Group Member(s): Pemika, Khwanchanok, Tanyatorn, Tanwarat, Sarocha

Country assigned: Cambodia

Development goal selected: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger,
Type of Product: Comic book

Product Description:
(Make sure it is clear what the product will look like, what it will include, and how it will be
organized.)

Our product will be a comic book. In the book, we will have 3 different sides of stories
from people in different classes i.e. labourers, employers and colonizers which are
included in Imperialism, Industrial Revolution and Colonisation. The first part will be about
labourers, their living qualities, their rights and their earnings. The second part will be
about employers, their living qualities, their rights and their earnings. The last part will be
about colonizers and how their arrival affect Cambodia in political, economical and
societal ways.

Summaries: (one paragraph minimum for each section with main ideas only)

Brief background of your country in written in your own words: (post 1900 creation of
country + some major events that made the country what it is today)

Cause and effects of Imperialism on Cambodia

In 1867, King Norodom signed a French protectorate over Cambodia. Under the treaty,
the monarchy was allowed to remain, but France was in charge of all the foreign and
trade relations, and military protection of Cambodia. There were both pros and cons of
imperialism. The positive effects can be divided into 3 categories, which are Political,
Social, and Economy. The political aspects of imperialism is that Cambodia, having been
influenced by France, is now a constitutional monarchy. It also influenced Cambodias law
system seeing as it is based off of the French Legal System. The social aspects of
imperialism are about languages and religion. Having been colonised by France, French
is the second language of Cambodia and the religions were expanded. Overall, the
positive effects of imperialism are that the economy grew because of crops, the education
were improved, peoples health were better and there are improvements of transportation
and communication. On the other hands, there are negative effects of imperialism in
Cambodia. First, Cambodian people had less freedom and had to follow Frances orders.
Second, after the plantation system was introduced, it separated the working class from
the plantation owners creating a system similar to the feudal system in Europe. Natives
that were forced to work on plantations only crop rice, but they were not allowed to have
them at all. Lastly, there were abandonment of rebellions, and the cambodian tradition
were changed.
The ideas of Industrial Revolution in Cambodia
The industrial in Cambodia cannot be stated at a revolution but it was the development
instead. Since 2000 BC, Cambodia is believed to be a mixed economy, that this area
used to be the place of Southeastern China to the Indochinese Peninsula Neolithic settle
place. From that, the Cambodians had rough ideas of economy about domesticate
animals and rice crops and they later on improve through the time, that they also lived
along the Mekong river. That have the same characteristics to the Mesopotamian
Civilisation. However, there are lack of information about the industrial, as most of them
were focused on the political (that link to the idea of colonisation). In addition, Cambodia
had been imperialised and colonised under French, Thai and Vietnam. After those wars,
Cambodian had been disrupted in the economic, because it was too new to them.
However, in 1993, Cambodia also had a huge growth rate in economy side, which it
embraced market economy dependent abroad; later on in 2010, they diversify the
economy maximise value and job creation by export rice. Including different events such
as Sihanouk regime, Khmer Republic, Closed Economy, State of Cambodia and UN
period and Kingdom of Cambodia.
Colonization
In 1864, Cambodia became a French colony. In the beginning, France did not control
much, but after France fully conquered Vietnam in 1883. France also changed the policy
of Cambodia government. In 1884, there was a big change concerning the taxation, the
policing and the abolish of the slavery system. The effects after this forcing revolt of
France was the rebel of the peasants inside Cambodia which had Sriwattha of Cambodia
as the leader. The result of this suppressing was that almost 40,000 of the Cambodians
moved to Thailand. The rebel took 2 years. The rebel ended when a new governor named
Philipini came and talked to Norodom of Cambodia to end the rebel in 1st January 1887
by France delayed the revolution of the slavery system. Norodom of Cambodia did the
notice and asked people to end the rebel. Sriwattha left into frontier of Cambodia-Laos
near the Mekong River. In the same year, France had established the French Indochina.
Cambodia was a protected state. So, they had highest governor as the representative of
France. In 1940, It was the period of the World War II, the army of Japan moved into
Vietnam and took over from France. In 1941, Japan occupied Indochina. In Cambodia,
Japan ruled together with King Norodom Sihanouk. In 1945, the World War II ended and
the Japanese left Cambodia. King Norodom asked the French to return back the land. He
saw that this negotiation looked to be unsuccessful, so he decided to go to the U.S,
Canada, and Japan and announced that he would not come back to Cambodia if he did
not get his land back. Finally, he got Cambodia back, along with Laos and Vietnam.
Cambodia had full power at army supervision after France allowed them to transfer power
of policing and power of the law court back to Cambodia.
Reference:
1. https://prezi.com/vwheeiggm-ot/long-term-effects-of-colonialismimperialism-in-southe
ast-as/
2. https://period6-1imperialism10.wikispaces.com/Positive+and+Negative+Effects+of+I
mperialism+on+Conlonized+People
3. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/L2C_WP7_Chhair-and-Ung-
v2-1.pdf
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_history_of_Cambodia#Sihanouk.27s_peaceti
me_economy.2C_1953-7
5. http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198776987.001.000
1/acprof-9780198776987-chapter-11

