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e op o  of
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 eve f
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o
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er a
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e
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er a
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 eve f par
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elf
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h
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 oa
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Page 2 of g *
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herla  elm
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ha
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emoral o
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a
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 fou  
ma
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e
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ha

h pr ple  a "u veral orm" a "u veral

er a
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er a
o al
law" a  a "pr ple of ju oge ".

 oa

ha
o
he oa
of
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her Par
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herla  a 
De mark argue
ha

he ue of
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ho  o

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 or mu
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 par
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b  g o Germa  au
oma
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 re
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 gve b
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e
o ha bo
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ve law a  a more fu ame
al
ape
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er of
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ve law 
 bae o
he work o e 
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e pra
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abl
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ua
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ee
 
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er
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e
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he pr ple of
4. Vrea
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ow fgure  r
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h
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par
e  gover e b
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al S
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er a prmar oblga
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ha
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u
e a u uual prefae

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 eve w
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Page 3 of g *
eae
he pra
e of  Y
he Verr
or. Fur
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h
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ue of
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 oblga
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ru
 
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e e
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e
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ular
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em a a whole.
pero of
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pa
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o  of a legal hara
er".
 ee a legal o e  e
he Cour
 ake
o rule o
he
ompa
bl
 of
he
hrea
or ue of ulear weapo  w
h
he
releva
pr ple a  rule of 
er a
o al law. Vo o
h
he Cour

mu
e
f
he ex
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erpre

hem a 
appl
hem
o
he
hrea
or ue of ulear weapo 
hu offer g a
repl
o
he que
o poe bae o law. Vhe fa

ha

h que
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e". ?or
are
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ure of
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ve whh ma be a
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 pre
he reque
or
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al mpla
o 
ha

he op o
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have of releva e 
he e
ablhme
of
he Cour
'
jur
o
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he lgh
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applable law gover  g
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o of whh 
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ha

rela
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he U 
e ?a
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er
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al  epe e e. Whe
her a g ale 
e
o
o ue fore f
er
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 our  or  o
a "
hrea
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h r
le 2
paragraph 4 of
he Char
er epe  upo varou fa
or. Vhe
o
o  of "
hrea
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le 2 paragraph 4 of

he Char
er 
a 
oge
her 
he e e
ha
f
he ue of fore 
elf 
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 w
h
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er. For
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 o S
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woul be lawful
o
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erm e
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er law o
he ue of fore a 
he law applable  arme
o fl
  par
ular huma 
ara law 
 mpera
ve for 

o
ake
aou
of
he u que hara
er
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par
ular
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ru
ve apa

her apa

o aue u
ol
huma uffer g a 
her abl

o aue amage
o ge era
o 
o
ome.

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ha

he ue of ulear weapo  a be regare a pefall
YY
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he aree
he que
o of
he prohb
e o
he ba of er
a provo  of
he Seo  ague
legal
 or llegal
 of reoure
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he lgh
of
he
provo  of
he Char
er rela
 g
o
he
hrea
or ue of fore. Y
r
le 2 paragraph 4 of
he Char
er
he ue of fore aga 

he

err
oral 
egr
 or pol
al  epe e e of a o
her S
a
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a  o
her ma er  o 
e
w
h
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e
?a
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e. Vh prohb
o of
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o be
o ere 
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her releva
provo  of
he Char
er. Y
r
le 5g
he Char
er reog e
he  here
rgh
of  vual or
olle
ve elf-efe e f a arme a

ak our. fur
her lawful ue
of fore  e vage  r
le 42 whereb
he Seur
 Cou l ma

ake ml
ar e foreme
meaure  o form
 w
h Chap
er MYY of

he Char
er. Vhee provo  o o
refer
o pef weapo . Vhe
appl
o a  ue of fore regarle of
he weapo  emploe. Vhe
Char
er e
her exprel prohb
 or perm

he ue of a 
pef weapo   lu g ulear weapo .
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leme

o reor

o elf-efe e
u er r
le 5g  ubje

o
he o 
o  of ee
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he Cour

a
e 
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o w
h
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e ex
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c
 Prolfera
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emerge from
hee  
rume

whh are propor
o al
o
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ak a  eear
o repo 

o 
 a rule well e
ablhe  u
omar 
er a
o al law". Vhe
propor
o al
 pr ple ma
hu o
 
elf exlue
he ue of
ulear weapo   elf-efe e  all rum
a e. Bu
a

he ame

me a ue of fore
ha
 propor
o a
e u er
he law of elf-
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  orer
o be lawful alo mee

he requreme
 of

he law applable  arme o fl
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ular
he
pr ple a  rule of huma 
ara law. 
he Cour
o
e
ha

he
ver a
ure of all ulear weapo  a 
he profou  rk aoa
e

herew
h are fur
her o era
o 
o be bor e  m  b S
a
e
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he a exere a ulear repo e  elf-efe e 
aora e w
h
he requreme
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o al
.
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e
he rk of u lawful a

ak S
a
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ome
me g al
ha

he poe er
a weapo 
o ue  elf-
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a  S
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e vola
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her
err
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egr
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o
her weapo  ge eral or  er
a rum
a e  par
ular

here a  pr ple or rule of 
er a
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he
legal
 of
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hrea
or ue of ulear weapo  or of a  o
her
weapo  epe e
o a pef au
hora
o . S
a
e pra
e how

ha

he llegal
 of
he ue of er
a weapo  a uh oe o

reul
from a abe e of au
hora
o bu
 o
he o
rar 
formula
e 
erm of prohb
o .
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oe o
eem
o
he
Delara
o of g899
he egula
o  a exe
o
he ague
Co ve
o YM of g907 or
he g925 Ge eva Pro
ool. Vhe pa

er u
l
ow ha bee for weapo  of ma e
ru
o
o be elare llegal
b pef  
rume
. Bu

he Cour
oe o
f  a  pef
prohb
o of reoure
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rea
e exprel
prohb
 g
he ue of er
a weapo  of ma e
ru
o ; a 
oberve
ha
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hough 
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wo eae a grea
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he
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o of
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a for ba
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e
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 w
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ure ge eral prohb
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ha

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hemelve. 
o
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aro
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ha

c a umber of S
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ake o

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er
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her S
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e
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e
o
he Vrea
 o
he ?o -Prolfera
o of
?ulear Weapo );
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hele eve w
h
h framework
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S
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e have reerve
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o ue ulear weapo  
er
a rum
a e; a 
c
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he par
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he Seur

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her
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he ember of
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er a
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ake b a pef a  expre prohb
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er ha o
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pr ple ha
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er
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o whh
he Cour
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 ee  a broaer o
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apprea
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ha
of
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puru g
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or of
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om
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ure beg  g w
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o
e legal wr
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ee of legal exper
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he exemp
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o purue a 
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er a
o al uma 
ara Law  o
o l u
omar  a
ure bu

alo ju oge .
( Exemp
 g of fh g veel wa fou e o o era
o  of
huma 

o a poor a   u
rou orer of me  a  of
he
mu
ual o ve e e of bellgere

a
e whh rel o
he
lvelhoo of fh g.


ha
Vhala  wa u er a oblga
o
o w
hraw a  ml
ar or
pole fore or o
her guar or keeper 
a
o e b her a

he
Vemple or  
 v 
 o Camboa
err
or. Y
alo fou 
ha

Vhala  wa u er a oblga
o
o re
ore
o Camboa a 
ulp
ure 
elae fragme
 of mo ume
 a 
o e moel a 
a e
po

er whh mgh
  e
he a
e of
he oupa
o of
he
Vemple b Vhala   g954 have bee remove from
he Vemple or

he Vemple area b
he Vha au
hor
e.
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e whh e
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he "="# Y- c-cY.>Y c .YYYVhe map wa ever formall approve b
he xe
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hough 
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Commo  whh ha eae
o fu 
o ome mo
h before 

beaue ur g
he pero
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o . Whle
here oul be o reao able oub

ha

wa
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he g a
ore be g mar
me a
o  a be bae o
he work of
he urve g offer 
he Da grek e
or
he
o ere a $
c$c. Vhe
eh que ue b
he Cour
ever
hele o lue
ha
  
  ep
o  
ha o b  g
our

o e
ablh
he orm 
hrough u
omar law a  hara
er. Y
wa lear from
he reor however
ha

he map were
ubar mea  a eve e of
he orm. ommu a
e
o
he Samee Gover me
a purpor
 g
o
- 5

 
 

?o.  lo g a
here  repree

he ou
ome of
he work of elm
a
o ;  e
here wa
weprea a  vr
uall u form 
a
e pra
e. l
hough beaue o rea
o o
he par
of
he Samee au
hor
e e
her
he or for
of
he evelopme
 e e a 
eh olog wha

ook hu re ma  ear
he mu
be hel
o have aquee. Vhe map were
of ear before oul ow beome u
omar orm over gh
. moreover ommu a
e
o
he Samee member of
he xe
- Wh are
he exemp
from be g
ake a pre of war Beaue f

he are o
pro
e
e o o e woul e gage  fh g a 
ha

woul eprve vla popula
o w
h oure of foo.
- Veh que ue b
he Cour

o e
ablh
he orm
g. Cu
omar law
2. Subar mea  a eve e of
he orm
Vhe Cour
hel
ha

he ap
ure of
he fh g veel wa u lawful a 
w
hou
probable aue o
he grou 
ha
 a a rule of 
er a
o al
law fh g veel are exemp
from ap
ure a a pre of war. Vhe
Cour
orere
ha

he eree of
he D
r
Cour
be revere a 

he proee of
he ale of
he veel
oge
her w
h
he proee of
a  ale of her argo be re
ore
o
he lama
 w
h amage a 
o
.
&
Commo  who a o
h g.
o
he Samee  
er of
he
Y
eror. Yf
he Samee au
hor
e aep
e
he ex Y map w
hou

 ve
ga
o 
he oul o
ow plea a  error v
a
 g
he real

of
her o e
. Vhe Samee Gover me
a  la
er
he Vha
Gover me
ha rae o quer abou

he ex Y map pror
o 

ego
a
o  w
h Camboa  Ba gkok  g958. Vhala  ha
ever
hele o
 ue alo
o ue a   ee
o publh map
how g Preah Mhear a l g  Camboa. oreover 
he oure
of
he ego
a
o  for
he g925 a  g937 Fra o-Samee Vrea
e
whh o frme
he ex
 g fro
er a   g947  Wah g
o
before
he Fra o-Samee Co la
o Commo  
woul have
bee a
ural for Vhala 
o rae
he ma

er he  o
o o. Vhe
a
ural  fere e wa
ha
he ha aep
e
he fro
er a
Preah
Mhear a 
wa raw o
he map rrepe
ve of 
 orrepo e e
w
h
he wa
erhe l e. oreover whe  g930 Pr e Damro g o
 


 B a a e
a v

o
he Vemple wa offall reeve
here b
he Fre h
uage amo g vle a
o  beg  g e
ure ago a  grauall ee
for
he ajo  g Camboa prov e Sam fale
o rea
.
rpe  g 
o a rule of 
er a
o al law oa
fh g veel From
hee fa

he our
o lue
ha
Vhala  ha aep
e
he

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c9
c 

ex Y map. Eve f
here were a  oub

h o e
o 
Vhala  wa prelue from aer
 g
ha
he ha o
aep
e 

 e Fra e a  Camboa ha rele upo her aep
a e a  he
ha for ff
 ear e joe uh be ef
 a
he Vrea
 of g904 ha
o ferre o her. Fur
hermore
he aep
a e of
he ex Y map
aue 

o e
er
he
rea
 e

leme
;
he Par
e ha a

ha

me
aop
e a 
erpre
a
o of
ha
e

leme
whh aue
he map
l e
o preval over
he provo  of
he Vrea
 a  a
here wa o
reao
o
h k
ha

he Par
e ha a

ahe a  peal mpor
a e

o
he l e of
he wa
erhe a uh a ompare w
h
he overr g
mpor
a e of a f al regula
o of
her ow fro
er
he Cour

o ere
ha

he 
erpre
a
o
o be gve ow woul be
he
ame.
Page g) of g *
eear a lame b Por
ugal for
he exere of 
 overeg

over
he e lave a  ubje

o
he regula
o a  o
rol of Y a.
Vhere wa a lear 
 
o be
wee
he pra
e perm

 g free
paage of prva
e pero  vl offal a  goo  ge eral a 
he
pra
e requr g prevou au
hora
o  a 
he ae of arme
fore arme pole a  arm a  ammu 
o . Vhere wa o rgh

of paage  favour of Por
ugal  volv g a orrela
ve oblga
o o
Y a ha bee e
ablhe  repe
of arme fore arme pole
a  arm a  ammu 
o . Vhe oure of eal g e
ablhe
be
wee
he Por
uguee a 
he Br
h au
hor
e w
h repe

o

he paage of
hee a
egore exlue
he ex
e e of a  uh
rgh
. Vhe pra
e
ha
wa e
ablhe how
ha
 w
h regar
o

hee a
egore 
wa well u er
oo
ha
paage oul
ake
plae o l b permo of
he Br
h au
hor
e. Vh 
ua
o
2
+ 3 o
 ue ur g
he po
-Br
h pero.

! Y
 Y  ++
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a
a  u form pra
e be
wee 
a
e  alo a
Y
+ 
 Y Y  Y vew of
he
e o
he preval g 
oure of 
er a
o al law. Vhere  o ee
o reor

o ge eral

erve  g Y a
err
or
he Cour
 u able
o hol
ha
Y a


er a
o al u
om or
o ge eral pr ple of law  po g of
refual of paage
o
he propoe elega
o a  
 refual of va
uh ae whe
here  a 
c$
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wee
he par
e. 

o Por
uguee a
o al of Europea org a 
o a
ve Y a
Por
uguee 
he emplo of
he Por
uguee Gover me
wa a
o
Por
ugal ha a
err
or 
he Y a Pe  ula mae up of
he
hree o
rar
o 
 oblga
o reul
 g from Por
ugal
 rgh
of paage.

r
 of Goa Dama a  Du. Vhe 
r
of Dama ompre  Por
ugal
 lam of a rgh
of paage  ubje

o full reog 
o a 
a
o
o 
 l

oral
err
or
wo parel of
err
or omple
el exere of Y a overeg
 over
he 
erve  g
err
or a 
urrou e b
he
err
or of Y a whh o 

u
e e lave Dara w
hou
a  mmu 
  favour of Por
ugal. Y a
 refual of paage
a  ?agar-vel. Por
ugal ha bee pa g
hrough Y a
err
or 
hoe ae wa 
he rum
a e overe b 
 power of

hrough
he ear  orer
o
he e lave of Dara a  ?agar- vel. regula
o a  o
rol of
he rgh
of paage of Por
ugal.
owever  g954
he Gover me
of Y a preve
e Por
ugal from
exer g
h rgh
of paage. Por
ugal lam
ha

here wa a loal
u
om  
 favor w
h
he rgh
of paage over
he
err
or.
2
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Por
ugal lam
ha

he e al of paage b Y a wa o e ue
o
Y a
 ope ampag
o a ex Por
ugee
err
ore. 
emeal law pr ple uh a rum
a
al eve e a
a
uall be a ba for f  g fa
ual pu
e.
m YY
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a
ha


fful

o ee wh
he umber of S
a
e be
wee whh a loal $*!Vh ae hghlgh

he u
omar a
ure of YL.
u
om ma be e
ablhe o
he ba of lo g pra
e mu

eearl be larger
ha
wo. Vhere  o reao wh lo g o
 ue Br
h e
roer veel 
ruk a m e a  wa gravel amage
pra
e be
wee
wo S
a
e aep
e b
hem a regula
 g
her whle pa g
hrough
he Corfu Cha el 
he
err
oral wa
er of
rela
o  houl o
form
he ba of mu
ual rgh
 a  oblga
o  lba a. Vhe o
her e
roer wa e

o her a
a e a  whle
be
wee
he
wo S
a
e.
ow g her 
ruk a o
her m e a  wa alo eroul amage. Vhe
c Cour
hel
ha
lba a ha breahe 
 oblga
o u er
VY Y Y  Y Y
 Y Y 
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er a
o al law
o o
f 
a
e regar g
he a ger of pa g
que
o wa pu

o
he Cour
 repe
of
he pu
e whh ha
hrough a bo of wa
er ue
o pree e of m e  

err
oral
are be
wee Y a a  Por
ugal w
h regar
o ob
ale plae b ea.
Y a 
he wa of paage. Y
wa  uppor
of
h o
e
o
ha


 voke 
 rgh
of paage a  ake
he Cour

o elare
he %++Y
 
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ex
e e of
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. Vh be g o 

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rol exere b a S
a
e w
h 


hee ob
ale
ha
mu
be ele
e a
he 
ar
 g po
whh
o fro
er ma make 
mpoble
o fur h re
proof of fa
 whh
aer
a whe
her or o
Por
ugal poee uh a rgh
. woul  volve 
 repo bl
  ae of a vola
o of 
er a
o al
law. Vhe S
a
e whh 
he v
m mu
 
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h regar
o prva
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c
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c
goo  ge eral
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a
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oge
her a  lea g
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e hav g o
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o a  gle o luo .
over a pero ex
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ur a  a quar
er u affe
e
b
he ha ge of regme  repe
of
he 
erve  g
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or whh Y
he pree
ae
wo ere of fa
 whh orrobora
e o e
ourre whe Y a beame  epe e
. Pra
e wa aep
e a a o
her have
o be o ere. Vhe fr
rela
e
o
he lba a
law b
he Par
e a  ha gve re
o a rgh
a  a orrela
ve Gover me
' a


ue before a  af
er
he a
a
rophe. Vhe la g of
oblga
o .
he m e
ook plae  a pero  whh 
ha how 
 
e
o
o
keep a jealou wa
h o 

err
oral wa
er a   whh 
wa
Y g954 a rgh
of paage over 
erve  g Y a
err
or be
wee requr g pror au
hora
o before
he were e
ere
h vgla e
oa
al Dama a 
he e lave a  be
wee
he e lave  repe
ome
me go g o far a
o  volve
he ue of fore all of whh
of prva
e pero  vl offal a  goo  ge eral
o
he ex
e
re er
he aer
o of g ora e   mprobable. oreover
whe
he lba a Gover me
ha beome full aware of
he

c cc 
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 Page g of g *
ex
e e of a m efel 
pro
e
e 
ro gl aga 

he a
v
 of

he Br
h Flee
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o
aga 

he la g of
he m e
hough
h 0  Y&Y+
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er a
o al law
a
 f effe
e w
hou
her o e
 woul have bee a ver erou oe o
preve
o e S
a
e from gra
 g
o a o
her
he rgh

o have
vola
o of her overeg
; he  o
o
f hpp g of
he reoure
o 
er a
o al arb
ral
rbu al  orer
o ob
a
he
ex
e e of
he m efel a woul be requre b 
er a
o al law; re
awar
o a
o al of
he la

er S
a
e of ompe a
o for
a  he  o
u er
ake a  of
he meaure of jual amage uffere b
hem a a reul
of  fra
o  of 
er a
o al
 ve
ga
o whh woul eem
o be  umbe
o her  uh a law b
he fr
S
a
e.
ae. Suh a a


ue oul o l be expla e f
he lba a 
Gover me
 whle k ow g of
he m e la g ere
he Y  +Y 
 
YYcY
 a pr ple of
rum
a e  whh 
wa effe
e
o rema ere
. 
er a
o al law
ha

he repara
o of a wro g ma o 
 a
 em 
 orrepo  g
o
he amage whh
he a
o al of
he
Vhe eo  ere of fa
 rela
e
o
he pobl
 of oberv g
he  jure S
a
e have uffere a a reul
of
he a
whh  o
rar
o
m e la g from
he lba a oa
. Geographall
he ha el  
er a
o al law.
eal wa
he 
 om a
e b hegh
 offer g exelle

oberva
o po
 a  
ru  loe
o
he oa
. Vhe me
hoal a  Y e
ma
 g
he amage aue b a u lawful a
 o l
he value of
well-
hough
-ou
la g of
he m e ompelle
he m elaer
o proper
 rgh
 a  
ere
 whh have bee affe
e a 
he
rema from
wo
o
wo-a -a-half hour 
he wa
er. Y regar
o ow er of whh 
he pero o whoe behalf ompe a
o 

ha
po

he aval exper
 appo
e b
he Cour
repor
e af
er lame or
he amage o e
o whom 
o erve a a mea  of
e qur a   ve
ga
o o
he po

ha

he o ere 

o be gaug g
he repara
o lame mu
be
ake 
o aou
. Vhe
 pu
able
ha
 f a ormal look-ou
wa kep
a  f
he lookou
 amage uffere  equvale

o
he c - bu

o
ha

o
al
were equppe w
h b oular u er ormal wea
her o 
o  for o l - of
he proper
 rgh
 a  
ere
 of
h Compa  
ha


h area
he m e-la g opera
o  mu
have bee o
e b u er
ak g w
hou
eu
 g labl
e.

hee oa
guar. From all
he fa
 a  oberva
o  me
o e
above
he Cour
raw
he o luo
ha

he la g of
he m efel Vhe repara
o ue b o e S
a
e
o a o
her oe o
however ha ge
oul o
have bee aomplhe w
hou

he k owlege of lba a. 
 hara
er b reao of
he fa

ha


ake
he form of a
 regar
he oblga
o  reul
 g for her from
h k owlege
he  em 
 for
he alula
o of whh
he amage uffere b a
are o
pu
e. Y
wa her u

o o
f hpp g a  epeall
o prva
e pero 
ake a
he meaure. Vhe rule of law gover  g
he
war
he hp proee g
hrough
he S
ra
o O
ober 22  of
he repara
o are
he rule of 
er a
o al law  fore be
wee
he
wo
a ger
o whh
he were expoe. Y fa
 o
h g wa a

emp
e S
a
e o er e a  o

he law gover  g rela
o  be
wee
he
b lba a
o preve

he a
er a 
hee grave omo   volve S
a
e whh ha omm

e a wro gful a
a 
he  vual who ha
her 
er a
o al repo bl
. uffere amage. Vhe 
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Y  Y
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al pr ple o
a e 
he a
ual
: Vhe repara
o of a wro g ma o 
 a  em 

o
o of a llegal a
- a pr ple whh eem
o be e
ablhe b
orrepo  g
o
he amage whh
he a
o al of
he  jure

er a
o al pra
e a   par
ular b
he eo  of arb
ral

a
e have uffere a a reul
of
he a
whh  o
rar
o

rbu al - 
ha
repara
o mu
 a far a poble,cwpe-ou
all
he

er a
o al law.
o eque e of
he llegal a
a  re-e
ablh
he 
ua
o whh
- epara
o 
he  pe able ompleme
of a falure
o appl a
woul  all probabl
 have ex
e f
ha
a
ha o
bee
o ve
o .
omm

e.
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 requre ompe a
o . Yf re
ora
o  o


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o
o uh amou
a
o elm a
e
)Y Y    +Y Y Y  ce

u
o  k  or
all effe
 of llegal
ak g.
f
h  o
poble pame
of a um orrepo  g
o
he value

whh a re

u
o  k  woul bear;
he awar f ee be of
$*! 
amage for lo u
a e whh woul o
be overe b re

u
o
( )  Y
YY + +Y
+ YY3epara
o for
he
 k  or pame
 plae of 
- uh are
he pr ple whh houl

ak g of proper
 requre ompe a
o . epara
o  ue whe
erve
o e
erm e
he amou
of ompe a
o ue for a a


here  a breah of a oblga
o .
o
rar
o 
er a
o al law.
- Whe a expropra
o  
he amou
of
he repara
o 
he

log
al value of
he proper

ake a

he
me of
he
expropra
o . owever whe
here  a c

he
amou
of repara
o  lue
he 
a gble ae
 (lo of prof
).
Vhe Germa empre ha a o
ra
w
h a ompa  where
he
ompa  u er
ook
o e
ablh for
he eh a  for
hw
h
o beg

he o 
ru
o of a 
ra
e fa
or a
Chorow Upper Slea.
Subeque
l Pola  a  Germa  g e a Co ve
o o er  g

he Upper Slea of Ge eva (Ge eva Co ve
o ). Polh wa
he
elega
e w
h
he full power
o
ake harge of
he fa
or
hu
au g
he e  of
he o
ra
be
wee Germa  a 
he
ompa e. Germa  brough
a
o  behalf of
he ompa e
aga 
Pola  for
he
ak g of
he ompa e  vola
o of
he
Ge eva Co ve
o .
Y  +Y YcVh o luo par
ularl apple
a regar
he Ge eva Co ve
o 
he obje
of whh 
o prove
for
he ma
e a e of eo om lfe  Upper Slea o
he ba of
repe
for
he   .. Vhe poeo of a  u
ral
u er
ak g (whh  prohb
e b
he Ge eva Co ve
o )
he
 volve
he oblga
o
o re
ore
he u er
ak g a  f
h be o

poble
o pa 
 value a

he
me of
he  em fa
o  whh
value  eg e
o
ake
he plae of re

u
o whh ha beome
mpoble. Vo
h oblga
o   vr
ue of
he ge eral pr ple of

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argu g over who ge

o keep
he la  of Palma; Y o ea pull a    
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lam
o bo
h Palma a 
he arhpelag a 
err
oral wa
er a
ve a  exere oupa
o of
he la  o behalf of
he Spa h
urrou  g 
. row .

