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Jaipuria Institute of Management 1

Jaipur, Rajasthan

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR


MANAGEMENT
PROJECT REPORT ON

SUBMITTED BY: AJAY DANGAYACH SUBMITTED TO: Dr AKASH D DUBEY


NEERAJ ASWANI
SAKSHI GOYAL
SURBHI BAJ
VINAY KHANDELWAL

Authors: - Ajay Dangayach; Neeraj Aswani; Sakshi Goyal, Surbhi Baj, Vinay Khandelwal
Jaipuria Institute of Management 2
Jaipur, Rajasthan

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher, Dr. Akash D Dubey, who gave me
the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic, INTERNET OF THINGS, which also
helped me in doing a lot of Research and I came to know about so many new things for which I am
thankful to him.

Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this project
within the limited time frame.

Authors: - Ajay Dangayach; Neeraj Aswani; Sakshi Goyal, Surbhi Baj, Vinay Khandelwal
Jaipuria Institute of Management 3
Jaipur, Rajasthan

Table of Contents

...................................................................................................................................................................... 1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................................................... 2
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 5
IOT KEY FEATURES ...................................................................................................................................... 5
IOT ADVANTAGES:.................................................................................................................................. 6
IOT DISADVANTAGES ............................................................................................................................. 6
HISTORY ........................................................................................................................................................ 7
IOT IN TREND: ............................................................................................................................................... 7
WORKING OF IOT .......................................................................................................................................... 8
APPLICATIONS AND USES OF IOT .................................................................................................................. 9
1. ENGINEERING, INDUSTRY, AND INFRASTRUCTURE .......................................................................... 9
2. GOVERNMENT AND SAFETY.............................................................................................................. 9
3. HOME AND OFFICE ......................................................................................................................... 10
4. HEALTH AND MEDICINE .................................................................................................................. 10
5. DEVICES ........................................................................................................................................... 10
6. MEDICAL INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION ........................................................................................ 11
7. MEDIA, MARKETING AND ADVERTISING: ....................................................................................... 11
8. MARKETING AND CONTENT DELIVERY ........................................................................................... 11
9. IMPROVED PROMOTING: ................................................................................................................ 12
TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS .............................................................................................................. 13
1. RAILS AND MASS TRANSIT .............................................................................................................. 13
2. STREET ............................................................................................................................................. 13
3. VEHICLE ........................................................................................................................................... 13
4. COMMERCIAL TRANSPORTATION ................................................................................................... 14

Authors: - Ajay Dangayach; Neeraj Aswani; Sakshi Goyal, Surbhi Baj, Vinay Khandelwal
Jaipuria Institute of Management 4
Jaipur, Rajasthan

EDUCATION APPLICATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 15


INSTRUCTION ORGANIZATIONS .............................................................................................................. 15
EDUCATORS ............................................................................................................................................ 15
PERSONALIZED EDUCATION.................................................................................................................... 16
CONSUMER APPLICATIONS ......................................................................................................................... 17
WORK ...................................................................................................................................................... 17
PLAY ........................................................................................................................................................ 17
SECURITY ................................................................................................................................................. 18
SECURITY SPECTRUM: ............................................................................................................................. 18
CHALLENGES ............................................................................................................................................... 19
CONSENT .......................................................................................................................................... 20
THE RIGHT OF BEING LEFT ALONE ........................................................................................... 20
INDISTINGUISHABLE DATA......................................................................................................... 20
COMFORT ......................................................................................................................................... 20

Authors: - Ajay Dangayach; Neeraj Aswani; Sakshi Goyal, Surbhi Baj, Vinay Khandelwal
Jaipuria Institute of Management 5
Jaipur, Rajasthan

INTRODUCTION

The Internet of things (IoT) is the inter-networking of physical devices, vehicles, buildings, and other
items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity which enable
these objects to collect and exchange data. The IoT allows objects to be sensed or controlled remotely
across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integration of the physical
world into computer-based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit
in addition to reduced human intervention. When IoT is augmented with sensors and actuators, the
technology becomes an instance of the more general class of cyber-physical systems, which also
encompasses technologies such as smart grids, virtual power plants, smart homes, intelligent
transportation and smart cities.