Industrial Revolution Notes

Industrialisation in Cambodia (it's not really a revolution but a development instead)

- Mixed Economy, since this area used to be the place of Southeastern China to the
Indochinese Peninsula Neolithic settle place
=> Have rough ideas of economy: Domesticate animals and rice crops. Later on,
they were making iron tools (they lived along the Mekong river).

- Started in 1953, been disrupted by the chronic civil war and strict policy of
successive communism/socialism.
- 1993, embraced market economy dependent abroad => high growth rate yet with
low linkage to domestic economy
- Rice Export Policy in 2010 to diversify the economy, maximise value and job
creation

- 1953, full independence from France => agricultural, rice cultivation, rubber
plantations and join with French economy -> factories created to supply the domestic
market, but focus on importing raw materials
- 1953, full independence from France -> building Cambodia's industrial base, that
they were able to achieve this goal by a policy of modernisation (well-known policy
for newly independence in Asia and Africa).

Khmer Republic (197075)

In 1970, Cambodia was falled into the civil war which supported by China and USA.
Before the regime change, General Non Nol and Sisowath Sirik Matak, who are the new
leader of the coup led the national salvation government charged with the responsibility of
recovering the stable economy that come out from Sihanouk regime in August 1969. Also,
the new policy adopts laissez fair, involved increasing the currency, removing state controls
on foreign trade and banking, and reducing state involvement in enterprise. The liberation of
the public sector and the importance of private business as the mechanism for commercial
and industrial development are the most significant change to the industrial change. However,
the policy was short-lived and their achievement interrupted by the civil war. The state also
controlled and fixed price of necessities and exclusive monopoly over all main primary
products such as rice, maize, rubber, and precious or semiprecious stones

1970 fall into the civil war, supported by China & USA
- Before the regime change, the new leader of the revolution, General Non Nol and

Sisowath Sirik Matak, led the national salvation government charged with the
responsibility of recovering the stable economy that come out from Sihanouk regime in
August 1969.
- New policy adopts laissez fair, involved increasing the currency, removing state controls
on foreign trade and banking, and reducing state involvement in enterprise.
- The liberation of the public sector and the importance on private business as the
mechanism for commercial and industrial development are the most significant change to
the industrial change.
- short-lived and their implementation interrupted by the civil war.
- the state controlled and fixed price of necessities and exclusive monopoly over all main
primary products such as rice, maize, rubber, and precious or semiprecious stones.
State of Cambodia and the UN period (198993)
-

https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/L2C_WP7_Chhair-and-Ung-v2-1.p
df

Colonization

- 1863 ; Cambodia becomes a protectorate of France

- France took over Vietnam & affeted to Cambodia ; Taxition, Policing, abolish
the slavery system
- Till the world war II, Japan had colonized Cambodia and discharge the leader
of France

