UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE

CAJAMARCA SEDE JAN

Escuela Acadmica-Profesional de ing. Civil

CICLO: IV

ASIGNATURA: Mtodos Numricos

TEMA: Practica de mtodos numricos

DOCENTE: LIC. Eladio Snchez Culqui

INTEGRANTES:

Fernndez Snchez Geylli

Guerrero Julca, Gely Yuliana
Paz Bentez Abigail
Torres Silva, Lesly Natali
Vergara Anticona Cristhiam
 PRCTICA DE MTODOS NUMRICOS

EJERCICIO 01

Determine la races de () = . + . + . .

a.- Grficamente:

b.- Use el mtodo de la biseccin para localizar la raz ms grande con =10%;
utilice como valores iniciales xi-1=0.5, xi=1.

C.-Realice el mismo clculo que en (a), pero con el mtodo de la falsa

posicin y =0.1%.

SOLUCIN:

a.- Graficar:
B.- MTODO DE LA BISECCIN

Iteracin 01:

a=0.5 ; b=1

0.5 + 1
1 = = 0.75
2

1)(0.75) = 2.6847

2) (0.5) = 1.7172

3) (0.75) (0.5) = 2.6847 1.7172 = 4.6102

1 =

= 0.75

Iteracin 02:

a=0.5 ; b=0.75

0.5 + 0.75
2 = = 0.625
2

1)(0.625) = 0.8352

2) (0.5) = 1.7172

3) (0.625) (0.5) = 0.8352 1.7172 = 1.4342

2 =

= 0.625
 Iteracin 03:

a=0.5 ; b=0.625

0.5 + 0.625
3 = = 0.5625
2

1)(0.5625) = 0.3342

2) (0.5) = 1.7172

3) (0.5625) (0.5) = 0.3342 1.7172 = 0.5739

2 =

= 5625

Iteracin 04:

a=0.5625 ; b=0.625

0.5625 + 0.625
4 = = 0.59375
2

1)(0.59375) = 0.2747

2) (0.5625) = 0.3342

3) (0.59375) (0.5625) = 0.2747 0.3342 = 0.0918

2 =

= 0.59375

Entonces:

..
=| |
.

=5.26%
Conclusin: La raz ms grande con un error del 10% es 0.59375.

C.- MTODO DE LA FALSA POSICIN

=0.1%.

()( )
=
() ()

SOLUCIN

Iteracin 01:

a = 0.5 ; b =1

f(a)=-1.7172 ; f(b)= 5.35

(1.7172)(0.5)
1 = 0.5 = 0.6215
5.35 (1.7172)

1)(1) = 0.7745

2) () = 1.7172

3) (1) () = 0.7745 1.7172 = 1.32996<0

1 =

= 0.6215

Iteracin 02:

a = 0.5 ; b = 0.6215

f(a)=-1.7172 ; f(b)= 0.7745

 (1.7172)(0.1215)
2 = 0.5 = 0.5837
0.7745 (1.7172)

1)(2) = 0.0849

2) () = 1.7172

3) (1) () = 0.0849 1.7172 = 0.1458<0

2 =

= 0.5837

Iteracin 03:

a = 0.5 ; b = 0.5837

f(a)=-1.7172 ; f(b)= 0.0849

(1.7172)(0.0837)
3 = 0.5 = 0.5798
0.0849 (1.7172)

1)(3) =0.0088

2) () = 1.7172

3) (3) () = 0.0088 1.7172 = 0.0151<0

2 =

= 0.5798

Entonces:

0.57980.5837
=| | 100
0.5798

=0.6726%

Conclusin: La raz es 0.5798

EJERCICIO 02

Calcule la raz real positiva de () = 4 8 3 36 2 + 462 10, utilizando el

mtodo de la falsa posicin con una precisin =1.0%.

