4/29/2017 ApplicationsofFiberReinforcedConcreteinPavements

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ApplicationsofFiberReinforcedConcreteinPavements
Home(https://theconstructor.org) / ConcreteTechnologyGuideForCIvilEngineer(https://theconstructor.org/concrete/) / ApplicationsofFiberReinforced
ConcreteinPavements

Therearevariousapplicationsoffiberreinforcedconcreteandoneofthemisintheconstructionofconcrete
pavements.Fiberreinforcedconcrete(FRC)isdefinedasacompositematerialconsistingofconcretereinforced
withdiscreterandomlybutuniformlydispersedshortlengthfibers.

Thefiberscanbemadeofsteel,polymerornaturalmaterials.Wovenfabrics,longwires,bars,andcontinuous
wiremesharenotconsidereddiscretefibers.

FRCisconsideredasamaterialofimprovedpropertiesandnotasreinforcedcementconcretewhereas
reinforcementisprovidedforlocalstrengtheningofconcreteintensionregion.SinceinFRC,fibersare
distributeduniformlyinconcrete,ithasbetterpropertiestoresistinternalstressesduetoshrinkage.Asfibers
improvespecificmaterialpropertiesoftheconcrete,impactresistance,flexuralstrength,toughness,fatigue
resistance,ductilityalsoimprove.

Fibersgenerallyusedincementconcretepavementsaresteelfibersandorganicpolymerfiberssuchas
polypropyleneandpolyester.

SteelFiberReinforcedConcrete(https://theconstructor.org/concrete/steelfibrereinforcedconcrete/4771/)

Steelfibershavebeenusedforalongtimeinconstructionofroadsandalsoinfloorings,particularlywhere
heavywearandtearisexpected.Specificationsandnomenclatureareimportantforamaterialtobeusedas
thetendersareinvitedbasedonspecificationsandnomenclatureoftheitems.Suchnomenclatureisnot

https://theconstructor.org/concrete/fiberreinforcedconcreteinpavements/4781/ 1/5
4/29/2017 ApplicationsofFiberReinforcedConcreteinPavements

availableinDelhiScheduleofRates.Inaworkwheresteelfiberreinforcedconcretewasusedforoverlaysjust
likeflooring,thefollowingnomenclaturecanbeadoptedforconcretingofsmallthickness.

Providingandlaying40mmsteelfiberreinforcedcementconcreteinpavement(inpanelshavingareanot
morethan1.5sqm)consistingofsteelfiber@40kgpercubicmeterofconcreteandcementconcretemixof
1:1.95:1.95(1cement:1.95coarsesandoffinenessmodulus2.42:1.95stoneaggregate10mmanddown
gaugeoffinenessmodulus5.99)overexistingsurfacei/ccementslurry,consolidating,tapping,andfinishing
butexcludingthecostofsteelfiberswhichshallbepaidseparately,completeasperdirectionofEngineerin
Charge(CementtobeusedshallbeOPC43gradeandsandandaggregatehavetobewashed).

SeconditemoffiberswasprovidedseparatelyasProvidingandmixingsteelfibersofdia0.45mmincement
concretedulycutintopiecesnotmorethan25mminlength.

Figure1:Pavementwithsteelfiberreinforcedconcrete

Thoughtheitemofsteelfiberreinforcedconcretehasbeenprovidedwithadesignmixofconcrete,whichis
almostof1:2:2grading,itcannowbeusedofmixlikeM30orM35.Sinceintheexecuteditem,thethickness
wastoberestricted,thestoneaggregatesusedwereof10mmsizeandbelowhowever,incaseofthe
concreteofmorethan75mmthickness,stoneaggregatesof20mmgradingcanbeused.

Theconstructionwascarriedoutmorethanadecadeback.Itisobservedthattheperformanceoftheconcrete
issatisfactoryevenaftermanyyearsofconstruction(Figure1).Even,nocorrosionhasbeenobservedinthe
steelfibers.Infacttheconcretinghasbeendonejustlikeflooringiteminthiscaseoveralreadyexistinghard
surface.Insuchacaseabondingcoatshouldalsobeprovidedlikeacoatofcementslurry.

Thefiberreinforcedconcretehasbeenprovidedinsmallpanelsconsideringtheworkability.Thoughvacuum
dewateredconcretehasnotbeendonewithsteelfiberreinforcedconcretebutthesameisalsopossible.
Vacuumdewateredconcrete,thoughcannotbedoneinsmallthicknesslike40or50mmbutcanbeusedif
thicknessis100mmormore.

Figure2:AviewofPFRCusedinparkingoverleanbaseconcrete

Figure3:LayingofPFRCinparkingoverWBMsurface

PolymerFiberReinforcedConcrete

https://theconstructor.org/concrete/fiberreinforcedconcreteinpavements/4781/ 2/5
4/29/2017 ApplicationsofFiberReinforcedConcreteinPavements

Polymericfibersarebeingusednowbecauseoftheirnoriskofcorrosionandalsobeingcosteffective(Sikdar
etal,2005).Polymericfibersnormallyusedareeitherofpolyesterorpolypropylene.Polymerfiberreinforced
concrete(PFRC)wasusedontwositeswithreadymixconcreteandVacuumdewateringprocess.

Thenomenclaturecanbeusedintheworksasgivenhere.