In October 1887, the French proclaimed the Union Indochinoise, or Indochina Union,
comprising Cambodia and the three constituent regions of Vietnam: Tonkin, Annam,
and Cochinchina. (Laos was added to the Indochina Union after being separated
from Thai suzerainty in 1893.) Cambodia's chief colonial official, responsible to the
Union's governor general and appointed by the Ministry of Marine and Colonies in
Paris, was a resident general (rsident suprieur). Residents, or local governors,
were posted in all the principal provincial centers. In 1897 the incumbent resident
general complained to Paris that Norodom was no longer capable of ruling and
received permission to assume the king's authority to issue decrees, collect taxes,
and appoint royal officials. Norodom and his successors were left with hollow,
figurehead roles as head of state and as patron of the Buddhist religion. The colonial
bureaucracy expanded rapidly. French nationals naturally held the highest positions,
but even on the lower rungs of the bureaucracy Cambodians found few opportunities
because the colonial government preferred to hire Vietnamese.
When Norodom died in 1904, the French passed over his sons and set his brother
Sisowath (1904-27) on the throne. Sisowath's branch of the royal family was
considered more cooperative than that of Norodom because the latter was viewed as
partly responsible for the revolts of the 1880s and because Norodom's favorite son,
Prince Yukanthor, had stirred up publicity abroad about French colonial injustices.
During their generally peaceful reigns, Sisowath and his son Monivong (1927-41)
were pliant instruments of French rule. A measure of the monarchs' status was the
willingness of the French to provide them annually with complimentary rations of
opium. One of the few highlights of Sisowath's reign was French success in getting
Thailand's King Chulalongkorn to sign a new treaty in 1907 returning the
northwestern provinces of Batdambang and Siemreab to Cambodia.

- http://countrystudies.us/cambodia/11.htm
- https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11700705.pdf
- https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%
B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%9
9%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0
%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%
9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E
0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA
- Jeff H. ( 2013 ), Genocide & Persecition Cambodia. United States of Americas
; Greenhaven Press

Poverty in Cambodia:

1. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/institutional-document/151706/cambodi
a-country-poverty-analysis-2014.pdf

Education in Cambodia:

1. http://bookbridge.org/en/the-education-system-in-cambodia/
Diseases and Medical in Cambodia:

1. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/traveler/none/cambodia

http://www.imf.org/external/NP/prsp/2002/khm/01/122002.pdf
http://www.phnompenhpost.com/opinion/helping-reduce-poverty

mom- Soriya
dad- Vireak

Noreaksey
Serey
Darareaksmey
Solutions:
- The World Bank Group has now begun working with Cambodia on the next phase of our
partnership by preparing a two-year Interim Strategy Note, in order to achieve the goal
from MDG of prevention the poverty.
- Interim Strategy is to become the first phase of a new Cambodia-World Bank Group
partnership in investing in creating more opportunities for people.
- The World Bank Group decided to invest more to the private sectors instead of public
sectors that are big companies. From that, they encourage individual people from any
conditions to open business.
- World Bank Group create jobs and raise incomes for people by promoting trade
opportunities, facilitating businesses access to outside markets and helping Cambodia
simplify trade regulations, improve licensing and inspections, reduce paperwork for imports
and exports and establish a commercial, non-judicial arbitration mechanism for the private
sector to resolve disputes => create opportunities for unemployment

Ideal solution:
- The ultimate solution would be that the kids who beg outside of the streets should be
sent to schools to study. If the kids start studying now, the next generation will have a
greater possibility and chance in developing Cambodia.
- Another solution would be dropping the tuition fee of the schools in Cambodia. If all
the schools lowered the tuition and set a standard tuition fee, more children would be
given an opportunity to get education. The main cause of poverty in Cambodia is
education and if the government were to give the children more opportunity to study,
the education level will go up. If they were to get more education, the country will
develop faster with doctors, lawyers, and businessmen. Government should offer
more scholarships to its people so that more people will be educated, raising the
standard of living and employment opportunities.
- Cambodias economy would develop more if NGOs and the government set up more
facilities such schools, day cares, and hospitals in provinces. People in the province
have little access to education and health care. If young adults were to have better
jobs, they would be able to feed their family and live a better life. Young adults who
work in factories usually earn about 80 dollars a month (Cambodia ups). If they were
to earn about 100 dollars a month, they would have spare amounts of money to use
for themselves. The government should stand up for their country if they truly care for
their own people. A small effort can change the whole economy of the country and be
more developed.
- I-4. Poor Infrastructure
- To reduce poverty, government tries to build new infrastructure around the whole
country and it is the way in which the government want to access all kinds of
products to that area or when the people in that area produce goods such as
vegetables, rice or crop that they are easy to transport those things to the market.
While they have no market and poor infrastructure, they live with nothing to make a
living. We can say that infrastructure is the peoples blood string in which people can
 live depend on blood, but when the blood string is poor and the blood can not run
properly, the people will dire automatically.
- After they are removed their residence and compensated with some money, it is not
fair for them because their whole houses are built by cement when the houses are
removed, the houses will be damaged. Most people always say this time is like
Khmer Rouge regime and the government evacuate people from proper area the
difficult one which make people not sanctified to live in which after Khmer Rouge
controlled Phnom Penh City, people were evacuated to the remote area and lived
with nothing there.

