NSA-2017

National Symposium on Acoustics

Book of Abstracts

Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Zakir Hussain College of Engineering and Technology
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
 Table of Contents
Message from Convener ........................................................................................................................... vi
Committees .............................................................................................................................................. vii
Acknowledgements................................................................................................................................... ix
Program Overview ..................................................................................................................................... x
Prediction of acoustical performance with and without airflow resistivity of fibrous natural
materials ................................................................................................................................................... 1
Manish Raj, S.Fatima, Naresh Tandon .................................................................................................. 1
Sonic Crystals for Highway Noise Reduction........................................................................................ 2
Debasish Panda, A. R. Mohanty ............................................................................................................ 2
Acoustic Properties of Additive Manufactured Porous Material........................................................ 3
Deepak C Akiwate, Mahendra D Date, B. Venkatesham1, Suryakumar S ........................................... 3
Standardization and Calibration of Acoustic Emission Signal Processing system for Material
Characterizing ......................................................................................................................................... 4
S V Ranganayakulu B Samrat Gouda S.Ravi ........................................................................................ 4
Dependence of macro-scale response of fibrous materials on polygonal arrangement of fibers ...... 5
Sagar Deshmukh, Sripriya Ramamoorthya, .......................................................................................... 5
Experimental Study of Sound Transmission through Wooden Doors of Different Combinations .. 6
Acoustic analysis of timbre of Sarasvati Veena in comparison to simple sonometer ........................ 7
Predicting the acoustical characteristics of reticulated periodic foam ............................................... 8
Vinayak Agarwal , Sripriya Ramamoorthy ........................................................................................... 8
Is Breathiness a Normal Component of Female Voice? An Inquiry Using Electroglottography ..... 9
Authors: Yeshoda K., Reshli Y.V., Spoorthi N., & Runali P. ............................................................... 9
Acoustic Analysis of Voice of Temple Priests ...................................................................................... 10
Priyadharshini V, Vasupradaa M,Yeshoda K ...................................................................................... 10
Acoustic analysis of infant cries: Well-born nursery infants v/s preterm low birth weight infants
................................................................................................................................................................. 11
N Sreedevi, Shanbal C. Jayashree, K Arunraj, T Neetu, M Akshay ................................................... 11
A Comparison of Acoustic and Electrophysiological Measures in Young Female Voice ............... 12
Authors: Yeshoda K., Reshli Y.V., Spoorthi N., & Runali P. ............................................................. 12
Vowel Duration in L1 and L2 of Tamil adult Speakers: A comparative study ............................... 13
Vasupradaa, M., Priyadharshini, V., & Rajasudhakar., R ................................................................... 13
Durational Characteristics for Hindi Vowel Sandhi Speech Database............................................. 14
Rajeev Kumar Upadhyay, Sanjay Kumar and Manoj Kumar Riyal .................................................... 14
Perceptual Judgments of Resonance, Understandability and Acceptability in Children with
Repaired Cleft Palate across Words and Sentences ........................................................................... 15

ii
 M. Pushpavathi, Ajish K Abraham, S.R. Mahadeva Pasanna, Girish K.S .......................................... 15
Effect of number of LPCs and formant deletion methods of inverse filtering on acoustic
parameters of voice ................................................................................................................................ 16
Vimala J. K., Rashika Sharma, & Santosh M ...................................................................................... 16
Role of acoustic cues in conveying emotion in speech ........................................................................ 17
Jasdeep Kaur, Dr. Kailash Juglan and Dr. Vishal Sharma................................................................... 17
Perception of Amplification on Punjabi Nasal Consonants Nasalence Score .................................. 18
Dr. Dharam Vir, Vidushi Singh, Puneet Sharma, Dr. Harmesh Kumar, Dr. Saraswati Gupta,
A.K.Gupta, Dr. Naresh K. Panda......................................................................................................... 18
Change in Throat Temperature and Fundamental Frequency of Voice Before and After Vocal
Loading: A Comparative Study ........................................................................................................... 19
Lokheshwar. S. & Rajasudhakar, R ..................................................................................................... 19
Speech Rhythm in Kannada Speaking Children Aged 9-12 Years ................................................... 20
Savithri, S. R, Sreedevi, N., Manisha, Hegdea, Sheba Merin Jacoba .................................................. 20
Effect of Variability in Talkers on Spoken Word Recognition and Recall ...................................... 21
Pooja C., Sumanth P., & Rajasudhakar R. Post Graduation (SLP) students; Reader in Speech
Sciences, Department of Speech-Language Sciences; All India Institute of Speech and Hearing,
Mysore-06, Karnataka, India ............................................................................................................... 21
Evaluation of temporal resolution around the tinnitus frequency in adults with tonal tinnitus .... 22
Prithivi.T, Udhayakumar.R & Prashanth Prabhu ................................................................................ 22
Entropic Analysis of Garhwali Text..................................................................................................... 23
Manoj Kumar Riyala, Rajeev Kumar Upadhyay and Sanjay Kumar .................................................. 23
Continuous Speech Recognition Technologies-A Review .................................................................. 24
Shobha Bhatt, Dr.Anurag Jain, Dr. Amita Dev ................................................................................... 24
Neuro-physiological correlates of voice onset time in Kannada and Tamil speaking ..................... 25
Jayakumar T., Vijay Kumar Narne. ..................................................................................................... 25
Effect of Age on Formant Frequencies in Kannada Speakers........................................................... 26
Namitha V, Namratha V, and Rajasudhakar.R .................................................................................... 26
Proactive Maintenance Approach by Adopting Advanced Condition monitoring techniques at
DTPS ....................................................................................................................................................... 27
Hemant Bari, Atul Deshpande, Suhas Patil. ........................................................................................ 27
Noise and Vibration reduction in a Hermetic Reciprocating Compressor using a Damped
Connecting rod ....................................................................................................................................... 28
Pritum Suthar, Dhanesh Manik............................................................................................................ 28
Experimental Studies on Twelve Bladed Fan Vibration Considering Flexibility of Shaft ............. 29
Shashank Shekhar Singh, Ahmad Ali Khan ........................................................................................ 29
Application of acoustic emissions in mechanical engineering: a review ........................................... 30
iii
 Syed Faraz Hassan, Nabeel Hidayat, Taliv Hussain, Ashad Ahmad and Adnan Hafiz....................... 30
Dynamic analysis for healthy and defective gears: A review ............................................................. 31
Swati Gautam, Sidra Khanam, N. Tandon........................................................................................... 31
AA Simultaneous EEG and EMG study to quantify emotions .......................................................... 32
Hindustani Uddalok Sarkar, Soumyadeep Pal, Sayan Nag, Shankha Sanyal, Archi Banerjee ............ 32
A review study of acoustic space partitioning of bird songs in varied environment ....................... 33
Ankita Das ........................................................................................................................................... 33
Thermo-acoustical study of inter molecular interactions in the mixtures of ethylene glycol and
glycerol at temperature 298 K. ............................................................................................................. 34
Kirandeep Kaur and Dr. Kailash Juglan .............................................................................................. 34
Rayleigh Type Acoustic Streaming In a Porous Media...................................................................... 35
Neetu Srivastava, Yasser Rafat............................................................................................................ 35
Thermoacoustic Refrigeration System: An Emerging Green Technology ....................................... 36
Ashad Ahmad, Taliv Hussain, Mohammad Faizan and Adnan Hafiz ................................................. 36
Studies Different Structure of Atmospheric Boundary Layer using Monostatic SODAR ............. 37
Nishant Kumara,*, Kirti Sonib, Ravinder Agarwala, Mahavir Singhb .................................................. 37
Acoustic Signature of Square Cylinder in a Compressible Flow ...................................................... 38
Noise control of a marine propeller by modifying the skew angle .................................................... 39
V Ramakrishna, D.A. Rao, Ch. Sankara Rao,PVS Ganesh Kumar, T.Gunasekhar, V.Mani kumar ... 39
Passive acoustic discovery of humpback whales off the coast of Goa, India .................................... 40
Shyam Kumar Madhusudhana, Bishwajit Chakraborty ...................................................................... 40
Impact of timing of surgery on the development of speech in toddlers with repaired cleft lip and
palate ....................................................................................................................................................... 41
M. Pushpavathi, Kavya V. , Akshatha V. ............................................................................................ 41
Acoustical Investigations of Rhodium metal ....................................................................................... 42
K. K. Pandey ........................................................................................................................................ 42
Thermo-acoustical Molecular Interaction Study in Mixtures of Glycol, Alcohol and Paraben ..... 43
Ashima, K.C. Juglan, Harsh Kumar .................................................................................................... 43
Standard Practices for Acoustic Emission Measurement on Machines ........................................... 44
Surojit Poddar, N. Tandon ................................................................................................................... 44
Direction of Arrival Estimation for Speech Source using Closely Spaced Microphones ................ 45
Mohd Wajida, Arun Kumar, and Rajendar Bahl ................................................................................. 45
Optimum Signal Processing Strategy for Enhancing Hearing Aid Output Speech ........................ 46
Ajish K. Abraham ................................................................................................................................ 46
Investigations into some parameters of vibration signal of faulty bearings with wavelet transform
................................................................................................................................................................. 47
iv
 Sidra Khanam, N. Tandon ................................................................................................................... 47
A Survey on Underwater Wireless Sensor Network........................................................................... 48
Kailas ................................................................................................................................................... 48
Internal wave induced sound speed fluctuation in the shallow waters of North West Bay of Bengal
................................................................................................................................................................. 49
Noufal K.K, Latha G, Ramesh R ......................................................................................................... 49
Characterization of fish signals using Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis in shallow water
area off Goa ............................................................................................................................................ 50
Kranthi Kumar Chanda, Bishwajit Chakraborty.................................................................................. 50

v
Message from Convener
First of all I am thankful to the Acoustical Society of India who has given
us the opportunity to organize the 46th National Symposium on Acoustics
(NSA-2017) and I am glad to announce that the Symposium is going to be
organized by the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Zakir Husain
College of Engineering & Technology, and A.M.U. Aligarh during October
28-30, 2017. The aim of the National Symposium on Acoustics (NSA-2017)
is to focus on the major areas of Acoustics and Vibration. I cordially invite all the enthusiasts
from Academia, Industry and other institutes to participate with full vigor in this symposium that
may give immense exposure and global opportunities to our young generation.

I extend my best wishes to the organizing secretaries and all the members of the organizing
committee to achieve a grand success in the symposium.

Looking forward to welcome you at the historical portal of learning i.e. AMU, Aligarh.

