Child and Adolescent (Educ.

1)
3RdExam, 2nd Term, SY 2016-2017

Test I. Multiple Choices

Do not answer your test until I tell you to do so. All your answers must be
Directions:
marked on the answer sheet. Test questionnaire contains multiple-choice and essay
questions. Read each item in the test questionnaire carefully and answer the questions.
On the answer sheet, you will shade the letter that matches your answer for each
question. Moreover, this exam is worth a total of 100 points. ABSOLUTELY NO
ERASURE for TEST I
1. Systematic change in the mental processes that underlie all learning and performance is
referred to as:
a. moral maturation c.socio-emotional development
b. cognitive development d. intellectual development
2. According to Vygotsky, cognitive development depends on:
a. Environmental pressure c. social interactions
b. Mental maturation d. genetics
3. Six stages of moral development were proposed by _____
a. Jean Piaget c. Lawrence Kohlberg
b. Lev Vygotsky d. Bronfrenbrenner
4. The task that an individual can accomplish only with the assistance of a more experienced
person represents the learners:
a. area of cognitive dissonance. c. learning opportunity
b. zone of proximal development. d. point of disequilibrium
5. Vygotskys emphasizes the importance of a more experienced other who serves as a guide
to provide _____ for the learner.
a. Questioning c. disequilibrium
b. Scaffolding d. motivation
6. His experiences, together with his interest in literature and his work as a teacher, led him to
recognize social inter action and language as a two central factors in cognitive development.
c. Jean Piaget c. Lawrence Kohlberg
d. Lev Vygotsky d. Bronfrenbrenner
7. Which educational psychologist would most likely submit the following personal ad? I like
long conversations with one other person who allows me to learn at my peak ability. I enjoy
doing the crossword puzzle with someone who is slightly better than I am so I can learn from
their skills. I frequently talk aloud to myself and appreciate when others do the same. If
interested in providing me with support, and being supported in return, please respond to
this ad.
a. Piaget c. Freud
b. Vygotsky d. Bronfrenbrenner
8. Understanding a child's mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem are essential according
to
a. Bronfenbrenner's ecological system c.Pagitian organism theory
b. The life span perspective d.vygotskys socio-cultural theory
9. Consider the educational trends discussed in Chapter 1. Which of Bronfenbrenners
systems influenced incremental trends that continue to increase, such as information?
a. Mesosystem b. Exosystem c. macrosystem d.
chronosystem
10. A child has a good day at school and goes home and shares that excitement with his or her
parents. This represents the influence of which system?
a. Microsystem b. Exosystem c. macrosystem d. Mesosystem

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11. The prenatal period that lasts from conception through the second week is the:
a. Germinal stage b. Embryonic c.fetal stage d. teratogen
12. According to Vygotsky, young children use what mechanism to turn shared knowledge into
their personal knowledge.
a. Conservation of energy c.Private speech
b. Autonomous morality d.Sensorimotor behaviour
13. The Zone of proximal development is the level of development.
a. Just exactly where does student is presently functioning.
b. Out of the zone of where the student is presently functioning.
c. Just above where a student is presently functioning
d. Just below where the student is presently functioning
14. Vygotskian theory most directly supports cooperative learning strategies that are evidenced
by.
a. One student helping all others to learn c. Students are role models for other students
b. Students in competition d. Students helping one another to learn
15. Vygotsky differed from Piaget in that:
a. Piaget believed that learning precedes development
b. Piaget believed that environmental stimuli contributed to development.
c. Vygotskys theory suggests that learning precedes development.
d. Piaget spent his career in the Stalinist Soviet Union.
16. Which of the following scenarios in a kindergarten class would best support Lev Vygotsky's
social constructivist theory of learning?
a. Two children at the games table work on identical puzzles independently without
interacting.
b. One child watches another child dump out a set of puzzle pieces and arrange
them by size.
c. Two children at the table-toy area work side by side on different puzzles.
d. One child watches another child rotate a puzzle piece to fit a space and then
tries out the same strategy.
17. Socio-Cultural theory of human development is related to
a. Jean Piaget. B. Vygotsky. c. Erik Erickson. d.Bronfrenbrenner.
18. The ecological systems theory of development talks about the influence of all the following
systems EXCEPT
a. Microsystem. b. Meso system. c. Biosystem. d. Exosystem.
19. The ball of cells in the fallopian tube is called as
a. Sperm. b. Blastocyte. c. Morulla. d.Zygote.
20. The vital and bodily systems begin to form in the prenatal stage during the
a. Gestation period. b. Embryonic stage. c. Fetal stage. d. Germinal stage.
21. Exposure of pregnant women to teratogens during the prenatal stage would lead to
a. Malformations of the bodily organs and limbs. c. Miscarriage.
b. Premature birth. d. All of the above.
22. Expectant mothers who drink and smokes during pregnancy are likely to give birth to
children with
a. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. c. Facial deformities and defective limbs and heart.
b. Fetal Alcohol Effects. d. A, B, & C.
23. A sperm cell contains:
a. A complete set of 23 pairs of chromosomes so they can be transmitted to the next
generation.
b. 23 chromosomes
c. 23 genes
d. 46 chromosomes
24. Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory:
a. States that human beings must respect the environment and cut pollution
b. Argues that the broad influences of society are more important than family influence