1. What are your overall solutions/suggestions for the country - national level - in
solving the problem/reaching the goal that you have chosen?
Recently in Cambodia, the country has signed the contacts with The World
Bank Group in order to prepare for the solutions in achieving the goal that the UN
already set in the MDG board. From that, Cambodians are also wanting to improve
their own issues in the country, one of the most popular cities about poverty, with the
opportunity that open up by The World Bank Group. In addition, The World Bank
Group created opportunities for poor businessman/woman owners that mostly are
private sector (small business and sole trader), and invested money. From that, this
can encourage people in any conditions and statuses to go business. This as well
leads to the creation of jobs for the unemployment for them to find jobs and gain
salaries for their familys needed. At the same time, the Cambodia itself can also
reduce the tuition fees depend on the family condition, this will increase the
possibility and chances in developing Cambodia. Because The World Bank Group is
also helping investing money to those service career to increase the number of
teachers, in order to prevent them from quitting the jobs. Such as too many works
but low salaries, but The World Bank Group prevents that way instead. This then
helps to make sure that every generation come from different families can access to
education, and create a better future in a developed country. Consequently, the
government of Cambodia also created the NGOs community recently. This is a
charities community that involve other countries helps investing and donating
different stuffs such as school, daycares or hospitals in provinces. Leads to people
can understand their own health status and know how to prevent it.

2. Where (city or province) is the problem worse in your country - local level - and
state information/data/statistics showing how/why it is worse?

According to the distribution of household poverty map in the report of Japan

International Cooperation Agency in 2010 which is about Kingdom of Cambodia
Study for Poverty Profiles in the Asian Region, It shows that the province named
Preah Vihear has the highest rate if comparing to other provinces in Cambodia. Only
in the middle area of Preah Vihear has less than 10% of the poverty rate, but the
other areas have high rates of the poverty rate about 30% and more than that. Preah
Vihear is the big province located near Siem Reap, Oddar Meanchey, Kampong
Thom, Stung Treng, and also being a little part of Thailand and Laos.
According to Cambodia Poverty Analysis Report of Asian Development Bank (
2011) , they did the predicting of the poverty rate of each province in Cambodia.
Preah Vihear has the highest rate at every year since 2004 to 2010 ( referable from
the report table data ). And also, at the ninth table from Cambodia Poverty Analysis
Report of Asian Development Bank ( 2014 ), they did show the 10 poorest provinces
in Cambodia by the data source. From the Commune Database 2012 did show that
Preah Vihear was the first province which is the poorest by they had 37% of poor
people in Preah Vihear.
3. What are your specific solutions/suggestions for the city/province - local level - in solving
the problem?

The first suggested solution is to lower the tuition fee so parents would be able to
send their children to school to study. Many children in Cambodia dont receive education
because their parents cant afford the cost, and often have to work from a very young age to
cover their living expenses. So, lowering the fee of education so that children can afford to
go to school can reduce poverty in the future because the children will grow up to be
educated adults in the next generation and have more chance at improving poverty and
developing Cambodia. The second solution is for the government to set up more facilities
such as schools, health centers, and hospitals in provinces. Seeing as people in some areas
dont have access to basic necessities such as those things. If children were to have better
education, they would grow up to be skilled workers such as nurse and lawyer, and
consequently they would earn more money than they do working in factories. The third
solution is for the government to provide free healthcare for poor people in rural areas. Many
people in Cambodia cant afford the medical expenses at the hospital as they barely have
money to get by each day. With free healthcare, people would not have to spend as much
money on medical expenses and would not have to set aside the money the minimum
wages they earn from their jobs.
Goal
- No poverty
- Good health and well-being
- Quality education

The Main Responsibilities

- Pair :
> Research about the cause and effects of Imperialism.
> Probably will write a storyboard and help Bam draw and colour some of the pages
>https://prezi.com/vwheeiggm-ot/long-term-effects-of-colonialismimperialism-in-southeast-as
/

- June :
> Research about the ideas and how Industrial Revolution begin (the origin)
> Help Bam organise the comic book
> http://www.paulbogdanor.com/left/cambodia/locard.pdf