()( )
=
() ()

SOLUCIN:

Iteracin 01:

a = -7 ; b =1

f(a)= 137 ; f(b)= 409

 (137)(8)
1 = 7 = 11.02941
409 137

1)(1) = 16046.9442

2) () = 137

3) (1) () = 16046.9442 137 = 2198431.36>0

1 =

= 11.02941

Iteracin 02:

a = 11.02941 ; b =1

f(a)= 16046.9442 ; f(b)= 409

(16046.9442)(12.02941)
2 = 11.02941 = 1.31462
409 16046.9442

1)(2) = 519.94981

2) () = 16046.9442

3) (2) () = 16046.9442 519.94981 = 8343605.63>0

2 =

= 1.31462

Iteracin 03:

a = 1.31462 ; b =1

f(a)=519.94981 ; f(b)= 409

 (519.94981)(0.31462)
3 = 1.31462 = 0.15980
409 519.94981

1)(3) =-84.71571

2) () = 519.94981

3) (3) () = 84.71571 519.94981 = 44047.9185<0

3 =

= 0.15980

Iteracin 04:

a = 1.31462 ; b = -0.159804

f(a)= 519.94981 ; f(b)= -84.715712

(519.94981)(1.474424)
4 = 1.31462 = 0.046767
84.715712 519.94981

1)(4) = 11.527091

2) () = 519.94981

3) (4) () = 519.94981 11.527091 = 5993.5088>0

4 =

= 0.046767

Iteracin 05:
 a = 0.046767 ; b = -0.159804

f(a)= 11.527091 ; f(b)= -84.71571

(11.527091)(0.206571)
5 = 0.046767 = 0.02202629
84.715712 11.527091

1)(5) = 0.15859694

2) () = 11.527091

3) (5) () = 0.15859694 11.527091 = 1.8281613>0

5 =

= 0.02202629

Iteracin 06:

a = 0.02202629 ; b = -0.15980

f(a)=0.15859694 ; f(b)= -84.715712

(0.15859694)(0.18182629)
6 = 0.02202629 = 0.02168652
0.15859694 84.715712

1)(6) =0.00216145

2) () = 0.15859694

3) (6) () = 0.15859694 0.00216145 = 0.0003428 > 0

6 =

= 0.02168652
 Iteracin 07:

a = 0.02168652 ; b = -0.15980

f(a)=0.00216145 ; f(b)= -84.715712

(0.00216145)(0.18148652)
7 = 0.02168652 = 0.02168189
0.00216145 84.715712

1)(7) =0.000029

2) () = 0.00216145

3) (6) () = 0.000029 0.00216145 = 0.00000006 > 0

7 =

= 0.02168189

Entonces:

0.021681890.02168652
=| | 100
0.02168189

=0.0214%
EJERCICIO 03

Con el mtodo del punto fijo localiza la raz de la () = sin 1 un valor inicial
= 0.5 1 = 1 y haga iteraciones hasta que = 0.01%.

SOLUCIN

Grfica:

MTODO DE LA SECANTE

()( 1)
+ 1 = = 0.5 1 = 1
() ( 1)

Iteracin 1:
(1)(10.5)
2 = 1 (1)(0.5) (1) = sin 1 1 (1) = 0.15853

(0.5) = sin 0.5 1 (0.5) = 0.35036

 0.15853 0.5
2 = 1 = .
0.15853 (0.35036)

Iteracin 2:
(1.41320)(1.413201)
3 = 1.41320 (1.41320) = 0.07208 (1) = 0.15853
(1.41320)(1)

=1.75772

1.75772 1.41320
=| | 100 = 19.6004%
1.75772
Iteracin 3:
(1.75772)(1.757721.41320)
4 = 1.75772 (1.75772) = -0.02986
(1.75772)(1.41320)

(1.41320) = 0.07208

=2.00138

2.00138 1.75772
=| | 100 = 12.17460%
2.00138
.

Iteracin 29:

= . =0.000077%
EJERCICIO 04

Determine la menor raz real de la () = 2.5 3 + 17 2 22 11

a) Graficar
b) Usar el mtodo de la secante para un valor de con tres cifras significativas.

Grfica:

MTODO DE LA SECANTE

()( 1)
+ 1 = = 1 1 = 2
() ( 1)

() = 2.5 3 + 17 2 22 11
Iteracin 1
(2)(21)
2 = 2 (2)(1) (2) = 2.5 23 + 17 22 22 2 11 (2) = 7

(1) = 2.5 13 + 17 12 22 1 11 (1) = 18.5

71
2 = 2 7(18.5) 2 = 2.6087

Iteracin 2
2.9164 0.6087
3 = 2.6087 (2.6087 ) = 2.9164 (2) = 7
2.9164(7)

