portable water supply pipe systems from the source of supply to the fixture, supply branches, risers,
fixtures, and other outlets shall be based on the total demand.
The quantity of water required to be supplied to every plumbing fixture shall be represented by fixture units, as given
in below.
Fixture Number of Fixture Units

Private use Public use
Bar sink 1 2
Bath tub 2 4
Bidet 2 4
Drinking fountain - 1
Hose bib 3 5
Kitchen sink 2 4
Laundry tub (clothes washer) 2 4
Lawn sprinklers (each head) 1 1
showers 2 4
Urinal (pedestal type) - 10
Urinal (wall type) - 5
Urinal (flush type) - 3
Wash basin 1 2
Water closet (flush tank) 3 5
Water closet (flushometer valve) 6 10
The design demands (flows) corresponding to the respective fixture units could be assessed using the demand load
curve on the next page.
The following must be considered in determining the size of any pipe section.
a. Total number of fixture units applicable.

b. Developed length of supply pipe from the sources of supply to the highest
fixture or outlet.
c. Difference in elevation between the source and the highest figure or outlet.
d. Pressure in the street main or the source of supply.
e. In localities where there is a wide fluctuation of pressure in the main
throughout the day, the water piping system shall be designed on the basis of
the minimum pressure available.

PIPE SYSTEM

DEMAND LOAD CURVE
30
25
Demand (l/s)
20
systems using flush tanks
15
10
5 systems using flush valves
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Fixture units
5 systems using flush valves

Demand (l/s)
systems using flush tanks

1
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Fixture units

PIPE SYSTEM

Drainage Systems
Sizing of drainage pipes:
The unit equivalent of plumbing fixtures is given in below.
Nominal Size of Pipe (mm) 40 50 63 75 90 110 140 160 225 280

Maximum Vertical 1 2 16 32 48 256 600 1380 3600 5600
Units
Horizontal 1 1 8 14 35 216 428 720 2640 4680
Maximum Vertical ( m) 14 20 26 45 65 91 118 155 228 -
Length Horizontal
Unlimited
Sizing of Vent piping:

Nominal Size of Pipe (mm) 40 50 63 75 90 110 140 160 225 280
Vent piping Max. Units. 1 8 24 48 84 256 600 1380 3600 -
Horizontal and Max. Length 14 18 36 55 65 91 118 155 228 -

Vertical (m)
The unit equivalent of fixtures and devices not shown in above shall be estimated on the following basis.
Discharge Capacity
Fixture Units
GPM M 3/S ( x 10 -5)
up to 6 up to 45 1
7 to 13 50 to 100 2
14 to 25 105 to 190 4
26 to 40 200 to 300 6
The minimum sizes of vertical and/or horizontal drainage piping shall be determined from the total of all fixture units
connected there to and additional, in the case of vertical drainage pipes , in accordance with their length.
The maximum number of fixture units allowed on any vertical or horizontal drainage pipe , building drain or building
sewer of a given size; the maximum length of any vertical drainage pipe of a given size are as follows.

PIPE SYSTEM
Unit Equivalent of Drainage Fixtures
Type of Fixture Trap Arm size (mm) Units
Bath tubs 40 2
Bidets 40 2
Drinking Fountains 32 1
Floor Drains 50 2
Interceptors - grease , oil , solids 50 3
Interceptors - sand , auto wash 75 6
Laundry Tubs (clothes washers) 50 2
Showers 50 2
Sinks - bar , commercial 40 2
Sinks - industrial , schools 40 3
Sinks - flushing rim , clinic 75 6
Urinals - pedestal 75 6
Urinals - wall 50 2
Wash Basin - single 32 1
Wash Basin - in sets 40 2
Water Closets - tank type 75 4
Water Closets - flush valve 75 6
Cleanouts
Each horizontal drainage pipe shall be provided with a clean out as its upper terminal and each run of piping, which is
more than 30m in total developed length shall be provided with a clean out. An additional cleanout shall be provided
in a horizontal line for each aggregate change of direction exceeding 135 degrees.
Each cleanout, unless installed under an approved cover plate shall be above grade, readily accessible and so located
as to serve the purpose for which it is intended. Cleanouts in piping 50 mm or less and greater than 50 mm shall be so
installed that there is a clearance or not less than 300 mm and 450 mm respectively.
Cleanout fittings in size shall not be less than those given below.
Size of pipe (mm) Size of cleanout (mm)
40 40
50 40
63 63
75 63
>110 90
Grade of Drainage Piping

Horizontal drainage piping shall be laid in proper alignment and uniform slope of not less than 2 percent (20 mm/m)
towards the point of disposal. Where it is impracticable due to structural features or obstructions, piping 110 mm in
size or larger shall be laid at a slope of not less than 1 percent (10 mm/m).

PIPE SYSTEM
HANDLING TRANSPORTATION AND

STORAGE

PIPE SYSTEM
__________HANDLING , STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION
Handling and Transportation.
National uPVC pipe is a strong but

lightweight material, being about one-fifth the
weight of equivalent steel pipes. They are very
easily handled but there is a tendency for them
to be mishandled much more than their metal
counterparts. This must be discouraged and
reasonable care should be taken in handling and
storage to prevent damage.
When loading pipes on to vehicles, care should

be taken not to allow them to come into contact
with any sharp corners such as Cope irons,
loose nail heads or the like, as pipes may be
damaged by being rubbed against these during
transit.
Pipes may be off - loaded from vehicles by

rolling those gently down timbers, care being
taken to ensure that pipes do not fall one upon
another or onto any hard or uneven surface.
Pipes must not be thrown from transport

vehicles.
When mechanical handling is employed metal

slings, hooks and chains must not come into
direct contact with the pipe. While in transit,
pipes should be well secured and supported
over their length.

PIPE SYSTEM
__________HANDLING TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE
Storage of pipes.
Pipes should be given adequate support at all
times. They should not be stacked in large
random piles. Especially in warm temperatures
as the bottom pipes may distort giving rise to
difficulty in pipe alignment and jointing.
Socketed pipe should be stacked in layers with
sockets placed at alternate ends of the stack.
For ideal storage pipes should be uniformly

supported throughout the length. If this is not
possible timber supports of at least 75mm
bearing width should be placed below the
bottom layer with 1 meter spacing. Pipe stacks
should not exceed 1.5 meters in height. The
stack should be provided with side supports at
spacing not greater than 1.5 meters. Pipes of
different size and wall thickness should be
stacked separately. Where this is not possible,
those with large diameter and/or thicker walls Plain Ended Pipes
should be at the bottom of the stack.
Pipes stacks should not be erected directly on

ground with sharp projections, stones or other
protuberances
likely to deform them or create high point loads.
FRONT ELEVATION
PLAN END ELEVATION

SOCKETED PIPES

PIPE SYSTEM
__________HANDLING TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE
Stack height should be reduced if pipes are nested (i. e. pipes stored inside those of larger diameters)
Reduction in stack heights should be proportional to the total weight of the nested pipes compared to
the weight of pipes normally contained in such storage.
** The pipes should be stored in the shade and should not be exposed to direct sunlight.
All National uPVC pipes are marked with
(a) National brand name

(b) Sri Lanka standards institution certifications mark SLS
(C) Nominal diameter of pipe
(d) Type (Pressure Class) of pipe
(e) Batch number for the purpose of correct identification
All National uPVC pipes marking colours are as follows:-

T 1000 - Blue
T 600 - White
T 400 - Red
T 250 - Yellow
Unless otherwise specified all the pipes are marked in Black colour
Storage of Solvent Cement

Solvent cement must be stored in a cool and dry place. Storage time should not exceed a period of 12
months. Solvent is supplied ready to use, in a viscous state to ensure good cementing and therefore
should not be diluted.
The solvent cement must run off a stick held in inclined position. If the solvent cement is running off
along the stick in lumps, it is unsuitable and must be discarded..