- Bam :
> Research about the cause and effects of Imperialism.
> I will draw and paint storyboard
>https://period6-1imperialism10.wikispaces.com/Positive+and+Negative+Effects+of+
Imperialism+on+Conlonized+People

- Teenny :
> Research about the events during the Industrial Revolution
> Help Bam to draw the comic book
>https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/L2C_WP7_Chhair-and-Un
g-v2-1.pdf

- Khing :
> Researching about the Colonization in Cambodia
> Drawing the comic book
> https://prezi.com/qdcn0bid--ns/the-colonization-of-cambodia/

Cambodias MDG report :

http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/MDG/MDG%20Acceleration%20Fram
ework/MAF%20Reports/RBAP/Cambodia%20-%20may%209%20WEB.PDF
Brief summary of the history of the social issue (based on MDG selected) in
your country: (causes of the social issue in your country)

The cause of poverty

The social issues in Cambodia that we chose to focus on are poverty. All of the issues are linked
and attributed to each other. The first factor that attributes to poverty in Cambodia is low education.
Children in rural areas do not have access to education as their parents cant afford school fees.
Instead, most children start working outside for a living from a very young age with no education
which in turn creates a cycle passing on poverty from generations to generations. The second factor
that attributes to poverty in Cambodia is high population growth. The population growth rate in
Cambodia is much higher than those of the developed countries. With higher population, the citizens
will need more food and shelters causing the government to spend more money on building a living
place. They also lack skilled workers due to low education and skill trainings because high
population growth needs health care service. The third factor that attributes to poverty in Cambodia
is civil war. Due to this fact, foreign investors is discouraged from doing business in Cambodia, in
turn making Cambodia has less economic growth and activities. A lot of people also died as a result
of civil war, children become orphans, and many people have their home and cities destroyed. Also,
many unexploded landmines are buried in many areas of Cambodia, making it very hard for people
in rural areas who depend on agriculture for a living to farm on the land, and other areas that arent
inhabited by landmines are mostly exploited and destroyed.

Brief summary of how the social issue (based on the MDG selected) has
affected your country (post 1945): (effects of the social issue in your country
current situation)
POVERTY:
- Poverty in Cambodia is affected from the war, including low income and consumption, poor
nutritional status, low education, less access to public services including school and health
services. Also, low education is part of poverty. Education in Cambodia is one of the huge
issue because they dont have enough schools, teachers, or resources. Some schools are
too far away from their house, otherwise their children cannot go to school because some
families are poor and their children have to work outside the house for their living. Cambodia
had get low of education because lost lot of scholar by the war, and the poverty remains
with the poor children who have to go out of house to work for their education.
- They led to lack of money that use to develop the education in Cambodia. From that, this
led the young generations in Cambodia had less opportunities to enter the schools, which
they cannot gain enough knowledge that they can use in the future. This led to they cannot
meet the requirements of the companies, and bring down the economic specifically of
Cambodia (also unemployment rate increase). Apart from that, they only can afford to work
in a low paid job, then this go through the generations in the family. Other than that, as most
of the job in Cambodia is based on farming, so they then have the perspective of having
more children, which the more family members, the more work they can get done. But then
this led to the issue that they cannot afford every single need for their children. Furthermore,
it can also lead to population growth of this perspective and also the cause from the lack of
education, which they did not reach the ideas of contraception. From that, they are
unaffordable to condoms for their own protection in relationship.
- After the poverty impacts, this also one of the reasons that can lead to low medical and
become the impact and dangered the Cambodian life. Including the hospital did not provide
the educations to the citizens thoroughly as the budget is low, which it affects the
uneducated about health citizens in Cambodia. For example, lack of knowledge about
medicine, sanitation, contraception, etc. Sometimes, this then cause the people did not and
 lack of their own health status and might risk their life because some diseases are hard to
find the symptoms, cannot be treat probably and endangered their life if they did not get the
healthcare service. From that, people can be treat randomly through a traditionally way of
the country, which can increase the disease rate to be dangerous, this can lead to
spreading out the disease into the cities.