"Things", in the IoT sense, can refer to a wide variety of devices such as heart monitoring
implants, biochip transponders on farm animals, cameras streaming live feeds of wild animals in coastal
waters, automobiles with built-in sensors, DNA analysis devices for environmental/food/pathogen
monitoring, or field operation devices that assist firefighters in search and rescue operations.

IOT KEY FEATURES


The most imperative highlights of IoT incorporate artificial intelligence, connectivity, sensors, dynamic
engagement, and little gadget utilize. A concise review of these highlights is given beneath:

AI IoT basically makes practically anything "smart", which means it upgrades each part of existence
with the energy of information accumulation, manmade algorithms, and systems. This can mean
something as basic as improving your refrigerator and cabinets to recognize when milk and your most
loved grain run low, and to then submit a request with your favored food merchant.

Connectivity New empowering advances for systems administration, and particularly IoT
organizing, mean networks are no longer exclusively tied to major providers. Systems can exist on a
substantially littler and less expensive scale while yet being useful. IoT makes these little systems
between its framework gadgets.

Sensors IoT loses its qualification without sensors. They go about as characterizing instruments
which change IoT from a standard detached system of gadgets into a dynamic framework able to do
genuine reconciliation.

Authors: - Ajay Dangayach; Neeraj Aswani; Sakshi Goyal, Surbhi Baj, Vinay Khandelwal
Jaipuria Institute of Management 6
Jaipur, Rajasthan

Active Engagement Much of the present collaboration with associated innovation occurs through
inactive engagement. IoT presents another worldview for dynamic substance, item, or service
engagement.

Small Devices Devices, as anticipated, have turned out to be littler, less expensive, and more intense
after some time. IoT abuses reason fabricated little gadgets to convey its exactness, adaptability, and
flexibility.

IOT ADVANTAGES:
Though IoT delivers an impressive set of benefits, it also presents a significant set of challenges. Here is a
list of some its major issues:

Though IoT delivers each region of way of life and business. Here is a list of a portion of the points of
interest that IoT must offer:

Improved Customer Engagement Current analytics experience the ill effects of blind sides and
critical imperfections in exactness; and as noted, engagement stays inactive. IoT totally changes this to
accomplish wealthier and more successful engagement with groups of onlookers.

Technology Optimization The similar advancements and information which enhance the client
experience likewise enhance gadget utilize, and help in more intense changes to innovation. IoT opens
a universe of basic utilitarian and field information.

Reduced Waste IoT influences territories of improvement clear. Current investigation gives us
superficial knowledge, however IoT gives genuine data prompting more successful administration of
assets.

Enhanced Data Collection Modern information gathering experiences its restrictions and its outline
for inactive utilize. IoT breaks it out of those spaces, and places it precisely where people truly need to
go to examine our reality. It permits an exact picture of everything.

IOT DISADVANTAGES
Although IoT delivers an impressive set of benefits, it likewise shows a huge arrangement of difficulties.
Here is a list of a few its significant issues:

Security IoT makes an ecosystem of constantly associated gadgets imparting over networks. The
framework offers little control regardless of any safety efforts. This leaves clients presented to
different sorts of attackers.

Authors: - Ajay Dangayach; Neeraj Aswani; Sakshi Goyal, Surbhi Baj, Vinay Khandelwal
Jaipuria Institute of Management 7
Jaipur, Rajasthan

Privacy The refinement of IoT gives considerable individual information in detail without the client's
active participation.

Complexity Some discover IoT frameworks confounded as far as outline, organization, and support
given their utilization of numerous advancements and a substantial arrangement of new empowering
advances.

Flexibility Many are worried about the adaptability of an IoT framework to incorporate effectively
with another. They stress over ending up with a few conflicting or locked systems..

Compliance IoT, like some other innovation in the domain of business, must conform to controls. Its
unpredictability influences the issue of consistence to appear to be unimaginably testing when many
consider standard programming consistence a fight.

HISTORY
The term Internet of Things is 16 years of age. Be that as it may, the real thought of associated gadgets
had been around longer, in any event since the 70s. In those days, the thought was regularly called
embedded internet or pervasive computing. But, the genuine term "Internet of Things" was instituted
by Kevin Ashton in 1999 amid his work at Procter Gamble. Ashton who was working in supply chain
optimization, needed to pull in senior administration's consideration regarding another energizing
innovation called RFID. Since the web was the most blazing new pattern in 1999 and because it by one
means or another seemed well and good, he called his introduction "Internet of Things".