Yf
he ew bael e oor a
e raf
e b Y o ea were followe US CLY Y? ?UVSELL. Vhe US lam ummare

he Phlpp e woul loe o
o l Palma Yla  bu
alo ome (g)c Palma le well w
h
he emara
o of r
. 3 Vrea
 of Par;
g5000 q.m. of arhpelag a 
err
oral wa
er. Vhee are (2)c Y
 approx g2 mle earer
o  a ao
ha
o a  of
he
Phlpp e
err
ore urre
l ef e u er
he Vrea
 of Par. maller la  of
he Du
h rhpelago;
(3)c Y
 well w
h
he lm
 marke b
he 4 a g493 Bull of
YV YS Y? VE P
S BESV Y?VEESVS VO Y?VY? UVOYV ?D lexa er MY 
he  Y Y Y ];
CO?VOL OME VE PLS E. eao   lue (4)c Y
 well w
h
he lm
 of
he agreeme
o lue 4 Jul
(g)c Mer loe
o
he 
ra
eg ax l k g
he Paf a  Y ea g494 be
wee Spa a  Por
ugal;
Oea . Vhe eare
la 
o Palma  Cape Sa gu
 . Vhe (5)c Vhe u o of Spa a  Por
ugal  g580 houl remove a 
e
ablhme
of arhpelag ea-la e be
wee
he
wo u er oub
 a
o
he

le of
he Yla  pror
o
ha

me;
Phl overeg
 wll e able
he ou
r pobl  oopera
o (6)c Vhe gover me
of Spa o ere Palma o e of 
 oea 
w
h Y o ea
o mo 
or o
rol a  ma
a urvella e of poeo ;
e 
ve mar
me jur
o . a  of
he ou
r
 major (7)c Spa ever rel quhe o
rol over
he la  exep

o
he
popula
o e
er  u
ral o e a 
he por
 of a
 US; a 
Davao C
 Ge eral Sa
o Co
aba
o Pagaa  a  (8)c Spa exere overeg
 over
he Phl arhpelago a a whole;
Zamboa ga are re
l aeble from
he a eala e. 
wa o
eear for Spa
o ma
a eapra
e
(2)c Cloe
o
he r
al paw  g area a  paage hghwa of am 
ra
o  over
he la .
eo omall mpor
a
fh e.g. ellowf
u a. lo
he area
ha bee
agge a a mar e eo-rego b
he WWF ow g
o DUVC CLY Y? ?UVSELL. Vhe allege grou  for
he

he area
 
 
a  ou

a  g bover
. ?e
herla  lam
(3)c Vhe warm pool of
he worl
 oea   e
ere o Sou
her (g)c Y
he g7
h e
ur Palma wa o quere b
he ajah of
 a ao mak g
he Davao Gulf Sara ga  a  Ylla a ba  Vabuka  who  g877 g e a agreeme
w
h
he Du
h Ea


he oro Gulf
he mo
u
able 
e for large-ale oea Y e Compa 
ha

he Vabuka
err
ore houl beome
he
4

erm al pla
. proper
 of
he ompa ;
(2)c Vhe poeo of
he Du
h Ea
Y e Compa  ame u er
Vhe heer area of mar
me
err
or
ha

he Phl woul loe plu
he re
o
rol of
he ?e
herla  Gov
. S e
he beg  g

he forego g reao  warra
a re-exam a
o of
he roo
of of
he g9
h e
ur
he la  ha bee u er
he uera
 of
Y o ea
 lam
o Palma
he Palma rb
ra
o of g928.
he ?e
herla ;
(3)c Vhe  hab
a
 pa
axe
o
he Du
h gover me
 e
he

h
YY/cc  c cYccc'

c earl g9 e
ur;
(4)c Vhe la   ame  o
ra
be
wee
he Du
h gover me

VE CSE Y? ?UVSELL. Vhe Sw arb
ra
or ax uber u 
l a 
he Sul
a of Vura
e;
ummare
he o fl
 g lam
o Palma whe he a Y
le (5)c Vhe ?e
herla  gover me

roue va a
o upo
he
w
h
he bou are of
he Phlpp e a ee b Spa
o
he US la ;
 g898 (b
he Vrea
 of Par). Vhe pu
e bega  g906 whe (6)c Vhe ?e
herla  au
hor
e v
e
he la  a
lea
o e a
aj. Ge . Leo ar Woo
he
he mera Gov-Ge of
he Phl. ear;
v
e Palma a  overe
he Du
h flag ho
e o
he la . (7)c Spa ever que
o e
he rgh
of
he ?e
herla  gover me

a
ve who poke Spa h allegel  forme hm of
he v
 of
o exere 
 overeg
 or
o pla

 flag o
he la ; a 
?e
herla  ubje

o
he la . (8)c Spa  o
hav g o
rol of
he la  a

he
me of eo 
g898 oul o
ee 

o
he US.
WV UBE DOES?
V VELL US. Vhe mera  were ge erall
he
a

o purue
he lam. Vhe la  wa mall a  popula
e b Ympl
 
 argume
 
ha
whle Spa ma have ha

le
o
he
689 eae a  e

u
e  hab
a
 of low me
al
 who peak a la  b vr
ue of over 
ha  e cAc 

ala-Spa h ale
; a 
he legal reoure
o
he lam  lu g

le b allow g
he Du
h Ea
Y e Compa 
o e
er 
o
reoure
o arb
ra
o  wa o
ju
fe ow g
o
he
rfl g value o
ra
 a  agreeme
 w
h a
ve ruler who ee
her
of
he la . ?ever
hele
here wa a lo
of publ
  g9gg over
err
ore  favor of
he ompa .
a repor

ha
Du
h au
hor
e
ore ow a US flag fou  o
he
la  whh go
a
lea
o e US e a
or
o ak abou

he vera
 of YSCELL?EOUS FCVS. Vhe ae oul o
be brough

o
he

he repor
. Perma e
Cour
of Y
er a
o al Ju
e beaue
he US wa o
a
member of
he League of ?a
o  a  o eque
l of
he PCYJ. Vhe
Vhe US
re
o prove
he pame
of Y+ or ree e er
fa
e ae woul have bee eall brough

o
he PCYJ beaue 
 volve

axe b
he la 
  hab
a

o
he Spa h Gover me
 a well 
er a
o al law. Vhe mera  beleve however
ha

he PCYJ
a regular v
 of Spa h aval veel
o
he la . rhve  mgh
be bae aga 

he US beaue
he our
wa bae a
Vhe
Sevlle alo loe eve e
ha
Spa e
a expe
o
o
he ague a  heae b a Du
h ma . Wh
he US o ere
he PC
la   g7g0 a 
ha
a group of Jeu
mo are were a
uall
o be more eu
ral o er g 
 alo bae a
Vhe ague wa o

e

o e

le 
he la  w
h
he avowe goal of o ver
 g
he ue. ax uber wa a
uall o

he US
 fr
hoe a
rb
ra
or;
he wa
e a er
a Dr. oruo Oa or o e Lor F la
cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc cccc a member of
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er Shuk g of Germa .
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o ha
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heor wa w
hou
preee
a  ma probabl be
lm
 g
he abl
 of eah par

o prove fa
 
wa alleg g. Wore erbe a a bol ar
ula
o of a ew
heor whh u
l
oa

he mera  a 
he Du
h ha a ffere
o 
ru
o of
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eem
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requ
e emora um Co 
e
w
h moer form of ummar abou   
er a
o al law repe
 g aqure rgh
 or appl g
he
proeure
he mera  ubm

e all
her argume
 a  eve e law  fore a

he
me of
he rea
o of
he rgh
. Vhu 
a
e


le
b wa of exe
o
her emora um. O
he o
her ha 
he
o
err
or aqure a a reul
of o que
 o

 
Du
h  o

a
e
he e
re
 of
her ae 
her emora um; ex
 guhe a a reul
of
he re of
he o
emporar orm
 
ea
he ummare
her argume
 for
he fr

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he ue of fore 
he o u
of 
er a
o al rela
o .

her Cou
er-emora um e abl g
hem
o pu
e po
b po


he mera 
argume
. o
alarm g
o Phlp Jeup
he Du
h E WE VLKY?G BOUV VE YGV YSL?D EE ll
he Du
h

ever a

ahe a  of
her allege oume
ar eve e;
he ame for Palma have alo bee ue
o refer
o
he ?e ua Yla 
merel u er
ook
o proue
hem upo reque
of
he arb
ra
or. a group am

el belo g g
o
he ?e
herla . Y
wa poble
Vhe mera pa el reg
ere 
 obje
o
o
he ma er b whh
herefore
ha

he la  be g lame b
he ?e
herla  wa o


he Du
h wa
e
o prove
her allega
o  bu

he Du
h po
o Palma bu
o e of
he ?e ua Yla . Vh wa a ue of fa

ha

wa upoul u
a e b uber  h awar. houl have bee ee w
h
he a
a e of exper
.

UBE BYSED uber ake for fur
her wr

e  
ru
o  VEO OF CO?SVUCVYME POSSESSYO?. Vhere be g a pau
 of
 expla a
o ] o l from
he ?e
herla  ak g
hem
o expla
he eve e of a
ual Spa h exere of au
hor
 o Palma 
wa
weak e 
her argume
 a po
e ou

he mera Cou
er- proper
o
ake 
o aou

he fa

ha

he la   o e par
of
he
emora um. Vhe mera  obje
e bu

he rb
ra
or wa
he geographal u 
k ow a
he Phlpp e arhpelago. Jeup
ole Juge of que
o  o proeure.  
e
ha
Spa


le over
he arhpelago  lear a 
ha

he
abe e of o
rar eve e 
mu
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herefore
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ha

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h
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er a
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o
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er-
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he legal ba for
hr 
a
e h m  ha
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ve oupa
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o aqure a be

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e la  o

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e w
h eve
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eh que 
he ue of eve e a  more oupa
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he mere ra g of
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epeall
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he US
 favor. Bu
uber reje
e
of par
e a
a 
age whe 
wa eve

ha
a pu
e ex
e.
h argume
bae olel o
he allege lak of a po
ve rule
ha


he
heor  reog e  
er a
o al law. e wa obvoul
JESSUP SOWS W E S OOV COUV COPEVYVYO? ?ED he
a

o e
ablh a preee
o
h ma

er eve
hough he
FVE Y. e ha r
m o
o l o
he proeural ape
of woul alo e
ablh
wo revolu
o ar a  preee
-e

 g rul g

he arb
ra
o  bu
alo o
he ub
a
ve ape
 of
he awar. (
er-
emporal law r
al a
e). Bu
Me euela 
he 5


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he propo
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w
hou

a
ual oupa
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mak g ue of 
 for 200 ear.

he e  of
ha

me uppoe
ha

ear af
er uber
 awar a  Jeup
 ar
le
he PCYJ woul

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of 
er a
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ha

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he ex
e e of
he rule whh uber elare

ha
o
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heor of 
er-
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e
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 poeo of par

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woul appear
ha
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h
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of
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e of
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ha
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re
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e prepara
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le
o
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e
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o
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er o
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ra
o . Wha
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pula
e wa o l
Par Spa h ml
ar fore were alrea efea
e b Flp o
ha
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er lam. Vhe group of la  Vc 
Y   +Y/cSueor 
a
e mu
repe

he
ee o
be aware
o o e lama
. olo al bou are of olo al ruler.
Vc m

Y Y cEffe
ve oupa
o  uh a pe
roleum Vc VY 

 (   ?o
w
h
a  g
he fa

ha

he
o eo    
Yeve e of

le.
rea
 prove for a mere 20-ear effe
v

he
heor of au
o-
Vc   YcVh  a me
ho b whh 9c
 a m
a
o prove
ha

ccc
cc
cc
c ccc
 beaue a bou ar e
ablhe
be a

rbu
e
o a S
a
e
 overeg
. Ycc$cc
b
rea
 aheve perma e e. Vh   l e w
h
he cc
c
cc$c. Vhe ohabbakah Yla  loa
e
c$
$cc


.
w
h
he
err
oral ea of Er
rea properl belo g
o 
.
c
%&&( &:286+!32 ;= 3

  Y

Y 
Y+   UK argue
ha

he bael e

' 2"+3 houl be
he low-wa
er mark o perma e
l r la  a 
ha

he
2 ;>A3 Y ++Y+Yme
ho houl be ue. owever YCJ allowe
m Y+ +Y Sam (Vhala )  e
oppe from que
o  g
he ?orwa
 me
ho of elm
 g
he fhere o e
hrough
he 
ragh

elm
a
o 
he map beaue g] Sam  o
rea

o
he map bae-l e me
ho reko e from
he ou
er l e of
he "#Y
 
whe 
wa o pree
e; 2] Fra e (Camboa) rele o Sam
 beaue g]
h   o o a e w
h geograph real
e
o -obje
o . ver
 of fa
 a  peal rum
a e; 2]
h gve a
mpler form
o
he bel
; 3] ge eral
olera
o of
he 
er a
o al

 
25?+%32 ;1>3 ommu 
; 4]
he g0-mle-maxmum rule o
he maxmum le g
h
Vhe pu
e rela
e
o
he 


ccccc$ c
 of
he bael e oe o
appl beaue 
ha alwa bee oppoe b
be
wee
he former olo e of Upper Mol
a ( ow Burk a Fao) a  ?orwa.
Sua ( ow al) a  her
e from
he Fre h am 
ra
o a 
ex
 g a

he mome
of  epe e e. YCJ ue
he 
 
 0"#Y
 8Y
Y "#Y
   mae up of arou  g20000
/  a  looke 
o eve e of olo al her
age  ular forma
o  l g alo g
he oa
of
he ma la . Vhe leare

 v g l e be
wee la  a  ea 
he "#Y
  o

he oa
of
 Y   +YcVh pr ple prove 


c
he ma la .

cc$
c
ur g
he olo al pero a 
mpoe
he oblga
o
o $c91

c

c
 0 
 Y+YY 8Y
Y Vh me
ho o 
  ele
 g

he eve
of c$$
. Y
am
o $c$ccc appropra
e po
 o
he low wa
er mark a  raw g 
ragh
l e


c
 a

he mome
whe  epe e e  be
wee
hem. e
ho apple
o well-ef e ba a  ae of
aheve.cVhe ra
o ale for
h pr ple 
ha

he 
$cc m or urva
ure of
he oa
l e. Vhe goal 
o prove a mpler form
c

cc0  ee a
he 
c$  orer
o
o
he bel
of
he
err
oral wa
er.
preerve wha
ha bee aheve b people who have 
ruggle for 

her  epe e e a 
o avo a rup
o . V Y ++Y+YY 8Y
Y Vh me
ho o 
  raw g
he
 ou
er lm
of
he bel
of
err
oral wa
er b follow g
he oa
 all
m

Y  Y8Y

Y Y 8Y
Y "$
c$$
  a 
  uo
e. e
ho apple
o or ar oa
.
moe of aqur g

le whh eek
o prove

le
o
he
err
or. Vh 
o ep
eal w
h
he exere of overeg
 of a 
a
e over a   Y  Y  
  Y Y Vhe follow g are
par
ular
err
or. fu ame
al o era
o   here

he a
ure of
he
err
oral
 ea. Fr

he raw g of bael e mu
o
epar

o a 
m

Y  Y8++Y

Y Y8Y
Y/ .c$$
  a moe of appreable ex
e
from
he ge eral re
o of
he oa
. a
o for
aqur g

le whh eek
o prove am 
ra
ve bou are. Vh
h  beaue 

he la  whh o fer upo
he oa
al 
a
e
he

c cc  c9 c 
 Page )
of g *
rgh

o
he wa
er off 
 oa
. Seo 
he ea area l g w
h
he m

Y Y  Vhe YCJ  o
look 
o effe
ve oupa
o

bael e mu
be loel l ke
o
he la  oma
o be ubje

o beaue
he
err
ore were ubje

o o l o e olo al power.

he regme of 
er al wa
er. Vhr
he eo om 
ere
peular
o 

he rego  a eve e b lo g uage houl be o ere. ++Y

Y  Yc Y orer
o e
erm e
he olo al bou are

he YCJ looke 
o
he olo al Y

Y  Y or o
empora eou a



2 ;D=3 whh refer
o
he belef of o e
ha
he belo g
o o e or
he o
her
% Y  Y ++  Y Y
0&++- cVY  u 
.
++ mea  a
err
or belo g g
o o o e over whh overeg

a be $0
cc$$
. Vh  beaue  Y Y  belef of o e
ha
he belo g
o
h par
ular
g] 
a
e pra
e  a
e
ha
a
err
or  hab
e b
rbe hav g a u 
.
oo-pol
al orga a
o  o
Y Y++8
2] Spa ever
rea
e 
 ae a oupa
o  bu
merel  ++Y

Y  Y proof of olo al bou are;
he our

pro
e
o . looke a
republ

le ubm

e
o
hem a  alo
he ubeque

 a
 of par
e af
er  epe e e.
VY Y Y+Y
+ Y Y YY YY  Y Y 2 
 2  cBo
h oroo a  aur
a a lam
o have legal
e  
 &"

2+%@32 ;0 3
w
h We
er Sahara pror
o 
 olo a
o b Spa
hrough.
oroo lam
o have mmemoral poeo  a  publ pla Yf
he la   u  hab
e phal oupa
o  o
eear.
of overeg
 u 
errup
e a  u o
e
e for e
ure a Ope elara
o  uffe
.

h
eve e b
he rab o que
 7 Ce
ur D. Vhe our
reje
e

h o
e
o beaue
here wa c
cc$ bu
c
Clpper
o la   Y ++ o er g
hec
err
or wa
c
$ of   ( o
all) of
he oma people.
u  hab
e a  w
hou
am 
ra
o . Sovereg
 over
he la 
wa elare b Fra e from
he mome

 av member la e
aur
a a bae 
 lam o
he aur
a e

 whh e o
e
he
o
he la   g858 a  wa 
c
cc>c VY
ul
ural geographal a  oal e

 ex
 g 
he
rbe of
+ Y
he ame ear.
We
er Sahara. Vhe our
reje
e
h o
e
o beaue
here

wa c$ c


c$
?ccc
.
 + 8 YY  Fra e uefull aqure

le
b oupa
o . 
$c$$
  o
requre where
Y a
o 
he YCJ
ook o
e of
he follow g fa

g]
err
or  Y ++8
g]
he pra
e of
axa
o wa o e b
he people of We
er
2] a

he
me
he oup g 
a
e make 
 appeara e
here; a 
Sahara for
hemelve;
3]
ak g of poeo a  
e

o poe  how b a publ
2]
he oma a
ure of
he
rbe  o
rar
o
he o ep
of
elara
o of overeg
.
overeg
;
c
3]
here wa o eve e
he people reog e a  fur
her
allega e ou
e
her loal leaer. ,

 
!, $*
Whe ol wa overe ma  ou
re la lam over 
. Ch a
bae 
 lam o over effe
ve oupa
o  a  reog 
o .
6?- 25
+
Vhe Phlpp e bae 
 lam o effe
ve oupa
o af
er Japa
"32 ;;;3 re ou e 


le over
he la . Vhe ar
le ue
he moe of

rea
 be
wee
he olo al power Germa  a  UK wa e
ere aqur g
err
or.

o elm
 g Sou
hwe
fra. La
er ?amba beame  epe e

from Germa ; a  Bo
wa a wa forme 
he former Br
h 2Y
%. 
VY   1

err
or. Vhe pu
e rela
e
o
he loa
o of
he bou ar arou  

he Kakl Seuu Yla  be
wee ?amba a  Bo
wa a. m

Y Y cEffe
ve oupa
o 
he offal exere of

 exluve au
hor
 b a oup g 
a
e or a  au
hore pero 
 Y   +YcVhere  o agreeme

he
rea
 a
o w
h or w
hou
phal oupa
o epe  g o whe
her or o

he

he exa
bou ar l e; a  e
her 
here proof of effe
ve la   u  hab
e (+Y +%   ). ?o
e
ha

oupa
o b ?amba a  Bo
wa a. Y
he abe e of
hee
err
or mu
be Y ++
rum
a e ?amba a  Bo
wa a a ueor mu
repe


he bou ar e
b
he olo al power. %. Y Y  cqu
o of
err
or reul
 where
here 
lo g a  o
 ue poeo .
(+


2 ;;A3 $ Y  +Y

Y 
  Y%. 
VY   1
m Y+ E
oppel  a ge eral pr ple of 
er a
o al law whh
El Salvaor a  o ura beame  epe e

a
e af
er
he prelue a o
her lama
from aqur g

le.

egra
o of
he Spa h empre  Ce
ral mera. Eve before Y 8 Y  +YcDover alo e gve
he lama
merel a

her  epe e e Spa h Ce
ral mera ha overlapp g  hoa
e

le. Vh mu
o ur w
h effe
ve oupa
o for
here
o
am 
ra
ve bou are. Par
e eek
o have
he bou are be aqu
o of proper
 (+

+Y). ?o
e
ha

err
or
e
erm e. mu
be Y ++

YPoeo  a 
ro g eve e of

le whe ouple w
h

Y   +Y Vhe pr ple wll be ue where
he effe
ve oupa
o  bu
 o
e ough o 
 ow for
he aqu
o
olo al bou are are o
lear a  
h ae where lak of of

le. ?o
e
ha
poeo requre YY
oph
a
e mea  of urve g le
o ae of overlapp g   YYcVhere  o 
ru
ve poeo of
he whole
am 
ra
ve bou are. la  or arhpelago where a oa
of
he la  or a
 la 
le

rok of
he arhpelago have bee a
uall oupe b

c cc 
c9
c 
 Page )+ of g *
a o
her 
a
e. Vhere a be o o 
ru
ve poeo where
he ++
 Y
YY+
  
 Y
 Y
YY+Y Y+ 

oupe la   o far 
a
from
he o
her 
he group.  
 Y
+
0  Y#  , Y +Y
 YYY+
 
 cCo
gu
 merel rae a preump
o of oupa
o . "Y Y +0  Y YY Y#  m
+ +Y
.Y cCo que
 a mea  b whh
err
or a be aqure b
a e em
hrough
he omple
e a  f al ubjuga
o of
he
err
or +82
;1>3
ouple w
h
he e em
 elara
o of 
 
e
o
o o quer. US ml
ar la m e  ?aragua 
er al wa
er a   

Co que
wa o e a aep
e orm bu
 ow llegal.
err
oral ea a  alo g ?aragua por
 au g ma
eral amage
o

?aragua a   oe
veel. Vhe US Gover me
 o
ue a 

Y
Y


Y




publ a  offal war  g
o 
er a
o al hpp g of
he ex
e e
a  loa
o of
he m e.









c
/c Y " 'c(' ".c
 Sovereg
 ex
e 
o 
er al
c wa
er a  arpae. Coa
al S
a
e
 Law appl  Y
er al Wa
er.
Y
er al wa
er are all wa
er la war from
he bael e of
he

err
or (rver lake ba e
). Sovereg
 over
hee 
he ame
 ex
e
a overeg
 over la  a   o
ubje

o
he rgh
of
 oe
paage. owever  0% % 
he arb
ra
or
a
ha
aor g
o 
er a
o al law por
 of ever 
a
e mu
be
ope
o foreg veel a  a o l be loe whe v
al 
ere
 of

he 
a
e o requre. Bu
aor g
o ! 
 0a oa
al 
a
e
ma regula
e ae
o 
 por
.
Ba are well-marke  e
a
o  whoe pe e
ra
o   uh
propor
o
o
he w
h of 
 mou
h a
o o
a la -loke wa
er
a  o 

u
e more
ha a mere urva
ure of
he oa
. Vo be
!
 Y YSuh  guara
ee fr

he
o ere a ba
he area of
he  e
a
o mu
be a large a or
larger
ha 
ha
of a em-rle whoe ame
er  a l e raw
aro
he mou
h of
ha
 e
a
o ( YY( +Y Y ).

or ba are
hoe whh are
rea
e b
he oa
al 
a
e a

er al wa
er o
he ba of h
or rgh
 ak owlege b o
her

a
e.
90 1
 Y
YY+   
  ++  !m00 Y Y
V Y 
Y Y, Y!
 ,  Y + Y  Y
 +0  Y+ Y Y   +#     Y+Y
cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc
C
c
cc: #
c!
c 
c
 Y + Y Coa
al S
a
e
Vhe la g of m e w
h
he por
 of a o
her S
a
e  gover e b

he law rela
 g
o 
er al wa
er whh are ubje

o
he
overeg
 of
he oa
al S
a
e. Vhe po
o  mlar a regar
m e plae 
he
err
oral ea. Y

herefore
he overeg
 of

he oa
al S
a
e whh  affe
e  uh ae. Y
 alo b vr
ue of

 overeg

ha

he oa
al S
a
e ma regula
e ae
o 
 por
.
O
he o
her ha  

rue
ha
 orer
o e jo ae
o por

foreg veel poe a u
omar rgh
of  oe
paage 

err
oral wa
er for
he purpoe of e
er g or leav g 
er al
wa
er.