3 = 2.4297

2.4297 2.6087
=| | 100 = 7.3672%
2.4297
Iteracin 3

0.0461 0.179
4 = 2.4297 (2.4297 ) = 0.0461 (2.6087) = 2.9164
0.0461 2.9164

4 = 2.4268

2.4268 2.4297
=| | 100 = 0.1195%
2.4268
Iteracin 4
0.0012 0.0029
5 = 2.4268 (2.4268) = 0.0012 (2.4297) = 0.0461
0.00120.0461

5 = 2.4269

2.4269 2.4268
=| | 100 = 0.0041%
2.4269
Iteracin 5

0.0004 0.0001
6 = 2.4269 (2.4269) = 0.0004 (2.4268) = 0.0012
0.0004 (0.0012)

6 = 2.4269

2.4269 2.4269
=| | 100 = 0.0000%
2.4269

Respuesta:

Menor raz real ser 4 = 2.4269

EJERCICIO 05

Determine la races de () = () + cos(1 + 2 ) 1

Para 0 = 1 1 = 3

a.- Grficamente:
 MTODO DE LA SECANTE

Iteracin 1

i=1 0 = 1 ; 1 = 3

(0 ) = 1.69795

(1 ) = 0.57468

(1 ) (1 0 )
2 = 1
(1 ) (0 )

2 = 0.02323

Iteracin 2

i=2 1 = 3 ; 2 = 0.02323

(1 ) = 1.69795

(2 ) = 0.48338

(2 ) (2 1 )
3 = 2
(2 ) (1)

3 = 1.22643

Iteracin 3

i=3 2 = 0.02323 ; 3 = 1.22643

(2 ) = 0.48338

(3 ) = 2.74490

(3 ) (3 2 )
4 = 3
(3 ) (2 )

3 = 0.23394 Primera raz

positiva

Para 0 = 1.5 1 = 2.
Iteracin 4

i=1 0 = 1.5 ; 1 = 2.5

(0 ) = 0.996634

(1 ) = 0.166396

(1 )(1 0 )
2 = 1 (1 )(0 )

2 = 2.35693 Primera raz

positiva

EJERCICIO 06

Determine la mayor raz real de: () = 3 6 2 + 11 6.1

a.- Grfica:
 b.- Mtodo de Newton Raphson:

De la grfica, tenemos:

0 = 4 , 1 = 3.5 = [3; 4]

() = 3 6 2 + 11 6.1

() = 3 2 12 + 11

Iteracin I

i = 1 0 = 3.5
(0 ) = 1.775
(0 ) = 5.75

(0 )
1 = 0
(0 )

1 = 3.191304
Iteracin II

i = 2 1 = 3.191304
(1 ) = 0.39940199
(1 ) = 3.25761815

(1 )
2 = 1
(1 )

2 = 3.068699

Iteracin III

i = 3 2 = 3.068699
(2 ) = 0.05188045
(2 ) = 2.29061704

(2 )
3 = 2
(2 )

3 = 3.047317

Iteracin IV

i = 3 3 = 3.047317
(3 ) = 0.000001269
(3 ) = 2.28662389
( )
4 = 3 (3 )
3

4 = 3.046681 Mayor raz real

c.- Mtodo de la Secante:

De la grfica, tenemos:

0 = 4 1 = 3.5

Iteracin I

i=1 0 = 4 ; 1 = 3.5

(0 ) = 5.9

(1 ) = 1.775

(1 ) (1 0 )
2 = 1
(1 ) (0 )

2 = 3.2848485

Iteracin II

i=2 1 = 3.5 ; 2 = 3.2848485

(1 ) = 1.775
(2 ) = 0.7362252

(2 ) (2 1 )
3 = 2
(2 ) (1)

3 = 3.1323612

Iteracin III

i=3 2 = 3.2848485 ; 3 = 3.1323612

(2 ) = 0.7362252

(3 ) = 0.2195997

(3 ) (3 2 )
4 = 3
(3 ) (2 )

4 = 3.0675441

Iteracin IV

i=4 3 = 3.1323612 ; 4 = 3.0675441

(3 ) = 0.2195997

(4 ) = 0.0490829

(4 ) (4 3 )
5 = 4
(4 ) (3 )

5 = 3.0488866

Iteracin V

i=5 4 = 3.0675441 ; 5 = 3.0488866

(4 ) = 0.0490829

(5 ) = 0.0050597
 (5 ) (5 4 )
6 = 5
(5 ) (4 )

6 = 3.0467422

Iteracin VI

i=6 5 = 3/.0488866; 6 = 3.0467422

(5 ) = 0.0050597

(6 ) = 0.0001411

(6 ) (6 5 )
7 = 6
(6 ) (5 )