Even though Kevin snatched the interest of some P&G executives, the term Internet of Things did not get
across the board of consideration for the following 10 years.

IOT IN TREND:
The idea of IoT began to increase some fame in the mid-year of 2010. Data released that Google's Street
View service had made 360-degree pictures as well as put away huge amounts of information of
individuals' WIFI systems. Individuals were debating whether this was the begin of another Google
methodology to list the web as well as file the physical world.

That year, the Chinese government declared it would make the Internet of Things a key need in their
Five-Year-Plan.

In 2011, Gartner, the market research company that invented the famous hype-cycle for emerging
technologies incorporated another rising marvel on their list: "The Internet of Things".

The following year the topic of Europe's greatest Internet gathering LeWeb was the "Internet of Things".
In the meantime, well known tech-centered magazines like Forbes, Fast Company, and Wired beginning
utilizing IoT as their vocabulary to depict the wonder.

Authors: - Ajay Dangayach; Neeraj Aswani; Sakshi Goyal, Surbhi Baj, Vinay Khandelwal
Jaipuria Institute of Management 8
Jaipur, Rajasthan

In October of 2013, IDC published a report expressing that the Internet of Things would be a $8.9 trillion
market in 2020.

The term Internet of Things achieved mass market awareness when in January 2014 Google declared to
purchase Nest for $3.2bn. In the meantime, the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas was held
under the topic of IOT.

WORKING OF IOT
A super associated brilliant home is an ideal case of how the IoT is winding up some portion of regular
daily existence.

A significant number of us have longed for savvy homes where our machines do our offering naturally.
The caution sounds and the espresso pot begins blending the minute you need to begin your day. Lights
go ahead as you stroll through the house. Some inconspicuous processing gadget reacts to your voice
charges to peruse your calendar and messages to you while you prepare, at that point turns on the TV
news. Your auto drives you to work by means of the slightest congested course, liberating you up to get
made up for lost time with your perusing or prepare for your morning meeting while in travel.

Associated gadgets produce enormous measures of Internet movement, including heaps of information
that can be utilized to make the gadgets helpful, yet can likewise be dug for different purposes. This new
information, and the Internet-available nature of the gadgets, raises both protection and security concerns.

In any case, this innovation takes into account a level of constant data that we've never had. We can
screen our homes and families remotely to guard them. Organizations can enhance procedures to build
efficiency and decrease material waste and unexpected downtime. Sensors in city framework can help
diminish street blockage and caution us when foundation is in peril of disintegrating. Devices out in the
open can screen for changing ecological conditions and caution us of looming catastrophes.

These gadgets are flying up all around, and these capacities can be utilized to upgrade about any physical
protest.

Authors: - Ajay Dangayach; Neeraj Aswani; Sakshi Goyal, Surbhi Baj, Vinay Khandelwal
Jaipuria Institute of Management 9
Jaipur, Rajasthan

APPLICATIONS AND USES OF IOT


IoT has applications across all industries and markets. It spans user groups from those who want to reduce
energy use in their home to large organizations who want to streamline their operations. It proves not just
useful, but nearly critical in many industries as technology advances and we move towards the advanced
automation imagined in the distant future.

1. ENGINEERING, INDUSTRY, AND INFRASTRUCTURE


IOT applications for infrastructure industry includes marketing, improvement of production, delivery of
service, safety, etc. it gives various ways by which different processes can be monitored easily. IOT also
provides transparency which creates more clarity for improvement opportunities.

Events like customer needs, nonconforming product, malfunctions in equipment and problems in the
distribution network get more rapid action due to level of control afforded by IOT

Example
Joan runs an assembling office that makes shields for assembling gear. At the point when directions
change for the creation and capacity of the shields, the new suitable prerequisites are automatically
programmed in production robotics, and architects are informed about their endorsement of the
progressions.

2. GOVERNMENT AND SAFETY


With the help of IOT, government has got ways to improve law enforcement, defense, city planning
and economic management. To fill in the gaps and correct the flaws in the current system, technology
plays a big role. It also helps in expanding the reach of these efforts. For eg: IOT gives a clearer view
to city planners to know the impact of their design and also gives government a better idea of the
economy.