Prof. Ahmad Ali Khan

Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Zakir Hussain College of Engineering and Technology
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh

vi
Committees
National Advisory Committee
Prof. Ashutosh Sharma,
Secretary, DST
Prof. Girish Sahni, Secretary
DSIR & DG- CSIR
Dr. Soumya Swaminathan,
DG-ICMR
Dr. S Christopher,
DG-DRDO
Dr. G Satheesh Reddy,
SA to R. M
Dr. Anil Dattatraya Sahasrabudhe,
Chairman, AICTE
Dr. Arun Sharma,
Secretary, Deity
Mr. Ajay Narayan Jha, Secretary,
MOEF
Prof. Rajat Moona,
DG- CDAC
Dr. D.K.Aswal,
Director, NPL
Prof. V.R. Singh,
ASI President
Prof. Raja Ram Yadav,
VC VBS Purvanchal University
Prof. E.S.R. Gopal,
Ex. Director, NPL & P. President ASI
Dr. V. K. Aatre, Past President, ASI
Prof. M. L. Munjal, Past President, ASI
Prof. S.S. Agrawal, Past President, ASI
Dr. S. R. Savithri, Director AIISH
Dr. V. Rajendra,
ASI Past President
Shri S. N. Zindal,
Ex. DG, STPI
Dr. Anirban Basu,
Organizing Committee Members
Chief Patron Prof. Mirza Faisal S. Baig
Prof. Tariq Mansoor
Vice Chancellor Prof. Mohammad Muzammil
Patrons Prof. Raisuddin Ansari
Prof. Mohammad Idrees
Dean, Faculty of Engg & Tech Prof. Akhter Husain Ansari
Prof. M. M. Suiyan Baig
Prof. Naiem Akhtar
Principal, ZHCET, AMU
Co-Patron Prof. Mohammed Ali
Prof. M Altamush Siddiqui
Prof. Nadeem Hasan
Chairman, Mechanical
Engineering
Prof. Abid Ali Khan
Convenor
Prof. Ahmad Ali Khan Prof. Md. Naushad Alam
Organising Secretary
Dr. Yasser Rafat Prof. Imtiaz Ali Khan
Joint Organising Secretaries
Prof. Mohd Farooq
Dr. Azhar Jamil
Dr. Sidra Khanam Prof. M. Jamil Ahmad
Mr. Ateeb Ahmad Khan
Treasurer Prof. Shah Shahood Alam
Prof. Mohammad Faizan Dr. M. Arif Siddiqui
Joint Treasurer
Dr. S. M. Yahya Mr. Nafees Ahmad
Dr. Parveen Farooqui
Mr. Adnan Hafiz
Mr. Asif Sami
Dr. Syed Fahad Anwer
Dr. Arshad Hussain Khan
Dr. Faisal Hasan
Dr. Faisal Talib
Dr. Saleem Anwar Khan
Dr. Mubashshir Ahmad Ansari
Dr. Qasim Murtaza
Mr. Riaz Jafri
Mr. Khusro Qasim
Mr. Akhlaque Ahmad
vii
 President CSI Ms. Saman Ahmad
Mr. PVS Ganesh Kumar,
Ms. Arees Qamareen
ASI Vice President
Dr. B. Chakrborty, NIO Goa Mr. Najeeb ur Rahman
Dr. Mahavir Singh, Dr. Rashid Ali
ASI Secretary Dr. Mohd. Yaqoob Yasin
Dr. Y. K. Yadav,
Mr. Mohammad Rashid Zafar
ASI Treasurer
Dr. I Johnson, Mr. Taliv Hussain

ASI Jt. Secretary Mr. Mohammad Nasir Khan

Dr. Rajiv K Upadhayay ,
Mr. Abdullah Yousuf Usmani
ASI EC Member
Dr. Rita Paikarey,

ASI EC Member

viii
Acknowledgements
The NSA-2017 organising committees wish to thank the following organisations and companies
for their contribution to the success of the symposium

ix
Program Overview
Technical Session: I-A, Session Chair: Dr. Mahavir Singh
ACOUSTICS MATERIALS
S. No.
NSA05
Prediction of acoustical performance with
1 and without airflow resistivity of fibrous Manish Raj IIT- Delhi
natural materials
NSA63
Sonic Crystals for Highway noise
2 Debasish Panda IIT Kharagpur
reduction
NSA41
3 Acoustic Properties of Additive
B Venkatesham IIT Hyderabad
Manufactured Porous Material
NSA51
Calibration and standardization of Guru Nanak
4 Acoustic Emission Signal Processing S V Ranganayakulu Institutions
system for Material Characterizing Technical Campus
NSA64
Dependence of macro-scale response of
5 Sripriya
fibrous materials on polygonal IIT, Bombay
Ramamoorthy
arrangement of fibers
NSA69
Experimental Study of Sound
6 Transmission through Wooden Doors of Kirti Soni CSIR-NPL
Different Combinations
NSA12
7 Acoustic analysis of timbre of Sarasvati Radhika Vathsan
IIT, Bombay
veena in comparison to simple sonometer
NSA61
8 Predicting the acoustical characteristics of Vinayak Agarwal
CSIR-NPL
reticulated periodic foams

Technical Session: I-B, Session Chair: S. S. Agarwal/ Ajish Abraham

SPEECH HEARING AND PERCEPTION
S. No.
NSA14
Is breathiness a normal component of female
1 Runali Patil AIISH
voice? An inquiry using Electroglottography
NSA13
2 Study of vocal load among temple priests Priyadharshini V AIISH
NSA09
Acoustic analysis of infant cries: Well-born
3 nursery infants v/s preterm low birth weight N Sreedevi AIISH
infants

x
 NSA16
A comparison of acoustic and
electrophysiological measures in young female Reshli Y V AIISH
4
voice
NSA26
Vowel Duration in L1 and L2 of Tamil
Vasupradaa M AIISH
5 Speakers: A Comparative Study
NSA35
Durational Characteristics for Hindi Vowel V.A. Govt. Degree
Rajeev Upadhyay
6 Sandhi Speech Database College, Atrauli
NSA45
Perceptual Judgments of Resonance,
Understandability and Acceptability in
7 Pushpavathi M AIISH
Children with Repaired Cleft Palate across
Words and Sentences
NSA36
Effect of number of LPCs and formant deletion Vimala
methods of inverse filtering on acoustic Jayakrishna AIISH
8
parameters of voice Kasturi
NSA24
9 Role of acoustic cues in conveying emotion in
Jasdeep Kaur LPU, Punjab
speech

Technical Session: II-A, Session Chair: Ajish Abraham

SPEECH HEARING AND PERCEPTION
S. No.
NSA39
1 Perception of amplification on Punjabi nasal
Dr. Dharam Vir IMER, Chandigarh
consonants - nasalence score
NSA19
Change in Throat Temperature and
2
Fundamental Frequency of Voice Before and Rajasudhakar R AIISH, Mysuru
After Vocal Loading: A Comparative Study
NSA49
3 Speech rhythm in Kannada speaking children
N Sreedevi AIISH
aged 9-12 years
NSA56
4 Effect of variability in talkers on spoken
Pooja C AIISH
word recognition
NSA32
5 Evaluation of temporal resolution around the
tinnitus frequency in adults with tonal Prithivi T AIISH
tinnitus
NSA34
6 Government
Entropic Analysis of Garhwali Text Manoj Riyal College, Pauri
Garhwal,
xi
 NSA08
Guru Govind Singh
7 Continuous Speech Recognition Technologies-
Shobha Bhatt Indraprastha
A Review
University
NSA47
8 Neuro-physiological correlates of voice onset
T Jayakumar AIISH
time in Kannada and Tamil speaking
NSA57
9 Effect of age in formant frequencies in
Namitha V AIISH
Kannada Speakers

Technical Session: II-B, Session Chair: M. L. Munjal / N. Tandon

ACOUSTIC VIBRATION AND NOISE
S. No.
NSA02
1 Proactive Approach by Adopting Suhas Patil Reliance Infrastructure
Advanced Condition Maintenance ,Dahanu Thermal
Monitoring techniques at DTPS Power Station
NSA60
Noise and Vibration reduction in a Dhanesh Manik IIT Bombay
2
Hermetic Reciprocating Compressor
using a Damped Connecting rod
NSA65
3 Experimental Studies on Twelve Bladed Shashank S. Jaipur Engineering
Fan Vibration Considering Flexibility of Singh College
Shaft
NSA58
4 Application of acoustic emissions in Syed Faraz ZHCET, AMU,
mechanical engineering: a review Hassan ALIGARH
NSA66
5 Dynamic analysis for healthy and Swati Gautam ITMMEC, IIT Delhi
defective gears: A review
NSA30
A simultaneous EEG and EMG study to Shankha Sanyal Sir CV Raman Centre
6 quantify emotions from hindustani for Physics And
classical music Music, Jadavpur
University
NSA72
7 Acoustic space partitioning of bird songs Ankita Das Wildlife Institute of
in varied environment India
NSA11
Thermo-acoustical study of inter Kirandeep Kaur LPU, Punjab
8 molecular interactions in the mixtures of
ethylene glycol and glycerol at
temperature 298 K

xii
 Technical Session: III-A, Session Chair: V. R. Singh
GENERAL ACOUSTICS
S. No.
NSA03
1 Rayleigh type acoustic streaming in a Neetu Amrita Vishwa
Porous media Srivastava Vidyapeetham
NSA59
2 Thermoacoustic Refrigeration System: An Ashad Ahmad ZHCET, AMU,
Emerging Green Technology ALIGARH
NSA70
Studies Different Structure of Nishant Kumar Thapar University,
3
Atmospheric Boundary Layer using Patiala
Monostatic SODAR
NSA04
4 Acoustic Signature of Square Cylinder in Syed Fahad MED, ZHCET, AMU
a Compressible Flow Anwar
NSA71
5 NOISE CONTROL OF A MARINE V Ramakrishna NSTL, Vishakapatnam
PROPELLER BY MODIFYING THE
SKEW ANGLE
NSA27
6 Passive Acoustic Discovery Of Shyam CSIR - NIO
Humpback Whales Off The Coast Of Madhusudhana
Goa, India
NSA37
Impact of timing of surgery on the Pushpavathi M AIISH, Mysore
7
development of speech in toddlers with
repaired cleft lip and palate
NSA46
8 Acoustical Investigations of Rhodium K. K. Pandey Sharda University
metal
NSA55
Thermo-acoustical Molecular Interaction Ashima Thakur LPU, Punjab
9
Study in Mixtures of Glycol, Alcohol and
Paraben
Technical Session: III-B, Session Chair: E. S. Rajgopal
INSTRUMENTATION & SIGNAL PROCESSING
S.No.
NSA62
1 Standard Practices for Acoustic Emission Surojit Poddar IIT Delhi
Measurement on Machines
NSA42

2 Direction of Arrival Estimation for Mohd Wajid Aligarh Muslim

Speech Source using Closely Spaced University
Microphones
xiii
 NSA23
3 Optimum Signal Processing Strategy for Ajish K Abraham AIISH, Mysuru
Enhancing Hearing Aid Output Speech
NSA67

4 Investigations into statistical properties of Sidra Khanam MED, Aligarh

vibration signal of faulty bearings with Muslim University,
wavelet transform ALIGARH
NSA07
5 A Survey on Underwater Wireless Sensor Kailash Patil VNEC SHORAPUR
Network
NSA50
6 Internal wave induced sound speed Noufal Kk NIOT, Chennai
fluctuation in the shallow waters of North
West Bay of Bengal
NSA28
7 Charectrization of fish signals using Kranthikumar CSIR, Goa
Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis Chanda
in shallow water area off Goa

xiv
 Prediction of acoustical performance with and without airflow
resistivity of fibrous natural materials
Manish Raj1, S.Fatima, Naresh Tandon
ITMMEC, IIT-Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India

Abstract
Traditional sound absorbing materials for noise control are rockwool and glasswool which serve the
purpose pretty well but are accompanied by some serious health hazard during their manufacturing or
processing or application. Hence researchers and practitioners are coming up with new materials,
particularly from natural sources, which apart from being cheap and readily available, have good noise
absorption properties along with minimum effect on environment and health hazards. When sound is
incident on these materials, some portion is reflected back (due to impedance mismatch), some portion is
dissipated within the material (due to thermal and viscous loss in the pores) and the remaining is
transmitted to the medium behind the material. Sound absorption is defined as dissipation plus
transmission; hence any parameter which increases any of these two effect will increase the sound
absorption. Just like the synthetic sound absorbing materials, these natural materials are also porous in
nature which creates sufficient interest to explore them for potential acoustical applications. Several
researchers have conducted acoustical investigations on materials which are used in some other form such
as bamboo, jute, kenaf, hemp, ramie, sisal, coconut coir, tea leaf fibre, betel nut fibre and also on some
waste materials like recycled rubber, cigarette butt, bagasse, oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre.