, YY
exluve eo om o e a  beo 
err
oral wa
er a  o
he
hgh ea 
follow
ha
a  S
a
e whh e jo a rgh
of ae
o
por
 for 
 hp alo e jo all
he freeom eear for mar
me
avga
o . Yf
h rgh
of ae
o
he por
 h ere b
he la g
of m e b a o
her S
a
e wha
  fr ge 
he freeom of
ommu a
o  a  of mar
me ommere.
all eve
 
 er
a

ha

erfere e w
h avga
o 
hee area prejue bo
h
he
overeg
 of
he oa
al S
a
e over 
 
er al wa
er a 
he rgh

of free ae e joe b foreg hp.
/c "Y -Y'c."'c
Vh 
he bel
of ea ou
war from
he bael e a  up
o g2
c # cccc!
c cc=c  
c au
al mle beo . egar g 
 w
h
he org al rule wa
he
cc# cc c cc c=cc c:  )c) cc c !c
a o ho
 rule where
he w
h wa meaure 
erm of
he
 !c

c cc 
c9
c 

ra ge of hore-bae ar
ller. Vh la
er beame
he 3-mle rule.
U er
he U?CLOS
he rule  ow g2 mle. Vake o
e however

ha
where
he appla
o of
he g2-mle rule
o eghbor g l

oral

a
e woul reul
 overlapp g
he v g l e   
ea a
mea l e equ
a
from
he oppo
e bael e. Bu

h
equ
a
rule oe o
appl where h
or

le or o
her peal
 ma
er or ploma
 age

o ular offer of
he
rum
a e requre a ffere
meaureme
.
Vhe ex
e
of
he
err
oral ea epe  o
he bael e. Vhe bael e

he low-wa
er l e alo g
he oa
a marke o large ale har

offall reog e b
he oa
al S
a
e. Vhe w
h of
he
err
oral
ea  meaure from
h l e. Vhere are 2 wa of raw g
he
bael e. Vhe ormal bael e  raw follow g
he low-wa
er l e
alo g
he oa
a marke o large-ale har
 offall reog e
Page * of g *
o e
o w
h a  rme omm

e o boar
he hp ur g 

paage f
g.c
he o eque e of
he rme ex
e 
o
he oa
al 
a
e
2.c
he rme 
urb
he peae of
he ou
r or goo orer
of
he
err
oral ea
3.c
he hp
flag 
a
e reque
e
he a
a e of
he loal au
hor
e
4.c 
 eear
o uppre ll

raff  aro
 rug.
Vhe oa
al 
a
e ma exere 
 vl jur
o b lev g
exeu
o or arre
 g
he hp o l  repe
of oblga
o  or
labl
e aume or  urre b
he hp 
elf 
he oure of or for

he purpoe of 
 voage
hrough
he wa
er of
he oa
al 
a
e.
b
he oa
al S
a
e. Vh l e follow
he urva
ure of
he oa
a 
;=
3

herefore woul ormall o
o 
of 
ragh
l e. Vhere  o
fxe orm for e
erm  g
h low-wa
er l e or mark bu

he
%
+(! Y
,Y YYugge
e u g
he mea be
wee

he hgh a  low
e.
rhpelag 
a
e  
ea ue 
ragh
bael e. Vhee are raw
o e
 g ele
e po
 o
he oa
w
hou
appreable
epar
ure from
he ge eral hape of
he oa
. Vh wa
he me
ho
ue 
he %
+(! Y
,Y YY a   ow  r
. 7(g) of
U?CLOS. Vh ar
le prove
ha

ragh
bael e ma be ue
where
he oa
l e  eepl  e
e a  u

o or f
here  a
fr ge of la  alo g
he oa
 
 mmea
e v 
. Some
guel e
o be oberve  u g
h me
ho
g.c
he raw g of 
ragh
bael e mu
o
epar

o a 
appreable ex
e
from
he ge eral re
o of
he oa

2.c
he ea area l g w
h
he l e mu
be uffe
l
loel l ke
o
he la  oma
o be ubje

o
he
regme of 
er al wa
er
3.c
he bael e hall o
be raw
o a  from low-
e
eleva
o 
4.c
ake aou
of eo om 
ere
 peular
o
he rego
o er e
he real
 a  mpor
a e of whh are learl
eve e b lo g uage
 val
 u er 
er a
o al law. Vhe elm
a
o of ea
5.c
h me
ho ma o
be apple  uh a ma er a
o u

off
he
err
oral ea of a o
her S
a
e from
he hgh ea or
a EEZ (ex. S gapore)
Vhe overeg
 of
he oa
al 
a
e over 

err
oral ea
he
arpae above 
 a 
he eabe 
he ame a 
 overeg
 over

 la 
err
or. owever
he ea  ubje

o
he rgh
of  oe

paage b o
her 
a
e. Vhe rule o  oe
paage apple
o hp
a  arraf
. Submar e however mu
urfae.
Y oe
paage  avga
o
hrough wa
er  a expe
ou a 
o
 uou ma er whh  o
prejual
o
he peae goo orer
or eur
 of
he oa
al 
a
e. Some example of paage whh 
o
 oe
are fh g pollu
 g weapo  pra
e p g reearh
a
v
e a  a  o
her a
v
 o
hav g a re
bear g o
paage. Coa
al 
a
e o have rgh
 of pro
e
o  whh 
he
u la
eral rgh

o verf
he  oe
hara
er of paage. Vhu
he
ma
ake eear 
ep
o preve
o
 oe
paage a 
he
ma
emporarl upe 
he rgh
of  oe
paage f
h 
ee
al for
he pro
e
o of 
 eur
.
Vake o
e
ha
la  a  rok whh a o
u
a huma
hab
a
o or eo om lfe have
her ow
err
oral ea.
W
h
he
err
oral ea
he flag 
a
e ha rm al a  vl
jur
o . owever
here are exep
o . W
h repe

o rm al
jur
o 
he oa
al 
a
e a exere 
 rm al jur
o 
&:2
Y g935 ?orwa elm
e a er
a fhere o e whh wa
exluvel reerve
o 
 a
o al. Vh elm
a
o  u g 
ragh

bael e wa oppoe b
he UK. Vhe oa
al o e  volve ha a

 
ve o fgura
o (lo g a  ver broke ). Vhe Cour
uphel

h ?orwega elm
a
o .
Y Y+( Y  "+ For
he purpoe of meaur g
he brea
h of

he
err
oral ea 

he low-wa
er mark a oppoe
o
he hgh-
wa
er mark or
he mea be
wee
he
wo
e whh ha ge erall
bee aop
e 
he pra
e of S
a
e. Vh r
ero 
he mo

favourable
o
he oa
al S
a
e a  learl how
he hara
er of

err
oral wa
er a appur
e a

o
he la 
err
or.
0 
 Y+YY cVh me
ho o 
 of ele
 g
appropra
e po
 o
he low-wa
er mark a  raw g 
ragh
l e
be
wee
hem. Vh ha bee vall o e o
o l 
he ae of
well-ef e ba bu
alo  ae of m or urva
ure of
he oa

l e where 
wa olel a que
o of gv g a mpler form
o
he bel

of
err
oral wa
er.
!  &Y+YY Y++cBu

he ?orwega elm
a
o  
ll
ubje

o er
a pr ple whh make 
poble
o juge
he
elm
a
o
area ha alwa a 
er a
o al ape
; 
a o
be epe e

merel upo
he wll of
he oa
al S
a
e a expree  
 mu pal
law. l
hough 

rue
ha

he a
of elm
a
o  eearl a
u la
eral a
 beaue o l
he oa
al S
a
e  ompe
e

o
u er
ake 

he val
 of
he elm
a
o w
h regar
o o
her
S
a
e epe  upo 
er a
o al law. Cer
a ba o era
o 
 here

he a
ure of
he
err
oral ea br g
o lgh
er
a
r
era whh
hough o
e
rel pree a prove our
 w
h a
aequa
e ba for
her eo  whh a be aap
e
o
he
vere fa
  que
o . mo g
hee ome refere e mu
be mae

o
he loe epe e e of
he
err
oral ea upo
he la  oma .
Y

he la  whh o fer upo
he oa
al S
a
e a rgh

o
he
wa
er off 
 oa
. Y
follow
ha
whle uh a S
a
e mu
be
allowe
he la

ue eear  orer
o be able
o aap


elm
a
o
o pra
al ee a  loal requreme

he raw g of
bae-l e mu
o
epar

o a  appreable ex
e
from
he
ge eral re
o of
he oa
. o
her fu ame
al o era
o 

he more or le loe rela
o hp ex
 g be
wee er
a ea area
a 
he la  forma
o  whh ve or urrou 
hem. Vhe real
que
o rae 
he hoe of bae-l e   effe
whe
her er
a
ea area l g w
h
hee l e are uffe
l loel l ke
o
he
la  oma
o be ubje

o
he regme of 
er al wa
er. Vh ea
whh  a

he ba of
he e
erm a
o of
he rule rela
 g
o ba
houl be lberall apple 
he ae of a oa

he geographal
o fgura
o of whh  a u uual a
ha
of ?orwa. Vhe la

o era
o 
ha
of er
a eo om 
ere
 peular
o a

c cc 
c9
c 
 Page g of g *
rego 
he real
 a  mpor
a e of whh are learl eve e b
lo g uage. Coa
l e - (r
. 8 of
he Co ve
o o
he Verr
oral Sea a 
he
Co
guou Zo e)
(+ 
2
;;A3 (a) Vhe l e of mea lower low wa
er o
he ma la  o la 
Vhe legal 
a
u of
he la  loa
e 
he Gulf of Fo ea beame
a ue of pu
e;
he que
o of
he la  fro
er followe  g86g.
Borer  e
 le
o mou
 g
e o be
wee El Salvaor a 
o ura a  ul
ma
el
o a arme o fl
 g969
+
 Y+

,Y?o e of
he la  ha bee
erra
he ou
ermo
perma e
harbour work
ha
form a 
egral par
of
ullu  g82g
he a
e of  epe e e. Vhu overeg
 over
he
la  ha bee aheve aor g
o
he u
 poe
 jur
pr ple (olo al bou are are o
 uall aop
e). owever
he
appla
o of
h pr ple uffere from
he lak of oume

ha

mgh
have
e
fe learl
he apper
a a e of
he la 
o o e
am 
ra
ve 
r
or
he o
her. Vhu
he Cour
wa fore
o
o e
ra
e more o
he behavour of
he par
e w
h regar
o
he
la  af
er g82g. O
h ba
he Cour
fou 
ha
El Vgre
apper
a e
o o ura a  ea guera a  ea guer
a
o El
Salvaor.
+

,Y+ +7 Y  !$0  +7 
Y    Y  +Co er g
he me o  a 
propor
o 
he Gulf woul
oa be regare a a jural ba 
aora e w
h U?CLOS. owever
he Gulf wa o
a  gle S
a
e
ba bu
o 

u
e a o alle h
oral ba whh  e
her ef e

he g958 Co ve
o or 
he Co ve
o of g982. From
h fa


he Cour
o lue
ha

 eo ha
o be
ake o
he ba of
u
omar 
er a
o al law. Cour
looke a

he Ce
ral mera
Cour
of Ju
e of g9g7 o luo
ha

he Gulf of Fo ea
effe
vel o 

u
e a "loe ea" belo g g
o all
hree oa
al
S
a
e ommu all w
h
he exep
o of a
hree mle o e
e
ablhe u la
erall b eah oa
al S
a
e. Vhu
he Ce
ral
mera Cour
vewe
he Gulf of Fo ea a a o om um
reul
 g from
he ueo of
he
hree S
a
e from Spa  g82g.
U
l
he 
he Gulf ha bee a  gle S
a
e ba belo g g
o Spa
alo e. or g
o
he Cour

he eo of
he Ce
ral mera
Cour
u erl e
he fa

ha
a

he
me of  epe e e o
bou are were elm
e 
he Gulf a 
hu
he wa
er ha

$c,< a
ha

erm  ue  paragraph 6 of
rema e u ve.
Cour
hel
ha
Gulf of Fo ea wa a ae of "h
or wa
er"
whereb
he
hree oa
al S
a
e ha ueee
o ommu al
overeg
. Y o
ra

o
he fro
er elm
e o la 
he wa
er
c
$c c  o
her ba (ef e a a well-marke
of
he Gulf ha ever bee ve or o
herwe elm
e af
er
he
 epe e e of
he
hree oa
al S
a
e. Vhu
he ommu al
ueo for
he
hree S
a
e wa a logal o eque e of
he u

poe
 jur pr ple w
h regar
o
he overeg
 of
he Gulf.
8


a  o low-
e eleva
o  l g wholl or par
l w
h
hree
geographal mle from
he l e of mea lower low wa
er o
he
ma la  or o a la ; a 
(b) Vhe l e mark g
he eawar lm
of  la  wa
er.
Vh  lue mofa
o  b a
ural or ar
fal mea  a   lue

he harbour 
em
"Yla " - a a
urall-forme area of la  urrou e b wa
er whh
 above
he level of mea hgh wa
er;
"Low-
e eleva
o " - a a
urall-forme area of la  urrou e b
wa
er a
mea lower low wa
er whh  above
he level of mea
lower low wa
er bu
o
above
he level of mea hgh wa
er;
"ea lower low wa
er" -
he average eleva
o of all
he al lower
low
e ourr g over a pero of g8.6 ear;
"ea hgh wa
er" -
he average eleva
o of all
he hgh
e
ourr g over a pero of g8.6 ear;
"Geographal mle" - a 
a e of g852 me
er (6076.g0333 U.S.
Surve Fee
or approxma
el 6076.gg549 Y
er a
o al Fee
).
oa
ea - wa
er be
wee la  a  wa
er be
wee la 
a 
he ma la  are o
per e  la  wa
er.
"Y la  wa
er" (Par. 2(b) Co ve
o o
he Verr
oral Sea a 
he
Co
guou Zo e) wa
er la war of
he bael e of
he
err
oral
ea a   lue
(a)  rver or 
ream flow g re
l 
o
he ea la war of
a 
ragh
l e aro 
 mou
h;
(b)  por
 la war of 
 ou
ermo
perma e
harbor
work a  a 
ragh
l e aro 
 e
ra e;
()  "
r
le 7 of
he Co ve
o  ef e ee
all a a ba over
whh
he U 
e S
a
e ha
ra
o all aer
e a 
ma
a e om o w
h
he aquee e of foreg a
o ;
() .
oa
al  e
a
o hav g uh pe e
ra
o   propor
o
o
he
w
h of 
 e
ra e a
o o
a la loke wa
er a 
hav g a area  lu g la  w
h
he ba a
lea
a grea

a
he area of a emrle whoe ame
er equal
he le g
h of

he lo g l e aro
he e
ra e of
he ba or
he um of
+2
;>=3 uh lo g l e f
he ba ha more
ha o e e
ra e)
la war of a 
ragh
l e aro 
 e
ra e or f
he e
ra e
Cae  volve
he 
erpre
a
o of ome
erm ue 
he
 more
ha 24 geographal mle we la war of a 
ragh

Submerge La  
. S
a
e of Calfor a a 
he Feeral gover me

l e o
over 24 geographal mle lo g raw w
h
he ba o
are
r g
o e
erm e who ow  a  ha jur
o over
he
a
o e loe
he grea
e
poble amou
of wa
er. e
uar
ubol eabe of
he o
 e
al helf a 
he reoure loa
e
of a rver 
rea
e 
he ame wa a a ba.c

here alo g
he Calfor a. Vo reolve uh
he Cour
ue
he
ef 
o of releva
mar
me
erm.
8+2
;>;3
  Feeral gover me
ow  a  ha exluve jur
o Vhe ue  abou

he orre
ef 
o of Y la  Wa
er. U.S.
over uh beo  3 mle eawar from
he oa
l e. Calfor a ow  argue
ha

he ef 
o  of  la  wa
er o
a e 
he
a  ha exluve jur
o over uh w
h 3 mle or
he
ela  Y
er a
o al Co ve
o o
he Verr
oral Sea (YCVS) houl preval
alo g 
 oa
(ef e a
he hore of
he ma la  a  of la  over Loua a
 o
e
o
ha

houl be
he Y la  Wa
er L e
be
wee
he l e of mea hgh wa
er a 
he l e of mea lower low (YWL) fxe b
he Comma a
of
he Coa
Guar  g895.
wa
er).
0 Y Y+
 YCour
u
a 
he aop
o of
he YCVS
Y
 Cour
aop

he ef 
o  
he Y
er a
o al ef 
o  
he U.S. v. Calfor a ae. Vhe YCVS ef 
o preval
Co ve
o o
he Verr
oral Sea a 
he Co
guou Zo e a  
 a follow - "
he l e of or ar low wa
er alo g
ha
por
o

c cc 
c9
c 

of
he oa
whh   re
o
a
w
h
he ope ea a 
he l e
mark g
he eawar lm
of  la  wa
er."
7Y+YVhe l e mark g
he eawar lm
of  la  wa
er  alo

o be raw  aora e w
h
he ef 
o  of
he Co ve
o o

he Verr
oral Sea a 
he Co
guou Zo e.
Page ) of g *
Borer g 
a
e have
he follow g u
e
g.c o

o mpee
he rgh
of
ra 
paage
2.c
o gve appropra
e publ

o a  a ger
o avga
o or
overflgh
w
h or over
he 
ra
of whh
he have
k owlege
3.c o

o upe 
ra 
paage.

    +YWhe
her par
ular wa
er are  la  ha epe e o Shp a  arraf
exer g
he rgh
of
ra 
paage have
he
h
oral a well a geographal fa
or bu
a we a  U 
e follow g u
e
S
a
e v. Calfor a 
 ge erall agree
ha
h
or

le a be g.c
o proee w
hou
ela
hrough or over
he 
ra

lame o l whe
he "oa
al a
o ha
ra
o all aer
e a  2.c refra from a 
hrea
or ue of fore aga 

he
ma
a e om o w
h
he aquee e of foreg a
o ." overeg

err
oral 
egr
 or pol
al  epe e e
 of S
a
e borer g
he 
ra
 or  a  ma er  vola
o
/Y
!
+Y0YY YY +
+Y
 of
he pr ple 
he U? Char
er
Y,cc
c #
,cc >
c 3.c refra from a  a
v
e o
her
ha
hoe  e

o
her
c 

,c ormal moe of o
 uou a  expe
ou
ra 
u le
?eare

o
he a
o ' Beo 
he  la  Ou
e
he
err
oral eear ue
o fore majeure or 
re
hore are 
/ Vhee wa
er a  meaure ea whh are 4.c
o ompl w
h
he o
her provo  of U?CLOS.
are ubje

o
he from
her eawar 
er a
o al wa
er o
lo foreg veel ma o
arr ou
reearh a  urve a
v
e
omple
e overeg
 ege  a bel
k ow a ubje

o
he om o w
hou

he pror au
hora
o of
he borer g S
a
e.
of
he a
o  a muh
he. W
h 

he of a   gle a
o .
a f
he were a par
of oa
al a
o ma

 la 
err
or a  exere ex
e ve Vake o
e
ha

hee u
e (of borer g S
a
e a  foreg veel)

he oa
al a
o ha o
rol bu
a o
are alo applable
o arhpelag ea la e paage.

he prvlege eve
o e 
he rgh
of
exlue foreg veel  oe
paage
o S
a
e alo ge
he 
ra
 however are able
o regula
e avga
o
al
oge
her. foreg a
o  a  o
her ape
 of paage.
c
0 +Y +Y
+ 5 
Y
Vhe pol  favor of 2
;<;3
a er
a a  
able oa
l e 
ro g a 
 woul eearl
ou
wegh ou
erval g pol o era
o  u er
he Submerge
La  
. We reog e  Calfor a
he erabl
 of "a  gle
oa
l e for bo
h
he am 
ra
o of
he Submerge La  
a 

he o u
of our fu
ure 
er a
o al rela
o ."
$/c . 'Y .c
+Y  5 ++YOblga
o  umbe
upo
c lba a au
hor
e o 
e  o
f g for
he be ef
of
he
S
ra
 ue for 
er a
o al avga
o (
o avga
e be
wee o e
par
of
he hgh ea or a EEZ a  a o
her par
of
he hgh ea or a
EEZ) are u er
he purvew of U?CLOS bu

he legal regme  uh

ra
  whh paage  regula
e  whole or  par
b lo g-

a  g 
er a
o al o ve
o   fore pefall rela
 g
o
+
 1
uh 
ra
  o
affe
e. Vhrough
hee wa
er hp a  arraf

of all ou
re are allowe
ra 
paage a lo g a
he
proeee w
hou
ela a  w
hou

hrea
e  g
he borer g

a
e.
Vra 
paage 
he exere of
he freeom of avga
o a 
overflgh
olel for
he purpoe of expe
ou a  o
 uou
ra 