Example
Lily lives in a little city. She's found out about a current spike in wrongdoing in her neighborhood, and
stresses over returning home late during the evening. Neighborhood law requirement has been cautioned
about the new "hot" zone through framework signals, and they've expands their quality. Region observing
gadgets have distinguished suspicious conduct, and law authorization has researched these prompts
avoids violations.

Authors: - Ajay Dangayach; Neeraj Aswani; Sakshi Goyal, Surbhi Baj, Vinay Khandelwal
Jaipuria Institute of Management 10
Jaipur, Rajasthan

3. HOME AND OFFICE


IOT gives personalized experience everywhere, including home, office and organizations. This
experience improves overall satisfaction, health and safety and also enhances productivity. For eg- to
customize our work place, we can use IOT.

Example
James works in advertising. As soon as she enters her office, it recognizes his face. It also adjusts the
temperature and lighting of the room automatically according to his preference. It also switches all the
devices to power mode and opens the applications on which he was working previously.

4. HEALTH AND MEDICINE


IoT drives us towards our envisioned eventual fate of solution which abuses a very incorporated system
of complex therapeutic gadgets. Today, IoT can drastically upgrade restorative research, gadgets, care,
and crisis mind. The combination of all components gives more precision, more tender loving care,
quicker responses to occasions, and steady change while diminishing the ordinary overhead of restorative
research and associations.

5. DEVICES
Current gadgets are quickly enhancing in exactness, power, and accessibility; be that as it may, despite
everything they offer less of these qualities than an IoT framework coordinating the correct framework
viably. IoT opens the capability of existing innovation, and leads us toward new and better restorative
gadget arrangements.

IoT closes holes amongst gear and the way we convey social insurance by making a consistent framework
as opposed to a gathering of instruments. It at that point uncovers designs and missing components in
medicinal services, for example, evident important enhancements or immense imperfections.

Authors: - Ajay Dangayach; Neeraj Aswani; Sakshi Goyal, Surbhi Baj, Vinay Khandelwal
Jaipuria Institute of Management 11
Jaipur, Rajasthan

The ClearProbe portable connected ultrasound device can use any computer
anywhere as a supporting machine. The device sends all imaging records to the
master system.

6. MEDICAL INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION


One of the difficulties of restorative care is the appropriation of exact and current data to patients.
Medicinal services likewise battles with direction given the intricacy of following direction. IoT gadgets
enhance offices and expert practice, as well as wellbeing in the every day lives of people.
IoT gadgets give coordinate, all day, every day access to the patient in a less nosy manner than different
alternatives. They remove medicinal services from offices and into the home, office, or social space. They
enable people in taking care of their own wellbeing, and enable suppliers to convey better and more
granular care to patients. This outcomes in less mischances from miscommunication, enhanced patient
fulfillment, and better preventive care.

7. MEDIA, MARKETING AND ADVERTISING:


The utilizations of IoT in media and promoting include an altered involvement in which the framework
breaks down and reacts to the requirements and interests of every client. This incorporates their general
conduct designs, purchasing propensities, inclinations, culture, and different qualities.

8. MARKETING AND CONTENT DELIVERY


IoT functions in a similar and deeper way to current technology, analytics, and big data. Existing
technology collects specific data to produce related metrics and patterns over time, however, that data
often lacks depth and accuracy. IoT improves this by observing more behaviors and analyzing them
differently.
This leads to more information and detail, which delivers more reliable metrics and patterns.
It allows organizations to better analyze and respond to customer needs or preferences.
It improves business productivity and strategy, and improves the consumer experience by only delivering
relevant content and solutions.

Authors: - Ajay Dangayach; Neeraj Aswani; Sakshi Goyal, Surbhi Baj, Vinay Khandelwal
Jaipuria Institute of Management 12
Jaipur, Rajasthan

9. IMPROVED PROMOTING:
Current promoting experiences abundance and poor focusing on. Indeed, even with the present
examination, current promoting comes up short. IoT guarantees extraordinary and customized publicizing
as opposed to one-estimate fitsall techniques. It changes publicizing from commotion to a useful piece of
life since purchasers associate with promoting through IoT instead of just getting it. This makes
publicizing more utilitarian and valuable to individuals hunting the commercial center down arrangements
or thinking about whether those arrangements exist.