In this paper, a mathematical model has been developed to predict the normal sound absorption coefficient
of jute and waste cotton. It can also be predicted by estimating the airflow resistivity of a material and
feeding that into established models but the amount of error encountered in this approach is often large.
So, with an objective to minimise the error, characteristics impedance and complex wave number of the
materials have been experimentally estimated. With the minimum sum of squares of error curve fitting
approach, a MATLAB code has been developed to obtain the modified coefficients in Denaly-Bazley(D-
B) model. These equations have been used to predict the sound absorption coefficients of Jute fibres and
waste cotton, which is compared with the actual ones obtained by conducting experiments on impedance
tube. The modified model was found to be of the greater degree of accuracy than the original D-B model.
Further, with mathematical formulations, the airflow resistivity term was eliminated from the model and
the model was further modified to predict the normal sound absorption coefficient at different
frequencies. The results of this model were compared with the result of the original D-B model and
experimentally estimated normal absorption. It was also found to be closer to the actual behaviour than
the one predicted by D-B model.

Keywords: Natural fibre; Acoustical mathematical modelling; Sound absorption coefficients; Jute; Waste cotton

1
 Sonic Crystals for Highway Noise Reduction
Debasish Pandaa, A. R. Mohantyb
a
Ph.D Scholar, Mechanical Engg Dept, IIT Kharagpur, E-mail: debasishlitu@yahoo.co.in
b
Professor, Mechanical Engg Dept., IIT Kharagpur,

Abstract
Sonic crystals are noise barriers which have come to picture since the last two decades for their sound
attenuation properties. They consist of sound scatterers arranged periodically inside a host material. The
scatterers have high impedance and are put in a fluid of low impedance. Sound attenuation takes place
due to multiple scattering of sound waves by the rigid sound scatterers, within particular frequency bands
known as Band Gaps. In this paper, a finite element study has been performed on a 2-D sonic crystal
having circular scatterers arranged in square pattern. The scatterers are assumed to be sound hard, which
imposes that the normal velocity and normal acceleration at their boundary is zero and the arrangement
is periodic which is because of the cyclic symmetry of the structure. Relevant boundary conditions have
been incorporated into the design which aims in determining the Band Gaps and the corresponding
transmission losses through the sonic crystal. Results of eigenfrequency and frequency response analysis
of the scatterers done using a commercial finite element software, COMSOL Multiphysics are presented
in this paper.

Keywords: Sonic Crystals; Sound attenuation; Band Gaps; Transmission Loss; Eigenfrequency.
E-mail: amohanty@mech.iitkgp.ernet.in

2
 Acoustic Properties of Additive Manufactured Porous Material
Deepak C Akiwate, Mahendra D Date, B. Venkatesham1, Suryakumar S
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502285

Abstract
Acoustic porous materials are extensively used in many engineering applications like building,
automobile, aviation and marine. The health risk factor and environmental claims, associated with
traditional materials such as glass wool, mineral fibres, and polymer foams demand for the alternative
porous acoustic absorbing materials. Advances in additive manufacturing (AM) allow to manufacture
complex structures and give an alternative method to produce porous materials. This study investigates
the acoustic properties of porous sound absorbing material produced by using additive manufacturing
(AM) technique and explores the feasibility of AM to manufacture acoustic absorptive materials. For
study, three samples with different aperture ratio were fabricated by AM technique, and their sound
absorption coefficients were measured experimentally by using the impedance tube. The theoretical
formulation for predicting normal sound absorption coefficient of sample with and without air gap was
developed and compared with experimental results. The predicted absorption coefficient agrees well with
measured results. The measured results indicate that the absorption coefficient of the structures fabricated
through AM can be altered by varying aperture ratio and airgap behind the sample. This study reinforces
the capability of AM for producing complex acoustic structures with better acoustic properties.

Keywords: Porousmaterial; Additive Manufacturing; Acoustic absorption coefficient; Impedance tube

3
 Standardization and Calibration of Acoustic Emission Signal
Processing system for Material Characterizing
S V Ranganayakulua B Samrat Gouda S.Ravib
a
Research and Development, Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus, Hyderabad-Telangana State, India 501506.
b
Rural Development Society, SCIRO, Panjagutta, Hyderabad Telangana State, India-500082

Abstract
Acoustic Emission (AE) is one of the versatile tools to study the materials and associated defects
nondestructively under dynamic or static stress load conditions. The experiments planned to study
Acoustic Emission system have to be calibrated with various resonant frequency band sensors and stress
levels appropriately. This practice covers requirements for the calibration of acoustic emission sensors.
The calibration yields the frequency response of a sensor to acoustic waves of the type which normally
comes upon in acoustic emission work. The source producing the signal is used for the calibration that
increases on the same surface of the test block as the sensor under testing. The calibration represents
primarily of the sensor sensitivity to Rayleigh waves. The sensitivity of the sensor is determined for
excitation within the range of 1000 KHz to 1KHz. The sensitivity value is usually determined at frequency
approximately 1 KHz apart. The AE sources are generally from high intensity stress zones, cracks or
defects in the materials under mechanical loads. The acoustic sound signals generated in the dynamic
load conditions like burst or continuous emissions must be correlated with parameters such as velocity,
time and displacement within the testing system. AE - 4 Channel Acoustic Emission Detection System
(procured from Physical Acoustic Corporation, USA) with various frequency band sensors covering wide
range is used in this study for the calibration procedure establishment. AE sensors are arranged in vector
and matrix mode for signal analysis through AE parameters.
In order to deduce physical description of AE sources from recorded waveforms, a well characterized and
calibrated AE sensor is required for study of signal analysis. The present paper reports the estimation of
the physical quantity measured by the sensor i.e., velocity of material under test. Subsequently, AE source
is used for sound signal to travel in the material such that velocity of the material is calculated by manual
displacement and time mode. Calibration of sensors is evaluated by shear velocity and experimental
standardization studied by the arrangement of different kinds of sensors namely - R6, WS , PK15I and
PK6I. The calibration procedure and standardization for testing of the materials is established and
reported.

Keywords: AE Parameters, Sensors, Calibration, Standardization

4
 Dependence of macro-scale response of fibrous materials on
polygonal arrangement of fibers
Sagar Deshmukha, Sripriya Ramamoorthya,a
a
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, 400076, India

Abstract

Absorption characteristics of fibrous material inherently depend on the microscopic shapes and the
dimensions of the fibers. Periodic Unit Cell (PUC) modelling approach is used for the optimization of
arrangements of fibers. Periodic hexagonal and square arrangement of fibers is considered here for study.
Five Johnson and Champoux-Allard (JCA) parameters and the transmission loss is computed to evaluate
the effect of these two structure configurations. Steady Stokes and electric boundary value problem has
been solved for estimation of the air flow resistivity, tortuosity and viscous characteristic length while
porosity and thermal characteristic length are estimated directly from mesh geometry. Paper underlines
the effects due to the change in fiber arrangements on to absorption characteristics of 50 mm thick sample
size of the rigid porous medium. It is observed that for equal centric diameter of fibers hexagonal
configuration yields better transmission loss compared to square configuration of fibers over frequency
range of 0 to 8 kHz.

Keywords: PUC; transmission loss; porosity; air flow resistivity; tortuosity; thermal characteristic
length; viscous characteristic length.

5
 Experimental Study of Sound Transmission through Wooden
Doors of Different Combinations
Kirti Soni, Mahavir Singh, Yudhisther K. Yadav
A & V Metrology, PMM Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi-110012

Abstract
This paper presents the results of a series of doors tests to estimate the sound transmission loss through a
different combination of the wooden door system. The main aim of this study is to design such a system
using wooden door panels that can provide significant noise reduction. The other objective of this study
is to evaluate typical office / home doors including the effect of minor modifications that could increase
the noise reduction provided by the door system.

Keywords: Acoustics materials; Sound Transmission loss, Sound Transmission class

E-mail: soniks@nplindia.org mahavir@nplindia.org

6
 Acoustic analysis of timbre of Sarasvati Veena in comparison to
simple sonometer
Chandrashekhar Chauhana, P. M. Singrua, Radhika Vathsan b,
a
Department of Mechanical Engineering, BITS Pilani K K Birla Goa Campus, NH17B Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India
b
Department of Physics, BITS Pilani K K Birla Goa Campus, NH17B Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India

Abstract

We characterize the timbre of the Sarasvati Veena, a traditional Indian string instrument, by analysing
the sound spectrum and the energy distribution with different frequencies as a function of time. We
compare the acoustic analysis with that of a simple sonometer. We find that while the spectrum consists
of the fundamental and harmonics of a plucked string under tension, the Veena shows a prominent
formant near the resonant frequency of the body. But more notable is the behaviour of the higher
harmonics (upper partials) which share substantial energy and show a characteristic revival with time, in
contrast to sonometer spectrum.

Keywords: Acoustic analysis; Indian string instrument; spectrum; timbre; formant.

7
 Predicting the acoustical characteristics of reticulated periodic
foam
Vinayak Agarwala , Sripriya Ramamoorthya
a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India

Abstract

Foams are widely used in vibrational control and acoustics applications. Selecting foams for a given
acoustic application such as, for example, automotive interior, requires experimental determination of
their Johnson Champoux-Allard (JCA) parameters, especially when semi-empirical models such as
proposed by Dunn and Davern (1986) are not sufficient. Experimental determination of JCA parameters
for a foam sample involves expensive and complex set ups. Furthermore, the designer is limited to
commercially available foams that are not necessarily optimal for the specific application.
Our objective is to use microscopic properties to design periodic foams with predictable macro
characteristics for specific acoustics applications. In the present work, we take the unit cell approach to
predict the JCA parameters, similar to Perrot et al (2008). Two different types of unit cell
configurations viz. BCC and FCC are studied for different pore sizes. The JCA parameters so
determined are used to predict foam macro scale characteristics such as absorption coefficient and
characteristic impedance.

Keywords: Acoustics; Porous materials; reticulated foam; noise control; unit cell; representative volume
element;
bramamoor@iitb.ac.in

8
 Is Breathiness a Normal Component of Female Voice? An
Inquiry Using Electroglottography
Authors: Yeshoda K.a, Reshli Y.V.b, Spoorthi N.c, & Runali P.d
a Reader in Speech Sciences, AIISH. Mysuru.b Postgraduate Student in AIISH, Mysuru.,c Postgraduate student in AIISH, Mysuru.
d Postgraduate student in AIISH, Mysuru

Abstract
Breathiness is a prominent feature of numerous pathological conditions (Colton & Casper, 1990). There
is some evidence that breathy quality maybe a social marker of female gender among English speakers
(Watt & Klatt, 1990; McKay, 1987). Earlier studies have used videostroscopy and DEGG to detect the
presence of posterior glottic chink; while the presence of correlation, if any, within the parameters of
EGG was not attempted earlier. Hence, here it is attempted to see if the EGG parameters are sensitive to
detect the presence of breathiness in the voice of healthy adult females. 30 healthy females in the age
range of 18-25 years were considered. Open quotient and contact quotient were measured. Correlation
between OQ, CQ and mean pitch were analysed. Results showed that there was a statistical significance
(-0.97) and negative correlation between OQ and CQ. While there was no significant correlation between
mean pitch and contact quotient or open quotient.
Keywords: Electroglottgram; Females, Contact Quotient

9
 Acoustic Analysis of Voice of Temple Priests
Priyadharshini Va, Vasupradaa Ma,Yeshoda Kb
a Second year MSc (SLP) Students;
b Reader in Speech Sciences & Head of Department of Speech-Language Sciences,
All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore-06, Karnataka