7 = 3.0466807 Mayor raz real

EJERCICIO 07

Un ingeniero desea calcular el ngulo de carga de un generador (es decir el

ngulo formado entre la tensin en bornes V y la fuerza electromotriz E), de una
Central Hidroelctrica, llegando al final a la siguiente ecuacin no lineal:

2
C1 sen( ) C2 sen(2 ) ; C1 1.34 , C2 0.11
3

a). Localice todas las races comprendidas en intervalo , con intervalos de

longitud / 6.

b). Realice 02 iteraciones de Biseccin a partir de (a) para la raz ms positiva

cercana a 0.

c). A partir de la respuesta obtenida en (b) realice iteraciones de Newton Raphson

hasta tener una precisin de 106
 SOLUCIN

a). localizando las races

2
f ( ) 1.34 sen( ) 0.11sen(2 )
3

Las races son: , 5 / 6 ; / 3, / 6 ; / 6, / 3 ; 5 / 6,

b). tomaremos la raz en / 6, / 3 para encontrar la raz ms positiva

cercana a cero, utilizando el mtodo de la biseccin.

Tenemos que:

a 0.5236 b 1.0472
6 3

i).Primera iteracin

a b 0.5236 1.0472
Xr 0.7854
2 2

f (a) f (0.5236) 0.2206

 f (c) f (0.7854) 0.1875

f (a) * f (c) 0.0414

ii).segunda iteracin

a 0.5236 b 0.7854

0.5236 0.7854
Xr 0.6545
2

c). Mtodo de Newton Raphson

2
f ( ) 1.34 sen( ) 0.11sen(2 )
3

f '( ) 1.34 cos( ) 1.34sen( ) 0.22 cos(2 )

f ( )
xn1 xn
f '( )

i) Iterando

n0
x0 0.6545
f ( x0 ) f (0.654500000000000)
x1 x0 0.654500000000000 0.671402808021056
f '( x0 ) f '(0.654500000000000)
f ( x1 ) f (0.6714028080)
x2 x1 0.6714028080 0.671299497723342
f '( x1 ) f '(0.6714028080)
f ( x2 ) f (0.671299497723342)
x3 x2 0.671299497723342 0.671299493991799
f '( x2 ) f '(0.671299497723342)
E 106
x3 x2 0.671299493991799 0.671299497723342
E 5.558685853 109
x3 0.671299493991799
EJERCICIO 08

Un cable telefnico suspendido entre dos postes tiene un peso de kilogramos-

fuerza/m. la tension en medio del cable es obtenida por la solucion de la siguiente
ecuacion:

( )=

DONDE:

es la longitud del cable = 32

es la distancia ente los dos postes = 30

= 0.10/

a) Utilice el metodo de la biseccion para hallar la tension T a partir de las

siguientes condiciones:

= 2 1 = 3

SOLUCION

Resolviendo por biseccion =

1.5
() = 20 sinh ( ) 32

Donde:

() ()
sinh(()) =
2

1.5 1.5


() = 20 ( ) 32
2

1.5 1.5
() = 10 ( ) 32

+
Si = 2 , =3 = 1 2 = 0.01 =
Iteracion 1

=2 , =3

2+3
c1 = c1 = 2.5
2
1.5 1.5
f(2) = 10 2 (e 2 e 2 ) 32 () = .

1.5 1.5
f(2.5) = 10 2.5 (e2.5 e2.5 ) 32 (. ) = .

f(2) f(2.5) < 0 . . < 0 . < 0

iteracion 2

=2 , = 2.5

2 + 2.5
c2 = c2 = 2.25
2
1.5 1.5
f(2) = 10 2 (e 2 e 2 ) 32 () = .

1.5 1.5
f(2.25) = 10 2.25 (e2.25 e2.25 ) 32 (. ) = .

f(2) f(2.25) > 0.8927 0.2721 > 0 . >

2.25 2.5
=| | 100 = 11.1111%
2.25
iteracion 3

= 2.25 , = 2.5
2.25 + 2.5
c2 = c2 = 2.375
2
1.5 1.5
f(2.25) = 10 2.25 (e2.25 e2.25 ) 32 (. ) = .