Authors: - Ajay Dangayach; Neeraj Aswani; Sakshi Goyal, Surbhi Baj, Vinay Khandelwal
Jaipuria Institute of Management 13
Jaipur, Rajasthan

TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS
At each layer of transportation, IoT gives enhanced correspondence, control, and information
dispersion. These applications incorporate individual vehicles, business vehicles, trains, UAVs,
and other hardware. It stretches out all through the whole arrangement of all transportation
components, for example, movement control, stopping, fuel utilization, and that's just the
beginning.

1. RAILS AND MASS TRANSIT


Current frameworks convey modern incorporation and execution, in any case, they utilize more
seasoned innovation and ways to deal with MRT. The upgrades brought by IoT convey more
entire control and checking. This outcomes in better administration of general execution, support
issues, upkeep, and upgrades.

Mass travel choices past standard MRT experience the ill effects of an absence of the
incorporation important to change them from an alternative to a die hard commitment. IoT gives
a modest and propelled approach to enhance execution and bring characteristics of MRT to other
transportation alternatives like transports. This moves forward

2. STREET
The essential worries of movement are overseeing blockage, lessening mishaps, and stopping.
IoT enables us to better watch and investigate the stream of activity through gadgets at all
movement perception focuses. It helps in stopping by influencing stockpiling to stream
straightforward when current strategies offer close to nothing if any information

Mishaps regularly result from various components, notwithstanding, activity administration


impacts their recurrence. Development destinations, poor rerouting, and an absence of data about
movement status are on the whole issues that prompt episodes. IoT gives arrangements as better
data imparting to the general population, and between different gatherings specifically
influencing street movement.

3. VEHICLE
Numerous in the car business imagine a future for autos in which IoT innovation influences
autos "to brilliant," appealing alternatives equivalent to MRT. IoT offers couple of critical
upgrades to individual vehicles. Most advantages originate from better control over related

Authors: - Ajay Dangayach; Neeraj Aswani; Sakshi Goyal, Surbhi Baj, Vinay Khandelwal
Jaipuria Institute of Management 14
Jaipur, Rajasthan

framework and the characteristic imperfections in car transport; be that as it may, IoT improves
individual vehicles as individual spaces. IoT conveys an indistinguishable changes and
customization to a vehicle from those in the home.

4. COMMERCIAL TRANSPORTATION
Transportation benefits stretch out to business and assembling by improving the vehicle arm of
associations. It decreases and wipes out issues identified with administration through better
investigation and control, for example, observing sitting, fuel utilization, travel conditions, and
travel time between focuses. This outcomes in item transportation working more like an adjusted
administration and less like an accumulation of contracted administrations.

This smart road sign receives data and modifications to better inform drivers and
prevent congestion or accidents.

Authors: - Ajay Dangayach; Neeraj Aswani; Sakshi Goyal, Surbhi Baj, Vinay Khandelwal
Jaipuria Institute of Management 15
Jaipur, Rajasthan

EDUCATION APPLICATIONS
IoT in the classroom joins the advantages of IoT in content conveyance, business, and social insurance. It
tweaks and upgrades training by permitting improvement of all substance and types of conveyance. It
empowers instructors to offer concentration to people and their technique. It additionally diminishes
expenses and work of training through robotization of basic errands outside of the real instruction process.

INSTRUCTION ORGANIZATIONS
Instruction associations normally experience the ill effects of restricted financing, work issues, and poor
regard for real training. They, not at all like different associations, ordinarily need or maintain a strategic
distance from examination because of their subsidizing issues and the conviction that investigation don't
make a difference to their industry.

IoT gives important understanding, as well as democratizes that data through lowcost, low-control little
gadgets, which still offer elite. This innovation helps in overseeing costs, enhancing the nature of
instruction, proficient advancement, and office administration change through rich examinations of key
territories:

Student response, performance, and behavior


Instructor response, performance, and behavior
Facility monitoring and maintenance
Data from other facilities
Information advises them about incapable systems and activities, regardless of whether
instructive endeavors or office qualities. Expelling these barricades makes them more compelling.

EDUCATORS
Data gave by IoT engages instructors to convey enhanced training. They have a window into the
accomplishment of their procedures, their understudies' viewpoint, and different parts of their execution.
IoT assuages them of regulatory and administration obligations, so they can concentrate on their main
goal. It computerizes manual and administrative work, and encourages directing through highlights like
framework banners or controls to guarantee understudies stay locked in.

