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Clusters of Differentiation

Molecule Cell Sources Principal Actions Notes

CD1 APCs (Dendritic cells, 1. Nonclassical MHC involved in presentation of lipid


macrophages) antigens to T cells
2. Associated with β2-macroglobulin
CD2 T cells Adhesion molecule
CD3 T cells 1. Part of the T-cell receptor complex CD3γ, δ, ε, and the ζ chain
2. Participates in transport of the newly synthesized
TCR to the cell surface
3. Participates in signal transduction to the cell's
interior after the TCR has bound antigen
CD4 Helper T cells Helper T-cell co-receptor
CD5 1. B-1 cells 1. Marker on B-1 cells
2. T cells 2. Also expressed by T cells
CD8 Cytotoxic T cells Cytotoxic T-cell co-receptor
CD11+CD18 1. Naïve T cells Binds to ICAM-1 on T cells, resulting in strong adhesion LFA-1 (β2 integrin)
2. Effector T cells
CD14 1. Macrophages Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding protein that acts as a
2. Monocytes co-receptor to TLR 4
CD15 Neutrophils Mediates phagocytosis and chemotaxis Sialyl-Lewisx
CD16 NK cells Recognition site for activation of NK cells by Fc regions FcγRIII
of IgG
CD19+CD21 Tissue cells CD19 & 21 (CCL19 & CCL21) lead naïve T-cells into Both bind to CCR7 on cells of
secondary lymph the immune system

CD20 B cells Cell surface protein that is the target of monoclonal


antibodies in the treatment of all B cell lymphomas
and leukemias
CD25 T cells α subunit of IL-2 receptor
CD28 Th1 cells 1. Binds to B7 on APC to co-stimulate T-cell response
to antigen binding
2. Without CD28/B7, T-cells become anergic on
binding antigen
CD29+CD49 Effector T cells Binds to VCAM-1 on endothelium, resulting in strong VLA-4
adhesion
CD31 1. Endothelial cells Facilitates diapedesis (the migration of inflammatory PECAM-1
2. Naïve T cells cells out of the venules and into the interstitial space)
3. Effector cells
CD34 Hematopoietic stem cells Marker on hematopoietic stem cell

CD40 1. Macrophages 1. For macrophages to become activated, they first


2. B cells require a signal from INFγ, and then binding of CD40
to the CD40 ligand on the Th1 cell
2. Resting B-cells are activated when bound to CD40L
on T cells
CD44 Hematopoeitic stem cells Highly potent L- & E-selectin ligand Directs migration of
hematopoietic stem cells to
bone marrow
CD45 1. Naïve T cells Regulator of T- and B-cell antigen receptor signaling CD45RA is found on naïve T
2. Memory T cells (suppressed JAK kinases & thus interferes with cells and CD45RO is found
intracellular signaling) on memory T cells
Clusters of Differentiation
Molecule Cell Sources Principal Actions Notes

CD54 Endothelial cells ICAM-1 is a ligand for LFA-1, involved in strong ICAM-1
adhesion
CD56 NK cells 1. Adhesion molecule expressed by NK cells
2. CD56high NK cells are poorly cytotoxic but strong
secretors of cytokines
3. CD56low are the opposite
CD59 All "self" cells Inhibits the complement membrane attack complex by Protectin
binding C5b678 and preventing C9 from binding and
polymerizing
CD62E Endothelial cells Loosly bind to leukocytes (Sialyl-Lewis x) in venules, E-Selectin
resulting in a rolling adhesion
CD62L Naïve T cells Loosly bind to GlyCAM-1 in venules of lymphoid L-Selectin
tissues, resulting in a rolling adhesion
CD62P 1. Endothelial cells 1. Stored in granules Weibel-Palade bodies P-Selectin
2. Platelets 2. Loosly bind to leukocytes (Sialyl-Lewisx) in venules,
resulting in a rolling adhesion
CD69 T cells Earliest inducible cell surface glycoprotein acquired
during T cell activation
CD80+CD86 APC (Dendritic cells, 1. Binds to CD28 on T-cell to co-stimulate T-cell B7.1 & B7.2
macrophages) response to antigen binding
2. Without CD28/B7, T-cells become anergic on
binding to antigen
CD95 Endothelial cells VCAM-1 is a ligand for VLA-4, involved in strong Fas
adhesion
CD106 Endothelial cells VCAM-1 is a ligand for VLA-4, involved in strong VCAM-1
adhesion
CD127 IL-7 receptor α chain

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