(
hu
he mu
proee w
hou
ela) of
he 
ra
. Dur g
ra 

paage foreg hp  lu g mar
me e
f reearh a 
hrograph urve hp ma o
arr ou
a  reearh or urve
a
v
e w
hou

he pror au
hora
o of
he borer g 
a
e.
Vra 
paage   applable 
hree  
a e
g.c f
here ex

hrough
he 
ra
a rou
e
hrough
he hgh
ea or a EEZ of mlar o ve e e  whh ae
he
freeom of avga
o a  overflgh
woul appl
2.c f
he 
ra
 forme b a la  of a 
a
e borer g
he

ra
a  
 ma la  a 
here ex
 eawar of
he
la  a rou
e
o
he hgh ea or EEZ of mlar
o ve e e  whh ae
he rgh
of  oe
paage
woul appl
quaro of Br
h warhp
he ruer aur
u a  Lea er
a 
he e
roer Saumare a  Molage lef

he por
of Corfu a 
proeee or
hwar
hrough a ha el prevoul wep
for m e

he ?or
h Corfu S
ra
. Several hp 
ruk a m e a  were
amage. UK ue People' epubl of lba a
%+&
hpp g  ge eral
he ex
e e of a m efel  lba a
err
oral
wa
er a   war  g
he Br
h warhp of
he mm e
a ger
o
whh
he m efel expoe
hem.
7%00
g. eleme
ar o era
o  of huma 
 eve more exa
 g 
peae
ha
 war
2.
he pr ple of freeom of mar
me ommu a
o
3. ever S
a
e' oblga
o o

o allow k ow gl 

err
or
o
be ue for a
 o
rar
o
he rgh
 of o
her S
a
e. lba a
wa aware of
he m ela g  e
he geograph of
he 
ra

eal allowe lba a lgh
houe wa
her
o vew uh
a
v
e.
Y 
Y  
   
  Y
-Y  Y  +
+Vhe eve r
ero  
 geographal 
ua
o a o e
 g

wo par
 of
he hgh ea a 
he fa
of 
 be g ue for

er a
o al avga
o . Vhe a
ure of
he Cha el a
fe
h
r
ero . Y
ha bee a ueful rou
e for 
er a
o al mar
me
raff.

o
al umber of 2 884 hp have pae
hrough
he Cha el  a
pero of g ear a  9 mo
h. Paage
hrough 

herefore a o

be prohb
e b a oa
al S
a
e 
me of peae. Comba
forma
o
e
erm e f a paage   oe
.
3.c f
he 
ra
 be
wee a par
of
he hgh ea or EEZ a 
he $*!1Y
er a
o al 
ra
 are ubje

o o -upe ble

err
oral ea of a o
her 
a
e  whh ae
he rgh
of rgh
 of  oe
paage.
 oe
paage woul appl.
/c '>Y "'-.c

c cc 
c9
c 
 Page of g *
c mmgra
o  or a 
a
o au
hor
 over 

err
oral wa
er or
rhpelag 
a
e are
hoe whh are mae up wholl of o e or
err
or a 
o pu h uh  fr geme
.
more arhpelago. For
hee 
a
e
he 
ragh
bael e are raw
be
wee
he ou
ermo
po
 of
he ou
ermo
la  prove Vake o
e
ha

he power of o
rol oe o
ha ge
he a
ure of

hee po
 are uffe
l loe
o o e a o
her a 
ha
w
h uh
he wa
er. Beo 
he
err
oral ea
he wa
er are hgh ea a 
bael e are  lue
he ma la  a  a area  whh
he o
ubje

o
he overeg
 of
he oa
al 
a
e.
wa
er area
o la  area ra
o  be
wee gg a  9g. ll wa
er  e

hee bael e are arhpelag wa
er. Some guel e  raw g

he bael e
 jur
o 
hu beo 
he S
a
e

g.c
he le g
h of uh bael e hall o
exee g00 au
al
mle exep

ha
up
o 3% of all
he bael e ma reah
up
o g25 mle
2.c
he raw g of
he bael e hall o
epar

o a 
appreable ex
e
from
he ge eral o fgura
o of
he
arhpelago
3.c uh bael e hall o
be raw
o a  from low-
e
eleva
o 
4.c
hee hall o
be apple  uh a ma er a
o u
off
from
he hgh ea or EEZ
he
err
oral ea of a o
her S
a
e
Whle arhpelag 
a
e have overeg
 over a ea area e loe
b
he bael e all o
her 
a
e e jo
he rgh
of  oe
paage

hrough eg a
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he
rgh
of arhpelag ea la e paage whh refer
o o
 uou
expe
ou a  u ob
ru
e paage  ea la  a  ar rou
e

hrough or over
he arhpelag wa
er a 
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err
oral
ea of
he arhpelag 
a
e 
ra 
be
wee o e par
of
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her par
of
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 g
agreeme
 w
h o
her 
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a
e  er
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he ma
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replaeme
of ubmar e able fall g w
h arhpelag wa
er.
Vake o
e
ha
u er U?CLOS
he wa
er  e
he arhpelag
bael e are alle arhpelag wa
er.  whle arhpelag 
a
e
ma eg a
e ea la e a  ar rou
e u
able for o
 uou a 
$*!1Vh wa ae a a repo e
o hp whh woul
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he S
a
e
rm al jur
o  bu
woul o a
  mal
o
he oa
al S
a
e.
emember
ha

he jur
o  lm
e; beo 
he 4 area follow

he regme of
he EEZ. Vake o
e
ha

h 
he o l op
o al regme.
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c
Vh refer
o (a)
he eabe a  ubol of
he ubmar e area
ajae

o
he oa
al 
a
e bu
ou
e
he
err
oral ea
o a ep
h
of 200 me
er or beo 
ha
lm

o where
he ep
h allow
explo
a
o ; a  (b)
he eabe a  ubol of area ajae

o
la . U er pefe rum
a e
he o
 e
al helf a
ex
e  up
o a 
a e of 350 mle.
Vhe oa
al 
a
e ha
he rgh

o explore a  explo

 a
ural
reoure
o ere
eee  
alla
o  a 
o ere
a afe
 o e
over 
  
alla
o  w
h a rau of 500 me
er. Vhee rgh
 o o

epe  o oupa
o  effe
ve or o
o al or a  expre
prolama
o . Vh rgh
oe o
affe

he rgh
of avga
o of
o
her. oreover
h rgh
oe o
ex
e 
o o -reoure ma
eral

he helf area uh a wreke hp a 
her argoe. Coa
al

a
e alo have
he rgh

o regula
e au
hore a  o u
mar e
e
f reearh o
he o
 e
al helf.
Vake o
e
ha
ar
fal la  or  
alla
o  are o
la  u er
U?CLOS
hough oa
al 
a
e ma e
ablh afe
 o e a 
prerbe afe
 meaure arou 
hem. Yla  o have
her ow
o
 e
al helve.
expe
ou paage over
hee arhpelag wa
er f
he arhpelag

a
e oe o
eg a
e uh la e
he rgh
of arhpelag ea la e
paage ma 
ll be exere
hrough rou
e ormall ue for
ee
ar.

er a
o al avga
o . Vh  r
e a be g u ul
$*!1Compare
he rgh
 of
he oa
al 
a
e for
he EEZ
(reoure = all e ompa g) a 
he o
 e
al helf. For
he
la

er o l for lv g reoure perma e
l a

ahe
bure ome for arhpelag 
a
e. (% Y+
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2
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 ?or
h Sea whh  volve De mark
he ?e
herla  a  Germa .
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he Phlpp e Co 

u
o  all wa
er o e
 g
he la 
are 
er al wa
er. Vhu whe
he ou
r ra
fe
he U?CLOS a
elara
o wa ae prov g
ha

Vhe g  g of
he Co ve
o hall o
 a  ma er mpar or
prejue
he overeg rgh
 of
he epubl of
he Phlpp e u er
a  ar g from
he Co 

u
o Suh g  g hall o
 a 
ma er affe

he overeg rgh
 of
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ou
of
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 of Par a 
he Vrea
 of Wah g
o Vhe
provo  of
he Co ve
o o arhpelag paage
hrough ea
la e o o
ullf or mpar
he overeg
 of
he Phlpp e a a
arhpelag S
a
e over
he ea la e a  o o
eprve 
of
au
hor

o e a
legla
o
o pro
e

 overeg

 epe e e a  eur
.

Vh ae o er e
he elm
a
o of
he o
 e
al helf 
he
De mark a 
he ?e
herla  bo
h wa
e
o appl
he equ
a e
pr ple whle Germa  oppoe a
h woul propor
o a
el
reue 
 area ue
o
he o ave Germa oa
l e.

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ablh g
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of a area alrea  pr ple apper
a  g
o
he oa
al S
a
e a 
o

he e
erm a
o e ovo of uh a area. Delm
a
o  a
equ
able ma er  o e
h g bu
o

he ame
h g a awar g a
ju
a  equ
able hare of a prevoul u elm
e area eve

hough  a umber of ae
he reul
 ma be omparable or eve
e
al.
Y Y  
   Y   . Vhe rgh
 of
he oa
al S
a
e  repe
of

he area of o
 e
al helf
ha
o 

u
e a a
ural prolo ga
o
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 la 
err
or 
o a  u er
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c   b vr
ue of 
 overeg
 over
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e o
Vh  a area of wa
er o
exee g 24 au
al mle from
he of 
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 for
he purpoe of explor g
he
bael e. Y

hu ex
e  g2 au
al mle from
he ege of
he eabe a  explo
 g 
 a
ural reoure. Y hor

here  here a

err
oral ea. Vhe oa
al 
a
e exere au
hor
 over
ha
area
o  here
rgh
. Y orer
o exere 
 o peal legal proe ha
o

he ex
e
eear
o preve
 fr geme
of 
 u
om fal be go e
hrough or have a  peal legal a

o be performe. Y

ex
e e a be elare bu
oe o
ee
o be o 

u
e.

c cc 
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Fur
hermore
he rgh
oe o
epe  o 
 be g exere. Y

follow
ha

he o
o of appor
o  g a a e
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e foreg
o a   o 
e
w
h
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of
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 e
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leme
.
m. YY  +
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ha ever bee oub
e
ha


he equ
a e me
ho of elm
a
o  a ver o ve e
o e. e


h oe o
uffe
o o ver
wha
 a me
ho 
o a rule of law
mak g
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a e of
he reul
 of u g
ha
me
ho oblga
or
 all ae  whh
he par
e o o
agree o
herwe or  whh
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a e' a o
be how
o ex
.
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 Y Y +Y+
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 . Vhu equ
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h purpoe
he equ
a e

he que
o of whh par
 of
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 e
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o' a
oa
l e borer g more
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a
e fall w
h
he appur
e a e
of whh of
hem rema 
o
h ex
e
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o be
e
erm e o a ba exluvel of proxm
. Eve f proxm
 ma
affor o e of
he
e

o be apple a  a mpor
a
o e 
he rgh

o 
o  
ma o
eearl be
he o l or  all
rum
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 YY. YY Y 
Y
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he
Y  Y
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a
o of
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 e
al helf. Vhu 
ha bee ee 
he
Y Y
 Submar e area o o
reall apper
a
o
he oa
al
S
a
e beaue
he are ear 
. Wha
o fer
he # Y

le whh

er a
o al law a

rbu
e
o
he oa
al S
a
e  repe
of 

o
 e
al helf 
he fa

ha

he ubmar e area o er e ma
be eeme
o be a
uall par
of
he
err
or over whh
he oa
al
S
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e alrea ha om o  
he e e
ha
 al
hough overe w
h
wa
er
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o or o
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ha

err
or a
ex
e o of 
u er
he ea. Vhu whe ever a gve ubmar e area
oe o
o 

u
e a a
ural ex
e o of
he la 
err
or of a
oa
al S
a
e eve
hough
ha
area ma be loer
o 

ha 

o

he
err
or of a  o
her S
a
e 
a o
be regare a apper
a  g

o
ha
S
a
e; or a
lea

a o
be o regare 
he fae of a
ompe
 g lam b a S
a
e of whoe la 
err
or
he ubmar e
area o er e 
o be regare a a a
ural ex
e o  eve f 

le loe
o 
.
Y Y Y ?o obje
o ee be fel

o
he ea of
$ Y%#Y +For oppo
e S
a
e
he a
ural prolo ga
o 
ma mee
a  overlap a  a o l be elm
e b a mea l e;
a  g or g
he pree e of le
 rok a  m or oa
al
proje
o 
he propor
o all 
or
 g effe
of whh a be
elm a
e b o
her mea  uh a l e mu
effe
a equal vo
of
he par
ular area  volve. Vh
pe of ae  ffere
from
ha

of la
erall ajae
S
a
e o
he ame oa
w
h o mmea
el
oppo
e oa
 fro
of 
. Wherea a mea l e ve equall
be
wee 2 oppo
e ou
re area
ha
a be regare a be g
he
a
ural prolo ga
o of
he
err
or of eah of
hem a la
eral
equ
a e l e of
e leave
o g of
he S
a
e o er e area
ha

are a a
ural prolo ga
o of
he
err
or of
he o
her. Vhe 
or
 g
effe
 of la
eral equ
a e l e u er er
a o 
o  of oa
al
o fgura
o are ever
hele ompara
vel mall w
h
he lm

of
err
oral wa
er bu
proue
her maxmum effe

he
loal
e where
he ma o
 e
al helf area le fur
her ou
.
Vhere  alo a re
orrela
o be
wee
he o
o of loe

proxm

o
he oa
a 
he overeg jur
o whh
he
oa
al S
a
e  e

le
o exere a  mu
exere o
o l over

he eabe u er ea
h
he
err
oral wa
er bu
over
he wa
er
Page  of g *
Y+   Y 
YYY  Y  Y 
Y. +Y +Y
(a)
he par
e are u er a oblga
o
o e
er 
o ego
a
o  w
h
a vew
o arrv g a
a agreeme
 a  o
merel
o go
hrough a
formal proe of ego
a
o a a or
of pror o 
o for
he
au
oma
 appla
o of a er
a me
ho of elm
a
o 
he
abe e of agreeme
;
he are u er a oblga
o o
o o u


hemelve
ha

he ego
a
o  are mea  gful whh wll o
be

he ae whe e
her of
hem  
 upo 
 ow po
o w
hou

o
empla
 g a  mofa
o of 
;
(b)
he par
e are u er a oblga
o
o a
 uh a wa
ha
 
he
par
ular ae a 
ak g all
he rum
a e 
o aou

me
ho a be ue bu
o
her me
ho ex
a  ma be emploe
alo e or  omb a
o  aor g
o
he area  volve;
()
he o
 e
al helf of a  S
a
e mu
be
he a
ural prolo ga
o
of 
 la 
err
or a  mu
o
e roah upo wha

he a
ural
prolo ga
o of
he
err
or of a o
her S
a
e.
Y. 
  Y1
ae of o ave or o vex oa
l e
ha
f
he equ
a e me
ho
 emploe
he
he grea
er
he rregular
 a 
he fur
her from

he oa
l e
he area
o be elm
e
he more u reao able are
he
reul
 proue. So grea
a exaggera
o of
he o eque e of a
a
ural geographal fea
ure mu
be remee or ompe a
e for
a far a poble be g of 
elf rea
ve of  equ
.
(b) Where
here  o ou
er bou ar
o
he o
 e
al helf 

happe 
ha

he lam of everal S
a
e o verge mee
a 

erro  loal
e where ep
e
her 
a e from
he oa


he be of
he ea 
ll u que
o abl o 
 of o
 e
al helf.

u of
hee o verge e how how  equ
able woul be
he
appare
mplfa
o brough
abou
b a elm
a
o whh
g or g uh geographal rum
a e wa bae olel o
he
equ
a e me
ho.
Y
effe
 g a elm
a
o of ajo  g o
 e
al helf area b
he
o urre
ue of varou me
ho. Equ
 oe o
eearl mpl
equal
. Vhere a ever be a  que
o of omple
el refaho  g
a
ure a  equ
 oe o
requre
ha
a S
a
e w
hou
ae
o
he
ea houl be allo

e a area of o
 e
al helf a  more
ha

here oul be a que
o of re er g
he 
ua
o of a S
a
e w
h a
ex
e ve oa
l e mlar
o
ha
of a S
a
e w
h a re
r
e
oa
l e. Bu
here
here are 3 S
a
e whoe ?or
h Sea oa
l e are
 fa
omparable  le g
h a  whh have bee gve broal
equal
rea
me
b a
ure exep

ha

he o fgura
o of o e of
he
oa
l e woul f
he equ
a e me
ho  ue e 
o o e of

hee S
a
e
rea
me
equal or omparable
o
ha
gve
he o
her

wo.  equ
  rea
e merel beaue o e oa
l e  roughl
o vex a 
he o
her o ave. Y
 o
a que
o of
o
all
refaho  g geograph wha
ever
he fa
 of
he 
ua
o bu
 gve
a geographal 
ua
o of qua-equal
 a be
wee a umber of
S
a
e of aba
 g
he effe
 of a  e
al peal fea
ure from
whh a u ju
fable ffere e of
rea
me
oul reul
.
  Y  Y 

hemelve whh oe o
ex
 repe
of o
 e
al helf area g. . Vhe o
 e
al helf  a area phall ex
e  g
he
where
here  o jur
o over
he uperjae
wa
er a  over
err
or of mo
oa
al S
a
e 
o a pee of pla
form. Vhe

he eabe o l for purpoe of explora
o a  explo
a
o . appur
e a e of
he helf
o
he ou
re  fro
of whoe
oa
l e 
le  a fa
 a  
a be ueful
o o er
he geolog

c cc 
c9
c 
 Page 2 of g *
of
ha
helf  orer
o f  ou
whe
her
he re
o
ake b o ep
   par
ef e b 
a e from
he hore rrepe
ve of
er
a o fgura
o al fea
ure houl  flue e elm
a
o .
he phal a
ure of
he 
erve  g ea-be a  ubol. Vhe
2. . Vhe pr ple 
ha

he la  om a
e
he ea; 
 o ep
 of a
ural prolo ga
o a  
a e are
herefore o

o eque
l eear
o exam e loel
he geographal oppoe bu
ompleme
ar.
o fgura
o of
he oa
l e of
he ou
re whoe o
 e
al
helve are
o be elm
e. S e
he la  
he legal oure of
he m. +YY
 Y+   +Vhe elm
a
o of a o
 e
al
power whh a S
a
e ma exere over
err
oral ex
e o 
o helf bou ar mu
be effe
e b
he appla
o of equ
able
eawar 
mu
fr
be learl e
ablhe wha
fea
ure o  fa
pr ple  all
he releva
rum
a e  orer
o aheve a
o 

u
e uh ex
e o . equ
able reul
.
3. &
ccc
. Vhe a
ural reoure of
he ubol of
he
ea 
hoe par
 whh o 
of o
 e
al helf are
he ver 0YY. +Y +Y
he pr ple
ha

here 
o be o
obje
of
h legal regme. e

freque
l our
ha

he ame que
o of refaho  g geograph or ompe a
 g for
he
epo
le o bo
h e of
he l e v g a o
 e
al helf  equal
e of a
ure;
he rela
e pr ple of o -e roahme
b
be
wee
wo S
a
e a   e 
 poble
o explo
uh a epo
o e par
 o
he a
ural prolo ga
o of
he o
her (
he oa
al S
a
e
from e
her e a problem mmea
el are o aou
of
he rk e jo overeg rgh
 over
he o
 e
al helf off 
 oa

o
he
of prejual or wa
eful explo
a
o b o e or o
her of
he S
a
e full ex
e
au
hore b 
er a
o al law 
he releva

o er e. ll
ha
 eee 
o refer
o
he u er
ak g e
ere rum
a e);
he pr ple of repe
ue
o all uh releva


o b
he oa
al S
a
e of
ha
ea w
h a vew
o e ur g
he mo
rum
a e;
he pr ple
ha
al
hough all S
a
e are equal before
effe
explo
a
o or
he appor
o me
of
he prou
 ex
ra
e.
he law a  are e

le
o equal
rea
me
 "equ
 oe o

4. ccc

 whh a elm
a
o eearl mpl equal
" or oe 
eek
o make equal wha

effe
e aor g
o equ
able pr ple ough

o br g abou
a
ure ha mae u equal; a 
he pr ple
ha

here a be o
be
wee
he ex
e
of
he o
 e
al helf apper
a  g
o
he S
a
e que
o of 
rbu
ve ju
e.
o er e a 
he le g
h of
her repe
ve oa
l e
hee be g
meaure aor g
o
her ge eral re
o  orer
o e
ablh ,  Y Y& Y Y Y1 la ma rela
ve

he eear bala e be
wee S
a
e w
h 
ragh
 a 
hoe w
h eo om po
o  of
he Par
e eur
 o era
o  a 
he
markel o ave or o vex oa
 or
o reue ver rregular pr ple of equal
.
oa
l e
o
her
ruer propor
o . Vhe hoe a  appla
o of

he appropra
e
eh al me
ho woul be a ma

er for
he par
e.
 + Y Y Wha

he Cour

e e wa
propor
o al
 wa
o be ue a a mea  of e
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he
"!+%
2
;1=3 orre
 g
he k  of 
or
o
ha
oul are from
he ue of a
Vh o er e
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a
o of
he o
 e
al helf be
wee me
ho  ap

o
ake aequa
e aou
of ome k  of oa
al
Lba a  al
a. Vhe e
erra ea  borere b Vu a (ea
) o fgura
o .
Y
al ( or
h) Greee (we
) a  Lba (ou
h). al
a  a group of
la  
ua
e 
he e
erra ea 
o
he ou
h of Y
al a 
o
he Y+   Y1
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h of Lba. Lba
 oa
 g fa
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ha
ha
of al
a. g. ake a provo al elm
a
o b u g a r
ero a  a me
ho
bo
h of whh are learl e
 e
o pla a mpor
a
role 
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.
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Y Y 
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 Y  ++ Vhe law applable
o lam rela
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 e
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e
 Y  YYY. +Y+ Vhe Co ve
o e
 a goal
o le
ha 200 mle from
he oa
 of
he S
a
e o a r
ero of
be aheve bu
 le
a
o
he me
ho
o be followe
o aheve 
a e from
he Coa
or o
he pr ple of ajae  a meaure

. Y
re
r
 
elf
o e

 g a 
a ar a  
 lef

o S
a
e b 
a e. Vhu
he hoe of
he r
ero a 
he me
ho
o be

hemelve or
o
he our

o e ow
h 
a ar w
h pef ue
o arrve a
a provo al reul
houl be mae  a ma er
o
e
. o 
e
w
h
he o ep
 u erl g
he a

rbu
o of legal

le.
Y
h elm
a
o be
wee oppo
e oa

he
ra g of a mea
Y+  mm/+Y
+
 Y +Y+
 
 Vhe
wo l e be
wee
hoe oa
 b wa of a provo al 
ep 
he mo

 

u
o  - o
 e
al helf a  EEZ are l ke
oge
her 
moer law. S e
he rgh
 e joe b a S
a
e over 
 o
 e
al
helf woul alo be poee b 
over
he ea-be a  ubol of
a  EEZ whh 
mgh
prolam o e of
he releva
rum
a e
o
be o ere for
he elm
a
o of
he o
 e
al helf of a S
a
e

he legall permble ex
e
of
he EEZ apper
a  g
o
ha
ame
S
a
e. Vh oe o
mea
ha

he o ep
of
he o
 e
al helf
ha bee aborbe b
ha
of
he EEZ; 
oe however g f
ha

grea
er mpor
a e mu
be a

rbu
e
o eleme
 uh a 
a e
from
he Coa
 whh are ommo
o bo
h o ep
. l
hough
he
 

u
o  of
he o
 e
al helf a 
he EEZ are ffere
a 

 

he rgh
 whh
he EEZ e
al over
he ea-be of
he o e
are ef e b refere e
o
he regme la ow for
he o
 e
al
helf. l
hough
here a be a o
 e
al helf where
here  o
EEZ
here a o
be a EEZ w
hou
a orrepo  g o
 e
al
helf. Y
follow
ha

he 
a e r
ero mu
ow appl
o
he
o
 e
al helf a well a
o
he EEZ. Wha

h mea  
ha
where

he o
 e
al marg oe o
ex
e  a far a 200 mle from
he
hore a
ural prolo ga
o  whh  p
e of 
 phal org  ha

hroughou

 h
or beome more a  more a omplex a  jural
juou ma er of proee g w
h a vew
o
he eve
ual
aheveme
of a equ
able reul
. Vake o
e
ha

he mea l e
raw  o l provo al. Were
he Cour

o
rea

a f al 
woul
be o ferr g o
he equ
a e me
ho
he 
a
u of be g
he
o l me
ho
he ue of whh  ompulor 
he ae of oppo
e
oa
. U er ex
 g law 
mu
be emo 
ra
e
ha

he
equ
a e me
ho lea
o a equ
able reul

he ae 
que
o . Vo aheve
h purpoe
he reul

o whh
he 
a e
r
ero lea mu
be exam e 
he o
ex
of appl g equ
able
pr ple
o
he releva
rum
a e. lo remember
ha

o
aheve a equ
able reul
 a 
ua
o  whh
he equ
a e
l e  prma fae
he appropra
e me
ho all releva
rum
a e
mu
be exam e  e
he ma have a wegh

he aeme
of

he equ
e of
he ae whh 
woul be proper
o
ake 
o aou

a 
o refle
 a aju
me
of
he equ
a e l e.
2. Exam a
o of
he provo al olu
o  lgh
of
he requreme

erve from o
her r
era whh ma all for a orre
o of
he
 
al reul
.