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 c. Is a form of psychoanalytic theory
d. Argues that the individual and their environment form integrated systems which
develop together
25. Bronfenbrenner's ecological model:
a. Implies that changing behaviour may involve changing social cultures and structures
b. Implies that the modification of behaviour should be based on rational principles of
reinforcements and disincentives
c. Denies genetic influences on development
d. Has been largely superseded by life course theory
26. The development before birth takes place in three stages and it begins with:
a. Fetal b. Gestation c. Germinal d. Embryonic
27. In judging an action, moral autonomist believes that, one should consider:
a. The consequences c. The actors intentions as well as the consequences
b. The actors intentions d. The nature of consequences.
28. At birth the brain is only 25% it adult size. Its increase in size during the following years is
mainly due to
a. Increase in number of nerve endings in the brain c. cell production
b. myelination d. cell migration
29. The development of children of late 1990s in Afghanistan and Iraq may have been adversely
affected by wars. In bronfenbrenners theory, this is an example of the influence of
a. Microsystem b. macrosystem c. exosystem d. chronosystem
30. If you have a student with low self-esteem, it would be beneficial to:
a. Engage the student in several social situations to raise his or her social status.
b. Identify areas of low self-esteem to improve those areas, and high self-esteem to
demonstrate achievement.
c. Give the student lots of freedom to explore his or her world.
d. Provide substantial challenges for the student to motivate the student to act.
31. Socializing with peers is important for childrens development because it
a. provides opportunities for equal status contacts
b. they serve as social models for each other
c. provides opportunities for social comparison
d. all of the above
32. Which of the following maternal characteristics affect the babys prenatal development?
a. age b. emotional state c. both of the above d. none of the above
33. Growth of some children was stunted because they experience too much stress instead of
love and affection. This is because
a. Stress alters the food habits
b. Love and affection regulates the flow of important growth nutrients
c. Stress alters the release of growth hormones
d. The body absorbs essential growth nutrients only in presence of affection
34. In order to make teaching more effective and match up to your students styles it may be
good to
a. Determine their styles and use the methods suited to the majoritys style
b. Determine their styles and form groups of those with similar styles and teach them
accordingly
c. Vary your methods frequently to cater to differing styles.
d. Determine their styles and put students with similar styles in the same class/ section
35. Which of the following is a statement that is in agreement with Vygotskys theory of
development?
a. Culture and social interaction influences ones intellectual development.
b. Genetic inheritance is more important than culture for ones cognitive development.
c. Cognitive development processes are universal and basically the same in all cultures.
d. Children construct their own knowledge and society can only stimulate or stifle it.