PIPE SYSTEM
____________________________________________________INSTALLATION GUIDE
Jointing
Cold Solvent Cement Welding Joint
Ring Seal Joint

Repair Coupler
Flanged Jointing
Tapered Core and Flanged
Flanged Adapter
Flanged Socket
Flanged Spigot
Threaded Joint
Couplings
Steeped Coupling
V.J.Coupling
Clamp Saddle
Installation
Installation below Ground
Trenches
Pipe bedding
Back filling
Laying under special conditions
Allowable radius of curvature for cold bend uPVC pipe
Pressure Testing
Installation above ground

Supports
Precaution for thermal expansion
Soil waste and sewerage application
Central Industries PLC 6. 0

PIPE SYSTEM
Jointing Method
Cold Solvent Cement Welding
Correctly made joints using cold solvent cement * Absorbent Paper
welding are stronger than either pipe or fitting. They * Fine Toothed Saw
can be made more quickly and effectively. * File or rasp
* Pencil
National uPVC Solvent cement makes the perfect
joint swelling the pvc pipe and fitting. The efficiency
of the joints is greatly reduced if the jointing surfaces
are not cleaned and prepared according to the
following procedures. Precautions
Items required for Solvent Cementing, 1. Never keep cement bottle open during breaks in
* National Solvent cement application of cement.
* Cleaner Bottle must always be tightly sealed (using insert)
* Clean paint brush
2. Avoid applying cement on a wet surface (or in the
Pipe Size Brush Type rain)
3. As cement is flammable liquid ensure work area
up to 32 mm 1/2 round brush is clear of falling sparks or other sources of
40 mm - 63 mm 1 flat brush ignition etc.
75 mm - 160 mm 2 flat brush
225 mm - 280 mm 2 1/2 flat brush
Procedure for Cold Solvent Cement Joint
1. Ensure Pipe end is cut square and free of burrs.

PIPE SYSTEM
________________________________INSTALLATION GUIDE
2. Mating surface of pipe and socket must be clean

and completely dry.
3. Mark the pipe a distance back from the end equal

to the depth of the socket.
4. Stir the cement thoroughly and apply the cement

evenly as quickly as possible first to the socket
then to the pipe using longitudinal brush strokes.
For pipes of diameter more than 110 mm two men

are required for applying the solvent cement.

PIPE SYSTEM
5. Immediately insert the pipe into the full socket

depth while rotating slightly to ensure complete
and even distribution of cement. The insertion
must be completed within 01 minute of applying
the cement.
6. Hold joint together for a minimum of 10 seconds

to ensure that the pipe does not back out of the
socket.
Joint should be left undisturbed for a minimum of 5

minutes.
7. Wipe off the excess cement from the joint.
Do not leave a fillet of cement around the

outside of the joint as this can weaken the joint.
Care shall also be taken not to spill solvent on any

pipes and fittings as this could weaken the
solvent joint.
Care should be taken to avoid excess deposits
of cement inside small diameter fittings as this
can weaken the wall of the pipe or fitting

PIPE SYSTEM
8. Replace lids after use.
9. Clean the brush with cleaner and paper. The brush

must be dry of any cleaner before re - use, as this
could weaken a solvent joint.
Minimum cementing length

Nominal Diameter (mm) Minimum cementing
length
mm
20 16
25 19
32 22
40 26
50 31
63 38
75 44
90 51
110 61
140 76
160 86
225 119
280 146

PIPE SYSTEM
Approximation Estimation of Solvent Cement
Requirement
Nominal Diameter No. of joints per

(mm) Kg of solvent cement
20 800
25 600
32 500
40 300
50 250
63 175
75 125
90 75
110 50
160 20
225 8
280 5
Item required for ring seal joint

* Elastomeric Sealing Rings
* Lubricant (vegetable soap water lubricant)
* Cleaner Paper
* File or rasp
* Pencil
* Jointing device (optional)
National pipes are supplied with chamfered

spigot ends. Pipes cut on site must be cleaned cut
at right angles to their axis. The pipe cut end
should be chamfered at approximately
150 for half the pipe wall thickness and deburred
with a scraper.
Procedure for Ring Seal Jointing

1. The Pipes ends and the Sealing Ring must
be clean.

PIPE SYSTEM
2. Mark an insertion depth L on the spigot end

with a soft pencil.
3. Bring the rubber ring into a heart shape, let it

spring into the groove and see that it is
seated fully home along the entire circumference.
4. Align the two Pipes.
5. Apply a thin film of lubricant to the Rubber

Ring and to the chamfer of the spigot.

PIPE SYSTEM
_____________________________________________________INSTALLATION GUIDE
6. Push until the pencil mark is in level with the

tip of the socket.
Caution :- Vaseline or other mineral oil based

grease and lubricant should not be used.
Estimation of Lubricant Requirement

Nominal diameter Number of Joints per Kg
of Lubricant for rubber
mm ring joint.
63 100
75 60
90 60
110 50
160 30
225 20
280 20
Insertion Length
Nominal diameter Insertion depth l mm
mm
63 90
75 100
90 105
110 110
160 130
225 155
280 180
Advantage of Ring Seal Joint

1. Can be used in any weather condition.
2. It can take thermal expansion and contraction.
The amount of thermal expansion and contraction
of buried pipes carrying cold water will normally
be small and easily accommodated .
3. Can achieve angular deflection
The maximum allowable angular deflection at the
joint of any two adjacent Ring seal jointed pipes is
1.00 0. This gives a value for dimension A as follows:
4. Easy disconnecting if required.

**Ring seal joint will not resist end thrust.

PIPE SYSTEM
Installation of uPVC Repair Coupler
Usage;
(a) Repairing local damage
(b) Replacing damaged portion
(c) Installation new fitting oh the existing pipeline
Procedure for Installation of uPVC Repair Coupler

1. Lubricate the slip on tool and inserted into one
end of the coupler.
2. Lubricate the chamfered pipe and insert to the

other end of the coupler.
3. Engage the entire length of the coupler on to the

pipe carefully using slip on tool and remove the tool
4. Place the replacement pipe piece, align it and pull

the coupler backwards by one half of the length
of the coupler.