Abstract
Professional voice users include singers, teachers, actors, professional speakers, and other entertainers.
There are a group of non-elite voice users such as priests, vendors, bus conductors, etc., who are also
dependent on their voice for daily living. Temple priests who chant Vedas and mantras the whole day,
without any form of amplification are at higher risk. Vedas are the foundational literature of Hinduism
and it refers to infinitely large collection of mantras. The acoustical characteristics, in addition to the clear
phonetic articulation of chants, have deep impact on the devotees. For the renditions to be clear and for
it have an impact, the priests unknowingly tend to put more effort into it. To assess the voice
characteristics, perceptual and objective measures have been used extensively. Acoustic analysis is one
of the gold standard measures to quantify the voice parameters. The literature mostly concentrates on the
vocal load in elite professional voice users. Studies on priests are predominantly in terms of awareness
of their voice problems through the use of questionnaires and majority involved church priests. There are
minimal studies done using quantitative acoustic analysis on voice among temple priests.
Hence, this study aimed, to investigate variations in acoustic measures across different tasks (Reading,
Monologue and Chanting)
Method: 14 temple priests, in the age range of 35-55 years, who had undergone standard gurukula
training, with minimum 5 years of experience were selected. All of them were native speakers of Tamil
language. It was made sure that all the participants had only the occupation of being a temple priest,
without any other sources of employment, in order to avoid the bias. The participants did the following
tasks, namely, reading, chanting and monologue in their habitual manner. The voice samples were
recorded using a digital recorder (Olympus LS= 100) in a quiet environment in the temple. Acoustic
analysis was done using Real Time pitch software from CSL4500.Results indicated that the mean
frequency range; perturbations were noticeably higher compared to other groups of professional voice
users. In general there was no trend noticed.
Keywords: Voice; Non-elite voice users; Vocal load; Temple priests; Acoustic analysis

10
 Acoustic analysis of infant cries: Well-born nursery infants v/s
preterm low birth weight infants
N Sreedevi, Shanbal C. Jayashree, K Arunraj, T Neetu, M Akshay
All India Institute of Speech and Hearing

Abstract
Infant cry is a sequence of behaviour patterns that is a part of a large behaviour repertoire of the infant
and the primary mode of expressing and communicating basic needs of neonates and young infants.
Acoustic analysis of infant cry has been a focus of clinical and developmental research in the recent years.
A cry of a newborn infant is the beginning of vocalization and has implications for the development of
speech and language milestones. Findings of several studies reveal the importance of cry as a useful
window for early detection of several diseases and communication disorders. The present study aimed to
compare the acoustic parameters of cries in wellborn nursery babies and in preterm babies with low birth
weight (LBW). A total of 30 newborns with equal number of wellborn nursery and LBW newborn within
seven days of birth were considered for the study. The cry samples were analyzed acoustically using the
Praat software version 5.4.01, to acquire various pitch, intensity and formant measures. Statistical
analysis revealed significant difference in the acoustical parameters between the two groups. Results
revealed lower Fundamental Frequency, decreased Formant frequencies (F1 and F2), reduced Intensity
and decreased number of pulses (voiced component of the cry signal) in LBW infants when compared to
wellborn nursery babies. The findings could suggest the vital parameters that potentially differentiate the
specific high-risk population at an early stage.
Keywords: Infant cry, Low birth weight , Fundamental frequency, Formants

11
 A Comparison of Acoustic and Electrophysiological Measures in
Young Female Voice
Authors: Yeshoda K.a, Reshli Y.V.b, Spoorthi N.c, & Runali P.d
a Reader in Speech Sciences, AIISH. Mysuru.b Postgraduate Student in AIISH, Mysuru., c Postgraduate student in AIISH, Mysuru,d
Postgraduate student in AIISH, Mysuru

Abstract
Female voices are known to have breathiness as part of their normal voice characteristic. Attempts were
made in the past taking into considering the visual imaging processes (Sordersten et al, 1995) and
subjecting the electroglottography (EGG) Contact Quotient (CQ) parameter to a more detailed analysis
(Baer et al, 1983). In this paper we attempted to see a correlation in the acoustic parameters and
electrophysiological parameters. 30 young females participated in the study and phonation sample was
taken while EGG recordings were done simultaneously. The data was subjected to appropriate statistical
analysis and a correlation was seen in between the EGG parameters and MDVP parameters i.e. frequency,
jitter, shimmer and noise. The results indicated both the parameters complimented each other.
Keywords: Electroglottogram; MDVP; Females;

12
 Vowel Duration in L1 and L2 of Tamil adult Speakers: A
comparative study
Vasupradaa, Ma., Priyadharshini, Va., & Rajasudhakar., Rb
a Second year M.Sc (SLP) Students;
b Reader in Speech Sciences, Department of Speech Language Sciences,
All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore-06

Abstract
The study investigated duration of vowels in L1(Tamil) and L2 (English) as produced by the native Tamil
speakers. Effects of Language and gender, on the duration of vowels in L1 & L2 were examined. The six
vowels- /a/, /a:/, /i/, /i:/, /u/and /u:/ in the initial position of 12 Tamil and 12 English meaningful words
were targeted for the analysis. 5 males and 5 females ranging in age from 18-25 years who had Tamil as
their native language, uttered the stimuli words and the respective initial vowel durations were measured
using PRAAT software. Results indicated that the mean vowel duration of female participants were
significantly higher when compared to that of male participants. There was a significant difference
observed in vowel duration between L1 and L2. The L2 (Indian English) had longer vowel duration in 6
vowels compared to L1 (Tamil). This study can be attributed to the participants native language
influence and the pattern of second language acquisition. This also provides insights regarding the
difference in vowel duration among two different languages, that is a western language and a Dravidian
language.
Keywords: Vowel duration; Tamil; Indian-English; Gender difference; Acoustic analysis.

13
 Durational Characteristics for Hindi Vowel Sandhi Speech
Database
Rajeev Kumar Upadhyaya, Sanjay Kumarb, and Manoj Kumar Riyalc
a Department of Physics, V.A. Govt. Degree College, Atrauli Dist. Aligarh- 202280
b Physics Lecturer, Government Senior Secondary Boys School, Phagwara, Punjab
c Department of Physics, Government Post Graduate College, Kotdwara-246 149,
Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand,

Abstract
Sandhi is a process in which two or more words unite to form a compound word by undergoing some
modification. Developing programs that understand a natural language is a difficult task. Natural
languages are large. They contain infinity of different sentences. No matter how many sentences a person
has heard or seen, new ones can always be produced. Also, there is much ambiguity in a natural language.
Many words have several meanings and sentences can have different meanings in different contexts.
Compound words are created by joining an arbitrary number of existing words together, and a large
increase of the vocabulary size, and thus also to sparse data problems. Therefore the problem of
compound words poses challenges for many NLP applications. Developing a comprehensive annotated
and time-aligned speech database for a given spoken language is extremely important and essential to
understand the speech signal variability as well as to develop speech recognition and synthesis systems.
The speech database are highly language dependent as spoken speech depends upon the sound structure
of a given language and its supra segmental features. Each language has different types and numbers of
basic speech units (such as phonemes), different rules of phonetic pronunciation, syntactic and pragmatic
variations that affect the output of speech signal. Hence the databases have to be developed for all those
languages for which we would like to develop large databases for Indian languages and dialects. This
paper highlights the activity undertaken to measure the durational characteristics of Hindi Vowel Sandhi.
In present study we have tested on more than 200 words. Using the Rule based algorithm we have reported
an accuracy of 60-80% depending upon the number of rules to be implemented. SANDHIVICHEDA is
easy and interesting ways that can give entirely new dimension that add new way to traditional approach
to Hindi Teaching. It is very helpful for automatic speech recognition system of Hindi .
Keywords: Sandhi; Hindi; Durational Characteristics; Vowel.
Email: manoj.riyal@gmail.com

14
 Perceptual Judgments of Resonance, Understandability and
Acceptability in Children with Repaired Cleft Palate across
Words and Sentences
M. Pushpavathia, Ajish K Abrahamb, S.R. Mahadeva Pasannac, Girish K.Sd
a Professor and HOD, Department of Special Education, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysuru, Karnataka-570006
b Professor and HOD, Department of Electronics, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysuru, Karnataka-570006
c Professor,Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, IIT, Guwahati, Assam-781039
d JRF, Department of Electronics, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysuru, Karnataka-570006

Abstract
In children, even with early repair of cleft, speech errors such as hypernasality, atypical consonant
production and abnormal nasal airflow persist which affects overall speech intelligibility. Perceptual
evaluation is considered as the gold standard in the speech assessment of individuals with cleft lip and
palate. Speech intelligibility is an important and an essential measure of disordered speech, furthermore
it is a major goal of therapeutic intervention. Various factors such as resonance, understandability and
acceptability vary across stimuli. Hence the present study investigated resonance, understandability and
acceptability across stimuli (Words versus Sentences) through perceptual judgement and correlation
among the same was analysed. The evaluation included 20 native speakers of Kannada language with
repaired cleft palate in the age range of six to twelve years. The stimuli considered were ten meaningful
words and ten oral sentences, both loaded with pressure consonants in Kannada Language. Responses
were collected and were given to perceptual rating using Henningssons rating scale by three experienced
speech language pathologists. The results revealed no significant difference between words and sentences
across resonance, understandability and acceptability in paired test. Cronbachs alpha was computed for
words and sentences which indicated higher inter-judge reliability among the three judges ( > 0.70).
There was a significant correlation (p < 0.05) among resonance, understandability and acceptability in
both words as well as in sentences. Hence the current study concludes that resonance, understandability
and acceptability do not vary across stimuli.
Keywords: Repaired Cleft Lip and Palate, Resonance, Intelligibility, Understandability, Acceptability,
Henningssons Scale

15
Effect of number of LPCs and formant deletion methods of inverse
filtering on acoustic parameters of voice
Vimala J. K., Rashika Sharma, & Santosh M
All India Institute of Speech and Hearing
Manasagangothri, Mysuru-570006

Abstract
Acoustic analysis is one of the efficient, non-invasive, and quantitative methods of voice assessment. The
estimation of glottal flow parameters using acoustic analysis is achieved through the method of Inverse
Filtering (IF).This study aims at describing effects of the two available methods of inverse filtering-
Formant Based Inverse Filtering (FBIF) and Linear Prediction Based Inverse Filtering (LPBIF) on
acoustic parameters The effects of formant deletion and effects of number of LPCs on the various vocal
parameters Fundamental frequency based, intensity based, perturbation based and noise based
measures were studied. Phonation samples of /a/ at a comfortable pitch and loudness by 30 healthy
participants (15 males and 15 females) were recorded on to a PC in a noise free environment. In the
LPBIF based method, the recorded voice sample was analysed under five different conditions, i.e., by
varying the number of LPCs. The standard value of LPC used in the Vaghmi software is 18. However, in
the current study, the number of LPCs was set to 14, 16, 18, 20 and 22 respectively in each of the analysis
conditions with other settings remaining the same. In the FBIF based method, the recorded voice sample
was analysed under four different conditions, i.e., by deleting different formants from the sample.
Formant deletion was accomplished using manual methods.
The four conditions used were deletion of F1, deletion of F2, deletion of F3 and deletion of F1, F2 and
F3 formants. Acoustic parameters of F0, F0 min, F0 max, I0, I0 min, I0 max, JF0, JT0, RAP3, RAP5, SH
dB, APQ5, APQ11, HNR AND GNE were compared in all the different conditions mentioned above. A
non-parametric Friedmans test of differences among repeated measures was conducted. The results
revealed no change in the value measured across all conditions in both FBIF and LPBIF methods for the
parameters of F0, F0 min, F0 max, I0, I0 min and I0 max. Significant differences across the four formant
conditions under FBIF method were found on all perturbation and noise related measures i.e., JF0, JT0,
RAP3, RAP5, SHdB, APQ5, APQ11, HNR AND GNE. Significant differences across the five LPC
conditions were found only on the parameters SHdB, APQ5, APQ11, HNR and GNE.FBIF could be
assumed to be more sensitive than LPBIF as the differences across conditions in FBIF were significant
in all measured parameters unlike LPBIF where the differences were significant in only five of the
parameters. The pros and cons of using each of the two methods for acoustic analysis of voice are
discussed in the current study. Further research needs to be done to investigate effect of varied parameters
of inverse filtering in disordered population.
Keywords: Acoustic analysis; Inverse Filtering; Vaghmi; Voice; LPC; Formant based inverse filtering