IoT provides instructors with easy access to powerful educational tools. Educators can use IoT to
perform as a one-on-one instructor providing specific instructional designs for each pupil; for example,
using data to determine the most effective supplements for each student, and autogenerating content from
lesson materials on-demand for any student.

The application of technology improves the professional development of educators because they truly see
what works, and learn to devise better strategies, rather than simply repeating old or ineffective methods.

Authors: - Ajay Dangayach; Neeraj Aswani; Sakshi Goyal, Surbhi Baj, Vinay Khandelwal
Jaipuria Institute of Management 16
Jaipur, Rajasthan

IoT also enhances the knowledge base used to devise education standards and practices. Education
research suffers from accuracy issues and a general lack of data. IoT introduces large high quality, real-
world datasets into the foundation of educational design. This comes from IoT's unique ability to collect
enormous amounts of varied data anywhere.

PERSONALIZED EDUCATION
IoT facilitates the customization of education to give every student access to what they need. Each student
can control their experience and participate in instructional design, and much of this happens passively.
The student simply utilizes the system, and performance data primarily shapes their design. This
combined with organizational and educator optimization delivers highly effective education while
reducing costs.

A school in Richmond, California, embeds RFID chips in ID cards to track the presence of
students. Even if students are not present for check-in, the system will track and log their presence
on campus.

Authors: - Ajay Dangayach; Neeraj Aswani; Sakshi Goyal, Surbhi Baj, Vinay Khandelwal
Jaipuria Institute of Management 17
Jaipur, Rajasthan

CONSUMER APPLICATIONS
Consumers benefit both personally as well as professionally from the optimization and analysis of IoT. It
works as a team of personal assistants, advisors, and security for the users. It enhances our life, work, and
play.

IoT can take place of a full staff:

Butlers IoT waits for you to return home, and makes sure that your home remains fully
prepared. It monitors your supplies, family, and the complete state of your home. It takes various
actions to resolve any further issues that appear.

Nannies IoT somewhat acts as a guardian by controlling access, providing supplies, and
alerting proper individuals in case of emergency.

Gardeners The same IoT system takes care of farm. Also works for home landscaping.
Repairmen Smart systems also perform the key maintenance and repair functions, and request
them if the need be.

Security Guards IoT watches 24/7. It observes suspicious individuals from miles away, and
recognizes every minor equipment problems to avoid disasters well before they do.

This smart, stove from Whirlpool allows two different heat settings on the same surface, remotely
monitoring controlling.

WORK
Smart offices and other workspace combines customizations in the work environment with smarter tools.
IoT learns about us, our job, and the way we work to deliver optimized environments which results in
practical accommodation like adjustment of room temperature, also more advanced benefits including
modification of our schedule and the tools we use to increase our output and reduce our work time. IoT
acts like a manager and consultant which is capable of seeing what we cannot.

PLAY
IoT learns about us personally as well as professionally. It enables the technology to support leisure time
and activities:

Authors: - Ajay Dangayach; Neeraj Aswani; Sakshi Goyal, Surbhi Baj, Vinay Khandelwal
Jaipuria Institute of Management 18
Jaipur, Rajasthan

Culture and Night Life IoT analyzes our real-world activities and responses to guide us in
finding more things and places we enjoy such as recommending restaurants and events based on
our preferences and experiences.

Vacations Planning & saving for holiday vacations proves difficult for many, and some utilize
agencies, which are to be replaced by IoT.

Products and Services IoT gives better analysis of products we like and need than our current
analytics based on its access. It combines with key information like our finances to suggest great
solutions.

SECURITY
Every Internet connected device gives opportunities to attackers. These type of vulnerabilities are
broader, even for small devices. The risks include data transfers, device access, malfunctioning of
devices, and always-on/always-connected devices with real-time connectivity.

The main challenges of security of IoT remain these security limitations which are associated to
producing low cost devices, and the growing number of devices creates more opportunities for attacks by
hackers.

SECURITY SPECTRUM:
The definition of secured devices revolves from the simple measures to very sophisticated designs.
Security of IoT should be known about as spectrum of vulnerability which keeps changung over time as
threats pose to evolve.

Security should be assessed based on users requirements and implementation. Users should also
recognize the impact of the security measures because of poorly designed security systems which create
more problems than it actually solves.