PIPE SYSTEM
______________________________________________________INSTALLATION GUIDE
Flanged Jointing.
If a PVC pipe is required to be connected to a flanged item, one of the following methods could be used.
Use of Tapered Core and Tapered Flange.
The tapered flange is made out of steel, protected against

corrosion. Its dimensions are according to
BS 4504, and correspond to the pressure class of the pipe
system.
The tapered core is made out PVC, and when fitted on to
the inside of the pipe with solvent cement, the pipe flares
out as shown in the diagram. The inner
tapered opening of the flange is such that when
pulled away from the pipe, the tapered flange is held
back due to the tapered pipe surface.
This item can be connected to any flanged item of same
nominal size with suitable rubber gasket placed in
between, to give a leak proof joint. This joint can
withstand limited tensile forces. So joint should be buried
or properly anchored.
Note: The flange has to be inserted on to the pipe before

fixing of the Tapered Core.
Use of Flanged Adapter.

The flanged adapter shall be selected to suitable outside
diameter of the PVC pipe, and the pressure class of the
pipe system. The flange dimensions are as per BS 4504.
Item consists of metal ring, metal flange, rubber ring and
the bolting system. When the flange and ring are pulled
together by tightening the nuts, the rubber
ring is compressed against the pipe and makes it water tight.
This item can then be connected to any other flanged item
of same nominal size with a suitable rubber gasket placed
in between.
This joint can withstand limited tensile force.

PIPE SYSTEM
Couplings
Stepped Couplings
Stepped couplings are also used to connect pipes of
equivalent size and different materials and
consequently having marginally different outside
diameters. Sectional diagrams of such a coupling is as
follows:
V. J .Couplings
This is very versatile and a common method for
coupling of two similar pipes. Water tightness is
achieved due to two rubber rings seated on either side
of the joint pressed against the pipe.

PIPE SYSTEM
ClampSaddle
For connecting a service pipe to the main pipe line, a uPV
Clamp Saddle could be used. The two halves of the clamp
saddle are bolted together on straight uPVC pipe, as
shown in the diagram. The rubber gasket around the
outlet of the clamp saddle would be in a compressed
position against the external surface of the pipe after
bolting.
A swivel ferrule is connected on to the female thread of

the clamp saddle. The main pipe is then drilled through
the ferrule to effect the water connection. Using an under
pressure tapping machine, the ferrule could be fitted
while the water main is under pressure.
The saddle outlet sizes and ferrule sizes commonly

available are 1/2, 3/4 and 1 . The ferrule outlet too
has a female thread. Clamp saddles up to around 160mm
size are made of uPVC, larger saddles are made out
of metal.
Detail of services connection tapping.
VALVE SOCKET
FERRULE
MAIN PIPE
CLAMP SADDLE

PIPE SYSTEM
Installation below ground

Trenches
Cover Depth Trench Preparation

The depth of cover to pipe depends on the pipe size, The width of the trench should be as narrow as
soil condition and vehicular loading when laid under practicable but should be 300 mm wider than the
roadways. pipe size to allow proper compacting of the side fill
material.
General guidelines for minimum depth of cover for
PVC pipes are given in below. If the sides of the trench are found to collapse
shoring should be provided using timber or other
Description Depth of cover suitable material.
Public Roads - Heavy 900 - 1100 mm The trench bottom should be carefully examined for
Traffic the presence of hard objects such as flints, rocky
Private Roads projections or large tree roots which could cause
>63mm Pipe Size 750 mm damage to the pipe.
< 63mm Pipe Size 600 mm In uniform fine grained soils found to be free of
such objects, the pipes may be laid directly on the
Private Land 300 mm trench bottom. The trench bottom should be leveled
to provide a uniform support for the pipes over their
length.
Pipe Bedding
Where soil conditions are not suitable for laying of pipes directly on the trench bottom, the trench should be deepened
and a suitable bedding provided to receive the pipe.
(a) Normal Sub soil

PIPE SYSTEM
(b) Rocky, stony, hard cabook sub soil.
(c) Weak compressible subsoil.
Backfilling
Backfilling material up to 300 mm from the top of the
pipe should be granular, free from stones and other
foreign material. If the excavated material is granular,
it could be used as backfill material. A selected backfill
material or sand should be used otherwise.
Care should be taken is backfilling the trench up to the

top of the pipe. The backfill material should be spread
in layers not exceeding 110 mm on both sides of the
pipe simultaneously and well compacted manually
using a rammer or wooden tamper. Thereafter the
backfill material should be placed in layers and
manually compacted up to 300 mm from the top of the
pipe.

PIPE SYSTEM
Pipe Laying Under Special Conditions
Laying on Swamp or Marshy soil:
On extremely poor soft marshy soil the pipe line
should be laid on a piled foundation.
CONCRETE
Pipe laying on steep ground. STOPPERS
In case of pipe laying on steep ground when the pipe
bedding and backfill material could get washed away,
concrete or clay stoppers should be provided.
Pipe installation on a Bridge Crossing.

uPVC pipes could be laid inside a duct provided in the
bridge structure. The pipe should be anchored at
intervals to prevent lateral movement. It is not
recommended to install uPVC pipes directly exposed
to sunlight.
Pipe laying under Railway track.
It is common practice to provide a concrete casing pipe

for pipes laid under a railway track.

PIPE SYSTEM
FLEXIBLE CONCRETE
COUPLING CASING PIPE
Pipe laying through structures:
When pipes are laid through a wall or other
structure, a protection sleeve or similar ducting shall
be provided.
PVC PIPE TIMBER SUPPORRTING
G.I PIPE SLEEVE BLOCK
BITUMEN
PACKING
PVC
PIPE
Allowable radius of curvature for cold bent uPVC pipe

Pipes up to and including 160 mm diameter may be
cold bent on site to accommodate ground contours,
road curvatures etc., providing the radius of
curvature is not less than 200 times the maximum
outside diameter of the pipe . Useful site dimensions
A and B are given in the following table.
Nominal Size R 0 4m length 4m

(mm) meter A meter length
B meter
20 4.0 57.30 1.84 0.49

25 5.0 45.84 1.52 0.39
32 6.4 35.81 1.21 0.31
40 8.0 28.65 0.98 0.25
50 10.0 22.92 0.79 0.20
63 12.6 18.19 0.63 0.16
75 15.0 15.28 0.53 0.13
6m 6m
length length
90 18.0 19.10 0.99 0.25
110 22.0 15.63 0.81 0.20
140 28.0 12.28 0.64 0.16
160 32.0 10.74 0.56 0.14