16
 Role of acoustic cues in conveying emotion in speech
Jasdeep Kaura, Dr. Kailash Juglana and Dr. Vishal Sharmab
a Lovely Professional University,
b Punjab, Panjab University Chandigarh
Abstract
The word acoustic is a Greek word, which means able to be heard. Many researchers have been
performed experiments to detect emotions from the given speech sample in forensic sciences But in Hindi
and Punjabi not so much work has been done. An individuals emotional state as well as its linguistic
configuration can be determined from humans speech. Both prosodic as well as phonetic features play
significant role in conveying emotion in speech. Latest research in speech identification leads to detection
of various acoustic cues. The proposed work gives the study of different phonetic as well as prosodic
parameters (Fundamental frequency, Pitch, Intensity, vowel length, gap duration, Voice onset time) to
detect emotions from Hindi and Punjabi speech which includes happiness, sad, anger, surprise ,fear and
neutral. Hindi and Punjabi digits were used as sample for machine recognition by neural network
classifiers by PRAAT.
Keywords: Emotional speech recognition, Intonation, Neural net classifiers

17
 Perception of Amplification on Punjabi Nasal Consonants
Nasalence Score
Dr. Dharam Vir*, Vidushi Singh**, Puneet Sharma***, Dr. Harmesh Kumar,****
Dr. Saraswati Gupta,***** A.K.Gupta,****** Dr. Naresh K. Panda*******

Faculty Speech & Hearing Unit, Deptt. of Otorhinolaryngology, PGIMER, Chd. ** MASLP nd Year Speech & Hearing Unit, Deptt. of
Otorhinolaryngology, PGIMER, Chd. *** MASLP Speech & Hearing Unit, Deptt. Of Otorhinolaryngology, PGIMER, Chd.
****International Chairman, N.R. Institute Karuna Sadan, Sector-11, Chd. *****Executive Director, N.R. Institute Karuna Sadan, Sector-11,
Chd. ******Professor and Head (II) of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, PGIMER, Chd. ******* Professor and Head of the
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, PGIMER, Chd.

Abstract
NEED FOR THE STUDY: Many studies have examined the speech of the deaf
population, specifically concerning abnormally high fundamental frequency, lack of respiratory support.
AIM:
1. To examine the perception of a hearing-aid on nasalance scores by evaluating nasalance in a prefitting
condition and in a post fitting condition.
2. To compare the perception of Punjabi nasal consonants obtained nasalance scores of hearing - impaired
participants in the post fitting conditions with the nasalance scores of normal hearing participants.

METHODOLOGY: Experimental group 11 participants (6males & 5 females) and control group was
having 12 patients (5 males & 7 females) 12 Punjabi nasal words from standardized Punjabi Articulation
Test (PAT) were chosen as stimuli.
INSTRUMENT: Dr. Speech Software in a noise free environment.
RESULTS: There was a significant difference of perception between nasalence values of experimental
group and control group. After provision of amplification the nasalence values were found to have
decreased in hearing impaired individuals.
DISCUSSION: During the perception of amplification the feedback loop is complete and the subject
monitors the nasality of their own speech. There by decreasing the perception of nasality of their speech.
CONCLUSION: This suggests that velopharyngeal closure is more accurate when perception of auditory
feedback, and possibly other sensory information, is increased.

Keywords: Punjabi Articulation Test, Hearing-aid, Nasalance

18
 Change in Throat Temperature and Fundamental Frequency of
Voice Before and After Vocal Loading: A Comparative Study
Lokheshwar. Sa. & Rajasudhakar, Rb
a Research Officer, Department of Speech-Language Sciences, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Manasagangothri, Mysore-570006,
India.
b Reader in Speech Sciences, Department of Speech-Language Sciences, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Manasagangothri,
Mysore-570006, India

Abstract
Summary, Objectives: Infrared thermography (IRT) is used to detect on the surface and sub-surface and
on-line monitoring of process [1]. Vocal loading has been defined as acoustic changes in the voice as a
result of prolonged voice use [2]. The primary objective of the study was to determine any difference in
change in temperature (near the neck region) and fundamental frequency (F0) pre and post loud reading
and comparison between males and females.
Methods: The study included two groups of participants; Group I consisted of 5 phono-normal males
and Group II consisted of 5 age matched phono-normal females. Participants were asked to read a material
of their interest in English loudly for 40 minutes. Participants in both the groups were asked to sustain
phonation of vowel /a/ for two times i.e. pre and post reading. Change in temperature was captured at the
throat region using a thermal imaging camera and Fundamental frequency (F0) was measured using
PRAAT software. Change in temperature and F0 were compared between pre and post reading phases
and between the groups.
Results: Change in temperature and F0 was found to be increased in both the groups. Group II had
relatively higher values compared to Group I indicating increased rate of vocal fold movement in females
(GroupII).
Conclusions: The study found subtle differences in both increase in temperature and increase in F0
between the groups after prolonged loud reading which needs to be further strengthened with more
number of participants.
Keywords: Thermal imaging; Infrared thermography; Vocal load; Prolonged loud reading; and
Fundamental frequency
Corresponding author: lokhesh123@gmail.com

19
 Speech Rhythm in Kannada Speaking Children Aged 9-12 Years
Savithri, S. R.a, Sreedevi, N.b, Manisha, Hegdeab, Sheba Merin Jacobab
a Former Director, All India Institute of Speech Hearing, Manasagangothri, Mysuru -570006
b Professor in Speech Sciences;a,b,1;a,b,2,Research Officers, Department of Speech Language Sciences, All India Institute of Speech
Hearing, Manasagangothri, Mysuru -570006

Abstract
Rhythm, one of the prosodic features, refers to an event which repeats regularly over a period of time.
Different languages have different rhythmic characteristics and are organized under syllable-timed,
stress-timed, and mora-timed. However, rhythm in children is not much investigated. The present study
explored the type of speech rhythm in 90 (15 boys and 15 girls in each age group) typically developing
Kannada speaking children in the age range of 9 to 12 years using fundamental frequency (F0) and
intensity (I0) measurements. Picture stimuli developed, depicting simple stories were used to elicit a five
minute speech sample from the participants and it was recorded using a digital audio recorder. Using
Praat Software, the utterances were analyzed to extract maximum F0 and I0 for each vocalic and
intervocalic interval. The normalized Pair wise Variability Index (NPVI) for F0 and I0 were calculated.
On an NPVI-vocalic/intervocalic plane, data points falling less than 0.5 were considered to reflect low
NPVIs. Considering F0 and I0 as the identifying feature of rhythm, results revealed that both genders
showed low vocalic and intervocalic NPVIs, which is indicative of mora-timed rhythm.
Keywords: Rhythm; Pair wise Variability Index; syllable-timed; stress-timed; mora-timed; Kannada

20
 Effect of Variability in Talkers on Spoken Word Recognition and
Recall
Pooja C.*, Sumanth P.*, & Rajasudhakar R. **
*Post Graduation (SLP) students;
**Reader in Speech Sciences, Department of Speech-Language Sciences;
All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore-06, Karnataka, India

Abstract
How do listeners integrate temporally distributed phonemic information into coherent representations of
syllables and words when it is spoken by different speakers the same linguistic units? In day to day life,
individuals must comprehend speech produced by many different talkers (Hager, & Amanda, 2013).
Perceptual invariance of speech signal evolves an interesting topic to study among single and multiple
talkers. Little, however, is known about the influence of talker variances in spoken word recall ability in
Indian context. The present study aims to evaluate the spoken word recognition and recall ability under
single and multi-talker variations in adult neuro-typical individuals. 30 participants (1 5 males and 1 5
females) whose age was between 18 to 21 years were chosen for the study where each of them were
presented with word list of single (List A) and multi talkers (List B) in Kannada. Results indicated that
the participants were able to recall more number of words from List A compared to List B. Study re
affirms the serial order position effect where, participants were able to recall words better in initial and
final position of a list than the middle ones. These results provide new insights for the perceptual
constancy and its difficulty if the words are spoken by multiple speakers.
Keywords: Spoken word recognition, recall ability, word perception, talker variability.

21
Evaluation of temporal resolution around the tinnitus frequency in
adults with tonal tinnitus
Prithivi.T*, Udhayakumar.R* & Prashanth Prabhu**
*Second year MSc (Audiology) Students;
**Lecturer in audiology,
All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore-06, Karnataka

Abstract
Objective: The perceptual characteristics of tinnitus are usually assessed by a matching procedure, where
loudness and pitch of an external sound are matched to those of the tinnitus percept. For a complete
assessment of tinnitus, central auditory processing abilities should be considered in addition to other
routine evaluation. Temporal processing is one of the important auditory processing skills that are
essential for complex higher level auditory processing. The gap detection test (GDT) and duration
discrimination test are relatively simple psychoacoustic methods of measuring temporal resolution [1].
Hence, the present study aimed at finding the duration discrimination threshold in tinnitus patients at the
tinnitus frequency and half an octave above and below the frequency of tinnitus perception.
Method: 15 participants with normal or minimal hearing loss with tinnitus in the age range of 18 to 40
years were enrolled in the present study. Duration discrimination test was administered on all the
participants using MATLAB software (MLP toolbox) at the matched tinnitus frequency, half an octave
below & above the frequency.
Results: The results of the study revealed that there was a significant increase in duration discrimination
thresholds at the tinnitus frequency compared to half an octave above and below the matched frequency.
The result suggests that temporal resolution abilities are affected at the tinnitus frequency in individuals
with tinnitus.
Conclusions: The results of the study suggest that the temporal processing ability is affected in
individuals with tinnitus especially at the frequency of tinnitus.
Keywords: Tinnitus, temporal resolution, Duration discrimination test
* Corresponding author: Prithivi.T; Tel.: 9500355994
E-mail address: prithiviarasu@gmail.com

22
 Entropic Analysis of Garhwali Text
Manoj Kumar Riyalaa, Rajeev Kumar Upadhyayb and Sanjay Kumarc
a Department of Physics, Government Post Graduate College, Kotdwara-246 149, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand,
b Department of Physics, V.A. Govt. Degree College, Atrauli Dist. Aligarh- 202280
c Physics Lecturer, Government Senior Secondary Boys School, Phagwara, Punjab

Abstract
In present study, a systematic statistical analysis has been performed by the use of words in
continuous Garhwali speech corpus. There is a quantitative relation between the role of content
words in Garhwali and the Shannon information entropy defined over an appropriate probability
distribution. Without assuming any previous knowledge about the syntactic structure of
language, we are able to cluster certain groups of words according to their specific role in the
text. We have taken finite continuous corpus of Garhwali language. The frequency of
occurrences of words is almost an inverse power law functions and very close to 1.
Keywords: Entropy; Garhwali; Rank; Frequency.