ProvidingandlayingreadymixfiberreinforcedcementconcreteofM35grade(Theconcreteshallalsohave
minimumworkstestbeamflexuralstrengthof40kgpersqmat28days)inrequiredslopeandcamberin
panelsi/cshapingatdrainagepointsasrequiredusingcementitiousmaterialsnotlessthan435kgpercumof
finishedconcretefromACC/L&T/AHLCON/UNITECHorequivalentbatchingplantforallleadsandliftswith
FibercomCF/Fibermesh/Recronorequivalent(100%virginsyntheticfibersize12mmlong)tobemixed@
900gramspercumofconcretei/cfinishingwithscreedvibration,vacuumdewateringprocess,floating,
trowelling,broomingandnormalcuringetc.completeasperstandardmanufacturersspecificationsandasper
directionofEngineerincharge(Allrelatedequipmentshallbearrangedbythecontractor.Costofcentering,
shuttering,groovingetc.shallbepaidseparately.DesignMixshallbegotapprovedfromtheEngineerin
Charge).

Inboththesites,vacuumdewateredconcretewasused.Boththesitesaretobeusedforparking.Inasite,
fiberreinforcedconcretewasusedoverabasecementconcreteofleanmixof1:4:8(Figure2)whileinother
siteitwaslaidoverwaterboundmacadam(WBM)(Figure3).

Whendewateredconcreteithasnoproblemofwaterbeingcomingoutonsurfaceduringcompactionprocess
butwhenitisdoneoverWBM,alotofconcretewaterissoakedbyWBMandthustheconcretelosesthewater
toWBMandthewaterwhichcomesoutduringdewatering/compactionprocessisnotinsamequantityasin
caseofleanconcrete.ItappearsthatitisbettertoprovidebaseconcretethanWBMasthebase.

Thegroovewasmadeinonecasebeforesettingofconcreteandalsopanelswerecastwithexpansionjointsin
onedirection.Nocrackswereobservedinthedirectioninwhichexpansionjointswereprovidedassumingthis
islongitudinaldirection.Inlateraldirection,nojointswereprovidedandthewidthofsuchpanelwasabout12
m.Itwaslaterobservedthatcrackshavedevelopedinthisdirection(Figure4).

Figure4:AcloserviewofcrackduetonoexpansionjointprovidedinPFRConleanconcretebase.

Figure5:Acloserviewofcrackduetonoexpansionjoint

Asitisknownthatthewidthof12mistoolongforexpansion/contraction.Ithasbeenobservedthatalmost
ataboutonethirdofthepanelwidth,suchcracksdevelopedi.e.sizeofpanelfromonesideisabout4mand
fromothersideitisabout8m.Fromthesiteobservation,itisthereforeinferredthatthepanelshouldhavethe
sizeofabout4mx4minthetemperatureconditionsofDelhihoweversmallvariationcanalsobemadeasper
siteconditions.

Inothercase,thecontractordelayedthecuttingofgroovesandthereaftertheareawasoccupiedduetosome
urgentrequirements,thecracksinboththedirectionsdeveloped.Thecrackswerealmostinline.Lateronthe
groovesweremadethroughcutters.Ithasbeenobservedthatthedistanceofcracksinonesidewasalmost
nearto4mandonothersideatabout7to9m(Figure5).Thusfromthiscasestudyalso,inferencecanbe
madethatgroovesifmadeinpanelsof4mx4m,itwouldbeappropriate.

https://theconstructor.org/concrete/fiberreinforcedconcreteinpavements/4781/ 3/5
4/29/2017 ApplicationsofFiberReinforcedConcreteinPavements

Inboththecases,nolateralgroovesweremade,asworkingwasnotaproblemduetouseofvacuum
dewateringprocess.Inboththecases,horizontallinecrackshavebeenobservedindicatingthatthegroovesin
otherdirectionarealsoessential.Fromthis,itisimperativethatpolymerfiberreinforcedconcreteshouldbe
laidinpanelsorgroovesshouldbeprovidedsothatconcreteactslikeinpanels.Cuttinggroovesiseasyasit
canbemadeaftercastingoftheconcrete.Butitshouldnotbedelayedforlongandshouldbemadebefore
concreteachievesitsdesiredstrength.Thesizeofpanelsmaybekeptaround4mx4m.

Thus,fiberreinforcedconcretehasadvantageovernormalconcreteparticularlyincaseofcementconcrete
pavements.Polymericfiberssuchaspolyesterorpolypropylenearebeingusedduetotheircosteffectiveas
wellascorrosionresistancethoughsteelfibersalsoworkquitesatisfactorilyforalongtime.Itappearsthat
fiberreinforcedconcreteshouldbelaidonbaseconcreteofleanmixsuchas1:4:8cementconcreterather
thanoverWBMandprovidedwithgroovesinpanelsofabout4mx4mtoavoidexpansion/contractioncracks.
Groovescanbemadeaftercastingofconcretethroughcutters.

ArticlebyDr.K.M.Soni,SuperintendingEngineer,CentralP.W.D.,NewDelhi

ReadMore:

FiberReinforcedConcreteTypes,Properties&AdvantagesofFiberReinforcedConcrete
(https://theconstructor.org/concrete/fiberreinforcedconcrete/150/)

GlassFiberReinforcedConcrete(GFRC)PropertiesandApplicationsinConstructionWorks
(https://theconstructor.org/concrete/glassfiberreinforcedconcrete/4773/)

FactorsAffectingDurabilityofFiberReinforcedConcrete(FRC)
(https://theconstructor.org/concrete/durabilityfiberreinforcedconcrete/16277/)

ApplicationsofSteelFiberReinforcedConcrete(https://theconstructor.org/concrete/applications
ofsteelfiberreinforcedconcrete/6117/)

SteelFiberReinforcedConcreteMixPreparationandUses
(https://theconstructor.org/concrete/steelfiberreinforcedconcrete/4771/)

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