Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
OF PAGES: 1/5
DEPARTMENT : GEOTECHNICAL & EDITION: LAB 4a
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING NO. OF CHECKING:
LABORATORY : ENGINEERING GEOLOGY &
EFECTIVE DATE : 8/1/2007
GEOPHYSIC LABORATORY
TOPIC : PLOTTING POLES AND CONTOURING OF
AMENDMENT DATE: 8/1/2007
STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY DATA ( LAB 4a )
1.0 OBJECTIVE
To plot poles and carry out contouring of the structural geology data.
3.0 THEORY
Analysis of the orientation of structural geology data involves;
Plotting poles representing the dip and dip direction of each discontinuity. This plot will help to identify discontinuity sets,
for which both the average orientation and the scatter (dispersion) can be calculated.
The second step in the analysis is to plot great circles representing the average orientation of each set, major
discontinuities such as faults, and the dip and dip direction of the cut face.
5.0 PROCEDURE
Poles can be plotted on the polar stereonet on which the dip direction is indicated on the periphery of the circle, and the
dip is measured along radial lines with zero degrees at the center.
The procedure for plotting poles is to lay a sheet of tracing paper on the printed polar net and mark the north direction
and each quadrant position around the edge of the outer circle. A mark is then made to show the pole that represents
the orientation of each discontinuity as defined by its dip and dip direction. Poles for shallow dipping discontinuities lie
close to the center of the circle, and poles of steeply dipping discontinuities lie close to the periphery of the circle.
Concentrations of pole orientations can be identified using Kalsbeek counting net. The Kalsbeek net is made up of
mutually overlapping hexagons, each with an area of 1/100 of the full area of the stereonet.
Contouring is performed by overlaying the counting net on the pole and counting the number of poles in each hexagon;
this number is marked on the net. These numbers of poles are converted into percentages by dividing each by the total
number of poles and multiplying by 100. Once a percentage is written in each hexagon, contours can be developed by
interpolation.
Prepared by : Lecturer
Signature :
8.0 CONCLUSION
FACULTY : CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING NO. OF PAGES: 3/5
DEPARTMENT : GEOTECHNICAL & EDITION: LAB 4a
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING NO. OF CHECKING:
LABORATORY : ENGINEERING GEOLOGY &
EFECTIVE DATE : 8/1/2007
GEOPHYSIC LABORATORY
TOPIC : PLOTTING POLES AND CONTOURING OF
AMENDMENT DATE: 8/1/2007
STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY DATA (LAB 4a)
CONTD:-
51 36.0 3 95 42 20 1 2 3 1
52 37.1 1 185 80 20 1 2 3 1
53 37.4 3 94 38 20 1 2 3 1
54 38.1 1 353 80 20 1 2 3 1
55 38.9 1 260 60 20 1 6 3 1
56 39.0 1 192 55 20 1 2 3 1
57 40.2 1 193 74 20 1 2 3 1
58 40.5 1 288 52 20 1 2 3 1
59 41.2 1 200 62 20 1 2 3 1
60 42.0 1 215 80 20 1 2 3 1
61 43.0 1 295 56 20 1 2 5 1
62 43.5 1 206 60 20 1 2 5 1
63 44.1 1 308 50 20 1 2 3 1
64 44.5 1 330 70 20 1 2 5 1
65 44.9 1 204 60 20 1 2 3 1
66 50.6 1 214 60 20 1 2 3 1
67 50.9 3 90 45 20 1 2 3 1
68 51.6 1 205 55 20 1 2 3 1
69 51.9 1 306 30 20 1 2 3 1
70 53.0 1 210 68 20 1 2 3 1
71 54.2 1 298 24 20 1 2 3 3
72 55.0 3 100 58 20 1 2 3 3
73 55.8 1 204 65 20 1 2 3 2
74 56.2 1 307 30 20 1 2 3 3
75 57.0 1 210 60 20 1 2 3 2
76 58.0 1 214 65 20 1 2 3 2
77 58.9 1 290 60 20 1 2 5 2
78 59.5 1 212 62 20 1 2 3 3
79 60.0 1 215 62 20 1 2 3 2
80 60.2 3 100 56 20 1 2 3 2
81 60.9 1 255 50 20 1 2 3 2
82 61.3 1 205 62 20 1 2 3 2
83 61.9 3 90 50 20 1 2 3 2
84 62.4 1 342 85 20 1 2 3 3
85 62.9 1 210 55 20 1 2 3 3
86 63.8 1 265 45 20 1 2 3 1
87 64.0 3 100 52 20 1 2 3 1
88 65.2 1 172 88 20 1 2 3 1
89 66.0 1 262 48 20 1 2 3 1
90 66.7 1 10 88 20 1 2 3 1
91 68.0 1 206 75 20 1 2 3 1
92 69.8 3 100 55 20 1 2 3 1
93 70.0 1 208 56 20 1 2 3 1
94 71.9 1 190 80 20 1 2 3 1
95 72.0 1 320 88 20 1 2 3 1
96 73.1 1 210 60 20 1 2 3 1
97 73.9 3 95 52 20 1 2 5 1
98 74.3 1 220 58 20 1 2 3 1
99 75.0 1 300 45 20 1 2 3 1
100 76.2 1 348 88 20 1 2 3 1
FACULTY : CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING NO. OF PAGES: 5/5
DEPARTMENT : GEOTECHNICAL & EDITION: LAB 4a
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING NO. OF CHECKING:
LABORATORY : ENGINEERING GEOLOGY &
EFECTIVE DATE : 8/1/2007
GEOPHYSIC LABORATORY
TOPIC : PLOTTING POLES AND CONTOURING OF
AMENDMENT DATE: 8/1/2007
STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY DATA (LAB 4a)
CONTD:-
1.0 OBJECTIVE
To identify the major and minor discontinuities set, plot the great circle of discontinuities and analyze the failure modes.