Email: sanjaychadha54@gmail.com

23
 Continuous Speech Recognition Technologies-A Review
Shobha Bhatt, Dr.Anurag Jain, Dr. Amita Dev
U.S.I.C.T , GuruGobind Singh Indraprastha University Sector -16, Dwarka, Delhi, India
U.S.I.C.T , GuruGobind Singh Indraprastha University Sector -16, Dwarka, Delhi, India
Bhai Parmanad Institute of Business Studies
Shakurpur ,Delhi, India

Abstract
Speech Recognition is the most emerging field of research as speech is the natural way of communication.
This paper presents different technical aspects used for continuous speech recognition. The structure of
Speech Recognition system with different stages was described. Different feature extraction techniques
for developing speech recognition system have been described. Due to the vital role of language modeling
in speech recognition, various aspects of language modeling in speech recognition were investigated.
Widely used classification techniques for developing speech recognition system were discussed.
Importance of Speech corpus during speech recognition process was presented. Speech recognition tools
for analysis and development purpose were explored. Parameters of speech recognition system testing
were discussed. Finally, a comparative study was listed for different technological aspects of speech
recognition.
Keywords: Continuous speech recognition, feature extraction, classification, language model

24
Neuro-physiological correlates of voice onset time in Kannada and
Tamil speaking
Jayakumar T.*, Vijay Kumar Narne.**
*Department of Speech-Language Sciences, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing,

ABSTRACT
Voice Onset Time (VOT) refers to the time difference between two events one articulatory and the
other laryngeal. VOT is measured as the time difference between the onset of the burst (articulatory event)
and the onset of vocal fold vibration (laryngeal event) Lisker (1964). The cross linguistic variation with
respect to voicing perception is more in multilingual country like India. For example in Tamil language
there is no good distinction between voiced and unvoiced stops; however in Kannada, Telugu and Hindi
there exist a difference. To verify the cross linguistic difference, the behavioral response for VOT
continuum in native Kannada and Tamil speakers, and the neuro-physiological changes for VOT
continuum in native Kannada and Tamil speakers was taken as objective of the study. Two group of
subjects where participated in the study. Group I consisted of ten male Kannada speakers in the age range
of 20-35 years. All the subjects were native speaker of Kannada language and they belongs to Mysore
dialect and they are fluent speaker in Kannada only. All thought they were expose to English, they were
not fluent speaker of English or Hindi. Group II consisted of ten male Tamil speakers in the age range of
20-35 All the subjects were native speaker of Tamil language and they belongs to Coimbatore / Chennai
dialect and they are fluent speaker in Tamil only. All thought they were expose to English, they were not
fluent speaker of English or Kannada or Hindi. From the naturally recorded speech sounds, /da-ta/
continuum was created using copy past synthesis method. This continuum had 10 tokens. Using this
stimulus, behavioral identification curve was generated. Also electrophysiological, N100 potential was
recorded using Neuro scan instrument (Compumedies, AUS) with 5 tokens, which covers the entire
dynamic range of the /da-ta/ continuum. The recording was done with 16 channels. The behavioral result
showed there was difference between Tamil and Kannada language, however, electrophysiological results
showed there was a change with N100 latency with changing VOT but there was no language difference
was found. The author concluded that N100 may not be effective measure to indicate to represent the
voice /voiceless categorical perception, May be higher potential might give better information.
Keywords: VOT, Neuroscan, categorical perception

E mail: jayakumar82@gmail.com

25
 Effect of Age on Formant Frequencies in
Kannada Speakers
Namitha Va, Namratha Vb, and Rajasudhakar.Rc
a BASLP-Internship student; b I MSLP student; c Reader in speech science
Dept. of Speech-Language Sciences
All India Institute of Speech & Hearing, Mysore.

Abstract
Formants are the concentration of the acoustic energy around a frequency in the speech wave. Kaur and
Vanitha Narang (2015) has noted the variation of pitch and formants in the different age group in the
English language. The current study aimed to find the relation between the aging and formant frequency
(F1 and F2) in the Kannada language. The methodology of the study involved 8 males and 8 females (2
of 8-10 years of age, 2 of 18-20 years of age, 2 of 48-50 years of age, 2 of above 60 years of age) who
were native Kannada speakers. The participants were instructed to repeat the non-sense words V1CV2 in
which V2 was /a/ always. V1 consisted of 3 short vowels and 3 long vowels. The non-sense words used
were aka, ika, uka, a: ka, i:ka and u:ka. The subjects were asked to repeat thrice. In total, 288 tokens were
collected for the study. The speech sample is recorded in the Praat software in an acoustically treated
room and being the microphone placed 3 cm away from the mouth. The mean of the F1 and F2 of the
steady part of the initial vowel (V1) excluding the onset and offset of the three trials are considered. Then
the F1 and F2 were compared across the age group and gender. The present study found that the F1 and
F2 decreases as age increases in both males and females.
Keywords: Formant frequency; vowels; Kannada; Acoustic analysis; Aging effect.

*Corresponding author: namitha1202@gmail.com

26
 Proactive Maintenance Approach by Adopting Advanced
Condition monitoring techniques at DTPS
Hemant Bari, Atul Deshpande, Suhas Patil.
Department of Maintenance Planning, Condition Monitoring Cell, Reliance Infrastructure,
Dahanu Thermal Power Station, 2x250MW, Dahanu -401608, Mumbai..

Abstract
Dahanu Thermal Power Station (DTPS - 2 x 250 MW) of Reliance Infrastructure is one of the best power
generation plants in the country, which commenced its commercial operations in January 1996.
Recognized with innumerable awards, this power plant is known for its distinctive features that set it
apart from others in terms of technological innovation, international performance & sustainability for a
longer period. The plant has strategically adopted Coordinated Condition Monitoring as one of the key
maintenance management practices & monitored on the basis of criticality index to ensure high plant
availability through various Condition Monitoring techniques Dahanu Thermal Power Station (DTPS - 2
x 250 MW) of Reliance Infrastructure is one of the best power generation plants in the country, which
commenced its commercial operations in January 1996. Recognized with innumerable awards, this power
plant is known for its distinctive features that set it apart from others in terms of technological
innovation, international performance & sustainability for a longer period. The plant has strategically
adopted Coordinated Condition Monitoring as one of the key maintenance management practices &
monitored on the basis of criticality index to ensure high plant availability through various Condition
Monitoring techniques Fig. 1- Dahanu TPS 2x250MW this paper shares a success story out of the
Implementation of Condition Monitoring techniques, wherein imminent
Pump internal detoriation of Sea Water Pump 03 was diagnosed. Condition Monitoring techniques
Noise Monitoring & Vibration Analysis helped in diagnosing the exact root cause of abnormity of
knocking sound from Pump & abnormal vibration frequencies at 480 & 720 rpm during load condition
at early stage & thus avoided the catastrophic failure of pump.
Noise Measurement played an indicative role by initiating the source of abnormality. It is a very
powerful diagnostic tool & Every Condition Monitoring analyst should use to improve vibration analysis
accuracy. This has saved the plant from huge losses in terms of generation & unplanned breakdown time .

Fig. 1- Dahanu TPS 2x250MW

KeyWords: Noise & Vibration Monitoring

27
 Noise and Vibration reduction in a Hermetic Reciprocating
Compressor using a Damped Connecting rod
Pritum Suthara, Dhanesh Manikb
a Satellite Application Center, ISRO, Ahmedabad 380015
b IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076

Abstract
Noise and vibration have been the major problem for reciprocating compressors. This study aims at
reducing the transmission of vibration through the reciprocating mechanism to the radiating surface by
providing damping in the path. Transmission path analysis of the hermetic compressor shows that piston-
connecting rod-crank-casing is the dominant vibration transmission path. Connecting rod is the floating
link and hence effective attenuation can be obtained by changing its dynamic properties. An ABS polymer
rod was used in place of the existing forged metal connecting rod. FRF calculation, vibrational velocity
spectrum measurement at the shell surface and SPL measurement in an anechoic room were carried out
in order to evaluate the effect of the new connecting rod. All the three experimental methods confirm that
vibrations and A-weighted noise levels have reduced by 2-3 dB in the bands above 1 kHz. Limitations
associated with the use of ABS Plastic rod are low strength, high temperature sensitivity, and low
machining tolerances. A similar modification which involves connecting rod made up of high damping
alloys can be used for noise reduction of similar machines such as diesel engines.
Keywords: Hermetic Compressor, Connecting Rod, Transmission Path Analysis

28
 Experimental Studies on Twelve Bladed Fan Vibration
Considering Flexibility of Shaft
Shashank Shekhar Singha, Ahmad Ali Khanb
a. Department of Mechanical Engineering, JECRC, Jaipur-302005,Rajasthan, INDIA
b. Department of Mechanical Engineering, ZHCET, AMU, Aligarh-202002, UP, INDIA

Abstract
A fan rotor system can generate large amplitude blade-passing frequency (BPF) component if the gap
between rotating fans and stationary diffusers is not equal. A series of experiments were conducted in
this study using Spectra Quests Machinery Fault Simulator (MFS) to observe the behavioral changes of
the BPF and its harmonics before and after installing an obstruction nearby an axial fan. In order to
incorporate the flexibility of the shaft a modification in the existing setup (MFS-LITE) has been designed
and fabricated. The whole study is divided into two parts, in first part readings were taken without
considering the effect of flexibility of shaft and for performing this, shaft of smaller length is taken and
in second part readings were taken with a longer shaft in order to incorporate the effect of flexibility
during experimentation. The result shows that the obstruction had an obvious and consistent effect on the
1BPF and 2BPF components for the axial fan rotor system.
Keywords: Blade-passing frequency (BPF), Machinery Fault Simulator (MFS), Flexibility, Fan.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +91 9720904388

E-mail address:shashank.me@jecrc.ac.in

29
 Application of acoustic emissions in mechanical engineering: a
review
Syed Faraz Hassan, Nabeel Hidayat, Taliv Hussain, Ashad Ahmad and Adnan Hafiz
Mechanical Engineering Department, ZHCET, AMU, Aligarh-202002, UP, India.

Abstract
The utilization of acoustic emission (AE) technique for the detection, evaluation and monitoring of
damage in structures used in various fields has become a popular choice. This is due to the credibility
and reliability that this field has established as a non-destructive method of testing. Its individuality in
the form of its passive method of detection makes its usage novel and unique. It is highly effective in
detecting cavitation in leaks in hollowed objects. AE has established its efficiency in finding out
fractures as well as monitoring them in various objects such as fiberglass, metals, composites etc. The
various applications of acoustic emissions in mechanical engineering are reviewed and compiled in this
paper.
Keywords: Acoustic emission (AE), non-destructive test (NDT), mechanical engineering

30
 Dynamic analysis for healthy and defective gears: A review
Swati Gautama *, Sidra Khanamb, N. Tandonc
a, c ITMMEC, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
b Department of Mechanical engineering, ZHCET, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002

Abstract
There are ample literatures addressing the dynamic analysis for gears. In this paper some important
literatures on dynamics of both healthy gears and gears with defects have been reviewed. Dynamic
analysis of gears is significant from condition monitoring point of view. Single degree of freedom
dynamic model for spur gears has been detailed first. Dynamic study for worm gear with force analysis
has been reported. Also, the effect of defects like crack and spall on dynamic behavior of gears studied
by researchers has been included in this review. Study of defect model can be utilized in improving the
efficiency of the system and preventing the failures in industries as well.
Keywords: Vibration; healthy and defective gears; dynamic models

Corresponding Author: swatigautam002@gmail.com

31
 AA Simultaneous EEG and EMG study to quantify emotions
Hindustani Uddalok Sarkar1, Soumyadeep Pal1, Sayan Nag1, Shankha Sanyal2, Archi Banerjee3
1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Jadavpur University
2 Sir C.V. Raman Centre for Physics and Music, Jadavpur University
3 Departments of Physics, Jadavpur University
Abstract

With the advent of various techniques to assess the bioelectric signals on the surface of the body, it has
become possible to develop various Human-Computer interface systems. In this study, for the first time
a cross- correlation based data is reported for two-different types of bio-signals viz. EEG
(Electroencephalography) and EMG (Electromyography). Whereas EEG refers to the neuro-electric
impulses generated in the brain recorded in the form of electric potentials, EMG records the activation
potentials of the muscle cells when they contract or relax. The ability of Hindustani Music (HM) to evoke
a wide range of emotional experience in its listeners is widely known. For this
study, we took simultaneous EEG and EMG data of 5 participants while they listened to two Hindustani
ragas of contrast emotion namely Chayanat (corresponding to happy/joy) and Darbari Kanada
(corresponding to sad/pathos) emotion. We make use of two latest signal processing algorithms Wavelet
based power spectra and cross-correlation coefficient to assess the arousal based activities in response to
the acoustic clips in the two different bio-signals. For the first time, an attempt is being made to quantify
and categorize musical emotions using EMG signal and an attempt to correlate that with the EEG signals
obtained from brain. The alpha, theta and gamma frequency range in the frontal and parietal electrodes is
found to be the most responsive in case of musical emotions.
The EMG response has been studied by segregating the entire signal into different frequency ranges as is
done in case of EEG frequency bands. Interestingly, the response in case of EMG data is strongest in the
same frequency bands as that of EEG signals. Novel pitch detection algorithm has also been applied to
EMG signals to ratify the rationale behind the separation of frequency bands. This is the first of its kind
study which looks for categorization and quantification of musical emotions using simultaneously two
different bio-signals with the help of robust mathematical analysis. The results and implications have
been discussed in detail.
Keywords: EEG; EMG; Hindustani Classical Music; Musical Emotion; Wavelet Transform

32
 A review study of acoustic space partitioning of bird songs in
varied environment
Ankita Das
Wildlife Institute of India, P.O-18, Chandrabani, Dehradun.