Example:

Authors: - Ajay Dangayach; Neeraj Aswani; Sakshi Goyal, Surbhi Baj, Vinay Khandelwal
Jaipuria Institute of Management 19
Jaipur, Rajasthan

A British report revealed some hackers who compromised the security systems of a steel mill south of
Frankfurt. They disrupted their control systems, which also prevented the blast furnace from getting
shut down , resulting in damage of whole mill. Therefore, users should understand the impact of the
attacks before deciding upon appropriate protection methods.

CHALLENGES
Beyond costs and the problems of devices, other security issue plagues IoT:

Unpredictable Behavior The heavy volume of deployed software and devices including
their long list of super-enabling technologies mean their own behavior in field that can be not
predictable. A specific system can be well designed within administration control, but there is
no guarantee about how it is going to interact with other things or persons.

Device Similarity IoT devices are similar. They utilize the exact same connection software
and hardware. If any system or device suffers from vulnerability, many more will have the
exact same issue.

Problematic Deployments One of the prime goals of IoT remain to be placed in advanced
networks and data analytics where they earlier could not go. Unfortunately, this created the
problems of physically security the device in these new strange or easily accessible places.

Longer Device Lives and Expired Support system First of the benefits of IoT device is
longevity, howsoever, this long life also means that they can outlive their own device supports.
Comparing this to traditional systems which lacked support and updates long after many would
have stopped using them. Main Orphaned devices and abandon wares lack the same securities
hardening of the other systems due to the evolution of technology over time.

No Upgrade Support Many of the IoT devices like many mobiles and smart devices, are not
framed to allow upgrades to system or any other modifications. Others offer inconvenient
upgrades, which many others ignore, or fails to notice.

Poor or very less Transparency Many of the IoT devices fail to cater transparency in their
functionality. Users could not observe or access their procedures, and are left to assumption on
how devices actually behave. They dont have any control over unwanted or unnecessary
functions for data collection; furthermore, when the manufacturer updates any device, it can
bring many more of unwanted functions.

No Alerts Another important goal of IoT remains of providing the incredible functionality
without any obtrusion. This also discuses the problems in user awareness. Users normally do
not monitor any devices or tell when anything goes wrong. Security breach at organizations can
persist over ever long periods without detection.

IDENTITY PROTECTION
IoT devices collect data about their environment, which includes people. These benefits introduce heavy
risk. The data itself does not present the danger, however, its depth does. The highly detailed data

Authors: - Ajay Dangayach; Neeraj Aswani; Sakshi Goyal, Surbhi Baj, Vinay Khandelwal
Jaipuria Institute of Management 20
Jaipur, Rajasthan

collection paints a very clear picture of an individual, giving criminals all the information they need to
take advantage of someone.

People may not be aware of level of piracy; for eg, entertainment devices gather A/V data, or watching
a consumer, and share the intimate information. The demand and price for these types of data exacerbates
the very issues considering the numbers and diversity of market parties keen to know sensitive data.

Problems of the IoT technology can also lead to multiple of the privacy issues, which stem from user's
very inability to establish and control the privacy:

CONSENT
The old model for notice then consent within the connected things generally enforce the existing
privacy protection software. It also allows users to interact with different privacy mechanisms, and set
options typically through accepting the agreement or limiting various actions. Many IoT things have
almost no such accommodation schemes. Users cannot control, but they can also not afford any
transparency regarding device and activities.

THE RIGHT OF BEING LEFT ALONE


Users have expectations for privacy in various situations. This also comes from the common accepted
ideas of public as well as private spaces; for eg, individuals that are not surprised by any surveillance
cameras in various commercial spaces, however, they didnt expected them in the personal vehicle.
Internet of things devices challenge these above norms people that recognize as the right of being left
alone.

INDISTINGUISHABLE DATA
IoT also deploys in the wide variety of ways. Much of which IoT implementation remains in group is
targeted instead of personal. Even if the users give IoT devices consent about each action, not each
system can normally process each and every set of rules; for example, small device in complex
assembly cannot honor so much requests of lacs of users they encounter each mere second.

COMFORT
The growth of IoT justifies it. Users become more comfortable with all they perceive safe and sound
technology. IoT lacks the transparency which warns users in the traditionally connected systems;
consequently, many of them act without any of the consideration for potential consequences.

Authors: - Ajay Dangayach; Neeraj Aswani; Sakshi Goyal, Surbhi Baj, Vinay Khandelwal

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