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36. In Vygotskys theory, the range of tasks that are too complex to be mastered alone but can
be accomplished with guidance from a skilful partner is called
a. collaborative(guided) learning tasks c. scaffolding range
b. socially mediated activities d. zone of proximal development
37. The pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through the lifespan is called
a. maturation c. development
b. biological and socio-economic processes d. experience
38. Which of the following developmental theories would talk about reinforcement and
punishment?
a. Cognitive developmental theory . c. Behavioral theory.
b. Ecological systems theory. d. Systems theory.
39. Alexah receives a job promotion that requires her to travel often. Because of this, she has
less time to spend with her adolescent son and it impacts their relationship. According to
Bronfenbrenner, this is an example of a(n)
a. Microsystems. b. Meso system c. Chronosystem. d. Exosystem.
40. Which of the following stage of development is considered a period of extreme dependence
on adults?
a. Prenatal b. Infancy c. Early Childhood d. Late Childhood
41. The vital and bodily systems begin to form in the prenatal stage during the
a. Gestation period. b. Embryonic stage. c. Fetal stage. d. Germinal stage.
42. Exposure of pregnant women to teratogens during the prenatal stage would lead to
a. Malformatons of the bodily organs and limbs. c. Miscarriage.
b. Premature birth. d. All of the above.
43. Expectant mothers who drink and smokes during pregnancy are likely to give birth to
children with
a. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. c. Facial deformities and defective limbs and heart.
b. Fetal Alcohol Effects. d. A, B, & C.
44. Young infant children look disproportionate in their bodily structure. Their upper half of the
body looks bigger than the lower half. Such a bodily growth and structure explains that
physical development is
a. Cephalocaudal. b. Proximodistal. c. Locomotive. d. B & C.
45. Vince is a highly athletic boy and can play games that involve bodily movement very well.
However, he faces so much of difficulty in drawing and writing that he takes a long time
even to write one alphabet clearly. This is indicative of his
a. Good fine motor skills. c. Poor gross motors skills.
b. Poor fine motor skills. d. Good gross motor skills.
46. Changes in the levels of _____ in the brain, such as dopamine and serotonin, alter the way
in which neurons communicate with one another
a. neurotransmitters. b. synapses c. limbic system. d. pruning
47. With which theory is the following statement most closely aligned? Development is impacted
by subsystems that change over time. Change can originate from within the child or from
outside the child.
a. cognitive developmental theory c. information processing theory
b. ecological theory d. psychoanalytic theories
48. Organs in the unborn child first begin to appear during the
a. fetal period c. embryonic period
b. During germinal period d. embryonic period
49. Which of the following maternal characteristics affect the babys prenatal development?
a. age b. emotional state c. both A and B d. none of the above
50. Which of the following statements is not true?
a. Smoking by mothers during pregnancy causes poor language and cognitive
development in the child.
b. Heavy drinking during pregnancy can lead to the child suffering from fetal alcohol
syndrome.

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 c. Use of marijuana by pregnant mothers is associated with poor verbal and memory
development.
d. Radiation from x-rays can affect the fetus adversely.
51. A childs ability to swipe with his/her arms before s/he can grasp things with the fingers is an
example of
a. cephalocaudal pattern c. both A and B
b. proximodistal pattern d. none of the above
52. The part of brain that plays an important role in balance and muscle coordination is called
a. cerebrum b. cerebellum c. temporal lobe d. parietal lobe
53. Which of the following is an example of gross motor skill?
a. Grasping b. Holding c. Picking up d) Crawling
54. At what stage are children able to reason logically when faced with specific or concrete
problems?
a. Birth 2 years b. 2-7 years c. 7-11 years d. 11-15 years
55. According to Vygotsky, the range of task that are too complex to be mastered alone but can
be accomplished with guidance from a skilful partner is called
a. collaborative(guided) learning tasks c. scaffolding range
b. socially mediated activities d. zone of proximal development
56. Which of the following is a statement that is in agreement with Vygotskys theory of
development?
a. Culture and social interaction influences ones intellectual development.
b. Genetic inheritance is more important than culture for ones cognitive development.
c. Cognitive development processes are universal and basically the same in all cultures.
d. Children construct their own knowledge and society can only stimulate or stifle it.
57. Childrens language acquisition may be best explained as a result of
a. ones biological pre-wiring for language
b. socio-cultural structuring and support
c. Interaction between natural propensity to learn and the social involvement.
d. Imitation and systematic reinforcement
58. Kenneth a wild boy and was not able to learn language properly may be because
a. he was discovered only after the critical period for language learning was over
b. he was socially isolated without exposure to language too long a time
c. both of the above
d. none of the above
59. The fact that children are able to create language in the absence of well-formed input and
gain language milestones in a uniform way suggests that
a. We are born with innate grammatical ability
b. The environment is unimportant in language learning
c. Grammar teaching is unimportant
d. None of the above
60. According to Bronfenbrenner, parents workplace and mass media are examples of
a. microsystem b. exosystem c. chronosystem d. macrosystem
61. Macrosystem in the ecological systems theory refers to
a. Societys values and customs c. Media and community
b. Individuals immediate environment d. socio-historical times
62. An important aspect of Bronfenbrenners theory, as applied to teaching, is to:
a. Anticipate students progression through his eight stages of human development.
b. Emphasize the context-free nature of human thought.
c. Take into account the changing nature of society and societys influence on the student.
d. Validate each students independence from his or her environment and family.
63. Socializing with peers is important for childrens development because it
a. Provides opportunities for equal status contacts
b. Provides opportunities for social comparison
c. They serve as social models for each other