c cc 
c9
c 
 Page 3 of g *
Due
o
he grea
ffere e  le g
h of
he oa
 a 
he ge eral
wo S
a
e  ajae
bu
beaue of
he ha ge  re
o of
he
geographal o
ex
(
he al
ee la  appear a a rela
vel mall oa
of Vu a 
eem oppo
e a
ome po
. Vhe  
al
fea
ure  a em-e loe ea)  orer
o e ure
he aheveme
elm
a
o l e  a
e b
he YCJ wll
herefore ex
e  from
he
of a equ
able olu
o 
he elm
a
o l e mu
be aju
e o a ou
er lm
of
he
err
oral ea u
l 
 
ere
o w
h
he parallel

o le loer
o
he oa
 of al
a. W
h
he area w
h whh
he of la

ue of
he po
o
he oa
of
he Gulf of Gabe. Y
Cour
 o er e
he oa
 of
he Par
e are oppo
e
o eah e
erm  g
he a gula
o of
he eo  lke
he ex
e e of
he
o
her a 
he equ
a e l e be
wee
hem le broal we

o Kerke ah Yla  (Vu a) houl be o ere. Vhe Kerke ah
ea
 o
ha

 aju
me
a be a
fa
orl a  mpl aheve Yla   urrou e b le
 a  low-
e eleva
o . Some effe

b
ra po g 
 a exa
l or
hwar re
o . Vh l e mee
 mu
be a

rbu
e
o 
. Vhe Cour
ha
o
ake 
o aou
o
o l

he requreme
 of
he
e
of propor
o al
 a   equ
able
he la  bu
alo
he low-
e eleva
o  whh whle
he o o

gve all releva
rum
a e. a o la  have a  o
 e
al helf of
her ow  o e jo ome
reog 
o  
er a
o al law for er
a purpoe. owever f
he


:52
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he l e ru parallel
o
he la  oa
l e
ha
woul be
Vhe ae regar g
he mar e elm
a
o wa remove from
he l
gv g
he la 
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. e e half-effe
mu
be ue.
of ae of
he YCJ beaue bo
h par
e mu
uall roppe
he ae. Vhe
eh que  volve raw g c



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o
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ha
bo
h par
e agree o e
ablh g a
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he c$ a

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o 
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o me
ho 

er a
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he jo explo
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he o
her 

cc
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 o

que
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a
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uall aop
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her  uh a wa a
o ve equall
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&

2
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wee
hem or a be
or of
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he make w
h eah
o
her or pobl b
rea
 g
he la  a plae
owar
he
Vhough
he Cour
wa prmarl foue o
he ue of jur
o 
ma la  b half 
 a
ual 
a e
herefrom.

h ae
he releva
ue  whe
her or o
er
a la  u er
Greek overeg
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le
o a o
 e
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e

le Greee
o all for
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2
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la  a 
he Vurkh Coa
. Vh  volve
he elm
a
o of
he o
 e
al helve of Fra e
a  UK 
he ?or
h Sea. Y
h ae
he Cour
o ere
he effe

!#  YCJ ha o jur
o  e Vurke  o
aep
uh of er
a geologal fea
ure
o
he elm
a
o .
jur
o 
he ome Commu que.
VYm. Y(0Y+  YY +U er r
le 6
he
V "Y &VY la   que
o are mere pro
ubera e of
he equ
a e pr ple ul
ma
el poee a oblga
or fore whh
Vurkh o
 e
al helf a  have o o
 e
al helf of
her ow . 
oe o
have 
he ame meaure u er
he rule of u
omar
(Cour
 o
ee o
h ue  e 
ha o jur
o bu
Y law. Bu

he equ
a e-peal rum
a e rule mea 
ha

he

h k Sr arr agree w
h Vurke

heor  e bae o
he map oblga
o
o appl
he equ
a e pr ple  alwa o e qualfe

o gra
o
 e
al helve woul e roah 
he
err
oral ea of b
he o 
o "u le a o
her bou ar l e  ju
fe b peal
Vurke) rum
a e". Vhe role of
he "$
c$
$
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o 
Vhe ue of whe
her
hee la  have
her ow o
 e
al helf
o e ure a equ
able elm
a
o a 
he omb e "equ
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he la  eerve helve) peal rum
a e rule"  effe
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ular expreo
o a
elm
a
o (wha

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hee helve) a 
err
oral 
a
u ge eral orm
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e
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e roah o e
ablhe a
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o be e
erm e o
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l
he que
o whe
her
he ue of
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h ae
he pr ple 
he Spaa ae a 
he equ
a e pr ple or ome o
her me
ho  appropra
e for
Er
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o woul appl. Y our uo  Sr a
ha
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able elm
a
o  ver muh a ma

er of

he me
ho of half effe
oul be apple. apprea
o 
he lgh
of
he geographal a  o
her rum
a e.

$ Y  Y Vhroughou

he E glh Cha el where
he oa
 of
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Fra e &
he UK are oppo
e eah o
her
he bou ar houl 
Lba a  Vu a reque
e
he YCJ
o e
erm e wha
pr ple a 
pr ple be
he mea l e equ
a
from
he repe
ve oa
.
rule of 
er a
o al law ma be apple for
he elm
a
o of
he
Vhe rela
o hp of "oppo
e" or "ajae
" S
a
e  o
h g bu
a
area of
he o
 e
al helf apper
a  g
o Lba a 
o
ha
of
refle
o of
he geographal fa
. Vhe 
 
o raw be
wee
Vu a; ee aor g
o 0
c
$
 a 
he c

he
wo geographal 
ua
o   o e erve o
from a  legal
$
$
$ whh hara
ere
he area a well a
he ew

heor bu
from
he ver ub
a e of
he ffere e be
wee
he
aep
e
re  
he Vhr Co fere e o
he Law of
he Sea; a 

wo 
ua
o . Wherea  "oppo
e" S
a
e a mea l e wll
larf
he pra
al me
ho for
he appla
o of
hee pr ple o
ormall effe
a broal equ
able elm
a
o  a la
eral

he a elm
w
hou
fful
.
equ
a e l e ex
e  g ou
war from
he oa
 of ajae

S
a
e for lo g 
a e ma reul
 a  equ
able elm
a
o b
VY2Y 
+
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Y Vhe elm
a
o 
o be effe
e 

reao of
he 
or
 g effe
of  vual geographal fea
ure. Y

aora e w
h equ
able pr ple o er g all releva


he omb e effe
of
he e-b-e rela
o hp of
he
wo S
a
e
rum
a e. Vhe area
o be elm
e o 

u
e a 
c
a 
he prolo ga
o of
he la
eral bou ar for grea

a e
o
$
c a
he a
ural prolo ga
o of bo
h S
a
e o
eawar whh ma be prou
ve of  equ
 a  
he ee e of
pr ple of a
ural prolo ga
o a o
be ue. Vhe area 

he 
 
o be
wee "ajae
" a  "oppo
e" oa
 
ua
o .
elm
e b
wo l e. Y ef  g
he a gula
o of
he  
al l e

he Cour

ook o
e of
he ex
e e of
he l e 
cc$ b
,   Y
he legal frame
o be ue 
ha
of elm
a
o be
wee
eah Par
 v g
her pe
roleum o eo .  for
he eo 
oppo
e S
a
e. Vhe fr

ep houl be
o e
erm e
he oure of
l e
he $c
c
$
ccc$  a fa
whh mu
be

he mea l e w
h
he Cha el. Vake o
e
ha

he ur Deep-

ake 
o aou
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e
ha

h ae
he la 
err
or of
he
ur Deep Faul
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ure wa

o ere b

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he Cour
gve
he ee
al geologal o
 u
 of
he area (
he
ur Deep were ju
o
 u
e 
he eabe a  ubol whh


rup

he ee
al u 
 of
he o
 e
al helf). a ub
a
al m u
o of
he area of o
 e
al helf whh woul
,Y  Y
 YY+Y Y Y+Vhe Cha el Yla  rea
ve of  equ
 a  all g for a me
ho of elm
a
o
ha

( o
o 

u
o all par
of
he UK bu
re
epe e e of
he
Br
h Crow whh were
rea
e a par
of
he UK  e
he UK wa

he repo ble au
hor
 w
h regar
o
he o
 e
al helf) are

ua
e o
he Fre h e a  w
h
he arm of a gulf o
he
Fre h oa
. Vhe pree e of
hee la  
ha
par
ular 
ua
o

urb
he bala e or
he geographal rum
a e whh woul
++   Y
  Y++1 Fr

o
o
herwe ex
be
wee
he Par
e 
h rego a a reul
of
he
broa equal
 of
he oa
l e of
her ma la . Vhe legal
framework 
ha
of
wo oppo
e S
a
e o e or whh poee
la 
err
ore loe
o
he oa
of
he o
her S
a
e.
,   Y Y avga
o al efe e a  eur
 
ere
 

he rego .
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o  wha
0Y Y
o elm
a eo  bou ar e
ablh g v--v
he
area of o
 e
al helf are
o be o ere a legall
he a
ural
prolo ga
o of
he Cha el Yla  ra
her
ha of Fra e. Y

er a
o al law
he o ep
of
he o
 e
al helf  a jural
o ep
whh o o
e
he a
ural prolo ga
o u er
he ea o

of a o
 e
or geographal la  ma bu
of
he la 
err
or of
eah S
a
e. Vh mea 
ha

he ope a 
he o 
o  for 

appla
o are o
e
erm e exluvel b
he phal fa
 of
geograph bu
alo b legal rule. oreover 
 lear (gve
he
peal rum
a e provo & empha o equ
able pr ple)

ha

he fore of
he ar al pr ple of a
ural prolo ga
o of

err
or  o
abolu
e bu
ma be ubje

o qualfa
o . Vhe
pr ple of a
ural prolo ga
o of
err
or a o
be a
o requre

ha

he o
 e
al helf
o
he or
h a  or
hwe
of
he Cha el
Yla  houl be o ere a au
oma
all a  eearl
appur
e a

o
hem ra
her
ha
o Fra e. e
 f
he fore of
he
pr ple of a
ural prolo ga
o of
err
or were abolu
e a mall
la  woul blok
he a
ural prolo ga
o of
he
err
or of
he
earb ma la  
he ame wa f o
alwa
o
he ame ex
e

a a larger la . Vhe que
o of
he appur
e a e
o
he Cha el
Yla  of
he area of o
 e
al helf ex
e  g
o
her or
h a 

or
h-we
 o

herefore reolve merel b referr g
o
he
pr ple of a
ural prolo ga
o . Vhe pr ple of a
ural
prolo ga
o of
err
or  e
her
o be e
ae or
rea
e a
abolu
e  a ae where la  belo g g
o o e S
a
e are 
ua
e
o o
 e
al helf whh woul o
herwe o 

u
e a a
ural


he o l S
a
e whh abu
o
he
la
 o
 e
al helf.
prolo ga
o of
he
err
or of a o
her S
a
e. Vhe appla
o of
ha

pr ple  uh a ae ha
o be apprea
e 
he lgh
of all
he
Y "YU er r
. 6 
he abe e of agreeme
a 
releva
geographal a  o
her rum
a e a well a o a 
releva
o era
o  of law a  equ
.
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Y.  U er u
omar law
he me
ho aop
e for eah S
a
e  meaure. Vhere  o
h g 
he la guage of r
. 6
o
elm
 g
he bou ar mu
e ure
ha

he elm
a
o aor
w
h equ
able pr ple. Vhe que
o  whe
her
he Cha el Yla 
houl be gve
he full be ef
or
he appla
o of
he pr ple of
a
ural prolo ga
o 
he area
o
her or
h a  or
hwe
or
whe
her
her 
ua
o loe
o
he ma la  of Fra e requre o
equ
able grou  ome mofa
o of
he appla
o of
he
pr ple 
hoe area. Vhe o
r e of
he equal
 of S
a
e a o

be o ere a o 

u
 g uh a equ
able grou  (a
h woul
have
he effe
of refaho  g geograph).  grou  of equ
 
o
be looke for 
he par
ular rum
a e of
he ae a  
he
par
ular equal
 of
he
wo S
a
e 
her geographal rela
o
o

he o
 e
al helf of
he Cha el.
Chara
er
 of
he area approxma
e equal
 of
he ma la 
oa
l e reul
 g  equal
 of
her geographal rela
o
o
he
Page J of g *
o
 e
al helf of
he Cha el f
he Cha el Yla  are lef
ou
of
aou
. Yf
he Cha el Yla  are gve full effe

h wll reul

arue
o Fra e. Vh fa
appear
o be prma fae a rum
a e
ome meaure reree
he  equ
. Yf
h o luo 
e
e b
appl g
he equ
a e-peal rum
a e rule
he pree e of

he Cha el Yla  mu
be o ere prma fae a a "peal
rum
a e" ju
f g a elm
a
o o
her
ha
he mea l e.
VY (
ma
a
he appropra
e bala e be
wee
he
wo S
a
e  rela
o

o
he o
 e
al helf a rpara S
a
e of
he Cha el w
h
approxma
el equal oa
l e
he prmar bou ar be
wee
hem
hall be a mea l e. Y elm
 g 
 oure 
he Cha el Yla 
rego
he Cha el Yla 
hemelve are
o be regare  e

her o
 e
al helf mu
be
he ubje
of a eo  a  epara
e
elm
a
o .
Cha el Yla 
he ou
her lm
of
he o
 e
al helf hel b

he Cour

o be appur
e a

o
he Fre h epubl 
h rego
o

he ou
h of
he m-Cha el mea l e.
,Y  YY YVhe ee
al o
 u
 or
he o
 e
al helf
of
he E glh Cha el a 
la
 rego ha bee emphae. Y

alo ommo grou 
ha
 geologall
he lgh
ou
hwe
erl
re 
of
he o
 e
al helf of
he Cha el ex
e  we
war 
o
he

la
 rego alo g
he l e of
he ur Deep Faul
Zo e. Vhe
o
 e
al helf of
he
la
 rego  o
o f e w
h
he arm
of a ompara
vel arrow ha el bu
o e ex
e  g eawar fro


he oa
 of
he
wo ou
re 
o
he ope pae of
he
la

Oea . Y o eque e
he area of o
 e
al helf
o be elm
e
le off ra
her
ha be
wee 
he oa
 or
he
wo ou
re.
fur
her o eque e 
ha

he o
 e
al helf ex
e 
o eawar
of
he oa
 of
he
wo ou
re for grea

a e. Vhe a
ual
oa
l e of
he
wo ou
re abu

 g o
he o
 e
al helf
o be
elm
e are ompara
vel hor
 a 
ha

her geographal
rela
o
o eah o
her v--v
he o
 e
al helf
o be elm
e 
o e of la
eral ra
her
ha oppo
e oa
. o
her 
ha

he UK
oa
al fro
age proje
fur
her 
o
he
la

ha
ha
of Fra e.
Vh ha
he
e e 
o make
he UK oa
ob
rue upo
he
o
 e
al helf 
ua
e
o eawar of
he more we
erl fa g
oa
of
he Fre h epubl 
ha
rego . o
her  Fra e a 
he
UK are
Y
+
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her bou ar  ju
fe b peal rum
a e
he
bou ar 
o be
he l e whh  equ
a
from
he eare

po
 of
he bael e from whh
he brea
h of
he
err
oral ea of
mpl
ha
 
ua
o  fal g u er paragraph g
he vr
ue of
he
equ
a e pr ple a a me
ho of effe
 g a equ
able
elm
a
o are  a  wa uperor
o
hoe whh 
poee 

ua
o  fall g u er paragraph 2. Vhe appropra
e e of
he
equ
a e or a  o
her me
ho for
he purpoe of effe
 g a
equ
able elm
a
o  a  gve ae  alwa a fu 
o or
refle
o of
he geographal a  o
her releva
rum
a e of
he
par
ular ae. Y hor

he equ
able hara
er of
he elm
a
o
reul
 o
from
he legal eg a
o of
he 
ua
o a o e of
"oppo
e" S
a
e bu
from 
 a
ual geographal hara
er a uh.
Smlarl 
he ae of "ajae
" S
a
e 

he la
eral geographal
rela
o of
he
wo oa
 whe omb e w
h a large ex
e o of

he o
 e
al helf eawar from
hoe oa
 whh make
 vual geographal fea
ure o e
her oa
more pro e
o re er

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he geome
ral effe
 of appl g
he equ
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o of
he map of
he g7 a  g8
h

h

 equ
able
ha 
he ae of "oppo
e" S
a
e. Vhe grea
er rk 

hee ae
ha

he equ
a e me
ho ma proue a
 equ
able elm
a
o
hu alo reul
 o
from
he legal
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o of
he 
ua
o a o e of "ajae
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a
e bu
from 

a
ual geographal hara
er a o e  volv g la
erall rela
e oa
.
Y
h ae ue
o
he epara
o of
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 b a we expa e
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la
 rego )  o ere a a ae of oppo
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he prolo ga
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a e fur
her we
war
ha
he Uha
la  (Fra e) whh
ju
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her
ha
he 
r
mea l e. owever
h
oe

au
hore
he ue of a  me
ho  orer
o effe
a
equ
able elm
a
o .
2
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o of elm
a
o 
where a par
ular geographal fea
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he oure of
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 e
al helf bou ar
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ho of elm
a
o aop
e ha
bee ome mofa
o or vara
of
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a e pr ple
ra
her
ha 

o
al reje
o . ere
he problem alo are preel
from
he 
or
 g effe
of a geographal fea
ure  rum
a e
 whh
he l e equ
a
from
he oa
 of
he
wo S
a
e woul
o
herwe o 

u
e
he appropra
e bou ar. Vhe appropra
e
me
ho 
o
ake aou
of
he Sll Yle a par
of
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l e of

he UK bu

o gve
hem le
ha
her full effe
 appl g
he
equ
a e me
ho. Ju
a 
 o

he fu 
o of equ
 
he
elm
a
o of
he o
 e
al helf omple
el
o refaho
geograph o 
 alo o

he fu 
o of equ

o rea
e a 
ua
o
of omple
e equ
 where a
ure a  geograph have e
ablhe a
 equ
.
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e
ure how
ha

he ge eral fea
ure a  o fgura
o of
he
Ea
oa
of Gree la  were k ow
o
he ar
ographer. Eve f o
eve e of a  la  g o
he oa
have bee proue
he hp
whh hu
e whale 
he wa
er
o
he Ea
of Gree la  gh
e

he la  a

erval a  gave ame
o
he prom e
fea
ure whh
were oberve. Y ee "Gree la " a a geographal
erm wa eve
more ue  o e
o w
h
he Ea
oa

ha w
h
he We

oa
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he
erm "S
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rol. Vhe o
r e evelope ue
o

he ere of oa
al 
a
e for be

er o erva
o a  ma ageme

of oa
al fhere.
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e  g o
more
ha 200 au
al mle
beo 
he bael e. Vhe oa
al 
a
e ha rgh
 over
he eo om
reoure of
he ea eabe a  ubol bu

h rgh
oe o

affe

he rgh
of avga
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her 
a
e. Coa
al

a
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he rgh

o regula
e au
hore a  o u
mar e
e
f reearh 
he EEZ.
Vhe provo  o
he EEZ are bo
h a gra
of rgh

o a  a
mpo
o of oblga
o  o oa
al 
a
e rela
ve
o
he explo
a
o 
ma ageme
 a  preerva
o of
he reoure fou  w
h
he
o e. Coa
al 
a
e have 2 prmar oblga
o . Fr

he mu

e ure
hrough proper o erva
o a  ma ageme
meaure
ha


he lv g reoure of
he EEZ are o
ubje

o over-explo
a
o .

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a e
he me
ho emploe wa
o gve half Vh  lue
he u

o ma
a a  re
ore popula
o  of
 
ea of full effe

o
he offhore la   elm
 g
he
equ
a e l e. Vh me
ho o 
  elm
 g
he l e
equ
a
be
wee
he
wo oa
 fr
 w
hou

he ue of
he
offhore la  a a bae-po
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h 
 ue a a bae-

have
he apa

po
; a bou ar gv g half-effe

o
he la  
he
he l e
raw mwa be
wee
hoe
wo equ
a e l e. Vh me
ho
appear
o be a appropra
e a  pra
al me
ho of aba
 g
he
propor
o a   equ
 whh o
herwe reul
 from gv g full
effe

o
he Sll Yle a a baepo
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erm  g
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he bou ar.
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el. Seo 
he mu
promo
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he obje
ve of op
mum
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la
o  of
he lv g reoure. Vhe mu
e
erm e
he
allowable a
h of lv g reoure a  f
he o

o harve

he allowable a
h
he mu
gra
ae
o o
her 
a
e.
ghl mgra
or pee of fh a  mar e mammal are aore
peal pro
e
o .
Vhe elm
a
o of overlapp g EEZ be
wee ajae

a
e 
e
erm e b agreeme
. 
ake o
e
ha
la  have
her ow
EEZ.