PIPE SYSTEM
Pressure Testing.
After a section of the pipeline has been laid and Following are some important points :-
joined, it shall be tested for water tightness before
complete backfilling. Sections of about 300 meters 1. Incomplete air removal can lead to accidents as
length are tested at a time as work proceeds. The well
trench may be partially backfilled except at joints as inconsistent and misleading test results.
which shall be left open. One open end of the pipeline
is closed by a suitable removable cap. If the pipe end 2. Pressure increases shall be gradual and it could be
is flanged, a blank flange could be used for this regulated using a bypass with a valve.
purpose. However, if the pipe has a plain end, it could Water hammer effects shall be reduced or
be closed by using a ring seal type flanged socket and eliminated by slow valve operation.
a blank flange
3. Solvent Cemented joints shall be left for at least 24
A similar arrangement could be used to close the hours before pressure testing.
other end of the pipeline, but with a 25mm inlet on
the blank flange.
The pipeline is then filled gradually with water

through this 25mm inlet via a stop cock ensuring that
no air is trapped inside the pipe. Complete air Volume of water required for filling per K.m
removal can be achieved by filling the pipeline with of pipe is as follows.
water from its lowest point and having bleed valves at
the highest points. Pipe Size Volume Liters
mm
Water tightness test of the pipeline is carried out
according to regulations of the water authority. 63 2376
75 3318
The test pressure and the duration generally adopted 90 4902
110 7390
are 1.5 times the working pressure and 24 hours
140 11882
respectively. Pressure can be applied by means of a 160 15395
manually operated hand force pump or hydraulic 225 30791
pressure pump. 280 47526
All pipe fittings, valves, hydrants and joints are

carefully examined for leaks, if any, and repairs are
done as required. The elasticity of the pipe itself will
cause slight expansion under pressure. A slight initial
drop in pressure reading will not necessarily indicate
a fault. Likewise thermal expansion caused by
temperature changes may effect the pressure reading.
After all defects that could traced are corrected, the

pipeline is kept under pressure for 24 hours. If there
is a pressure drop at the end of the period the volume
of water required to bring the pipeline back to the rest
pressure is measured. For the pipeline to be accepted
this volume has to be lower than a value set by the
relevant water authority. This value is generally
stated in liters per kilo meter for particular pipe size.

PIPE SYSTEM
__________________________________INSTALLATION GUIDE
Installation above Ground
Supports Good and bad pipe Supports.
National uPVC pipes installed above ground must be
solvent cement jointed. Solvent cement joints will
support end loads at changes of direction, blank ends
etc., caused by the action of internal pressure.
Pipelines jointed by solvent welding techniques do
not therefore require external mechanical restraint
against thrust forces. Pipelines designed for above
ground applications should be installed in such a way
as to minimize stress in the pipe material. E.g:-
Movement due to expansion and contraction. As a
general rule National pressure pipe should never be
restrained the hoop direction by U-Straps, Clamps
etc., manufactured from totally unyielding material.
Such restraints should always be lined with a
compressible material, e.g. :- Rubber.
National uPVC pipe may be supported along walls

and in pipe racks by spring hangers, U-Straps, Clamp
etc. Free standing supports constructed in steel or
concrete are also acceptable. In all cases the spacing
of supports is important and the engineers attention is
drawn to the table of recommended support centers on
next page.
Preferably supports to flexible pipe lines installed

above ground should provide location in the lateral
and vertical planes, but allow for longitudinal
movement if necessary. uPVC pipe lines should be
located far enough away from hot objects or pipes to
prevent the material being effected by radiated heat.
All manual operator controls incorporated in the pipe

line e.g:- Valves should be adequately supported to
avoid stressing pipe line during operation (e.g :-
Torque from operation of old gate valves etc.)

PIPE SYSTEM
Good and Bad pipe Supports
Precaution for Thermal Expansion in Laying Inside Buildings.

Thermal expansion does not effect uPVC pipe
performance significantly in most common
applications. However, if the pipe is subject to L
substantial temperature variations, precautionary
measures could be adopted as described below. +l2
-l1
FS - Fixed Support
SS - Sleeve Support FS
L - Length between Fixed support to point
subject to contraction effect.
X - Safe spring Length X
l1 - Maximum expansion or Contraction of

l2 - unplasticized PVC pipe
SS

PIPE SYSTEM

PIPE SYSTEM
Suitable Supporting Arrangement for Avoiding Thermal Expansion Problem.
FS = FIXED SUPPORT
SS = SIMPLY SUPPORT

PIPE SYSTEM
General recommendation for spacing of supports.
External diameter of Pipe in horizontal position (mm) Pipes in vertical

Pipe (mm) Water temperature position (mm)
200 C 300 C 400 C 600 C
20 850 700 500 - 900

25 900 750 550 450 1000
32 1000 850 650 500 1200
40 1100 1000 800 600 1400
50 1250 1100 950 700 1600
63 1400 1300 1100 850 1800
75 1500 1400 1200 950 2000
90 1650 1550 1350 1050 2200
110 1850 1750 1550 1200 2400
140 2150 2050 1850 1600 2500
160 2250 2150 2000 1700 2500
225 2350 2400 2250 2000 2500

PIPE SYSTEM
Soil Waste and Sewerage Applications
BVP - Branch Vent Pipe

MWP - Main Waste Pipe BSP - Branch Soil Pipe
MSP - Main Soil Pipe BWP - Branch Waste Pipe
MVP - Main Vent Pipe WC - Water Closet
MSWP - Main Soil Waste Pipe
Type of Common Installation

PIPE SYSTEM
Laying instruction
Spacing of pipe clips.

With horizontal runs, the pipe clips should be spaced at intervals of no more than 10 times the outside diameter of
the pipes. Vertical lines are spaced at interval of 1metre to a maximum of 2 meters according to pipe diameter.
Subsequent Installation.
Fittings can also be used as jointing to existing pipes.
Two repair coupler method

A sufficient length should be cut out of the pipe (equal to the total length of the fittings plus double the length of the
pipes out side diameter )
The ends of the pipe have to be chamfered before the branch fitting. The two repair couplers will help to close the
gap in the pipe line which has to be fitted with a piece of pipe.
One coupler method
When only one repair coupler is employed , the section to be cut out of the pipe line will have to correspond to the
laying length of the branch (i.e. T or Y ) plus one fifth of the pipes outside diameter.
Both pipe ends have to be burred and chamfered. The repair coupler will be slipped on to one end of two the pipes,
whilst the other end has to be slightly bent for the branch (i.e. T or Y) to be inserted. The repair coupler can
finally be slid over the juncture, the connection is made and pipe line jointed.
**Before the system is put into use, it should be tested for leakage by air test, hydraulic test or smoke test.