Brief summary of what your countrys government has done to deal with the
social issue (based on the MDG selected): (policies in place and progress in
dealing with the problem)
Poverty
The ways to solve the problems of the poverty in Cambodia is to decrease the tuition fee of
the schools in Cambodia because many families face to poverty issue. They did not have
enough money to pay for the school. Therefore, some parents let their children work by
being beggars. Those children might agree with their parents because of no many choices.
Some people think that begging money on the sidewalk is the best way to help them to get
more money, but they were wrong because kids will learn only how to ask people, but they
will not learn how to do. Some will be unhealthy and get sick because of staying on the
dusty roads or streets. That will lead to the big issue of the country. To fix this problem, The
governments should establish the facilities such as education, healthcare with low price
because there are a lot of people cant afford the price and parents should sent them to
study, and government should decrease the tuition fee of the schools. Many families might
have enough money to let their children study and get the better job in the future. Studying
can help them earn more money because they will have more efficiency to do work than
other people who do not get the education. After adult having good job, they will be able to
to sent their child to go to school.
After civil war, Cambodia was chaotic. In present, they are trying to fix the problem that they
got from the civil war, and the healthcare system is getting better. However they meet the
big problem, most of which is the price of health care system is accessibility. Abundant of
Cambodians cant afford the medical service in the hospital since it is very expensive. Most
of Cambodias health care system use the curative medicine. The most common illnesses
that Cambodians always get are from the water and sanitation such as diarrhoeal diseases,
Malaria, malnutrition, and tuberculosis. Most of Cambodian children will receive the vaccine
that against them from tuberculosis, tetanus, measles, diphtheria and polio. In the 1970s,
the Khmer Rouge proscribed Western medicine. That causes traditional medicine can only
approach in Cambodia at that time, especially in remote area. Therefore, the traditional
medicine become Cambodias culture.
Reference list for the starter sources used: (APA format)

- Progress in Achieving Cambodia Millennium Development Goals: Challenges and

Opportunities ( May, 2007 ) Retrieved from :
http://www.un.org/en/ecosoc/docs/pdfs/cambodia_national_rpt.pdf
- Poverty in Cambodia ( January 12, 2013 ) Retrieved from :
https://cambodia24.wordpress.com/2013/01/12/poverty-in-cambodia/
- Cause of Poverty in Cambodia ( January 7, 2013 ) Retrieved from :
https://www.ammado.com/nonprofit/128766/articles/72904
- Healthcare in Cambodia ( N.D. ) Retrieved from :
http://www.expatfinder.com/cambodia/expat-guides/article/healthcare-in-cambodia/1823
- Impact of health financing policies in Cambodia ( March, 2017 ) Retrieved from :
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953617300412
- Charlene, T. ( June, 2007 ) Education reforms in Cambodia: Issues and concerns. Retrieved
from :
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44837563_Education_reforms_in_Cambodia_Issu
es_and_concerns
- About Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport ( N.D. ) Retrieved from :
http://www.moeys.gov.kh/en/about-us.html#.WgWXubaB3-Y
- Chloe, C. ( May 8, 2017 ) Resolving company-community conflicts: Whats the role of
corporate leverage? Retrieved from :
https://politicsofpoverty.oxfamamerica.org/2017/05/resolving-company-community-conflicts-
whats-the-role-of-corporate-leverage/
- Phalla, C. ( N.D. ) Education Reform in Cambodia Retrieved from :
http://www.riseprogramme.org/sites/www.riseprogramme.org/files/Politics%20of%20Change
_Phalla%20Chea.pdf
- Improving Education in Cambodia ( August 27, 2013 ) Retrieved from :
https://www.childfund.org/Content/NewsDetail/2147488882/
- What is the ultimate solution? ( N.D. ) Retrieved from :
https://povertyincambodia1.weebly.com/solution.html
http://juneseportfolio.weebly.com/introduction-to-economic/introduction-to-economic-
poverty-simulation

1&2
Poverty

- First of the reason why poverty happen in Cambodia is Low education.

- The second reason that bring Cambodia become poor country is high
Population Growth which refer to the number of population that increases by
time to time.
- political stability, war, natural disaster.
- https://politicsofpoverty.oxfamamerica.org/2017/05/resolving-company-comm
unity-conflicts-whats-the-role-of-corporate-leverage/
Education

1. http://www.riseprogramme.org/sites/www.riseprogramme.org/files/Politics%20
of%20Change_Phalla%20Chea.pdf
2. https://www.childfund.org/Content/NewsDetail/2147488882/ ( Poverty and
Education )

The social issues in Cambodia that we chose to focus on are poverty, healthcare, and education.
All of the issues are linked and attributed to each other. The first cause of social issues in Cambodia
is low education. Citizens in many areas do not have access to basic necessities such as electricity,
transportation, and communication. Also, most companies in Myanmar are state-owned, while
private-owned and foreign-owned business are allowed under certain restrictions.

