CVE5307(F) Page 1 of 4

INTI INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS) IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

CVE5307: WATER ENGINEERING
FINAL EXAMINATION: JANUARY 2016 SESSION

Question 1

(a) A pipeline of diameter D = 1 m has a length L = 230 m, and the Darcy friction factor
may be assumed to have a constant value of 0.026. The pipeline includes several bends,
with a total local head loss of 0.9V2/2g, where V is the velocity of water in the pipeline.
Calculate the value of the resistance term K in the expression h = KQ2, which relates
the overall head loss h to the flow rate Q through this pipeline. ( 8 marks)

(b) The horizontal water pipe network ABCD shown in Figure Q1, has 0.1 m3/s entering
at A, 0.05 m3/s and 0.02 m3/s withdrawn at B and D respectively, with the remainder
being withdrawn at C. If the pressure head at A is 30 m of water, calculate the
pressure head at C. Assume the friction factor () for all pipes to be constant at 0.016
and ignore local head losses. The pipeline data is given in Table Q1.

B 0.05m3/s

+
A C

0.1m3/s
+

D 0.02m3/s

Figure Q1: Horizontal Water Pipe Network

Table Q1: Pipeline data

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Pipe Length (m) Diameter (mm)

AB 1000 150

BC 1000 200

AC 1414 200

CD 1000 300

AD 1000 200
(17 marks)

Question 2

(a) Design of water supply and sanitation scheme is based on the projected population of a
particular city, estimated for the design period. Predict the population for the year 2021,
2031, and 2041 from below population data using the incremental increase method.

Year 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

Population 8,58,545 10,15,672 12,01,553 16,91,538 20,77,820 25,85,862

(10 marks)
(b) The diameters of an impeller of a centrifugal pump an inlet and outlet are 30cm and
60cm respectively. Determine the minimum starting speed of the pump if it works
against a head of 30m.
(10 Marks)
(c) Lay out a water distribution system from a reservoir to consumers with a neat sketch.
(5 Marks)

Question 3

(a) An overflow spillway with the upstream face vertical is to be designed replacing
existing Batu Dam at Ulu Yam, Malaysia, for a flood peak of 3000 m3/s. Does it
suit? Given that the height of the spillway crest is kept at RL 130.50 m. The average
river bed level at the site is 102.50 m. The number of spans is 6, clear waterway
between piers is 12 m, thickness of the pier is 2 m, pier contraction coefficient, Kp =
0.02 and abutment contraction coefficient, Ka = 0.20 for the effect of end contraction.
Assume the coefficient of discharge is 2.20 and the slope of the d/s face of the
overflow section is 0.8: 1.

(i) Determine the design head by neglecting the end contraction. (6 marks)
(ii) What will happen if the design head is determined by taking the effect of end
contraction of piers and spans? (6 marks)
(iii) Determine the optimum distance of the toe from the spillway crest. (6 marks)

(b) Explain briefly why a stilling basin is required downstream of a drop structure or
spillway. (7 marks)
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Question 4

(a) Water flow with a velocity of 3 m/s, and a depth of 3m in a rectangular channel of 2
m wide. Then there is an upward step of 30 cm as shown in figure below. Compute
the depth of flow over the step.

(10 Marks)

(b) A channel, 20 m wide and having a bed slope of 0.006, is discharging water with a
velocity of 1.5 m/s. The flow is regulated in such a way that the slope of the water
energy gradient is 0.0008. Find the rate at which the depth of water will be changing
at a point where the water is flowing 2 m deep. (8 Marks)

(c) Explain i) critical velocity, ii) critical depth and iii) minimum specific energy with a
neat drawing of specific energy curve. (7 Marks)

Question 5

(a) Estimate the sediment transport rate using appropriate formula of the following data.
Give reasons for choosing the formula.
Flow depth measured = 6m
Discharge = 450 m3/s
Width = 50m
Bed slope = 0.0003
Typical diameter of sediment = 0.01 m
Specific gravity of sediment = 2.65 (12 Marks)
Lm 1 v
(b) (i) If then show that m ( m ) x [Viscosity model] (7 marks)
Lp x vp p
(ii) The maximum speed during this initial part of a missiles flight is 10 m/s during
its underwater launch. Determine the mean water tunnel flow velocity if a 1/20
scale model is employed and dynamic similarity is achieved. (6 marks)

------ THE END -------

CVE5307 (F) JAN 2016/ Md.MunirHayetKhan/20th March 2016
 CVE5307(F) Page 4 of 4

USEFUL FORMULA SHEET

Density of water = 1000 kg/m3, Gravity g = 9.81 m/s2

LV 2 L
Darcy formula hf = KQ2 and K
2 gD 2 g A2 d
VD
Reynolds number Re

V V
Froude number Fr for a rectangular channel
gA B gy

Hydraulic jump
y2 1

1 1 8Fr12 for a rectangular channel
y1 2

The length of the hydraulic jump = 6(y2 y1)

q2
Critical depth yc 3 for a rectangular channel
g

h f
Hardy Cross head balance correction, Q
2 f
h
Q

Non-uniform flow,

Discharge over the weir, Q = C L Hd3/2

Downstream profile of the spillway, xn = K Hen-1 y (K = 2.0 , n = 1.85 for vertical face).

Orifice discharge, Q C d A 2 gH

Sediment flow rate (Meyer-Peter & Mller, 1948), qsb D gDs 1 8( Fs 0.047)3 / 2

m
Fgr qD V
n

Sediment flow rate (Ackers & Whites Formula 1973), qs C 1

Agr Dm u*
1 n
u*
n
V
Mobility number, Fgr
gD( s ) 1 32 log 10 Dm D

0.1 5 / 2
Sediment transport load (Engelund/Hansens 1967), qt /
s g ( s 1) D50
3

Shields formula for sediment load transport,