PIPE SYSTE
Laying instruction
FLUSHING CISTERN
OVER FLOW
FLUSH PIPE
W C WITH S TRAP W C WITH P TRAP
NATIONAL PIPE CONNECTION TO WATER CLOSET
90 degree FLUSHING CISTERN

NATIONAL(4)
LONG RADIUS
Y JUNCTION INLET 40mm DIA (1
NATIONALFLUSH
ADAPTER
PIPE
110MM dia
SQUATING PAN
(4)
NATIONAL PIPE CONNECTIONS TO SQUATING PAN

PIPE SYSTE
(3/4) 25 mm
PILLAR COCK
OVER
FLOW
HOLE
WASTE
OUTLET
TO P TRAP
NATIONAL
NATIONAL PIPE
PIPE CONNECTIONS
CONNECTIONS TO TO BATH
BATH
(AUTOMATIC) FLUSHING
(3/4) 25mm DIA NATIONAL

FLUSHING PIPE
(3/4 )25mm NATIONAL

ELBOW
DIVISION PIECES
URINAL BOWLS
WASTE OUTLET
APPROX 610
mm FROM (1 ) 40mm DIA
FLOOR LEVEL NATIONAL P TRAP
SIDE ELEVATION
NATIONAL PIPE CONNECTIONS TO BOWL URINALS

PIPE SYSTE

PIPE SYSTEM
ANNEXURE - 1
BASIC PROPERTIES OF UNPLASTICIZED

P.V.C

PIPE SYSTEM
___________________________BASIC PROPERTIES OF uPVC
Basic Properties of uPVC
Property Unit Typical Value at 20 0 C
Relative Density - 1.4
Tensile Strength MPa 50
Izod Impact Strength KJm -2 3.2

0
Softening Point C 80
Hardness Rock well R Scale 115
Tensile Modules MPa 2600
Poissons Ratio 0.33

-
Flammability Oxygen Index (OI) 0.42 Difficult to ignite
Self extinguishing.
Coefficient of Linear Thermal K 6x10 -5

Expansion
Thermal Conductivity W/(mK) 0.17
Volume Resistivity Ohm/m 10 12

PIPE SYSTEM
ANNEXURE - 2
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF
UNPLASTICIZED P.V.C
Notations:-
S - Satisfied
U - Unsatisfied
D - Some attached or absorption, the matter
Considered for use, where limited life is
acceptable.
* - Predicted Result

PIPE SYSTEM
Uplasticized PVC Unplasticized
Chemicals Concentration Chemicals Concentration PVC

200C 600C 200C 600C
40%
Acetaldehyde (w/v)soln S U* Ammonium sulphide S S
U
100% U Ammonium thiocyanate S S
Acetic acid 10% (v/v)soln S S Ammonium zinc chloride
S S*
60% (v/v)soln D (zinc ammonium chloridc) S*
U U
glacial U Amyl acetate U
Acetic anhydride U Amyl alcohol S*
U U
Acetone U U Amyl chloride U U
Acentonitrile U* Aniline U U
Acetophenetidine S* S* Aniline hydrochloride U U
Acetophenone U* U* Aniline sulphate U U
Adipic acid S D Animal oils S* S*
Alcohols,see specific alcohols Anthraquinone S U
Anthraquinone sulphonic
Aliphatic hydrocarbons S S acid S U
Allyl alcohol D U Antimony chloride S S*
Allyl chloride U U Aqua regia** conc. U U
Alum, see aluminium Aromatic hydrocarbons U U
potassium sulphate Arsenic acid (syrupy) 75% (m/m) S D
Aluminium acetate S* S* or 2 g/ml
Aluminium chloride S S Aryl sulphonic acids S U
Aluminium fluoride S* S*
Aluminium hyroxide S* S* Barium carbonate S* S*
Aluminium nitrate S S Barium chloride S* S*
Aluminium oxalate S* S* Barium hydroxide S S
Aluminium oxychloride S S Barium sulphate S* S*
Aluminium potassium Barium sulphide S S
sulphate (alum) S S Beer S
Aluminium sulphate S S Benzaldehydc trace U U
Ammonia dry gas S S 100% U U
liquid U U* Benzene U U
35%
Ammonia solution (m/v)soln S S Benzoic acid D U
(ammonium hydroxide) (0.88 g/ml) Benzoyl chloride U* U*
Ammonium bicarbonate, see Benzyl acetate U U*
ammonium hydrogen Benzyl alcohol
carbonate phenylcarbinol) U* U*
Ammonium carbonate S S Bismuth carbonate S S
Ammonium chloride S S Borax, see disodium
Ammonium ferrous citrate S* S* tetraborate
Ammonium fluoride S S Boric acid S S
Ammonium hydrogen Boron trifluoride S
carbonate S* S* Brine S S
Ammonium hydroxide, Bromine trace S U
see ammonia solution 100% dry gas U* U
Ammonium metaphospate S S liquid U U
Ammonium nitrate S S Bromomethanc
Ammonium orthophosphates S* S* (methyl bromide) U* U*
Ammonium oxalate S* S* Butadiene S S
Ammonium persulphate S S Butane S S
Ammonium sulphate S S Butanediols U U
**Containing 3 parts by volume of concentrated

hydrochloric acid to one part by volume concentrated nitric acid.
PIPE SYSTEM
Unplasticized Unplasticized
Chemicals Concentration PVC Chemicals Concentration PVC
200C 600C 200C 600C

Citric acid
Butanols (butyl alcohol) S D S S S
U
Butyl acetate U Copper** chloride S* S*
Butyl chloride U* U* Copper**cyanide S* S*
S
isoButyl methyl ketone Copper**fluoride S
U* S*
(4-methylpentan-2-one) U* Copper**nitrate S*
U S
Butylphenols U Copper**sulphate S
Butyraldehyde U* U* Creosote U U
Butyric acid 20% aq.soln S U* Cresols U U
conc U U Cresylic acid U U*
Calcium carbonate S S Crotonaldehyde U U
Calcium chlorate S S Cyclohexanol U U
Calcium chloride aq.soln S S Cyclohexanone U U
Calcium hydrogen sulphite
(calcium bisulphite) S* S* Decahydronaphthalene
Calcium hydroxide S S (decalin)
Calcium hypochlorite S S Detergents (synthetic) diluted S S*
Calcium nitrate S S Developers(photographic) S S
Calcium orthophosphates S* S* Dextrin S S
Calcium sulphate S S Dextrose sat.soln S S
Calcium sulphide S S Diamyl ether U* U*
Carbon dioxide (gas) S S Diazo salts S S
Carbon disulphide U Dibromoethane
Carbon monoxide S S ( ethylene dibromide) U* U*
Carbon tetrachloride D U Dibutyl phthalate U* U*
Casein S* S* Dichlorobenzene U* U*
Castor oil S S Dichlorodifluoromethane S
Cetyl alcohol,see hexadecanol Dichloroethane
Chloral hydrate S S (ethlylene dichloride) U U
Chloric acid S S** Dichloroethylene U* U*
Chlorine, gas 10% dry D 1, 2-Dichloropropane
100% dry D U (proplylene dichloride) U U
10% moist U U Diethyl ether U U
Chlorine sat. aq. soln. D U* Diethyl ketone U* U*
Chlorine trifluoride U* U* Diethyl sulphate
Chloroacetic acid S D (ethyl sulphate) U U
Chlorobenzene U U Digol (diethylene glycol) S* S*
Chloroethane (ethyl chloride) U U Dimethyl sulphate
2-Chloroethanol (methyl sulphate) S U
(ethylene chlorohydrin) U U Dimethylamine S S
Chloroform U U Dimethylcarbinol
Chloromethane see isopropyl alocohol
(methyl chloride) U U Dioctyl phthalate U* U*
Chlorosulphonic acid D U Dioxan U* U*
Chromic acid plating soln. S S Diphenyl ether U U
Chromic potassium sulphate Disodium phosphate, see
(chrome alum) S S disodium hydrogen
Cider S* orthophosphate
Dodecanoic acid (lauric acid) S S
Central Industries PLC **At 20% concentration ** Cuprous or cupric