Abstract
Many animals use acoustics as a key element for communication. This communication occurs through
acoustic space. It is a limited resource which organisms compete for. There are chances of masking of
information if the acoustic signals overlap. So they might develop specific strategies to partition this
acoustic space to reduce interference of these signals. There is scant information about such coordinated
adjustments. Birds are acoustically active organisms. This work projects how birds avoid background
acoustic interference in both natural forested areas (intraspecific, interspecific, other taxa interference,
and type of forest, abiotic noise) and urban landscapes (anthropogenic disturbances) by short-term
changes in their vocalization.
Keywords: bird songs; ambient noise; acoustic space; acoustic competition; acoustic partitioning; temporal
partitioning; spectral partitioning; Lombard effect; song redundancy.

E-mail address: ankitadas@wii.gov.in

33
 Thermo-acoustical study of inter molecular interactions in the
mixtures of ethylene glycol and glycerol at temperature 298 K.
Kirandeep Kaur and Dr. Kailash Juglan
LPU

Abstract
The ultrasonic velocity and density measurements are carried out in mixtures of ethylene glycol and
glycerol at different concentrations to estimate the type of interaction prevailing in the mixture. The
acoustic parameters such as acoustic impedance, adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length,
molar volume, available volume, and enthalpy are calculated based upon experimentally measured
values. The variation in these parameters is illustrated with graphical representation and has been
discussed in the form of inter-molecular interactions in the present mixtures.
Keywords: Density, ultrasonic velocity, acoustic impedance, inter-molecular interactions

kirandeep811@yahoo.in

LPUkc.juglan@lpu.co.in

34
 Rayleigh Type Acoustic Streaming In a Porous Media
"Neetu Srivastavaa, Yasser Rafatb"
"a Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kasavanahalli, Carmelaram, Bengaluru City,560035"
"b Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh,202001

Abstract
We have implemented a theory developed by Srivastava[1], involving the propagation of a wave in a
porous medium for boundary layer analysis of flow structures. It was shown in [1] that the velocity of the
steady flow outside the boundary layer was independent of viscosity but was dependent on permeability.
Through this paper we ried presenting practical implication of the derived result by discussing one
illustration: a case in which an external standing wave is imposed in the transverse direction with respect
to the main flow. It was found that the flow may be described using the three non-dimensional parameters.
Streamline behavior was plotted for the volumetric flow rate analysis of the problem.
Keywords: Porous media; Acoustic wave; Boundary layer.

35
 Thermoacoustic Refrigeration System: An Emerging Green
Technology
Ashad Ahmad, Taliv Hussain, Mohammad Faizan and Adnan Hafiz
Mechanical Engineering Department, ZHCET, AMU, Aligarh-202002, UP, India.

Abstract
Current popular methods of refrigeration mostly use mechanical technology which involves a lot of
vibration and friction associated with the system due to many complicated moving parts. They are costly
to repair and more importantly the necessary refrigerants (like CFCs, HFCs and HCFCs) leak into the
atmosphere and deplete the protective ozone layer. Obviously, a better solution to our refrigeration needs
is required. Thermoacoustic refrigeration is an emerging green technology which provides refrigerating
effect by using high pressurized sound waves. This paper gives brief review of existing situation of
thermoacoustic refrigeration system, its applications in various fields and recent developments in
thermoacoustic refrigeration system. It also provides a comparative study between vapor compression
refrigeration system and thermo acoustic refrigeration system.
Keywords: Thermoacoustic refrigeration system, green technology, refrigerating effect

36
Studies Different Structure of Atmospheric Boundary Layer using
Monostatic SODAR
Nishant Kumara,*, Kirti Sonib, Ravinder Agarwala, Mahavir Singhb
a Thapar University, Patiala-147004
b CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi-110012

Abstract
The Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) was continuously monitored using Monostatic SODAR,
which
conducted at CSIR-NPL, New Delhi. In this paper, an effort has been made to review the studies in the
field of structure of ABL using SODAR echograms in Delhi during a special observation period of the
experiment. The change in weather conditions has been found to have definite imprints on the SODAR
observed the structure of ABL. In particular, it has been seen that dot echoes and spiky top layered
structures are different typical structures of the different season, which are associated with temperature,
wind speed, and relative humidity. Also, the knowledge of these structures is great to use in air
pollutants studies and dispersion model.
Keywords: SODAR, Atmospheric Boundary Layer, Different ABL Structure

*Corresponding Author: - 0175-2393064

Email: - nishant.kumar@thapar.edu

37
 Acoustic Signature of Square Cylinder in a Compressible Flow
Mohd Masoom Alia1 and Syed Fahad Anwarb2
1 Computational Aerodynamics Lab, MED, ZHCET, AMU, techmasoomali@gmail.com
2 Computational Aerodynamics Lab, MED, ZHCET, AMU, sfahadanwer@zhcet.ac.in

Abstract
The Aeolian tones radiated from structures are important in various engineering fields. For example, in
military and defense applications, it is used for detection and survivability. Aero acoustic noise is
increasingly used as a critical design variable in modern engineering designs. This in turn has led to an
increase in the research efforts aimed at numerical prediction of aerodynamic noise, often dubbed
Computational Aero-Acoustics (CAA). Numerical study of aerodynamically generated acoustic noise
was carried out. Simulations of 2D, laminar, and compressible, viscous flow were performed at Reynolds
Number (Re) [60, 200] and Mach no. (Ma) [0.2, 0.4]. Roe Flux-Difference Splitting Scheme was
used to solve the governing equations with finite volume differencing. The Least square cell based spatial
discretization scheme was used with second order upwind scheme for calculating convection terms.
Acoustic calculations were done using Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings (FW-H) formulation. Peak in the
receiver spectra match the dominant frequency in the lift force history. Sound Pressure level decreases
with decreasing flow velocity and Reynolds number. Acoustic peak frequency shifts towards higher
frequency value with increasing Mach number for all cases of Reynolds number. Sound pressure level
was observed to be higher downstream of the flow. Wide band noises at frequencies higher than the
fundamental frequency were observed to be the sub harmonics of the fundamental frequency of sound.
Keywords: Aeolian tones; Aero Acoustics; Mach No; Roe Flux-Difference; finite volume; Ffowcs-Williams and
Hawkings (FW-H); formulation;

1. Corresponding author. Tel.:+918126634354;

E-mail address: sfahadanwer@zhcet.ac.in

38
 Noise control of a marine propeller by modifying the skew angle
V Ramakrishnaa, D.A. Raob, Ch. Sankara Raoc,PVS Ganesh Kumard, T.Gunasekhare, V.Mani
kumarf
a Scientist E, Naval Science and Technological Laboratory, Visakhapatnam, India,530027.
b Scientist F, Naval Science and Technological Laboratory, Visakhapatnam, India, 530027.
c, d Scientist G, Naval Science and Technological Laboratory, Visakhapatnam, India, 530027.
e PG Student, JNTU Kakinada-University College of Engineering Vizianagaram,535003.
f Asst. Professor, JNTU Kakinada-University College of Engineering Vizianagaram,535003 .

Abstract
An underwater vehicle such as submarine, torpedo and AUV uses propeller for propulsion. The
significance of propeller is to develop thrust to propel the vehicle at its operational speed. The propeller
geometry and design is complicated involving many controlling parameters. The pressure difference is
produced on the propeller blade between the forward and rear surfaces which accelerates water behind
the blade. In addition to thrust generation, it creates noise which could be detected by the enemy. From
stealth point of view this noise is to be reduced. The present work is aimed at controlling the noise
generated by the propeller by changing skew angle of the propeller. The aim is to identify the skew angle
of a propeller at which propeller noise is least. Unsteady non-cavitating noise of marine propeller of 6
blades with +50 skew, +100 skew, +150 skew and +200 skew and existing propeller at rotating speed of
780 rpm and vehicle speed of 7.08 m/sec was predicted. The methodology adopted in CFD analysis is
eddy viscosity model of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Ffowcs WilliamsHawkings (FW-H)
formulation was used for acoustic analysis. From this numerical study on these propellers, it is found that
for the propeller under study, +150 skew angle generates least noise.
Keywords: Non-cavitating Noise, Marine Propeller, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Large Eddy
Simulation (LES), Ffowcs
Willams-Hawkings formulation (FW-H).

E-mail: ramakrishna.v@nstl.drdo.in

39
 Passive acoustic discovery of humpback whales off the coast of
Goa, India
Shyam Kumar Madhusudhana, Bishwajit Chakraborty
CSIR - National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004

Abstract
Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) have been known to occur in the Arabian Sea. The existing
knowledge about their presence along the Western coast of India is based on stranding data, sightings and
limited visual surveys. Humpback whales are known to vocalise underwater and they have a wide vocal
repertoire. Certain stereotyped vocalisations are associated with specific behaviours, e.g. feeding,
attracting mates, etc. As such, monitoring such aquatic fauna using acoustic methods helps gain insight
into their presence, behaviour and migratory patterns. Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) is a non-
invasive and cost effective alternative to visual-based monitoring methods. Underwater acoustic data
were collected around Grande Island off the coast of Goa, India using moored autonomous acoustic
recording equipment during March 2017 for nine days. The study site is a shallow-water off-reef area in
the vicinity of an estuary and a major shipping port. The recordings were analysed using a software
program that was developed in-house for providing visual representations (spectrograms) of spectro-
temporal variations in vocalisations. The analysis process was accelerated by employing an automatic
detection technique that extracts time-frequency contours of narrowband tonal signals. Humpback whale
vocalisations were discovered in six out of the nine days of recorded data. Over 5000 call units were
handpicked. The call units ranged from high frequency squeals to deep, low frequency rumbles and
contained mostly song calls.
Keywords: Bioacoustics, passive acoustic monitoring, marine science, underwater acoustics, cetaceans

40
 Impact of timing of surgery on the development of speech in
toddlers with repaired cleft lip and palate
M. Pushpavathi, Kavya V. , Akshatha V.
Department of Speech-Language Pathology,
All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysore, India

Abstract
Introduction: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is one of the most prevalent congenital deformities seen in
Indian children. This condition hinders effective communication in early childhood due to speech and
language difficulties. The development of speech and language is mainly based on the type and severity
of CLP and the age at which surgical intervention followed by speech therapy was initiated. Early
intervention plays an important role in enhancing the communication skills in children with CLP.
Objectives: The present study endeavors to compare and profile the speech characteristics of toddlers
with repaired cleft of lip and palate (RCLP) with respect to the frequency, type and pattern of speech
sound inventory of those who had undergone surgical intervention at an early age versus those who had
delayed surgery.
Participants: Six Kannada speaking toddlers in the age range of 2-3 years, who were diagnosed to have
expressive Language Delay secondary to repaired cleft of lip and/or palate were considered for the Early
Intervention Program. The six participants were placed into two groups based on the age of surgical
intervention. Thus there were three participants in the early intervention group (EIG - who underwent
surgery before 1.6 years of age) and three in the delayed intervention group (DIG - who underwent
surgery after 1.6 years of age).
Method: The baseline was established and measures such as type and pattern of the vowels and consonant
inventory were analyzed for toddlers in both the groups. Speech and language therapy was given for 20
sessions. Focused stimulation technique was used to enhance speech and language parameters. Post-
therapy measurement was done after 20 sessions.
Main outcome measures: Descriptive statistics was used to compare the differences in speech measures
for the pre-therapy and post-therapy conditions between early and delayed intervention groups.
Results: The results revealed certain points of interest. Although both groups showed an improvement in
the quality and quantity of phonetic inventory between pre- and post-therapy conditions, it was interesting
to note that the mean values in the EI group were consistently higher across phonemes when compared
to the DI group. The results clearly highlight the positive effects of early surgical and speech intervention.
The speech patterns of each group and the consequent implications have been discussed in detail.
Conclusions: The present study is one of the few attempts to investigate the impact of timing of surgical
correction on the development of phonetic inventory in children with CLP and also highlights the clinical
implications of early surgical and subsequent speech and language intervention.
Keywords: Cleft palate; Early intervention; Delayed intervention; Vowel and consonant inventory; Surgical
correction.