Education issue in Cambodia has two main causes which are corruption and poverty issue. Students
can pass the exam. Some can copy another students answer or some can ask their teachers to
answer the exam questions by giving money to their teachers or invigilators which leads to low quality
of the education. However, the poverty of Cambodia is also the big main reason for low quality
education in Cambodia.

The cause of much diseases with low medical

- https://www.voacambodia.com/a/outside-siem-reap-town-poverty-remains-a-daily-reality/3145
767.html
- https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/institutional-document/151706/cambodia-country-povert
y-analysis-2014.pdf
- https://www.jica.go.jp/activities/issues/poverty/profile/pdf/cam_03_01.pdf
-
 1. What are your overall solutions/suggestions for the country - national level - in solving
the problem/reaching the goal that you have chosen?

Recently in Cambodia, the country has signed the contacts with The World Bank
Group in order to prepare for the solutions in achieving the goal that the UN already set in
the MDG board. From that, Cambodians are also wanting to improve their own issues in the
country, one of the most popular cities about poverty, with the opportunity that open up by
The World Bank Group. In addition, The World Bank Group created opportunities for poor
businessman/woman owners that mostly are private sector (small business and sole trader),
and invested money. From that, this can encourage people in any conditions and statuses to
go business. This as well leads to the creation of jobs for the unemployment for them to find
jobs and gain salaries for their familys needed. At the same time, the Cambodia itself can
also reduce the tuition fees depend on the family condition, this will increase the possibility
and chances in developing Cambodia. Because The World Bank Group is also helping
investing money to those service career to increase the number of teachers, in order to
prevent them from quitting the jobs. Such as too many works but low salaries, but The World
Bank Group prevents that way instead. This then helps to make sure that every generation
come from different families can access to education, and create a better future in a
developed country. Consequently, the government of Cambodia also created the NGOs
community recently. This is a charities community that involve other countries helps
investing and donating different stuffs such as school, daycares or hospitals in provinces.
Leads to people can understand their own health status and know how to prevent it.

2. Where (city or province) is the problem worse in your country - local level - and state
information/data/statistics showing how/why it is worse?

According to the distribution of household poverty map in the report of Japan

International Cooperation Agency in 2010 which is about Kingdom of Cambodia Study for
Poverty Profiles in the Asian Region, It shows that the province named Preah Vihear has the
highest rate if comparing to other provinces in Cambodia. Only in the middle area of Preah
Vihear has less than 10% of the poverty rate, but the other areas have high rates of the
poverty rate about 30% and more than that. Preah Vihear is the big province located near
Siem Reap, Oddar Meanchey, Kampong Thom, Stung Treng, and also being a little part of
Thailand and Laos.
According to Cambodia Poverty Analysis Report of Asian Development Bank ( 2011)
, they did the predicting of the poverty rate of each province in Cambodia. Preah Vihear has
the highest rate at every year since 2004 to 2010 ( referable from the report table data ). And
also, at the ninth table from Cambodia Poverty Analysis Report of Asian Development Bank
( 2014 ), they did show the 10 poorest provinces in Cambodia by the data source. From the
Commune Database 2012 did show that Preah Vihear was the first province which is the
poorest by they had 37% of poor people in Preah Vihear.
3. What are your specific solutions/suggestions for the city/province - local level - in solving
the problem?

The first suggested solution is to lower the tuition fee so parents would be able to
send their children to school to study. Many children in Cambodia dont receive education
because their parents cant afford the cost, and often have to work from a very young age to
cover their living expenses. So, lowering the fee of education so that children can afford to
go to school can reduce poverty in the future because the children will grow up to be
educated adults in the next generation and have more chance at improving poverty and
developing Cambodia. The second solution is for the government to set up more facilities
such as schools, health centers, and hospitals in provinces. Seeing as people in some areas
dont have access to basic necessities such as those things. If children were to have better
education, they would grow up to be skilled workers such as nurse and lawyer, and
consequently they would earn more money than they do working in factories. The third
solution is for the government to provide free healthcare for poor people in rural areas. Many
people in Cambodia cant afford the medical expenses at the hospital as they barely have
money to get by each day. With free healthcare, people would not have to spend as much
money on medical expenses and would not have to set aside the money the minimum
wages they earn from their jobs.