PIPE SYSTEM

200C 600C 200C 600C
Emulsifiers all S* S* Fructose S S
S
Emulsions (photographic) S Fruit juices S S
Ethane S* Fuel oil S S

S U
Ethanediol (ethylcne glycol) S Furfuraldehyde (furufural) 100% U
S U*
Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) 95-100% D Furfuryl alcohol U
40%(v/v)aq.
soln S D Gallic acid, see
Ethers 3,4,5-trihydroxy benzoic acid
(see also diethyl ether) U U Gasoline, see petrol
Ethyl acetate U U Glucose S S
Ethyl acrylate U U Glycerol S S
Ethyl alcohol.see ethanol Glycerol monobenzl ether U* U*
Ethyl butyrate U* U* Glycol, see ethanediol
Ethyl chloride,see chloroethane Glycollic acid 30% alc.soln. S S
Ethyl formate U* U* Grape sugar S S
Ethyl lactate U* U*
Ethyl methyl ketone Heptane S U

(methyl ethyl ketone) U U Hexadecanol (cetyl alcohol) S* S*
Ethyl sulphate, Hexanol (hexyl alcohol) S S
see diethyl sulphate Hydrazine hydrate
Ethylene chlorohydrin, Hydrobromic acid 50%(w/v) aq.
see 2-chloroethanol soln S S
100%(w/v)
Ethylene dibromide, aq.
see dibromoethane soln S* S*
Ethylene dichloride, Hydrochloric acid 10%(w/v) aq.
see dichloroethane soln S S
Ethylene glycol,see ethanediol 22%(w/v) aq
Ethylene oxide (oxiran) U U soln S S
concentrated
Fatty acids, higher S S (36%) S S
Ferric chloride S S Hydrocyanic acid 10%(w/v) aq.
Ferric nitrate S S soln S S
Ferric sulphate S S Hydrofluoric acid 4%(w/v) aq.
Ferrous ammonium citrate, soln S S
see ammonu\ium ferrous 40%(w/v) aq
citrate soln S U
Ferrous chloride S* S* 60%(w/v) aq
Ferrous sulphate S* S* soln D U*
Fixing soln.(photographic) S S concentrated U* U*
Fluorine U U Hydrogen S S
Fluorosilic acid 40% aq.soln S S Hydrogen bromide anthydrous S* S*
conc S S Hydrogen chloride anhydrous S* S*
Formaldehyde 40%(w/w)aq. Hydrogen fluoride anhydrous S* S*
soln S S Hydrogen peroxide 3%(w/v) aq
Formic acid 3% aq.soln S S soln S S
10% aq.soln S S 12%(w/v) aq
25% aq.soln S D soln S S
50% aq.soln S U 30%(w/v) aq
98-100% U U soln S S

PIPE SYSTEM

200C 600C 200C 600C
Hydrogen peroxide continued 90% (w/v) or Mesityl oxide U U
U
greater U Metallic soaps(water soluble) S* S*
Hydrogen sulphide S S Methanol (methyl alcohol) 100% S D
Hydroquinone, see quinol S
6% (w/v) aq. S*
S U*
Hydroxylammonium sulphate S soln U*
D
Hypochlorous acid U* Methoxybutanol
Methyl acetate
Iodine soln. in Methyl bromide
potassiun see bromomethane
iodide U U Methyl isobutyl ketone
Iso-octane(2, 2, see isobutyl methyl ketone
4-trimethylbentane) S U Methyl chloride
Isophorone U U see chloromethane
Isopropanol Methyl ethyl ketone
see isopropyl alcohol see ethyl methyl ketone
Methyl glycol S S
Lactic acid 10% (w/v) aq Methyl hydrogen sulphate 50% (w/v) aq.
soln S S (methyl sulphuric acid) soln S S
100% U U 60%(w/v) aq.
Lanolin S* S* soln S S
Latex S S 75%(w/v) aq.
Lauric acid soln S S
see dodecanoic acid 90%(w/v) aq.
Lauryl alcohol, see dodecanol soln S S
Lead acetate S S Methyl methacrylate U U
Lead arsenate S* S* Methyl sulphate
Lead nitrate S* S* see dimethyl suphate
Lead tetraethyl Methylated spirits S D
see tetraethyl lead Methylcyclohexanone U U
Linoleic acid S S Methylsulphonic acid S D
Linseed oil S S Milk S* S*
Lubricating oil S S Mineral oils S S
Mixed acids** U
Magnesium carbonate S S Molasses S S
Magnesium chloride S S Monochlorobenzene U* U*

Magnesium hydroxide S S
Magnesium nitrate S S Naphtha S S
Maleic acid 25% (w/v) aq Naphthalene U U
soln S S Nickel chloride S S
50% (w/v) aq. Nickel nitrate S S
soln S S Nickel sulphate S S
concentrated S S Nicotine S S
Malic acid Nicotinic acid S S
Manganese sulphate S* S* Nitric acid 5% (w/v) aq.

Margarine S S soln S
Mercurie chloride S S 10% (w/v) aq.,
Mercuric cyanide S S soln. S D
Mercurous nitrate S S
Mercury S S
**Various proportions of concentrated nitric acid and
concentrated hydrochloric acid (see also aqua regia)