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a
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er boare a  ee a fh g veel
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h ou
re are lam g
ha

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o pu
a 
op
o
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 veel  fl g
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hor
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law".
 
requreme
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be umula
vel omple w
h. Gu ea  o

ompl w
h everal. ?o vual or au
or g al
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bee gve
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h of
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of

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a
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o  ee
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o .
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her
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a
e a  a
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a
e
o refue
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he a
o al

of
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o  whe
her or o
a ge u e l k ex
e
be
wee
he
Saga a  Sa
M e
a 
he Gre a e a

he
me of
he
 e
.
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he a
er u
l a bo   po
e (exhau
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r
le 292 prove for a  epe e
reme a  o
a appeal
aga 
a eo of a a
o al our
. ?o lm
a
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o ar
le 292
ha
woul have
he effe
of efea
 g 
 ver obje

a  purpoe. Y ee ar
le 292 perm

he mak g of a appla
o
w
h a hor
pero from
he a
e of e
e
o a  
 o
ormall

he ae
ha
loal remee oul
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o prove
for releae o po
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her pero  affe
e b uh
e
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o . Equall 
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ere
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a
e b
prov g for releae o l upo
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her f a al eur
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erm e b a our
or
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 ar
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hou
prejue
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he
ome
 forum aga 

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 ow er or 
 rew.
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o   

err
oral ea (ar
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a  2g). Y
he o
guou o e a oa
al S
a
e ma exere
he
o
rol eear
o
(a) preve
 fr geme
of 
 u
om fal mmgra
o or
a 
ar law a  regula
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or or
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e w
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al S
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o
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le 60 paragraph 2).
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o oe o
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al S
a
e
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om law  repe
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 ar
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S
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e aga 
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(b)
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 o
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ere
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S
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e
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e.
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 e
al helf be
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a
e w
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oppo
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er a
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4. Delm
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he ame o
 e
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o
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err
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wo
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e
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 e
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he abe e of
5. Vhere  a preump
o
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he overlapp g area of
he o
 e
al helve of
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a e
he bou ar hall be e
erm e b appla
o of
pu
 g 
a
e.
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a e from
he eare
po
of
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from whh
he brea
h of
he
err
oral ea of eah S
a
e 
Vhe appla
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o releva
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rum
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e ear
he o
her a 
he ee
r alg me
of mall la 
oea   e
a
o  whh  hape lke a re
a gle borere o
he
l g off a pe  ula).
3 e b la  a  o
he four
h b
he
la
 Oea .
3. Vhe geologal 
ru
ure of
he ea-be a  
 geomorpholog (or
urfae fea
ure)
4Y Y Y Y  
 
 Y+Y Y
h ae
he 
ar
 g
4. Vhe par
 of oa
al le g
h 
he releva
area.
po
wa hoe b
he Par
e (po
). Whle
he Cour
ma ue
5. Vhe ge eral geographal framework or o
ex
.
a o
her 
ar
 g po
 
wo

for 
he elm
a
o of a mar
me
6. Vhe o u
of
he par
e uh a
he e fa
o l e proue b
bou ar bo
h o ve
o al a  u
omar 
er a
o al law gve

he pa

er of gra
 of pe
roleum o eo  
he pu
e area.
pror

o
he r
ero
ha
elm
a
o mu
be ough

hrough
7. Vhe  e e of a
ural reoure (ol a  a
ural ga) 
he
agreeme
be
wee
he Par
e.
pu
e area.
8. Vhe pr ple of equ
able ae
o
he a
ural reoure of
he
0Y
  Geologal fa
or are  g fa
 gve
he
pu
e area.
ee
all o
 uou geologal 
ru
ure of
he 
ra
a u erl g
9. Defe e a  eur
 
ere
 of
he pu
 g 
a
e.

he whole of
he o
 e
al helf. Vhere  u 
 a  u form
 
g0. Vher avga
o al 
ere
.

he whole ea-be a
he o
 e
al helf of
he area  ju
a
gg. Co 
e  w
h
he ge eral re
o of
he la  bou ar.
u ffere
a
e par
of
he o
 e
al helf of
he mera ea
er
c
eaboar;
hu geomorphologal fa
or are  g fa
. Vhe ame
Y
he  2+  a  +

2Yae
he elm
a
o wa
goe for
he wa
er olum . Y


poble
o er a  ge u e
o e 
wo 
ep. Fr
 a provo al elm
a
o l e wa prove.
ure a  
able a
ural bou are  o flu
ua
 g a e vro me

?ex

he provo al olu
o wa exam e
ak g aou
of peal
uh a
he wa
er of
he oea . Y
woul be fu
le
o eek a 
rum
a e. Yf eear
he  
al reul
 were orre
e.
eleme
whh oul be a 
able a
ural bou ar. Vhu
he grea

ma of wa
er 
he elm
a
o area ju
lke
he ea-be alo
Y
he +

2Yae
he YCJ 
a
e
ha

here are o rule 
poee
ha
hara
er of u 
 a  u form
 whh make 

ge eral u
omar 
er a
o al law pefall prerb g
he
mpoble
o er a  a
ural bou ar apable of erv g a a
appla
o of a  par
ular equ
able r
era or
he ue of par
ular
ba for arr g ou
a elm
a
o .
pra
al me
ho  elm
a
o . Y 
ea u
omar 
er a
o al
law merel o
a  a ge eral requreme
of
he ue of equ
able
VY++Y +Y +Y
 Y  ++)  Y
r
era a  pra
al me
ho apable of mpleme
 g
hem. Y

Y +YY ++Y3
peal 
er a
o al law
ha
mu
be looke 
o
o ee whe
her


ha
law  lue ome rule pefall requr g
he Par
e a 
he

+YY % ?c  elm
a
o of
he o
 e
al helf
YCJ
arb
ral
rbu al
o appl er
a r
era or pef pra
al
effe
e u la
erall b o e S
a
e regarle of
he vew of
he
me
ho
o
he elm
a
o (ex. g958 Ge eva Co ve
o o
he
o
her
 o er e   
er a
o al law o
oppoable
o
hoe
Co
 e
al Shelf).
S
a
e. S
a
e have a u

o ego
a
e w
h a vew
o reah g a
agreeme
a 
o o o  goo fa
h w
h a ge u e 
e
o
o
r
. 6 of
he Co
 e
al Shelf Co ve
o prove for a  gle
aheve a po
ve reul
.  elm
a
o mu
be effe
e b

eh que for o
 e
al helf elm
a
o (a mea for mar
me
agreeme
be
wee
he S
a
e o er e e
her b
he o luo of
area be
wee oppo
e oa
 a  a la
eral equ
a e l e for
a re
agreeme
or b ome al
er a
ve me
ho whh mu
be
oa
 of ajae
S
a
e). Vh me
ho   pre b a  erve
bae o o e
.  a  agreeme
or o
her equvale
olu
o
from
h equ
able r
ero
ha

he equ
able olu
o  a
lea

houl  volve
he appla
o of equ
able r
era -
hoe erve
prma fae  a equal vo of
he area of overlap of
he
from equ
 whh are o

hemelve pr ple a  rule of
o
 e
al helve of
he
wo S
a
e. owever
he applabl
 of

er a
o al law.

c cc 
c9
c 

,Y + Y+  1
he bou ar be e
erm e
aor g
o
he applable law  o form
 w
h equ
able
pr ple hav g regar
o all releva
rum
a e  orer
o
aheve a equ
able reul
. more omple
e pree reformula
o
of
he fu ame
al orm prerbe b ge eral 
er a
o al law for
all mar
me elm
a
o  be
wee eghbour 
a
e
(g) ?o mar
me elm
a
o be
wee S
a
e w
h oppo
e or

mea
ha

he ba r
ero (equal
ajae
oa
 ma be effe
e u la
erall b o e of
hoe S
a
e.
Suh elm
a
o mu
be ough
a  effe
e b mea  of a

ue
he ame
eh que. Vhe 
 
o  o l ue
o
he
agreeme
 follow g ego
a
o  o u
e  goo fa
h a  w
h

he ge u e 
e
o of ahev g a po
ve reul
. Where however
uh agreeme
a o
be aheve elm
a
o houl be effe
e
b reoure
o a
hr par
 poe g
he eear ompe
e e.
(2) Y e
her ae elm
a
o 
o be effe
e b
he appla
o of
equ
able r
era a  b
he ue of pra
al me
ho apable of
e ur g w
h regar
o
he geograph o fgura
o of
he area a 
o
her releva
rum
a e a equ
able reul
.
 Y +0Y+
Y ++Y+Yf
he goal  o l a rela
o hp of ajae  from ul
ma
el preom a
 g over
he
elm
a
o of
he o
 e
al helf
he
he ma a
or appla
o
of r
. 6  u pu
e. owever
he goal of
h proee g 
o
raw a  gle elm
a
o l e for bo
h
he o
 e
al helf a 
he
uperjae
fher o e. Y
 oub
ful whe
her a
rea
 oblga
o
whh  
erm o f e
o
he elm
a
o of
he o
 e
al helf
a be ex
e e
o a fel whh  eve
l grea
er a 
fu ame
all ffere
. Vo o o woul make
he mar
me wa
er
ma over
he helf a mere aeor of
he la

er a 
h 
u aep
able.
m. +Y  Y Vhere ha bee o 
ema
 ef 
o of
he
equ
able r
era for ue  
er a
o al mar
me elm
a
o .
Example of r
era ue (la formula)
ha

he la  om a
e

he ea;
he equal vo of
he area of overlap of
he mar
me a 
ubmar e o e apper
a  g
o
he repe
ve oa
 of eghbor g
S
a
e  ae where
here are o peal rum
a e; whe ever
poble
he eawar ex
e o of a S
a
e' oa
houl

e roah
o area
ha
are
oo loe
o
he oa
of a o
her S
a
e;
he
preve
o  a far a poble of a  u
-off of
he eawar proje
o
of
he oa
or of par
of
he oa
of e
her of
he S
a
e o er e;
a   er
a rum
a e
he appropra
e o eque e ma be
raw from a   equal
e 
he ex
e
of
he oa
 of
wo S
a
e

o
he ame area of elm
a
o . Vhe ee
al fa

o remember 

ha

he r
era are o
rule of law a 
herefore ma a
or 
he

a u re
o al l e. Vake
ffere

ua
o  bu
"equ
able" or eve "reao able" r
era
a 
ha
wha

er a
o al law requre 
ha
reoure be ha 
eah ae
o
he r
ero  or
he bala e of ffere
r
era
appear g
o be mo
appropra
e
o
he o re
e 
ua
o .
YY   Y
 YVhe US propoe
he me
ho of
he VYY+  
perpe ular (a ver
al l e perpe ular
o
he ge eral of
he
oa
). Ca aa rele o
he equ
a e me
ho.
Page g of g *
wll g e
o aop
a omb a
o of ffere
me
ho whe ever

ha
eem
o be alle for b ffere e 
he rum
a e
ha

ma be releva

he ffere
phae of
he opera
o a  w
h
refere e
o ffere
egme
 of
he l e. Vhu
he Cour
ee

h  epe e
l of
he propoal.
%#Y $ Yr
. 6 o
empla
e 2 
 
hpo
he
al

ua
o  bu

h oe
vo ) beh 
hee provo  are ffere
 or
ha

he me
ho
oe
ffere
geographal 
ua
o  referre
o (la
eral equ
a e l e
for ajae
oa
 mea l e for oppo
e oa
). Y apprea
 g

he appropra
e e of
he equ
a e me
ho a a mea  of
ahev g a equ
able olu
o  regar mu
be ha
o
he ffere e
be
wee a 'la
eral' bou ar be
wee ajae
S
a
e a  a 'mea '
bou ar be
wee 'oppo
e' S
a
e." Vhe oa
 of
wo S
a
e ma
be ajae
a
er
a plae a  oppo
e a
o
her (a 
h ae).
O
h la

er hpo
he fful
e mgh
are of a pra
al a
ure
 par
ular  e ever effor
houl be mae
o preve

he par
al
par
al rela
o hp of oppo
e e or ve-vera. Y
mgh
beome
appare

ha
aju
me
 were eear for
h purpoe or eve
reoure
o a ffere
me
ho.
%++YY. +Y  Y  Y1
Y
 B+ 
  Y emember
ha

h  volve a elm
a
o of 2 
 

eleme
 b mea  of a  gle l e. Vh prelue
he ue of a 
r
era whh are  appropra
e for
he elm
a
o of e
her
eleme
. Vhe Cour
wll appl r
era erve from geograph ma l

he geograph of oa
 whh ha (prmarl) a phal ape
a 
(eo arl) a pol
al ape
. Some orre
o  mu
be mae
o
er
a effe
 of 
 appla
o
ha
mgh
be u reao able o
ha


he o urre
ue of auxlar r
era ma appear  pe able
uh a le g
h of oa
l e
he equ
able e of orre
 g
he reul

whe a oa
l e  u
off a 
he pree e of geographal fea
ure
(la  group of mall la ).
%++Y  +Y +Vhe pra
al me
ho a o l be
me
ho appropra
e for ue aga 
a bakgrou  of geograph.
oreover
he me
ho ue mu
be ju
a u
able for
he
elm
a
o of
he ea-be a  
 ubol a for
he elm
a
o of

he uperjae
wa
er a 
her fher reoure. Vhu o l
geome
ral me
ho wll erve. Gve
he o fgura
o of
he Gulf of
a e oa
l e
he elm
a
o l e 
o
e
ha
a

he or
hea
er e
or
he oa
 are la
erall ajae

whle a

he lo g e
or
he oa
 are oppo
e. Vhu 
he fr

e
or
he bou ar  a la
eral elm
a
o l e. Y
he eo 
he
l e  a mea l e.

,  0Y
Y  Vhe pra
al me
ho
o be apple mu
be a
geome
ral o e bae o repe
for
he geographal 
ua
o of
Y
 
 YY  YYc?o e of
he po
e
al me
ho for
elm
a
o ha 
r  mer
 whh woul make 
preferable
o
a o
her 
he ab
ra
. Vhere  o  gle me
ho whh 
r all


br g grea
er ju
e or  of grea
er pra
al ueful e. Vhe grea
er
or leer appropra
e e of o e me
ho or a o
her a o l be
aee w
h refere e
o
he a
ual 
ua
o   whh
he are
ue a 
he aeme
mae  o e 
ua
o ma be e
rel
revere  a o
her. ?or 
here a  me
ho of whh mu
be
preferre a me
ho w
h whoe appla
o ever elm
a
o
opera
o oul beg  albe
ubje

o 
 effe
 be g ubeque
l
orre
e or 
be g eve are  favor of a o
her f
hoe
effe

ur e ou

o be learl u a
fa
or. Vhere mu
be

he oa
 be
wee whh
he elm
a
o 
o be effe
e a  a


he ame
me u
able for prou g a reul
a
f g
he r
ero
for
he vo of pu
e area. Vhu
he equ
a e me
ho 
ue bu

he me
ho of raw g perpe ular. or gl o e
ma ju
fabl raw from po

wo l e repe
vel perpe ular

o
he
wo ba oa
al l e. Vhee perpe ular form a
po

o o e e a au
e a gle of abou
82' a  o
he o
her a reflex
a gle of abou
278'. Y

he be
or of
h eo  a gle whh
houl be aop
e for
he oure of
he fr
egme
.
0Y0Y
Y 

c cc 
c9
c 

0 
YYVh  volve
he e
erm a
o of
he mea l e.
 
 YY. +Y  Y 
 Y Y+ Vh 
emember
he hoe of me
ho  ee
all epe e
o
geograph. Y
h ae (gve
he re
a gular hape of
he area a 

he qua-parallelm be
wee
he l e ue 
he elm
a
o  a 

he fa

ha

he oa
 are oppo
e)
he appla
o of a  me
ho
of geome
ral org a  pra
e o l reul

he raw g of a
mea elm
a
o l e. Suh a l e a o l be o e approxma
el
parallel
o
he approxma
el parallel l e of
he
wo oppo
e oa
.
0 
Y  cVhe bak of
he Gulf  e
rel oupe b
he
o
 uou oa
of a e a ompo e

a
e of
he US a 
he

erm al po
of
he 
er a
o al bou ar w
h Ca aa  
ua
e
muh far
her
o
he or
hea

he Gra  a a Cha el a
a
or er of
he re
a gle whh geome
rall repree

he hape of

he Gulf proper. Vhu 
 mpoble
o regar
he ffere e 
le g
h be
wee
he repe
ve oa
l e of
he
wo S
a
e whh
borer o
he elm
a
o area. orre
o 
hu eee. Vhe

o
al le g
h of
he US oa
l e 
he Gulf  approxma
el 284
au
al mle. Vhe overall le g
h of
he Ca aa oa
l e 
approxma
el 206 au
al mle. Vhe ra
o be
wee
he oa
al
fro
 of
he Par
e o
he Gulf of a e a 
hu g.38
o g. Vh
ra
o houl be refle
e 
he loa
o of
he eo  egme
of
he
elm
a
o l e. Vhe appropra
e me
ho houl be
o appl
he
Page ) of g *
@MY 
eear o l for
he
hr egme
 whh 
he real ubje
of
he
pu
e ue
o
he po
e
al reoure of
he ubol a 
he fhere.
Some e qur whe
her  a
o
o
he fa
or prove b
he
geograph of
he Gulf 
elf
here are o o
her
ha
houl be
ake

o aou
  a u er
a able 
ep. Y
mgh
well appear
ha

o
her rum
a e ough
properl
o be o ere  ae g
he
equ
able hara
er of
he reul
proue b
h por
o of
he
elm
a
o l e. Vhee o
her rum
a e ma be umme up b

he a
a prove b huma a  eo om geograph a  are
hu
 elgble for o era
o a r
era
o be apple 
he elm
a
o
proe 
elf ma be releva
 ae g
he equ
able hara
er of
a elm
a
o fr
e
ablhe o
he ba of r
era borrowe from
phal a  pol
al geograph (ex. 
oral pree e 
he area
a
v
e purue lke fh g a  o erva
o of reoure &
ooeo om ape
) . Y
h ae
he Cour
o lue
ha

here
are abolu
el o o 
o  of a exep
o al k  whh mgh

ju
f a  orre
o of
he elm
a
o l e
ha
wa raw . Vhe
elm
a
o wa effe
e  ompla e w
h
he gover  g pr ple
a  rule of law appl g equ
able r
era a  appropra
e me
ho
aor gl
hu prou g a equ
able overall reul
.
/c >"c>Y>c."'.c
ra
o ele
e
o a l e raw aro
he Gulf where
he oa
 of
?ova So
a a  aahue

 are eare

o eah o
her. Y
woul

he be proper
o hf

he mea l e raw  uh a wa a
o
refle

h ra
o alo g
he l e Cape Co-Chebogue Po
. Vhe
pree e of ome la  a  le mu
alo be o ere .e. Seal
Yla . Y
 ome
wo a -a-half mle lo g. owever 
woul be
exeve
o
rea

he oa
l e of ?ova So
a a
ra ferre ou
h-
we
war b
he whole of
he 
a e be
wee Seal Yla  a 
ha

oa
 a  
 appropra
e
o gve
he la  half effe
 o
ha

he
ra
o
o be apple for e
erm  g
he loa
o of
he orre
e
mea l e wll be approxma
el g.32
o g  plae of g.38
o g. S e

 o l a que
o of aju
 g
he propor
o b refere e
o whh

he orre
e mea l e 
o be loa
e
he la 
 effe
 a Freeom of fh g alo  lue
he u

o oopera
e 
ak g
mall
ra vere plaeme
of
ha
l e o
a a gular
plaeme
 w
h lm
e pra
al mpa
. Vhe e
ral egme
of

he elm
a
o l e wll orrepo  over 
 e
re le g
h w
h
he
orre
e mea l e a o e
ablhe. Y
wll beg where
h l e

ere
 w
h
he Gulf
he be
or raw from po
a 
o 

u
 g
he fr
egme
 a  e  o reah g
he lo g l e of

he Gulf.
V 0Y
Y Vhc
he lo ge
por
o . Vh 
he egme

whh le ou
e a  over aga 

he Gulf of a e. Y pr ple
he
e
erm a
o of
he pa
h of
h egme
mu
epe  o
ha
of

he
wo prevou egme
. Vhe por
o of
he l e ow
o be
e
erm e wll  ev
abl be 
ua
e 
he ope oea . From
he
geographal po
of vew
here  o po
of refere e ou
e
he
a
ual hore of
he Gulf
ha
a erve a a ba for arr g ou

he
f al opera
o requre. Y
 obvou
ha

he o l k  of pra
al
me
ho whh a be o ere for
h purpoe  a geome
ral
me
ho -
he raw g of a perpe ular
o
he lo g l e of
he
Gulf.
c eprea
o  omm

e for prva
e e  b
he rew or
he
+
ak g po
a a fxe po
a  ag  g le

er B
o

he mee
 g-po
be
wee
he fr

wo egme
 a above ef e
le

er C
o
he mee
 g-po
be
wee
he eo  a 
hr egme

o
he lo g l e of
he Gulf a  le

er D
o
he po
where
he
fr
egme
reahe
o eawar
he la
plae o 
 pa
h where

he lam of
he
wo Par
e overlap
he elm
a
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a
e 
elf & Ymmu 
 of
he repree
a
ve
of 
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e or ploma
 a  o ular mmu 
e.
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a
e mmu 

he pr ple
ha

he 
a
e ma o
be ue
w
hou

 o e
fou  
he Phlpp e Co 

u
o  bo
h
mu pal law a  alo 
er a
o al law applable
o foreg 
a
e.
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he pr ple of equal
 of 
a
e   Y
Y Y . Vhe mmu 
 of
he overeg hea  ee a alo
ommu a
e
o
he overeg 
a
e.
Dploma
 a  o ular mmu 
e - muh of
he law gover  g
ploma
 rela
o   u
omar law. Offal repree
a
ve of a

a
e are gve mmu 
e a  prvlege whh are pero al (
he
be ef

he pero ) whe
he are w
h
he
err
or of a o
her

a
e. Bu

he purpoe of
he mmu 
e gve  fu 
o al
ha


o e able
hem
o perform
her fu 
o  properl. O
he par
of

he reev g 
a
e
here le er
a oblga
o 
o pro
e

he
repree
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ve a  h proper
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err
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o
o e fore
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Page 2 of g *

here wa o epara
e
rea
 w
h uh a prohb
o . Our revew of

he 
er a
o al au
hor
e a  l
era
ure reveal o pef
b  g oblga
o  expre or mple o
he par
of
he US or 

age

o refra from
ra borer k app g. ?or a we a
ha


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he e e
ha
we ue
ha

erm

o erbe well-e
re he u
om of 
er a
o al law. Beaue a
huma rgh
 orm reog  g a  vual' rgh

o be free from

ra borer abu
o  ha o
reahe a 
a
u of 
er a
o al
aor uffe

o re er 
oblga
or or u veral 
a o

qualf a a a
o able orm u er
he VC. pra
o ha o

e
rpe e 
o oblga
o .
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 ex
ra
err
oral appla
o oe o
au
oma
all gve re
o
ex
ra
err
oral e foreme
au
hor
. Vha
Co gre ma have

e e
he reah of a rm al 
a
u
e
o ex
e  beo  our
borer oe o
mea
ha
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e e
o gve feeral
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e au
hor

o vola
e
he
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Seem g ffere e be
wee overeg mmu 
 a  mmu 
 of
a YO o e reall whe we agree
o lm

err
oral jur
o va

he Bae greeme
(amo g o
her) emploee are mmu e for
bo
h fu 
o al a  full mmu 
.
Ve e  arrow o 
ru
o of mmu 
 over o l overeg
a

Lm
 o Sovereg

-US-P Bae greeme

ra 
or provo omple
e mmu 


o lm
e mmu 
 (lm
e
o overeg a
 a oppoe
o
propre
ar a
)

o breah 
er a
o al law  o g o. l
hough we reog e
ha


he k app g a  murer of DE age
 abroa ee
a
e
he
exere of ex
ra
err
oral rm al jur
o  abe
a lear
re
ve we a o
o lue
ha
Co gre ha gve
he DE
u lm
e e foreme
power abroa. lvare' arre
 a  he e
h e
e
o  were arb
rar beaue
he were o
purua

o
law. Co eque
l lvare e
ablhe a
or
omm

e 
vola
o of
he law of a
o .
O
he Feeral Vor
 Clam 
l
hough
he  jure were uffere
 exo
he proxma
e aue of uh  jure (pla  g hem g
e
.) were o e 
he US a  o 
fall u er
he heaquar
er
-bu
whe overeg  Propre
ar Wha
abou
whe bul g o
r e exep
o
o
he foreg a
v
e exep
o .  al
hough
bae Or
he ZVE o
ra
(
a
e e
erprea
of Ch ee 
a
e
he waver of overeg mmu 
 u er
he FVC exlue
Ch a ha o o ep
of prva
e e

e) Whe bu g helop
er 
e
o al
or
 uh a fale arre

h exluo  followe b a
armame
 (for efe e)
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 g a o
ar vl reg
rar  mlar apa
e & perform g er
a
fu 
o  of a am 
ra
ve a
ure o
o
rar
o S law
(g) afeguar g 
ere
 of SS a
o al  ueo    S
per law of S
(h) afeguar g per S law 
ere
 of m or & pero  lak g full
apa
 who are a
o al of SS
() per S proeure repree
 g or arra g g repree
a
o for SS
a
o al before S
rbu al & au
hor
e
o ge
provo al meaure for
preerva
o of rgh
 & 
ere
 of abe
a
o al
(j)
ra m

 g jual & ex
rajual oume
 or exeu
 g le

er
roga
or or ommo 
o
ake eve e for SS our

(k) exer g rgh
 of upervo &  pe
o per law of SS  repe
of
SS
veel & arraf
& rew
(l) ex
e  g a
a e
o veel & arraf
 (k) &
o
her rew
ak g

a
eme
 regar g
he voage exam  g & 
amp g
he hp' paper
& w
hou
prejue
o
he power of S au
hor
e o u
 g
 ve
ga
o  
o a   e
 ur g
he voage & e

l g pu
e of
a  k  be
wee
he ma
er offer & eame per SS law
(m) perform g fu 
o  e
ru
e
o a o ular po
b SS o
prohb
e
b S law or o
obje
e
o b S 
he agreeme


c cc 
c9
c 

cc '/cgc
>c g. ea of mo are ve 
o 3 lae
g. ambaaor or u o are
e
o ea of S
a
e
& o
her hea of mo of equvale
ra k;
2. e vo m 
er & 
er u o are
e
o ea
of S
a
e;
3. harge 'affare are
e
o  
er for Foreg
ffar.
2. Exep
a o er  preee e & e
que

e
here hall
be o ffere
a
o be
wee hea of mo b reao
of
her la.
$$c '/cg3c
cc>c g. ea of mo hall
ake preee e 
her
repe
ve lae 
he orer of
he a
e a 
me of

ak g up
her fu 
o   aora e w
h r
le g3.
2. l
era
o  
he ree
al of a hea of mo o

 volv g a  ha ge of la hall o
affe
h
preee e.
3. Vh ar
le  w
hou
prejue
o a  pra
e aep
e
b
he S regar g
he preee e of
he repree
a
ve of

he ol See.
#
c '/c2c '/cg
c
c g. SS ma af
er 
ha gve ue o
fa
o
o S
o er e are
a hea of mo or ag a 
member of
he ploma
 
aff
o more
ha g S
a
e u le

here  expre obje
o b a  of
he S.
2. Yf SS are
 a hea of mo
o g or more o
her S
a
e

ma e
ablh a ploma
 mo heae b a harge
'affare a 
erm  eah S
a
e where
he hea of
mo ha o
h perma e
ea
.
3. hea of mo or a  member of
he ploma
 
aff
of
he mo ma a
a repree
a
ve of
he SS
o a  YO.
c
'/c3c
Vwo or more S
a
e ma are

he ame pero a hea
of mo
o a o
her S
a
e u le obje
o  offere b

he S.