3.1 THEORY
Mode of rock slope failures.
Prepared by : Lecturer
Signature :
3.2 THEORY
Mode of slope failures based on discontinuities sets plot.
0
i. Dip direction lie within 20 from the design slope dip direction.
Planar ii. f > p > j (slope angle>plane angle>friction angle)
iii. Release surfaces must be present to define the lateral boundaries of the slide.
Prepared by : Lecturer
Signature :
5.0 PROCEDURE
Great circles are plotted on the equatorial net, but they cannot be plotted directly on this net because the true dip can only
be scaled off the horizontal axis. The plotting procedure for great circles consists of the following steps:
1. Lay a piece of tracing paper on the net with a thumbtack through the center point so that the tracing paper can be
rotated on the net.
3. Locate the dip direction of the plane on the scale around the circumference of the net and mark this point on the tracing
paper. Note that the dip direction scale on the equatorial net for plotting great circles starts at the north point at the top
of the circle and increases in a clockwise direction.
o
4. Rotate the tracing paper until the dip direction mark coincides with one of the horizontal axes of the net, that is, the 90
o
or 180 points of the dip direction scale.
5. Locate the arc on the net corresponding to the dip of the plane and trace this arc into the paper. Note that a horizontal
plane has a great circle at the circumference of the net, and a vertical plane is represented by a straight line passing
through the center of the net.
6. Rotate the tracing paper so that the two north points coincide and the great circle is oriented correctly.
The slope data was given as 90 (dip direction) and 60 (dip angle)
8.0 CONCLUSION
FACULTY : CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING NO. OF PAGES: 1/1
DEPARTMENT : GEOTECHNICAL & EDITION: LAB 4c
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING NO. OF CHECKING:
LABORATORY : ENGINEERING GEOLOGY &
EFECTIVE DATE : 8/1/2007
GEOPHYSIC LABORATORY
TOPIC : PLANE AND WEDGE FACTOR OF SAFTEY
AMENDMENT DATE: 8/1/2007
(LAB 4c)
1.0 OBJECTIVE
To identify which discontinuities are potential to fail and calculate the factor of safety.
3.0 THEORY
To obtain the factor of safety for planar is much simple rather than wedge. For plane, consideration on one discontinuity,
besides wedge two discontinuities (sets). Two (2) conditions need to exam, wet and dry conditions.
5.0 PROCEDURE
Determine the mode of failures
Used appropriate formula of planar or wedge given in APPENDIX A and B
The other information/properties from the site study and laboratory works are given as following:-
Rock unit weight, r = 25 kN/m
3
i.
ii. Rock friction angle,a =b = 30
Water unit weight, w = 9.81 kN/m
3
iii.
iv. Cohesion of discontinuities, Ca = Cb = 50 kPa
v. Height of slope = Height of wedge = Height of plane, H = 50 m
vi. Tension crack depth, Z = Tension crack height, Zw = 1 meter
vii. Upper slope data = 100 (dip direction) and 20 (dip angle)
viii. Inclined angle of anchor () = (T) = 20
ix. Bars for Y25 = 10 ton = 100 kN
8.0 CONCLUSION
Prepared by : Lecturer
Signature :
Z
V Zw
T
U
Given:
FOS = cA + (W cos - U - V sin + T sin (+)) tan
W sin + V cos - T cos (+)
A = (H-Z).cosec
W = r. H [(1-(Z/H) )cot cot ]
U = w.Zw .(H-Z).cosec
V = w.Zw
Given:
3
Fos (Ca. X Cb.Y ) ( A . X )Tana ( B .Y )Tanb
w w
H t
2 2
Ca = Cohesion b = Friction angle
Ht = height of wedge a = dip angle for plane a
b = dip angle for plane b 5= dip angle for wedge intersection
= unit weight of rock w = unit weight of water