PIPE SYSTEM

200C 600C 200C 600C
Nitric acid continued 25% (w/v) aq Phosphorus S U
soln S D Phosporus pentoxide S S*
50% (w/v) aq Phosphorus trichloride U U
S
soln U Phosphoryl chloride
U
70% (w/v) aq (phosphorus oxychloride) U
D S*
soln U Phthalic anhydride S*
98% (w/v) aq Pierie acid 1% (w/v) aq.
soln U U soln S S*
Nitrobenzene U U 10% (w/v) alc.
Nitropropane U U soln U U
Nitrous fumes moist D U Plating solutions:
Nonanol (nonyl alcohol) S* S* brass S S
cadmium S S
Octane S* U* chromium S S
Octanol(octyl alcohol) S* copper S S
Octylcresol gold S S
Oils and fats S S indium S S
Oleic acid S S lead S S
Orthophosphoric acid 20% aq. soln S S nickel S S
30% aq.soln S S rhodium S S
50% aq.soln S S silver S S
95% aq. soln S S tin S S
Oxalic acid S S zinc S S
Oxygen S S Polyglycol eithers U* U*
Ozone S S Potassium acid sulphate
see potassium hydrogen
Palmitic acid 10% S S sulphate
70% S S Potassium antimonate S* S*
Paraffin S S Potassium bicarbonate
Paraffin wax S S see potassium hydrogen
Pentane S* carbonate
Perchloric acid 10% S D Potassium bichromate
Petrol S U see potassium dichromate
Petrol/benzene mixture 80:20 ratio U U Potassium bisulphate
Petroleum spirit see potassium hydrogen
(petroleum ether) U U sulphite
Phenol S U Potassium borate S S
Phenylcarbinol Potassium bromate S S
see benzyl alcohol Potassium bromide S S
Phenylhydrazine U U Potassium carbonate S S
Phenylhydrazine hydrochloride U U Potassium chlorate S S
Phosgene gas S U Potassium chloride S S
liquid U U Potassium chromate S S
Phosphates (see also under Potassium cuprocyanide S* S*
ammonoium, potassium, Potassium cyanide S S
sodium, etc) S* S* Potassium dichromate
Phosphine S S (potassium bichromate) S S
Phosphoric acid Potassium ferricyanide S S
see orthophosphoric acid Potassium ferrocyanide S S

PIPE SYSTEM

200C 600C 200C 600C
Potassium fluoride S S Silver nitrate S S
Potassium hydrogen carbonate Soap solutions (aquecous) S S
(potassium bicarbonate) S S Sodium acetate S S
Potassium hydrogen sulphate Sodium acid sulphate
(potassium acid sulphate) S* S* see sodium hydrogen
Potassium hydrogen sulphite sulphate
(potassium bisulphite) S* S* Sodium aluminate S* S*
Potassium hydroxide 1% (w/v) aq. Sodium antimonate S* S*
soln S S Sodium benzoate S D
10% (w/v) aq. Sodium bicarbonate, see
soln S S sodium hydrogen carbonate
conc. soln. S S Sodium bisulphate, see
Potassium hypochlorite S* S* sodium hydrogen sulphate
Potassium nitrate S S Sodium bisulphite, see
Potassium orthophosphates S* S* sodium hydrogen sulphite
Potassium perborate S S Sodium borate, see
Potassium perchlorate 10% soln S S disodium tetraborate
Potassium permanganate 20% soln S S Sodium bromide S S
Potassium persulphate 5% soln S S Sodium carbonate S S
Potassium sulphate S S Sodium chlorate S S
Potassium sulphide S* S* Sodium chloride S S
Potassium thiosulphate S* S* Sodium cyanide S* S*
Propane Sodium ferricyanide S S
Propane-1, 2-diol Sodium ferrocyanide S S
(propylene glycol) S* S* Sodium fluoride S S
Propargyl alcohol Sodium hydrogen carbonate
(prop-2-yn-l-ol) S S (sodium bicarbonate) S S
Propionic acid 50% aq. soln S* S* diSodium hydrogen
100% aq.soln S* U* orthophosphate S* S*
isoPropyl alcohol Sodium hydrogen sulphate
(isopropanol) S S (sodium bisulphate) S S
Propylene dichloride Sodium hydrogen sulphite
see 1, 2-dichloropropane (sodium bisulphite) S S
Propylene oxide U* U* Sodium hydroxide 1% (w/v) aq.
Pyridine U U soln S S
10% (w/v) aq.
Quinol (hydroquinone) S* S* soln S S
40% (w/v) aq
Rayon coagulating bath S* S* soln S S
conc. S S
Saccharose S* S* Sodium hypochlorite 15% available
Salicylic acid S S chlorine S S
Sea water S S Sodium hyposulphite
Selenic acid U U see sodium thiosulphate
Shortening S* S* Sodium metaphosphate S* S*
Silicone fluids Sodium nitrate S S
Silicic acid S S Sodium nitrite S S
Silver acetate S* S* triSodium orthophosphate S* S*
Silver cyanide S S Sodium perborate S* S*

PIPE SYSTEM

200C 600C 200C 600C
Sodium peroxide S* S* Tanning extracts S S*
Sodium silicate S* S* Tartaric acid S S
Sodium sulphate S S Tetraethyl lead
Sodium sulphide S (lead tetraethyl) S
aq. soln. S S
diSodium tetraborate (borax) S S Tetrahydrofuran U U
Sodium thiosulphate Tetrahydronaphthalene
(sodium hyposulphite) S* S* (tetralin) U U
Soft soap S* S* Thionyl chloride U U
Stannic chloride S S Titanium tetrachloride U U
Stannous chloride S S Toluene U U
Starch S S Transformer oil S* S*
Stearic acid S S Tributyl phosphate U U
Sucrose S* S* Trichloroacetic acid S* S*
Sulphur colloidal S S Trichlorobenzene U* U*
Sulphur dioxide dry S S Trichloroethane U* U*
moist S U Trichloroethylene U U
liquid D U Tricresyl phosphate
Sulphur trioxide S S see tritolyl phosphate
Sulphuric acid 10% (w/v) aq. Triethanolamine S U
soln. S S Trigol (triethylene glycol) S* S*
20% (w/v) aq. 3, 4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid
soln S S (gallic acid) S* S*
30% (w/v) aq. Trimethylamine S U*
soln S S Trimethylol propane (2-ethyl-
40% (w/v) aq. 2-hydroxymethylpropanediol) S U
soln S S Trisodium phosphate
50% (w/v) aq. see sodium orthophosphate
soln S S Tritolyl phosphate
55% (w/v) aq. (tricresylphosphate) U* U*
soln S S Turpentine S S
60% (w/v) aq.
soln S S Urea S S
70% (w/v) aq. Urine S S
soln S S
80% (w/v) aq. Vanilla extract S* S*
soln S S Vegetable oils S S
90% (w/v) aq. Vinegar S S
soln D D Vinyl acetate U U
95% (w/v) aq.
soln D U Water S S
98% (w/v) aq. Wetting agents S* S*
soln U U Whey S* S*
fuming U* U* Wines and spirits S S
Sulphurous acid 10% aq.soln S S
30% aq.soln S S Xylene U* U*
Surface active agents all S* S* Xylenol U* U*E
Tallows S* S* Yeast S S
Tannic acid S S

PIPE SYSTEM
ANNEXURE - 3
UNITS OF PRESSURE

PIPE SYSTEM
___________________________________UNITS OF PRESSURE
UNITS OF PRESSURE
A multitude of different units of pressure and stress appear in use, even in metric countries. In most cases sufficient
accuracy of conversion is achieved by equating.
= 100 kPa = 0.1MPa

1 Bar = 1 Kp/Cm 2
= 100 KN/m 2
For exact calculation
= 1.0197 KP/Cm 2
1 Bar = 1 4.5038 Lbf/in 2
= 1.0197 Kgf/Cm 2
Bar kPa MPa Corresponding Water

KP/Cm 2 Lbf/in 2 kN/m 2 N/mm 2 Column Height
ft meter
10 145.0 1000 1.0 334.35 101.94

