4500

900 C
348
4250 800 C

ar
ar

bar

b
4000

1b

10
700 C

100

bar
3750 600 C

500

ar
r

0b
ba
500 C

100
3500
0 .1
400 C
3250
1

1
1

1
kg

300 C
3

kg
kg

kg
m

kg
3
m3
3000
00

1m3
m
1

10

1m
200 C r

0. 0
ba

0.1
.01 ar
2750 r 0 2b
ba 100 C 11

kg 1
10 r 0 06
ba 0.

m3
1 x=1
ar

02
2500 0. 1b ar

0.0
1b
0.0

2250 0.9

kg 1
Diagrams of the Properties of Water and Steam

m3
2000

015
0.8

0 .0
C
1750 400
0.7

Specific enthalpy h [ kJ kg 1 ]
1500 0.6
300
C
1250 0.5

20
1000 0 0.4
C

750 r
ba 0.3
0
50

100
C
500 0.2
r
ba
00
10
250 0.1
0
x=

0 C
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 1
Specific entropy s [ kJ kg K ]

Diagr. 1 Mollier enthalpy-entropy diagram with lines of constant pressure, temperature, and specific volume.
 r
900

ar
ar

ar
1 bar

10 ba

200 b

500 b
100 b
850
4200

800

750 4000 kJ kg
1

bar
0
700

100
650 3800

b ar
50 0
kg 1
600

1
5 m3

g
3600

0 .0 0

m 3k
550

2
1
bar

0.00
200

m 3k
500 r

1
ba
0

bar

kg
0.01
50 3400

100

5m3
450

01
0.0
ar

400
r

1
bar

bar
10 b

200 3200
kg
0.1

1 ba

1
1

Temperature t [ C ]
1

350
kg
kg

0.1 m 3

100 bar
1 m3
m 3 kg

10 m 3

300
100

1
3000 kJ 1
3 kg kg
m
5
250 0.
00
1

3 kg
ar

200 m
01
1b

280
0. 10 bar 0
26
0.0

16
18
20
24

22

140
0

00

800
00
00

0
00

1200
00

1000
1

k
150 3
kJ
bar

m kg
kg
1

0.1

J kg
112

600
1
06

1 bar
100
0.0

1
3 x=
1 m kg 1
0 1
x= 2600 kJ kg
50 0.1 bar
1

400 kJ kg
r 3

1
ba 10 m kg

200
00 1
0.

0.
1 7 0.8 0.9
0.4
0.5

0.2
0.3
6

10 0. 0.01 bar
100 m kg
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Diagrams of the Properties of Water and Steam

1 1
Specific entropy s [ kJ kg K ]
349

Diagr. 2 Temperature-entropy diagram with lines of constant pressure, specific enthalpy, and specific volume.
 1000 350

1
1
2

2
8 02 0.005

1
15

01

10
09 00 0 .0

kg
0

3
00
00

00
0.

0 C
0.

0.
0. 1

m
0.
K
500 3
kg

01
0.01 m

g 1K 1

0
0.
4 kJ k

3
5

1
2 kJ kg 1 1
200 1

50
800

700

600
1 K

40
0

300 C

200 C
C

50 C
C

100 C
C
100 300 C kg

C
1 kJ
3 g
m k 6
0.01 3 1
50 05 0.1 m kg
0.0

20 200 C 7

10
1
3 kg 1
3
5 m 1 m kg
0.1 1
1 K
kg
kJ
2 8
Diagrams of the Properties of Water and Steam

100 C
1

Pressure p [ bar ]
1
3 1
1

K
K
0.5 3 10 m kg

1 kJ kg 1K 1
kg

g 1
1m

kg 1 1
Jk
800 C

700 C

6k

2 kJ kg 1K 1
3
4 kJ
7
600 C

500 C

0.2
400 C

300 C

50 C
200 C

0.1
100 C

1 3 1
0.05 1 1 K 100 m kg
3 kg

0
kg
10 m kJ
10

x=
0.02
1
1 K 3 1
0.9
x=1

0.7
0.8

0.6

0.1
0.2
0.5

0.3
0.4
0.01 1
g 500 m kg
3 Jk
kg 1k
50 C

0 C 100 m 1
0.006112
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200

Specific enthalpy h [ kJ kg 1 ]

Diagr. 3 Logarithm pressure-enthalpy diagram with lines of constant specific entropy, temperature, and specific volume.