1.5 1.5
f(2.375) = 10 2.375 (e2.375 e2.375) 32 (. ) = .

f(2.25) f(2.375) > 0.2721 0.0346 > 0 . >

 2.375 2.25
=| | 100 = 5.2632%
2.375

iteracion 4

= 2.375 , = 2.5
2.375 + 2.5
c4 = c4 = 2.4375
2
1.5 1.5
f(2.375) = 10 2.375 (e2.375 e2.375) 32 (. ) = .

1.5 1.5
f(2.4375) = 10 2.4375 (e2.4375 e2.4375 ) 32 (. ) = .

f(2.375) f(2.4375) < 0.0346 0.0703 < 0 . <

2.4375 2.375
=| | 100 = 2.5641%
2.4375

iteracion 5

= 2.375 , = 2.4375
2.375 + 2.4375
c5 = c5 = 2.40625
2
1.5 1.5
f(2.375) = 10 2.375 (e2.375 e2.375) 32 (. ) = .

1.5 1.5
f(2.40625) = 10 2.40625 (e2.40625 e2.40625 ) 32 (. ) = .

f(2.375) f(2.40625) < 0.0346 0.0198 < 0 . <

2.40625 2.4375
=| | 100 = 1.2987%
2.40625

.
iteracion 13

c13 = 2.3951

2.3951 2.3953
=| | 100 = 0.0051%
2.3951

EJERCICIO 09

El desplazamiento x(metros)de una masa que experimenta una oscilacin

amortiguada vara con el tiempo t (segundos) segn el modelo :

= . [() () ()]

Donde tienen unidades de 1.al realizar mediciones se obtiene un

desplazamiento x de 0.0162 metros en un instante t de 0.41segundos, =
7.5 1 .

Determine el parametro

a)localice la raiz o raices

b)realice 03 iteraciones del metodo de bisecion y muestre el error.

c)a partir de la aproximacion obtenida en b realice tres iteraciones de

newton_raphsom y muestre el error
 SOLUCIN

a)Localice la raiz o raices

f() = 0.0162 + . . [(7.5 0.41) ( ) (7.5 0.41)]
.

f() f()

-8 0.0127 -1 -0.0494
-7 0.0109 0 -0.0836
-6 0.0081 1 -0.1355
-5 0.0039 2 -0.2144
-4 -0.0025 3 -0.3343
-3 -0.0122 4 -0.5165
-2 -0.0270 5 -0.7933

Se observa que la unica raiz debe estar en [-5,-4]

b) METODO DE BISECION

f() = 0.0162 + . . [(7.5 0.41) ( ) (7.5 0.41)]
.

iteracion 1

= 5 = 4
5 4
c1 = c1 = 4.5
2
5
f(5) = 0.0162 + . . [(3.075) ( ) (3.075)] f(5) = 0.0039
.
4.5
f(4.5) = 0.0162 + . .. [(3.075) ( ) (3.075)] f(4.5) = 0.0011
.

f(5) f(4.5) > 0 . . > 0 . > 0

iteracion 2

= 4.5 = 4
4.5 4
c2 = c2 = 4.25
2
4.5
f(4.5) = 0.0162 + . .. [(3.075) ( ) (3.075)]
.

(. ) = .

4.25
f(4.25) = 0.0162 + . .. [(3.075) ( ) (3.075)]
.

(. ) = .

f(4.5) f(4.25) < 0 . . < 0 . < 0

4.25 (4.5)
=| | 100 = 5.8824%
4.25
iteracion 3

= 4.5 = 4.25
4.5 4.25
c3 = c3 = 4.375
2
4.5
f(4.5) = 0.0162 + . .. [(3.075) ( ) (3.075)]
.

f(. ) = .

4.375
f(4.375) = 0.0162 + . .. [(3.075) ( ) (3.075)]
.

() = .

f(4.5) f(4.375) > 0 . . > 0 . > 0

4.375 (4.25)
=| | 100 = 2.8571%
4.375

Raz aproximada es . y el error es = .

c) NEWTON DE RAPHSOM

f() = 0.0162 + . . [(3.075) ( ) (3.075)]
.

Derivada

f() = . . . [(3.075) ( ) (3.075)] + . . ((3.075) )
. .

f() = . . [(3.075) (.) (3.075)] + . . ((3.075) .)

( )
+ =
( )

iteracion 1

= .

.
= .
.

= .

iteracion 2

= .

. (. )
=| | 100 = 0.00622%
.

iteracion 3

= .

. (. )
=| | 100 = 0%
.