9 130.5 900 0.9 300.92 91.74
8 116.0 800 0.8 267.48 81.55
7 101.5 700 0.7 234.05 71.36
6 87.0 600 0.6 200.61 61.16
5 72.5 500 0.5 167.18 50.97
4 58.0 400 0.4 133.74 40.77
3 43.5 300 0.3 100.31 30.58
2 29.0 200 0.2 66.87 20.39
1 14.5 100 0.1 33.44 10.19
0 0.0 0 0.0 0.00 0.00

PIPE SYSTEM
ANNEXURE - 4
ALL THE RELEVANT PRODUCT & METHOD

OF MEASUREMENT STANDARD

PIPE SYSTEM
_______________________________RELEVANT STANDARDS
Standards relating to uPVC Pipes and Fittings
Standard No. Specifications
SLS 147: 1993 Rigid uPVC pipes for potable cold water supplies (Second Revision)
SLS 659 : Part 1 : 1993 Rigid uPVC Pipes joints and fittings for Potable Cold Water Supplies.
Part 1 - Socket Fittings for Solvent Welding (First Revision)
SLS 935 : 1991 Solvent Cement for Polyvinyl Chloride (uPVC) Pipes and Fittings.
SLS 993 : Part 1 : 1993 Conduits for electrical installation Part1 : General Requirements
IEC 614 - 1 : 1978
IEC 614 - 2 - 2 : 1980 Particular Specifications for rigid plain Conduits of Insulating materials.
SLS 989 : 1993 Outside Diameter of Conduits for Electrical Insulations and threads for Conduits
and Fittings.
Standards relating to Seals and Joints
BS 2494 : 1990 Specifications for Elastomeric Seals for Joints in Pipe work and Pipe Series.
BS EN 681-1 Specifications for Elastomeric Seals for Joints in Pipe work and Pipe Series.
BS 4504 Specifications for Flanges and Bolting for pipes, Valves and Fittings - metric
series.
BS 21: Specifications for Pipe Threads for tubes and Fittings where Pressure - tight
joints are made on the threads.

PIPE SYSTEM
_______________________________RELEVANT STANDARDS
International Product Standards.
ISO 4065 : 1978 Thermoplastic Pipes - Universal wall Thickness Table.
ISO 4422 : 1990 Pipes and fittings made of uPVC for Water Supply
ISO: 161 - :1978 Thermoplastic Pipes for the Transport of Fluids - Nominal Outside Diameters
and Nominal Pressure - Part 1: Metric Series.
ISO 727 : 1985 Fittings of uPVC ,cPVC ,or ABS , With Plain Sockets for Pipes Under Pressure -
Dimensions of Sockets - Metric Series.
ISO TR 4191 uPVC Pipes for Water Supply - Recommended Procedure for Laying.
BS/CP 312 British Standards Code of Practice (Thermoplastics Material)
Pt. 2. uPVC Pipe Work for the Conveyance of Liquid under Pressure.
Standards relating to Method of Measurement of Properties of uPVC.
Description. Method of Measurement.
Izod Impact Strength ASTM D256
Rockwell Hardness ASTM D785
Compressive Properties ASTM D695
Tensile Properties ASTM D638
Deflection Temperature ASTM D648

PIPE SYSTEM
ANNEXURE - 5
USEFUL REFERENCES.

PIPE SYSTEM
_________________________________USEFUL REFERENCES
REFERENCES
1. Ray K .Linsley and Joseph - B. Franzini Mcgraw Hill Book , Water Resources Engineering in
1978.
2. A.C. Twort and F.W. Crowley - Edward Arnold Publishers, Water Supply in 1978
3. A.K. Chatterjee - Khanna Publishers, Water Supply and Sanitory Engineering in 1978.
Date Issued 01 st August 2014

We reserve the right to alter, amend and update any product, systems and services described in this Catalogue. We accept no
responsibility for the accuracy of statements made.
Copyright by Central Industries Limited.
No part of this work may be reproduced in any form, by print ,photo print or any other means, without written permission from the
publisher.

I
SO9001:2000 PVCPi
pes PVCFi
tt
ings Sol
ventCe
ment

National PVC Technical Guide Book

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

National PVC Technical Guide Book

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

T

Pipe System - General Information

Pipe System - Product Guide

Pipe System - Design Guide

Pipe System - Handling ,Storage and

Pipe System - Installation Guide

Central Industries PLC 1.1

Central Industries PLC 1.2

National uPVC Pipe System Catalogue

Central Industries PLC 1.3

Central Industries PLC 1.4

Central Industries PLC 1.5

Central Industries PLC 1.6

Central Industries PLC 1.7

Central Industries PLC 2.0

The International Organization for Standards (ISO) is

Central Industries PLC 2.1

Standards for uPVC Fittings Standards for Solvent Cement

Type of Pipe Fitting Working Pressure Standards for Rubber Rings

Type 1000 1000 kPa BS 2494:1990/ BS: EN 681-1

Central Industries PLC 2.0

uPVC pipe is firmly established as a sound

Over the past thirty years, particularly in the

Pressure pipes and Fittings Systems. Water Supply

Soil Waste and Drainage System. Drainage systems

Electrical Insulation System. Electrical insulation systems

Central Industries PLC 2.3

Central Industries PLC 2.4

National uPVC Quality Assurance Scheme

National uPVC solvent cement Objectives

Central Industries PLC 2.5

Pressure Pipes and Fittings System

Soil Waste and Drainage System

Electrical Insulation System

Special Pipe System

Central Industries PLC 3.0

uPVC Pressure Pipes and Fittings System

Nominal Thickness Nominal Thickness Nominal Thickness Nominal Thickness

Bell Formed Pipes for cold water service

Nominal Thickness Nominal Thickness Nominal Thickness Nominal Thickness

uPVC Pressure Pipes and Fittings System

Size Mean Maximum PNT 7 PNT 9 PNT 11 (PN PNT 14

Wall Wall Wall Wall

50 0.6 2.0-2.4 2.4-2.9 3.0-3.5 3.7-4.3

90 - 0.0 1.1 3.5-4.1 4.3-5.0 5.4-6.2 6.7-7.6

Central Industries PLC 3.2

Nominal Size Pipe Socket Nominal Pipe Socket d max

Central Industries PLC 3.3

Used to a convert different pipe sizes.

Central Industries PLC 3.4

Used for connecting brass valves, service ferrules ,and

Used for connecting bib taps, other appliances and

Central Industries PLC 3.5

Used for short turns of 90 0. These are not advisable in

Suitable for bib tap connection as it reduces the offset

Central Industries PLC 3.6

Used for junctions and bypasses in pipe networks.

Used for junctions and bypasses in pipe networks.

Central Industries PLC 3.7

uPVC Pressure Pipes and Fittings System

Suitable for bib tap connection as it reduces the offset

Used at the terminating point of a pipe line.

Central Industries PLC 3.8