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 d. All of the above
64. Social Learning theory argues that moral behaviour is learnt through a process of
a. Reinforcement, reasoning, and punishment
b. Discussion, reinforcement and punishment
c. Peer interaction, imitation, and reinforcement
d. Imitation, reinforcement, and punishment
65. If a parents support is contingent on some area only, a child may experience
a. High self-esteem c. poor self-awareness
b. lowered self-esteem d. improved self-recognition
66. Children generally acquire gender identity by
a. 2-3 years of age b. about 4 years c. about 5 or 6 years d.
adolescence
67. If you have a student with low self-esteem, it would be beneficial to:
a. Engage the student in several social situations to raise his or her social status.
b. Identify areas of low self-esteem to improve those areas, and high self-esteem to
demonstrate achievement.
c. Give the student lots of freedom to explore his or her world.
d. Provide substantial challenges for the student to motivate the student to act.
68. Which of the following is least likely to influence childrens self-esteem?
a. Teacher approval c. Parenting style
b. Peer influence d. Exposure to mass media
69. Which of the following terms stand for John Lockes idea that children are neither inherently
good nor bad, but how they will turn out will depend on how they are raised:
a. Original sin b. Innate purity c. Tabula rasa d. Reciprocal determinism
70. Which of the following statements is NOT true about what Kohlbergs theory of moral
development
a. Moral development takes place in stages that are age-related and sequential.
b. Moral development unfolds as a result of cognitive development.
c. Peer interaction plays an important role in the development of moral reasoning.
d. Exposure to discussions with others at a level higher than that of their own reasoning is
not helpful.
71. The fact that there are multiple intelligences tell us that
a. It will be impossible to reach out to all the students given their numerous competencies
b. we need to design programmes that teach students in multiple domains
c. there ought to be specialized schools that address the diverse intelligences
d. we need to be careful in choosing which intelligences we want to address
72. The distinctive fundamental sounds of a language are known as:
a. Morphemes b. Syntax c. Phonemes d. Semantics
73. While responding to a new situation a child often makes changes in his / her existing skills.
Piaget refers to this as
a. Adaptation b. Assimilation c. Accommodation d. Equilibrium
74. The development before birth takes place in three stages and it begins with:
a. Fetal b. Gestation c. Germinal d. Embryonic
75. A childs ability to see before s/he can walk is an example of
a. cephalocaudal pattern c. both A and B
b. proximodistal pattern d. none of the above
76. At birth the brain is only 25% it adult size. Its increase in size during the following years is
mainly due to
a. myelination c. increase in number of nerve endings in the brain
b. cell production d. cell migration
77. At which stage are children able to reason logically when faced with specific or concrete
problems?
a. Birth 2 years b. 2-7 years c. 7-11 years d. 11-15 years
78. Childrens language acquisition may be best explained as a result of

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 a. ones biological pre-wiring for language c. interaction between LAD and LASS
b. socio-cultural structuring and support d. Imitation and systematic reinforcement
79. The frequent finding that adults who abuse their children and adolescents typically come
from families in which they themselves were abused supports which theory of development?
a. Freudian psychoanalytic theory c. Bronfrenbrenners Ecological theory
b. Piagitian Cognitive Development theory d. Vygotskys Socio-cultural theory
80. Mothers with AIDS will NOT infect their off-springs
a. During gestation across the placenta
b. During delivery through contact with blood or fluids
c. Through breast-feeding
d. Genetic inheritance

Test II-Essay
Directions: Read the questions and instructions carefully. Read over all the
questions. If you simply answer each question as you encounter it, you may give certain
information or evidence to one question that is more suitable for another. Be sure to
identify all parts of the given statements. Each item has its corresponding points (10
points each). Moreover, Answer question 1 and choose another one question to be
answered out from the three questions left.
1. Discuss three reasons teachers need a working knowledge of child development.
2. Describe the stages of pre-natal development with the developmental milestones at
each of the stages.
3. Discuss any FOUR environmental factors that can be damaging to the development of
the fetus during pregnancy.
4. Discuss the different stages of birth and the physical and psychological adjustments that
the mother has to make after birth.

HONOR PLEDGE FOR THIS EXAM:

After you have finished the exam, please read the following statement and sign your name below it.
I promise that I did not discuss any aspect of this exam with anyone other than the instructor, that I neither gave nor
received any unauthorized assistance on this exam, and that the work presented herein is entirely my own.

_____________________________

Education is a progressive discovery of our ignorance

-Will Durant

Maam Anudin
Instructor

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