c '/cg+c '/cg2c
c g. Yf
he po
of hea of
he mo  vaa
 or f
he hea
of
he mo  u able
o perform h fu 
o  a harge
'affare a 
erm hall a
provo all a hea of
he
mo . Vhe ame of
he harge 'affare a 
erm hall
be o
fe e
her b
he hea of
he mo or  ae he
 u able
o o o b
he  
r for Foreg ffar of
he
SS
o
he  
r for Foreg ffar of
he S or uh o
her
m 
r a ma be agree.
2. Y ae where o member of
he ploma
 
aff of
he
mo  pree

he reev g S
a
e a member of
he
am 
ra
ve a 
eh al 
aff ma w
h
he o e
of

he S be eg a
e b
he SS
o be  harge of
he
urre
am 
ra
ve affar of
he mo .
Page 32 of g *
'/c+c
g. ea of o ular po
 are ve 
o 4 lae
(a) o ul-ge eral;
(b) o ul;
() ve-o ul;
() o ular age
.
2. Par. g of
h r
.  o wa re
r

he rgh
of a  of
he Co
ra
 g
Par
e
o fx
he eg a
o of o ular offer o
her
ha
he hea of
o ular po
.
'/cg3c
g. ea of o ular po
 hall ra k  eah la aor g
o
he a
e of

he gra
of
he exequa
ur.
2. Yf
he hea before ob
a  g
he exequa
ur
 am

e
o
he exere of h fu 
o  provo all h preee e
hall be e
erm e aor g
o
he a
e of
he provo al amo ;
h
preee e hall be ma
a e af
er
he gra
 g of
he exequa
ur.
3. Orer of preee e a be
wee 2 or more hea who ob
a e
he
exequa
ur or provo al amo o
he ame a
e hall be e
erm e
per
he a
e o whh
her ommo  or mlar  
rume
 or
he
o
fa
o  referre
o  par. 3 of r
. gg were pree
e
o S.
4. 
 g hea of po
 hall ra k af
er all hea &
a be
wee
hemelve ra k aor g
o
he a
e
he aume fu 
o 
a a
 g hea per 
he
o
fa
o  gve u er par. 2 of r
. g5.
5. o orar o ular offer who are hea hall ra k  eah la af
er
areer hea 
he orer & per rule la ow 
he forego g paragraph.
6. ea hall have preee e over o ular offer o
hav g
ha

a
u.
Vwo or more S
a
e ma w
h
he o e
of S appo

he ame pero a
a o ular offer 
ha
S
a
e.
g. Yf
he hea of a o ular po
 u able
o arr ou
h fu 
o  or
he
po
o of hea of o ular po
 vaa
 a a
 g hea of po
ma a

provo all a hea of
he o ular po
.
2. Vhe full ame of
he a
 g hea of po
hall be o
fe e
her b
he
ploma
 mo of
he SS or f
ha
S
a
e ha o uh mo 
he S
b
he hea of
he o ular po
 or f he  u able
o o o b a 
ompe
e
au
hor
 of
he SS
o
he  
r for Foreg ffar of
he S
or
o
he au
hor
 eg a
e b
ha
 
r.  a ge eral rule
h
o
fa
o hall be gve  ava e. S ma make
he amo a a
 g
hea of po
of a pero who  e
her a ploma
 age
or a o ular
offer of
he SS 
he S o 
o al o 
 o e
.
3. Vhe ompe
e
au
hor
e of
he S hall affor a
a e
a  pro
e
o
o
he a
 g hea of po
. Whle he   harge of
he po


he provo  of
he pree
Co ve
o hall appl
o hm o
he ame
ba a
o
he hea of
he o ular po
o er e. S hall o
 however
be oblge
o gra

o a a
 g hea of po
a  fal
 prvlege or
mmu 
 whh
he hea of
he o ular po
e jo o l ubje

o
o 
o  o
fulflle b
he a
 g hea of po
.
4. Whe  
he rum
a e referre
o  paragraph g of
h r
le a
member of
he ploma
 
aff of
he ploma
 mo of
he SS 
he S
 eg a
e b
he SS a a
a
 g hea of po
 he hall f
he S oe o
obje


here
o o
 ue
o e jo ploma
 prvlege a  mmu 
e.
 '/c+c '/c) c

 g. S ma a
a 
me & w
hou
hav g
o expla 
 g. S ma a
a 
me o
f SS
ha
a o ular offer  Y 
 
eo  o
f SS
ha

he hea of
he mo or a  or
ha
a  o
her member of
he o ular 
aff  o
aep
able. SS hall
member of
he ploma
 
aff of
he mo  Y  e
her reall
he pero or
erm a
e h fu 
o  w
h
he o ular po
.

c cc 
c9
c 


  or
ha
a  o
her member of
he 
aff of
he
mo  o
aep
able. SS hall e
her reall
he pero
or
erm a
e h fu 
o  w
h
he mo . pero ma
be elare 
  or o
aep
able before arrv g 
S

err
or. u aep
able before arrv g 
he
err
or of S or f alrea  S before
2. Yf SS refue or fal w
h a reao able pero
o arr
ou

 oblga
o  u er par. g S ma refue
o reog e

he pero a a member of
he mo .
"1

c '/c 3c '/c2*c

c
cDc g. S hall perm
e
r of & gra
exemp
o from all g. S hall perm
e
r of & gra
exemp
o from all u
om
$
c u
om u
e
axe a  rela
e harge o
her
ha u
e
axe & rela
e harge o
her
ha harge for 
orage ar
age &
harge for 
orage ar
age a  mlar erve o
g. ar
le for
he offal ue of
he mo ;
2. ar
le for
he pero al ue of a ploma
 age
or
member of h faml form g par
of h houehol
 lu g ar
le 
e e for h e
ablhme
.
2. Vhe pero al baggage of a ploma
 age
hall be
exemp
from  pe
o  u le
here are erou grou 
for preum g
ha

o
a  ar
le o
overe b
he
exemp
o  me
o e  paragraph g of
h r
le or
ar
le
he mpor
or expor
of whh  prohb
e b
he
law or o
rolle b
he quara
 e regula
o  of
he S.
Suh  pe
o hall be o u
e o l 
he pree e of

he ploma
 age
or of h au
hore repree
a
ve.
1c '/c c
1

c ploma
 age
hall be exemp
from all ue &
axe g. Co ular offer a  o ular emploee a  member of
her famle
pero al or real a
o al rego al or mu pal exep

g.  re

axe of a k  whh are ormall  orpora
e

he pre of goo or erve;
2. ue &
axe o prva
e mmovable proper
  S

err
or u le he hol 
o behalf of
he SS for
he
purpoe of
he mo ;
3. e
a
e ueo or  her
a e u
e leve b
he S
ubje

o par. 4 of r
le 39;
4. ue &
axe o prva
e  ome hav g 
 oure 
he
S & ap
al
axe o  ve
me
 mae  ommeral
u er
ak g 
he S;
5. harge leve for pef erve re ere;
6. reg
ra
o  our
or reor fee mor
gage ue a 

amp u
 WYV EGD VO mmovable proper
 ubje


o
he provo  of r
le 23.
c wage whh
he reeve for
her erve.
'/c) c
g. SS &
he hea of
he mo hall be exemp
from all
a
o al rego al or mu pal ue &
axe  repe
of

he preme of
he mo  whe
her ow e or leae
o
her
ha uh a repree
pame
for pef erve
re ere.
2. Vh exemp
o hall o
appl
o uh ue &
axe
paable u er S law b pero  o
ra
 g w
h SS or
he
hea of
he mo .
&cc..@cc '/c)*c
$c)+c
Dc

c Vhe mo a  
 hea hall have
he rgh

o ue
he flag g. Vhe SS hall have
he rgh

o
he ue of 
 a
o al flag & oa
-of-arm 
a  emblem of
he e  g S
a
e o
he preme of
he
mo   lu g
he ree e of
he hea of
he mo 
a  o h mea  of
ra por
.
Y


c '/c))c '/c gc
c
c g. Preme of
he mo hall be  volable. Vhe age
 of g. Co ular preme hall be  volable
o ex
e
here prove.

he S ma o
e
er
hem exep
w
h
he o e
of
he
hea of
he mo .
2. S  u er a peal u

o
ake all appropra
e 
ep
o
pro
e

he preme of
he mo aga 
a  
ruo or
amage a 
o preve
a  
urba e of
he peae of
he
Page 33 of g *
2. Yf SS refue or fal w
h a reao able
me
o arr
ou

 oblga
o  u er par. S ma e
her w
hraw
he exequa
ur from

he pero or eae
o o er hm a a member of
he o ular 
aff.
3. pero appo
e a a member of a o ular po
ma be elare
e
er g o h u
e w
h
he
o ular po
. SS hall w
hraw h appo
me
.
4. Y ae  par. g & 3 of
h r
le S  o
oblge
o gve
o SS reao 
for 
 eo .
mlar erve o
(a) ar
le for
he offal ue of
he o ular po
;
(b) ar
le for
he pero al ue of a o ular offer or member of h
faml form g par
of h houehol  lu g ar
le 
e e for h
e
ablhme
. Vhe ar
le 
e e for o ump
o hall o
exee
he
qua

e eear for re
u
la
o b
he pero  o er e.
2. Co ular emploee hall e jo
he prvlege & exemp
o  pefe 
paragraph g of
h r
le  repe
of ar
le mpor
e a

he
me of fr

 
alla
o .
3. Pero al baggage aompa  g o ular offer & member of
her
famle form g par
of
her houehol hall be exemp
from  pe
o . Y

ma be  pe
e o l f
here  erou reao
o beleve
ha

o
a 
ar
le o
her
ha
hoe referre
o  ub-paragraph (b) of paragraph g of

h r
le or ar
le
he mpor
or expor
of whh 
prohb
e b
he law a  regula
o  of
he S or whh are
ubje

o 
 quara
 e law a  regula
o . Suh  pe
o hall be
arre ou

he pree e of
he o ular offer or member of h faml
o er e.
'/c+c
form g par
of
her houehol hall be exemp
from all ue a 
axe
pero al or real a
o al rego al or mu pal exep

(a)  re

axe of a k  whh are ormall  orpora
e 
he pre of
goo or erve;
(b) ue or
axe o prva
e mmovable proper
 
ua
e 
he
err
or of
S ubje

o
he provo  of r
le 32;
() e
a
e ueo or  her
a e u
e a  u
e o
ra fer leve b

he S ubje

o
he provo  of paragraph (b) of r
le 5g;
() ue a 
axe o prva
e  ome  lu g ap
al ga  hav g 

oure 
he S a  ap
al
axe rela
 g
o  ve
me
 mae 
ommeral or f a al u er
ak g S;
(e) harge leve for pef erve re ere;
(f) reg
ra
o  our
or reor fee mor
gage ue a  
amp u
e
ubje

o
he provo  of r
le 32.
2. ember of
he erve 
aff hall be exemp
from ue a 
axe o
he
3. ember of
he o ular po
who emplo pero  whoe wage or
alare are o
exemp
from  ome
ax 
he S hall oberve
he
oblga
o  whh
he law a  regula
o  of
ha
S
a
e mpoe upo
emploer o er  g
he lev g of  ome
ax.
'

he S per provo  of
h r
le.
2. Vhe a
o al flag of
he SS ma be flow & 
 oa
-of-arm plae o

he bul g oupe b
he o ular po
& a

he e
ra e oor
hereof
o
he ree e of
he hea of
he o ular po
& o h mea  of

ra por
whe ue o offal bu e.
3. Y
he exere of
h rgh
 regar hall be ha
o
he law regula
o 
a  uage of
he S.
2. S au
hor
e hall o
e
er
ha
par
of
he o ular preme whh 
ue exluvel for
he purpoe of
he work of
he o ular po
exep

w
h
he o e
of
he hea of
he o ular po
or of h eg ee or of
he
hea of
he ploma
 mo . Suh o e
ma be aume  ae of fre
or o
her a
er requr g promp
pro
e
ve a
o .

c cc 
c9
c 
 Page 3J of g *
mo or mparme
of 
 g 
. 3. Subje

o par 2 of
h r
le S  u er a peal u

o
ake all
3. Preme of
he mo  fur h g & o
her proper
 appropra
e 
ep
o pro
e

he o ular preme aga 
a  
ruo or

hereo &
he mea  of
ra por
of
he mo hall be amage a 
o preve
a  
urba e of
he peae of
he o ular po
or
mmu e from earh requ
o  a

ahme
or exeu
o . mparme
of 
 g 
.
4. Co ular preme fur h g proper
 of
he o ular po
& 
 mea 
'/c *c of
ra por
hall be mmu e from a  form of requ
o for purpoe of
g. Prva
e ree e of a ploma
 age
hall e jo
he a
o al efe e or publ u
l
. Yf expropra
o  eear for uh
ame  volabl
 & pro
e
o a
he preme of
he purpoe all poble 
ep hall be
ake
o avo mpe g performa e of
mo . o ular fu 
o  & promp
 aequa
e & effe
ve ompe a
o hall be
2.  paper orrepo e e & exep
a  par. 3 of r
. pa
o
he SS.
3g proper
 hall alo e jo  volabl
.c
"cc '/c c '/c)2c
$
c Vhe fu 
o of a ploma
 age
ome
o a e   Y  Vhe fu 
o  of a member of a o ular po
hall ome
o a e   Y +
+ (a) o o
fa
o b SS
o S
ha
h fu 
o  have ome
o a e ;
g. o o
fa
o b SS
o S
ha

he fu 
o of
he (b) o w
hrawal of
he exequa
ur;
ploma
 age
ha ome
o a e ; () o o
fa
o b S
o SS
ha

he S ha eae
o o er hm a a
2. o o
fa
o b S
o SS
ha
  aora e w
h par. 2 member of
he o ular 
aff.
of r
le 9 
refue
o reog e
he ploma
 age
a a
member of
he mo .c
1c '/c)
c '/c +c
1

cc Vhe fee a  harge leve b
he mo 
he oure of g. Vhe o ular po
ma lev  S
err
or
he fee & harge prove b
cDc 
 offal u
e hall be exemp
from all ue a 
axe. SS law for o ular a
.
c 2. Vhe um olle
e 
he form of
he fee & harge  par. g of
h
$c
r
le &
he reep
 for uh fee & harge hall be exemp
from all ue
&
axe 
he S.
Y


c '/c)+c '/c*c
c Vhe pero of a ploma
 age
hall be  volable. e S hall
rea
o ular offer w
h ue repe
& hall
ake all appropra
e
A
$c hall o
be lable
o a  form of arre
or e
e
o . Vhe 
ep
o preve
a  a

ak o
her pero  freeom or g 
.
reev g S
a
e hall
rea
hm w
h ue repe
a  hall

ake all appropra
e 
ep
o preve
a  a

ak o h '/cgc
pero  freeom or g 
. g. Co ular offer hall o
be lable
o arre
or e
e
o pe  g
ral
exep

he ae of a grave rme a  purua

o a eo b
he
c ompe
e
jual au
hor
.
2. Exep

he ae pefe  par. g of
h r
le o ular
offer hall o
be omm

e
o pro or lable
o a  o
her form of
re
r
o o
her pero al freeom ave  exeu
o of a jual eo
of f al effe
.
3. Yf rm al proee g are  

u
e aga 
a o ular offer he mu

appear before
he ompe
e
au
hor
e. ?ever
hele
he proee g
hall be o u
e w
h
he repe
ue
o hm b reao of h offal
po
o & exep

he ae pefe  par. g of
h r
le  a ma er
whh wll hamper
he exere of o ular fu 
o  a l

le a poble.
Whe  
he rum
a e  par. g of
h r
le 
ha beome eear

o e
a a o ular offer
he proee g aga 
hm hall be  

u
e
w
h
he m mum of ela.

'/c)c
Y
he eve
of
he arre
or e
e
o  pe  g
ral of a member of
he
o ular 
aff or of rm al proee g be g  

u
e aga 
hm S
hall promp
l o
f
he hea of
he o ular po
. Shoul
he la

er be
hmelf
he obje
of uh meaure S hall o
f SS
hrough
he ploma

ha el.
Y


c '/c gc '/c c

c g. ploma
 age
hall e jo mmu 
 from
he g. Co ular offer & o ular emploee hall o
be ame able
o
he


$
Ec rm al jur
o of S. e hall alo e jo mmu 
 jur
o of
he jual or am 
ra
ve au
hor
e of S  repe
of
from 
 vl a  am 
ra
ve jur
o  exep

he a
 performe 
he exere of o ular fu 
o .
1$
c
ae of 2. Vhe provo  of par. g of
h r
le hall o
 however appl  repe

g. a real a
o rela
 g
o prva
e mmovable proper
 of a vl a
o e
her

ua
e  S
err
or u le he hol 
o behalf of SS for (a) ar g ou
of a o
ra
o lue b a o ular offer or a o ular
purpoe of
he mo ; emploee  whh he  o
o
ra
exprel or mplel a a age
of
2. a a
o rela
 g
o ueo  whh
he ploma

he e  g S
a
e; or
age
  volve a exeu
or am 
ra
or her or lega
ee (b) b a
hr par
 for amage ar g from a ae
 S aue b a
a a prva
e pero & o
o behalf of SS; vehle veel or arraf
.
3. a a
o rela
 g
o a  profeo al or ommeral
a
v
 exere b
he ploma
 age
 S ou
e h
offal fu 
o .
2. ploma
 age
 o
oblge
o gve eve e a a
w
e.
3. ?o meaure of exeu
o ma be
ake  repe
of a
ploma
 age
exep

he ae u er here ub-par.
(a) (b) & () of par. g & prove
ha
uh meaure a
be
ake w
hou
 fr g g
he  volabl
 of h pero or
ree e.

c cc 
c9
c 

4. Suh mmu 
 from S jur
o oe o
exemp
hm
from SS jur
o .c
(
cc '/c )c '/c2c

c g. Vhe mmu 
 from jur
o of ploma
 age
 & of g. SS ma wave WYV EGD VO a member of
he o ular po
 a  of
pero  e jo g mmu 
 u er r
le 37 ma be wave
b SS.
2. Waver mu
alwa be expre.
3. Y 
a
o of proee g b a ploma
 age
or b a
pero e jo g mmu 
 from jur
o u er r
le 37
hall prelue hm from  vok g mmu 
 from jur
o
 repe
of a  ou
er-lam re
l o e
e w
h
he
pr pal lam.
4. Waver of mmu 
 from jur
o  repe
of vl or
am 
ra
ve proee g hall o
be hel
o mpl waver
of mmu 
  repe
of
he exeu
o of
he jugme
 for
whh a epara
e waver hall be eear.c
.cDccc '/c +c


cDc g. Ever pero e

le
o prvlege & mmu 
e hall g. Ever member of
he o ular po
hall e jo here prvlege &


c e jo
hem from
he mome
he e
er S
err
or o mmu 
e from
he mome
he e
er S
err
or o proee g
o
ake
proee g
o
ake up h po
or f alrea  

err
or
from
he mome
whe h appo
me
 o
fe
o
he
 
r for Foreg ffar or uh o
her m 
r a ma be
agree.
2. Whe
he fu 
o  of a pero e jo g prvlege &
mmu 
e have ome
o a e  uh prvlege &
mmu 
e hall ormall eae a

he mome
whe he
leave
he ou
r or o expr of a reao able pero 
whh
o o o bu
hall ub
u
l
ha

me eve  ae
of arme o fl
. Bu
 WYV EGD VO a
 performe b e  h h faml
 h prva
e 
aff
 prvlege & hall ormall eae a

uh a pero 
he exere of h fu 
o  a a member
of
he mo  mmu 
 hall o
 ue
o ub
.
3. Y ae of
he ea
h of a member of
he mo 
he
member of h faml hall o
 ue
o e jo
he prvlege
& mmu 
e
o whh
he are e

le u
l
he expr of a
reao able pero  whh
o leave
he ou
r.
4. Y
he eve
of
he ea
h of a member of
he mo o

a a
o al of or perma e
l ree
 S or a member of
h faml form g par
of h houehol S hall perm

he
w
hrawal of
he movable proper
 of
he eeae
exep
a  proper
 aqure 
he ou
r
he expor
of
whh wa prohb
e a

he
me of h ea
h. E
a
e
ueo &  her
a e u
e hall o
be leve o
movable proper

he pree e of whh  S wa ue
olel
o
he pree e
here of
he eeae a a member
of
he mo or a a member of
he faml of a member of

he mo .c
$cc '/cgc
.cc g. W
hou
prejue
o
her prvlege & mmu 
e 


he u
 of all pero  e jo g uh prvlege &
mmu 
e
o repe
S law. Vhe have a u
 o

o

erfere 
he 
er al affar of
ha
S
a
e.
2. ll offal bu e w
h S e
ru
e
o
he mo b SS
hall be o u
e w
h or
hrough
he  
r for Foreg
ffar of S or uh o
her m 
r a ma be agree.
3. Preme of
he mo mu
o
be ue  a  ma er
 ompa
ble w
h fu 
o  of
he mo per
he
Co ve
o  rule of ge eral YL or peal agreeme

be
wee
he SS & S.c
c
c '/c)c '/c2Jc
ploma
 age
hall o
 S pra
e for pero al
prof
a  profeo al or ommeral a
v
.
c (a)
o o ular emploee or
o member of
he erve 
aff who arr o
'
c '/cc '/c)3c
$
$c S mu
 eve  ae of arme o fl
 gra
fal
e  S hall eve  ae of arme o fl
 gra

o member of
he o ular
orer
o e able pero  e jo g prvlege & mmu 
e
o
her
ha S a
o al & member of
he famle of uh
Page 3
of g *

he prvlege & mmu 
e prove for  r
. 4g 43 & 44.
2. Vhe waver hall  all ae be expre exep
a  par. 3 of
h r
le &
hall be ommu a
e
o S  wr
 g.
3. Vhe  
a
o of proee g b a o ular offer or a o ular emploee
 a ma

