InternationalFrameworks

WhatistheSalamancaDeclarationandwhatisitsrelevancewithrespecttoeducationinNorwayand
otherEuropeancountries?
- SalamancaDeclarationisaboutthatgovernmentsshouldadopttheprincipleofinclusiveeducation
asamatterofpolicyorlaw,unlesstherewerecompellingreasonsfordoingotherwise.
- Explored implications of inclusive education for teacher training & working with parents, and
aspectsofthecommunity
- RemindedgovernmentsthatchildrenwithdisabilitiesmustbeincludedinEFA

WhatistheConventionontheRightsoftheChildandwhatdidithavetosayaboutchildrenwith
disabilities?
- Primaryeducationshouldbefreeandcompulsorytoall
- Childrenshouldbeprotectedfromworkthatinterfereswitheducationandfromotherhorrible
thingssuchasdrugabuse,sexualexploitation,neglect,abuse,etc.
- Protectionofchildrenwithoutfamilies
- Disabledchildshouldenjoyafullanddecentlifeandtheyhaverighttospecialcare
- Assistanceshouldbeprovidedfreeofcharge,wheneverpossible
- Accesstoeducation,healthcare,preparationforemploymentofdisabledchildren

Ingeneral,whatistheWorldDeclarationoneducationforAllandwhatareitsgoal?
- Universalaccesstolearning(ItwasaglobalmovementledbyUNESCO,aimingtomeetthe
learningneedsofallchildren,youthandadultsby2015)
- Theyfocusedonequityandemphasizedonlearningoutcomes
- Broadenthemeansandthescopeofbasiceducation
- Enhancingtheenvironmentforlearning
- Strengtheningpartnerships
- designingandcarryingoutpoliciesandstrategiestoimprovebasiceducationservices

In what ways has this Education for All initiative been successful? How (where) has it been
unsuccessful?Whataresomeofthemajorcriticismsoftheinitiative?
- Schoolenrolmentsincreased(exceptinsubSaharanAfrica)
- Slightreductioningendergapinprimaryeducation
- Lowerilliteracyamongadults
- Accuracyandbreadthofeducationstatisticsareimproved(successfulway)
- USA(largestdonor)devoteslessthan0.2%ofGDPtoforeignaid
- 16outof21othercountriesreducedtheirforeignaidsince1990
- Itisarguesthatthisisduetoalackofdiversityoffocusintheeducationsector
- Themonopolyofattentiononprimaryeducationhasbeenatthecostofothersectors,suchas,higher
ed.,vocationaled.,science/technologyineducation,research,andsoon.

Unsuccesful
- Insum,intermsofdevelopmentalpriorities,theeducationsectorhasbeenstagnantforthelast20
years(p.7)

Criticisms
Why do some argue that separate initiatives specifically for marginalized groups (e.g., those with
disabilities)arecounterproductiveandincreaseratherthandecreasediscrimination?
- (Idontknowwell..)
- Where programs targeting various marginalized/excluded groups do exist, they have functioned
outsidethemainstreamspecialprograms,specializedinstitutionspecialisteducators
- Havingseparateinitiativesmaybecomeaformofdiscrimination,leavingchildrenwithspecialneeds
outsidethemainstreamofschoollifeandlater,asadults,outsidecommunity,socialandculturallife
ingeneral

Youdontreallyneedthisinitiativebecausepeoplewithdissabilitiesarealreadyintroduceininclusive
programs.