pushpa19@yahoo.co.in, kavya.vijayan@gmail.com,akshathavshwnth@gmail.com

41
 Acoustical Investigations of Rhodium metal
K. K. Pandey
Sharda University, Greater Noida

Abstract
Ultrasonic attenuation due to electron-phonon interaction, phonon-phonon interaction and thermoelastic
loss has been evaluated in IXth group rare transition metal Rhodium (Rh). Ultrasonic attenuation due to
electron-phonon interaction has been evaluated from 1K to 60K and also due to phonon-phonon
interaction in a wide temperature range (100K to 600K) for longitudinal and shear waves along <100>,
<110> & <111> directions and for shear waves polarised along different directions. Electrostatic and
BornMayer potentials have been used to obtain SOEC & TOEC (i.e. the second order elastic constants
and third order elastic constants), taking nearestneighbour distance and hardness parameter as input data.
SOEC & TOEC data obtained at different temperatures have been used to obtain Gruneisen parameters
and non-linearity or anisotropy parameters which in turn have been used to evaluate the ultrasonic
attenuation coefficients in Akhiezer regime for longitudinal and shear waves. Dislocation drag, due to
screw and edge dislocations has also been evaluated. Results have been discussed and it has been found
that at low temperatures e-p interaction is the dominant cause of acoustical dissipation and at higher
temperature p-p interaction is the principal cause of acoustical dissipation in metals. Contribution of
thermoelastic loss is negligible as expected.
Keywords: Ultrasonic attenuation, electron-phonon interaction, phonon-phonon interaction

kkpandey35@gmail.com

42
 Thermo-acoustical Molecular Interaction Study in Mixtures of
Glycol, Alcohol and Paraben
Ashima1, K.C. Juglan1*, Harsh Kumar2
1.Department of Physics, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
2. Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar NIT, Jalandhar 144 011, Punjab, India

Abstract
The interaction of para-hydroxy benzoic acid ester (propyl paraben) has been investigated with commonly
used glycol and alcohol such as propylene glycol and methanol. Density and ultrasonic velocity have
been measured for the ternary mixtures of propyl paraben with propylene glycol and methanol at
temperature T= 298.15 K. From the experimental data, various thermo-acoustical parameters such as
adiabatic compressibility (), acoustic impedence (z), effective molecular weight (Meff), molar volume
(Vm) , intermolecular free length (Lf) ,Wadas constant (W), Raos constant (R) and Vanderwaals
constant (b) have been calculated. The measured and calculated thermodynamic parameters have been
interpreted in terms of solutesolute or solute-solvent or solvent-solvent interactions. The results show
existence of minimum interaction between unlike molecules due to increasing value of density with
concentration.
Keywords: Density, Ultrasonic velocity, solvent solvent interactions

43
 Standard Practices for Acoustic Emission Measurement on
Machines
Surojit Poddar, N. Tandon
ITMMEC, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India

Abstract
Acoustic Emission Technique (AET) is a state of the art method to measure surface vibration resulting
from stress waves. Over the years systematic studies pertaining to the use of acoustic emission (AE) for
structural diagnosis have been carried out and well documented in the form of standards. However,
application of AE for diagnosis of machines has mostly been sporadic. As such, there is a lack of literature
describing standard measurement practices for effective use of AE on machines. In this article, some of
the standard practices associated with effective use of AE on machines have been discussed and
illustrated.
Keywords: Acoustic emission; machines; standard practices

*Corresponding author.
E-mail address: surojitpoddar88@gmail.com (S. Poddar).

44
 Direction of Arrival Estimation for Speech Source using Closely
Spaced Microphones
Mohd Wajida,b,*, Arun Kumarb, and Rajendar Bahlb
a.Department of Electronics Engineering, ZHCET, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
b.Centre for Applied Research in Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.

Abstract
Direction of arrival (DoA) of an acoustic source is a salient parameter whose applications are diversified
ranging from defense industry to entertainment industry. The conventional method of DoA estimation
uses sensor (microphone or hydrophone) array with different computationally intensive algorithms,
however the size of sensor-array restricts its deployment in portable devices. The replacement of sensor-
array is an acoustic vector sensor (AVS), which is compact in size and can be easily mounted on any
small portable device. The AVS can be realized with omnidirectional microphones and/or particle
velocity sensors. We have used different geometrical arrangements of closely spaced omnidirectional
microphones (called AVS configurations) for determining the DoA of a speech source for real time
applications. The signals acquired by the closely spaced omnidirectional microphones are used to
estimate the acoustic intensity vector, which gives the direction of an acoustic source. In this paper, we
have given a method for DoA estimation of broadband quasi-stationary source (speech signal) and
compared the DoA estimation performance of different omnidirectional microphones based AVS
configurations with the help of Finite Element Method tool, viz., COMSOL Multiphysiscs. The speech
signals for different angular locations at different microphones of an AVS have been recorded using
COMSOL Multiphysics modeling software.
Keywords: Acoustic Intensity; Acoustic Vector Sensor, Direction of Arrival, Speech Source;

wajidiitd@gmail.com, arunkm@care.iitd.ernet.in, rbahl@care.iitd.ernet.in

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 Optimum Signal Processing Strategy for Enhancing Hearing Aid
Output Speech
Ajish K. Abraham
Professor of Electronics & Acoustics, All India Institute of Speech & Hearing, Mysuru

Abstract
Hearing in noise is still a matter of major concern for many hearing aid users and thus a challenging issue
for the hearing aid designers. Several techniques are being currently used to enhance the speech at the
hearing aid output, in comparison to noise. Most of these techniques, when implemented, result in
reduction of intelligibility of the original speech signal. Thus the dissatisfaction of the hearing aid user
towards comprehending the desired speech amidst noise prevails. In this study, Wiener filter based noise
reduction approach is experimented. This method checks the status of the input speech signal in each
frequency band, and then selects the relevant noise reduction procedure. Results showed that the Wiener
filter based algorithm is capable of enhancing speech even in situations of very high noise or low Signal
to Noise Ratio (SNR). Performance of the algorithm was compared on the basis of improvement in SNR
with other similar algorithms. Wiener filter based algorithm provided the best improvement in SNR
compared to other techniques.
Keywords: Wiener filter, Noise Reduction, Hearing Aid Output Speech, SNR improvement

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 Investigations into some parameters of vibration signal of faulty
bearings with wavelet transform
Sidra Khanama, N. Tandonb
a. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
b. ITMMEC, IIT Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India

Abstract
The vibration signals generated by a rotor bearing system are greatly influenced by the occurrence of
fault on the bearings. Monitoring of parameters like peak, overall rms, kurtosis, crest factor and power
from the time domain signal reveal the status of health of bearings supporting the rotor and serves as the
easiest approach. However, majority of these parameters give an estimation of overall health of the system
and not just the bearings. This work addresses the use of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to filter the
bearing related signal and then monitor the health of bearing. The work also discusses on the selection of
appropriate sampling frequency for the collection of time domain signal and demonstrates the dependence
of parameters on the same. The results indicate that the use of DWT for a signal with higher sampling
frequency has increased the accuracy of prediction of estimation of defect.
Keywords: Vibration monitoring; time domain signal; rolling element bearings; discrete wavelet transform

*Corresponding author
E-mail: sidra.khanam10@gmail.com (S. Khanam)

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 A Survey on Underwater Wireless Sensor Network
Kailas
Assistant Professor, E&CE Department, VNEC Shorapur, Dist: Yadgir-585 220

Abstract
In our earth 75% covered by water that could be river and ocean also. The underwater sensor network are
enabling technology and become more and more popular for monitoring vast area of oceans. Underwater
sensor Networks consist of a variable number of sensors that are deployed to perform monitoring tasks
over a given area. The UWSNs provide continuous monitoring for various applications like ocean
sampling network, pollution monitoring, submarine detection, disaster prevention etc. In this paper, the
internal architecture of underwater sensor, the literature of underwater sensor network, different
architectures for two-dimensional and three-dimensional underwater sensor networks are discussed, we
also discussed the application and main problem or issue in underwater sensor network.
Keywords: UWSN, UW-sink, AUV, UUV, Routing

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 Internal wave induced sound speed fluctuation in the shallow
waters of North West Bay of Bengal
Noufal K.K1, Latha G1, Ramesh R2
1 National Institute of Ocean Technology, Pallikaranai, Chennai-600100, India
2 Institute for Ocean Management, Anna University, Chennai-600025, India

Abstract
A study has been carried out to understand the influence of internal wave in sound speed fluctuation.
Time series of CTD profile measurements were measured from shallow water site (100-200 m) of North
West Bay of Bengal and sound speed profiles were derived. Strong internal wave activity was reported
from corresponding study location (Rao et al, 2010). Fluctuation of sound speed profile with the influence
of internal waves is derived with the help of an open source internal wave model called WAVE
(http://oalib.hlsresearch.com/Other/#MFP).
Model has included relevant acoustic parameters such as temperature, salinity, water column depth,
nature of bottom etc. Primary focus of the study is a simulation of sound speed caused by internal waves.
Wave model effectively carried out these simulation by calculating internal wave Eigen frequencies and
modes with the adaptation of acoustic normal mode program called KRAKEN (M. B Porter 1991). After
generating the corresponding Eigen values and modes (Dozier et al., 1978), model generate a sequence
of sound speed realization based on GarretMunk Internal wave spectrum statistics with temperature and
salinity inputs (J. H. Wilkinson 1965, Flatte et al, 1979). Model has been derived both temporal and
spatial variation of sound speed profiles in an internal wave theoretical scenario. Observed internal wave
frequency at the study location is dominated by tide, especially semidiurnal tide (Rao et al, 2010, Joshi
et al., 2016). Internal wave influenced sound speed profiles derived by WAVE model with respect to
range and time can be compared with observed sound speed profiles at locations. Study increases the
accuracy and reliability of the model and provides a preliminary idea about the influence of internal waves
in sound speed fluctuation at that location.

Keywords: Internal wave, Sound speed, Fluctuation

*Corresponding author email: noufalnkk@gmail.com

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 Characterization of fish signals using Multifractal detrended
fluctuation analysis in shallow water area off Goa
Kranthi Kumar Chanda, Bishwajit Chakraborty
CSIR National Institute of Oceanography, DonaPaula Goa.

Abstract
Nonlinear signal processing techniques have been applied on passive acoustics time series data in the
shallow water area off Goa. We have identified different fishes in the time series data using spectrogram
and frequency analysis. To characterize the non-linear phenomena in animal vocalizations, features
include frequency jump, sub harmonics, biphonation, and deterministic chaos. In the present study, the
multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) has been employed to characterize the recorded fish
sound. Multifractal technique can also play a main role to identify biological signals based non-linearity
pattern, Hurst exponent h (q), multifractal scaling exponent, and the multifractal spectrum (b) parameters
are analyzed to comprehend the biological characteristics of the fishes such as Terapon therapse and Toad
fish, Barred grunt and Sciaenidae family.
Key words: Non-linear phenomenon Bio acoustics

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