er where he mgh
e jo mmu 
 from jur
o u er r
le
43 hall prelue hm from  vok g mmu 
 from jur
o  repe
of
a  ou
er-lam re
l o e
e w
h
he pr pal lam.
4. Vhe waver of mmu 
 from jur
o for
he purpoe of vl or
am 
ra
ve proee g hall o
be eeme
o mpl
he waver of
mmu 
 from
he meaure of exeu
o reul
 g from
he jual
eo ;  repe
of uh meaure a epara
e waver hall be eear.
'/c2 c
up h po
or f alrea  

err
or from
he mome
whe he e
er o
h u
e w
h
he o ular po
.
2. ember of
he faml of a member of
he o ular po
form g par
of
h houehol & member of h prva
e 
aff hall reeve
he prvlege &
mmu 
e from
he a
e from whh he e jo prvlege & mmu 
e per
par. g of
h r
le or from
he a
e of
her e
r 
o S
err
or or from

he a
e of
her beom g a member of uh faml or prva
e 
aff
whhever 
he la
e
.
3. Whe
he fu 
o  of a member of
he o ular po
have ome
o a

he mome
whe
he pero o er e leave S or o
he expr of a
reao able pero  whh
o o o whhever 
he oo er bu
hall
ub
u
l
ha

me eve  ae of arme o fl
. Y
he ae of
he
pero   par. 2 of
h r
le prvlege & mmu 
e hall ome
o a e 
whe
he eae
o belo g
o
he houehol or
o be 
he erve of a
member of
he o ular po
 prove
ha
f uh pero  
e  leav g
S w
h a reao able pero
hereaf
er
her prvlege & mmu 
e hall
ub
u
l
he
me of
her epar
ure.
4. Bu
 WYV EGD VO a
 performe b a o ular offer or a o ular
emploee 
he exere of h fu 
o  mmu 
 from jur
o hall
o
 ue
o ub
w
hou
lm
a
o of
me.
5. Y
he eve
of
he ea
h of a member of
he o ular po

he member
of h faml form g par
of h houehol hall o
 ue
o e jo
he
prvlege & mmu 
e aore
o
hem u
l
he leave S or u
l
he
expr of a reao able pero e abl g
hem
o o o whhever 
he
oo er.
'/c22c
g. W
hou
prejue
o
her prvlege & mmu 
e 

he u
 of all
pero  e jo g uh prvlege & mmu 
e
o repe

he law &
regula
o  of S. Vhe alo have a u
 o

o 
erfere 
he 
er al
affar of
ha
S
a
e.
2. Vhe o ular preme hall o
be ue  a  ma er  ompa
ble w
h

he exere of o ular fu 
o .
3. Par. 2 of
h r
le hall o
exlue
he pobl
 of offe of o
her
 

u
o  or age e be g  
alle 
par
of
he bul g  whh
he o ular preme are 
ua
e prove

ha

he preme ag e
o
hem are epara
e from
hoe ue b
he
o ular po
. Y
ha
eve

he a offe hall o
be o ere
o form
par
of
he o ular preme.
g. Career o ular offer hall o
arr o for pero al prof
a 
profeo al or ommeral a
v
  S.
2. Prvlege & mmu 
e hall o
be aore
a  prva
e ga ful oupa
o  S;
(b)
o member of
he faml of a pero referre
o  ub-par. (a)
of
h paragraph or
o member of h prva
e 
aff;
()
o member of
he faml of a member of a o ular po
who

hemelve arr o a  prva
e ga ful oupa
o  S.
po
& member of
he prva
e 
aff o
her
ha S a
o al &
o member
of
her famle form g par
of
her houehol rrepe
ve of a
o al


c cc 
c9
c 
 Page 3+ of g *
pero  rrepe
ve of
her a
o al

o leave a

he eear
me & fal
e
o e able
hem
o prepare
her epar
ure &
o
earle
poble mome
. Y
mu
 f eee plae a

her leave a

he earle
poble mome
af
er
he
erm a
o of
he fu 
o 
poal eear mea  of
ra por
for
hemelve & of
he member. Y
hall f eee plae a

her poal eear mea 

her proper
. of
ra por
for
hemelve &
her proper
 o
her
ha proper
 aqure 
c S
he expor
of whh  prohb
e a

he
me of epar
ure.
"cc '/c2c '/c)Jc

c Yf ploma
 rela
o  are broke off be
wee 2 S
a
e or f g. Y
he eve
of
he evera e of o ular rela
o  be
wee 2 S
a
e
a mo  perma e
l or
emporarl realle (a) S hall eve  ae of arme o fl
 repe
& pro
e

he o ular
g. S mu
 eve  ae of arme o fl
 repe
& pro
e
preme
oge
her w
h
he proper
 of
he o ular po
&
he o ular

he preme of
he mo  w
h 
 proper
 & arhve; arhve;
2. SS ma e
ru

he u
o of
he preme of
he (b) SS ma e
ru

he u
o of
he o ular preme w
h
he proper

mo  w
h 
 proper
 & arhve
o a
hr S
a
e o
a e
here &
he o ular arhve
o a
hr S
a
e aep
able
o S;
aep
able
o S; () SS ma e
ru

he pro
e
o of 
 
ere
 & of 
 a
o al
o a
hr
3. SS ma e
ru

he pro
e
o of 
 
ere
 & of 
 S
a
e aep
able
o S.
a
o al
o a
hr S
a
e aep
able
o S. 2. Y
he eve
of
he
emporar or perma e
loure of a o ular po

ub-par. (a) of here par. g hall appl. Y a
o 
c (a) f SS al
hough o
repree
e  S b a ploma
 mo  ha a o
her
o ular po

he
err
or of
ha
S
a
e
ha
o ular po
ma be
e
ru
e w
h
he u
o of
he preme of
he o ular po
whh ha
bee loe w
h
he proper
 o
a e
here &
he o ular arhve &
w
h
he o e
of S w
h
he exere of o ular fu 
o  
he 
r

of
ha
o ular po
; or
(b) f SS ha o ploma
 mo & o o
her o ular po
 S ub-par

(b) & () of par. g of
h r
le hall appl.
'A
$c '/c
c '/cJgc
c
cc.c g. Exep
 ofar a a
o al prvlege & mmu 
e ma g. Exep
 o far a a
o al fal
e prvlege & mmu 
e ma be

Ac be gra
e b S a ploma
 age
who  a a
o al of or gra
e b S o ular offer who are a
o al of or perma e
l
perma e
l ree
 S hall e jo o l mmu 
 from ree
 S hall e jo o l mmu 
 from jur
o & pero al

c
jur
o  &  volabl
  repe
of offal a
  volabl
  repe
of offal a
 performe 
he exere of
her

c performe 
he exere of h fu 
o . fu 
o  &
he prvlege  par. 3 of r
le 44. So far a
hee o ular
2. O
her member of
he 
aff of
he mo & prva
e offer are o er e S hall alo be bou  b
he oblga
o la ow 
erva
 who are a
o al of or perma e
l ree
 S r
le 42. Yf rm al proee g are  

u
e aga 
uh a o ular
hall e jo prvlege & mmu 
e o l
o
he ex
e
offer
he proee g hall exep
whe he  u er arre
or e
e
o 
am

e b S. owever S mu
exere 
 jur
o be o u
e  a ma er whh wll hamper
he exere of
over
hoe pero  o a o

o 
erfere u ul w
h
he o ular fu 
o  a l

le a poble.
performa e of
he fu 
o  of
he mo . 2. O
her member of
he o ular po
who are a
o al of or perma e
l
ree
 S & member of
her famle &
member of
he famle of o ular offer  par. g of

h r
le hall e jo fal
e prvlege & mmu 
e o l  o far a

hee are gra
e
o
hem b S. Vhoe member of

he famle of member of
he o ular po
&
hoe member of
he
prva
e 
aff who are
hemelve a
o al of or perma e
l ree
 S
hall lkewe e jo fal
e prvlege & mmu 
e o l  o far a
hee
are gra
e
o
hem b S. S hall exere 
 jur
o over
hoe
pero   uh a wa a o

o h er u ul
he performa e of
he
fu 
o  of
he o ular po
.

c
c
c

c cc 
c9
c 
 Page J* of g *




cFc%


$c
Ecc
c aqu
o o 

err
or b SS of preme eear for _____ or
c a

he la

er  ob
a  g ome o
her aommoa
o   lu g
'
$cgc%


c
hoe for 
 member.
"

cc
c$c
r
. 2. Vhe e
ablhme
of ploma
 rela
o  be
wee S
a
e & Y


cc$
cDc$
 of mo (r
. 24); o ular
of perma e
ploma
 mo 
ake plae b mu
ual o e
. po
(r
. 33) a
a 
me wherever
he are
r
. 4.
g. o ular po
ma be e
ablhe 
he
err
or of
he S o l c$


of
he mo (r
. 25); o ular po
(r
. 28) S
w
h
ha
S
a
e' o e
. hall aor full fal
e for
he performa e of
he fu 
o  of
he
2. Vhe ea
of
he o ular po
 
 lafa
o a 
he o ular _________.

r
hall be e
ablhe b
he SS a  hall be ubje

o
he
approval of
he S. 
cc

cc

 of
he mo (r
. 26);
3. Subeque
ha ge 
he ea
of
he o ular po
 
 o ular po
(r
. 34)
lafa
o or
he o ular 
r
ma be mae b
he SS o l Subje

o 
 law a  regula
o  o er  g o e e
r 
o
w
h
he o e
of
he S. whh  prohb
e or regula
e for reao  of a
o al eur

he
4. Vhe o e
of
he S hall alo be requre f a o ula
e-ge eral S hall e ure freeom of moveme
&
ravel  

err
or
o all
or a o ula
e ere
o ope a ve-o ula
e or a o ular age  member of
he ______.
 a loal
 o
her
ha
ha
 whh 
 
elf e
ablhe.
5. Vhe pror expre o e
of
he S hall alo be requre for
he 
cc$


$
 of
hemo (r
. 27); o ular po

ope  g of a offe form g par
of a ex
 g o ular po
(r
. 35)
elewhere
ha a

he ea

hereof. g. S hall perm
& pro
e
freeom of ommu a
o o
he par

c of
he mo o ular po
] for all offal purpoe. Y
.
?cc#

; Co ular S
aff D - r
. gg; C - r
. 20 ubje

o ommu a
 g w
h
he Gover me

he ploma
 mo  &
agreeme
 S ma requre
ha

he e of a mo be kep
w
h o
her o ula
e o ular po
] wherever 
ua
e of
he e  g
lm
 o ere b 

o be reao able & ormal hav g regar
o S
a
e
he mo o ular po
] ma emplo all appropra
e
rum
a e & o 
o   S &
o
he ee of
he par
ular mea   lu g ploma
 or o ular ourer] ploma
 or
mo  & S ma equall w
h mlar bou  & o a o ular bag] a  meage  oe or pher. owever
he
o rm a
or ba refue
o aep
offal of a par
ular mo o ular po
] ma  
all & ue a wrele
ra m

er o l
a
egor. w
h
he o e
of S.
2. Vhe offal orrepo e e of
he mo o ular po
] hall be


cc

cof ploma
 
aff of mo (r
. 8); of  volable. Offal orrepo e e mea  all orrepo e e
o ular offer (r
. 22) houl  pr ple be of
he a
o al
 of rela
 g
o
he mo o ular po
] a  
 fu 
o .
SS. Vhe ma o
be appo
e from amo g pero  hav g
he 3. Vhe ploma
 o ular] bag hall be e
her ope e or
a
o al
 of S exep
w
h
he o e
of
ha
S
a
e whh ma e
a e. ?ever
hele f
he ompe
e
au
hor
e of S have
be w
hraw a
a 
me. S ma reerve
he ame rgh
WYV erou reao
o beleve
ha

he bag o
a  ome
h g o
her
EGD VO a
o al of a
hr S
a
e who are o
alo a
o al of
ha
he orrepo e e oume
 or ar
le referre
o  par. 4
SS. of
h r
le
he ma reque

ha

he bag be ope e 
her
pree e b a au
hore repree
a
ve of SS. Yf
h reque

"

 of mo (r
. g2); or o ular po
(r
. 6) mu
be refue b
he au
hor
e of SS
he bag hall be re
ur e
o 

w
h o e
of
he S (whh ma allow o ular offer
o exere plae of org .
fu 
o  ou
e h po
). 4. Vhe pakage o 

u
 g
he ploma
 o ular] bag hall bear
vble ex
er al mark of
her hara
er & ma o
a o l offal


$
 a
o member of mo  faml of a member of orrepo e e & oume
 or ar
le 
e e exluvel for
mo  prva
e erva
 (r
. g0); a
o member of o ular po
 offal ue.
faml member form g par
of h houehol prva
e 
aff (r
. 24. 5. Vhe ploma
 o ular] ourer hall be prove w
h a offal
ga-] & 2) oume
 a
 g h 
a
u &
he umber of pakage
g. S  
r for Foreg ffar or o
her m 
r a ma be o 

u
 g
he ploma
 o ular] bag. Exep
w
h S
o e

agree hall be o
fe of he hall be e
her a S a
o al or u le he  a SS a
o al a
g. appo
me
of _________ arrval & f al epar
ure or perma e
S ree
. Y
he performa e of h fu 
o  he hall

erm a
o of fu 
o  w
h
he mo ; be pro
e
e b
he S. e hall e jo pero al  volabl
 & hall
2. arrval & f al epar
ure of a pero belo g g
o
he o
be lable
o a  form of arre
or e
e
o .
__________ & where appropra
e fa

ha
a pero beome 6. SS 
 ploma
 mo  
 o ular po
] ma eg a
e
or eae
o be a member of
he faml of a member of
he ploma
 o ular] ourer a ho. Y uh ae par. 5 of
h
mo ; r
le hall alo appl exep

ha

he mmu 
e me
o e hall
3. arrval & f al epar
ure of ________ of pero   par. (a) of eae
o appl whe uh a ourer ha elvere
o
he o g ee

h paragraph & where appropra
e fa

ha

he are leav g
he ploma
 o ular] bag  h harge.
uh emplo; 7. ploma
 o ular] bag ma be e
ru
e
o
he ap
a of a
4. e gageme
& harge of pero  ree
 S a member hp or of a ommeral arraf
heule
o la  a
a au
hore
______ or prva
e erva
 
aff] e

le
o prvlege & por
of e
r. e hall be prove w
h a offal oume

mmu 
e.  a
 g
he umber of pakage o 

u
 g
he bag bu
he hall
2. Where poble pror o
fa
o of arrval & f al epar
ure hall o
be o ere
o be a ploma
 o ular] ourer. B
alo be gve . arra geme
w
h
he appropra
e loal au
hor
e
he ploma

o ular] po
ma e  o e of 
 member
o
ake poeo of
'
$A$$


c
c
c$


 of
he mo (r
.
he bag re
l & freel from
he ap
a of
he hp or of
he
2g); of
he o ular po
(r
. 30) S hall e
her fal
a
e arraf
.

c cc 
c9
c 

.$
c$
c1

 for a ploma
 age
(r
. 33); member 2. S  o
oblge
o gve reao 
o
he SS for a refual of
of
he o ular po
(r
. 48)
g. Subje

o par. 3 of
h r
le _______ WYV EGD VO 'cJ. Subje

o r
 5 8 9 & gg SS ma freel appo

he
erve re ere b
hem for
he SS & member of
her famle
form g par
of
her houehol] hall be exemp
from oal
eur
 provo  whh ma be  fore 
he S.
2. Vhe exemp
o  par. g of
h r
le hall appl alo
o member
of
he prva
e erva
 
aff] who are 
he ole emplo of a
_________ o o 
o
(a)
ha

he are o
a
o al of or perma e
l ree

he S;
& for Foreg ffar of
he S or uh m 
r a ma be agree per
(b)
ha

he are overe b
he oal eur
 provo  whh are
 fore 
he SS or a
hr S
a
e.
3. ________ who emplo pero 
o whom
he exemp
o  par. 2
of
h r
le oe o
appl hall oberve
he oblga
o  whh
he
oal eur
 provo  of
he S mpoe upo emploer.
4. Vhe exemp
o  par. g & 2 of
h r
le hall o
prelue
volu
ar par
pa
o 
he oal eur
 
em of
he S
prove
ha
uh par
pa
o  perm

e b
ha
S
a
e.
5. Vhe provo  of
h r
le hall o
affe
bla
eral or
mul
la
eral agreeme
 o er  g oal eur
 o lue
prevoul & hall o
preve

he o luo of uh agreeme
 

he fu
ure. par. 5  o
 C]
"1

c
c

c
$ of ploma
 age
 (r
. 35); prvlege  r
36.g a
o ar
le mpor
e a

he
me of fr

member of
he o ular po
& member of
he famle form g
par
of
her houehol (r
. 52) S hall exemp
_______ from all
pero al erve from all publ erve of a  k  wha
oever &
from ml
ar oblga
o  uh a
hoe o e
e w
h
requ
o  g ml
ar o
rbu
o  & blle
 g.
Y


c
cc 
c. of a ploma
 age
(r
. 40); o ular 4. Prva
e erva
 of member of
he mo hall f
he are o

offer (r
. 54)
g. Yf a ______ pae
hrough or  
he
err
or of a
hr S
a
e
whh ha gra
e hm a va f a va wa eear whle
proee g
o
ake up or re
ur
o h po
or whe re
ur  g
o
he
SS
he
hr S
a
e hall aor
o hm  volabl
 & all mmu 
e
prove for b
he o
her r
le of
he pree
Co ve
o a ma
be requre
o e ure h
ra 
or re
ur . Vhe ame hall appl 

he ae of a  member of h faml form g par
of h houehol]
e jo g uh prvlege & mmu 
e who are aompa  g
he
_______ or
ravel g epara
el
o jo hm or
o re
ur
o
he SS.
2. Y rum
a e mlar
o
hoe pefe  paragraph g of
h
c
r
le
hr S
a
e hall o
h er
he
ra 

hrough
her

err
or of o
her member of
he am 
ra
ve &
eh al or
erve 
aff of a mo o ular po
] or of member of
her
famle form g par
of
her houehol]
hrough
her
err
ore.
3. Vhr S
a
e hall aor
o offal orrepo e e &
o o
her
offal ommu a
o  
ra 
  lu g meage  oe or
pher
he ame freeom a  pro
e
o a
he S  bou 
o
aor u er
he pree
Co ve
o . Vhe hall aor
o
ploma
 o ular] ourer who have bee gra
e a va f a va
wa eear &
o o ular bag 
ra 

he ame  volabl
 &
pro
e
o a
he S  bou 
o aor u er
he pree

Co ve
o .
4. Vhe oblga
o  of
hr S
a
e u er par g 2 & 3 hall alo appl

o
he pero  me
o e repe
vel 
hoe paragraph &
o
offal ommu a
o  &
o ploma
 o ular] bag whoe
pree e 
he
err
or of
he
hr S
a
e  ue
o
 Y#Y Y." fu 
o  b a au
hora
o from S
erme a exequa
ur


c$
$cc$c 2. S
a
e whh refue
o gra
a exequa
ur  o
oblge
o gve
%


$c
c
o
he SS reao  for uh refual.
'cc
g. SS mu
e ure
ha

he agrme
of S ha bee gve for
he
Page Jg of g *
pero 
propoe
o are
a hea of
he mo
o
ha
S
a
e.
agrme
.
member of
he 
aff of
he mo . Y
he ae of ml
ar aval or
ar a

ahe S ma requre
her ame
o be ubm

e
beforeha  for 
 approval.
'cg c
g. ea of
he mo
ake up h fu 
o  
he S e
her whe
he ha pree
e h ree
al or whe he ha o
fe h arrval
& a
rue op of h ree
al ha bee pree
e
o
he  
r

he pra
e 
he S whh hall be apple  a u form ma er.
2. Orer of pree
a
o of ree
al or of a
rue op wll be
e
erm e b a
e &
me of
he arrval of
he hea.
'c Jc
g. Faml member of a D form g par
of h houehol hall f

he are o
a
o al of
he S e jo
he prvlege & mmu 
e 
r
 29
o 36.
2. ember of
he am 
ra
ve &
eh al 
aff w
h faml
member form g par
of
her houehol f o
a
o al of or
perma e
l ree
 S e jo
he prvlege & mmu 
e  r

29
o 35 exep

ha
mmu 
 from vl & am 
ra
ve
jur
o of
he S  r
. 3g.g hall o
ex
e 
o a
 performe
ou
e
he oure of
her u
e. Vhe hall alo e jo
he
 
alla
o .
3. ember of
he erve 
aff who are o
a
o al of or
perma e
l ree

he S e jo mmu 
 a
o a
 performe

he oure of
her u
e exemp
o from ue &
axe o
he
emolume
 reeve ue
o
her emplome
&
he exemp
o
o
a e  r
le 33.
a
o al of or perma e
l ree

he S be exemp
from ue
&
axe o
he emolume
 reeve ue
o
her emplome
. Y
o
her repe

he ma e jo prvlege & mmu 
e o l
o
he
ex
e
am

e b
he S. S mu
exere 
 jur
o over

hoe pero   uh a ma er a o

o 
erfere u ul w
h
he
performa e of
he fu 
o  of
he mo .
'c3 SS ma w
h
he pror o e
of S & a

he reque
of a

hr S
a
e o
repree
e  S u er
ake
he
emporar
pro
e
o of
he 
ere
 of
he
hr S
a
e & of 
 a
o al.
c
c
'cJ SS ma af
er o
f g S
a
e o er e e
ru
a o ular
po
e
ablhe  a par
ular S
a
e w
h
he exere of o ular
fu 
o   a o
her S
a
e u le
here  expre obje
o b o e
of
he S
a
e o er e.
'c
. Upo appropra
e o
fa
o
o S a o ular po
of SS
ma u le S obje
 exere o ular fu 
o   S o behalf of
a
hr S
a
e.
'cg*c
g. ea of o ular po
 are appo
e b SS & are am

e
o

he exere of
her fu 
o  b S.
2. Formal
e for appo
me
& amo of
he hea of a
o ular po
are e
erm e b
he law regula
o  & uage of SS
& of S repe
vel.
'cg)c
g. ea of a o ular po
 am

e
o
he exere of h
wha
ever
he form of
h au
hora
o .
3. Subje

o r
. g3 & g5 hea of a o ular po
hall o
e
er
upo h u
e u
l he ha reeve a exequa
ur.

c cc 
c9
c 

'cg  oo a
he hea  am

e eve provo all
o exere
of h fu 
o  S hall mmea
el o
f ompe
e
au
hor
e
of
he o ular 
r
& e ure
ha
eear meaure are
ake

o e able
he hea of a o ular po

o arr ou

he u
e of h
offe &
o have
he be ef
of
he Co ve
o .
'cgJc
g. Y a S
a
e where SS ha o ploma
 mo &  o

repree
e b a ploma
 mo of a
hr S
a
e a o ular
offer ma w
h S
o e
 & w
hou
affe
 g h o ular poble
ake uh eve e a
h ree e or a

he o ular po


a
u be au
hore
o perform ploma
 a
. Suh performa e
b a o ular offer hall o
o fer a  rgh

o lam ploma

prvlege & mmu 
e.
2. Co ular offer ma af
er o
fa
o aree
o S a
a
repree
a
ve of SS
o a  
er-gover me
al orga a
o . e
hall be e

le
o e jo prvlege & mmu 
e aore
o uh a
repree
a
ve b u
omar YL or b 

l agreeme
;  repe
of 'c3c

he performa e b hm of a  o ular fu 
o  he hall o
be
e

le
o a  grea
er mmu 
 from jur
o
ha
ha

o whh
a o ular offer  e

le u er
he Co ve
o .
'c )c
g. Co ular preme & ree e of
he areer hea of whh SS or
a  pero a
 g o 
 behalf 
he ow er or leee hall be
exemp
from all a
o al rego al or mu pal ue &
axe o
her

ha uh a repree
pame
for pef erve re ere.
2. Vax exemp
o  par. g hall o
appl
o uh ue &
axe f
u er S law
he are paable b
he pero who o
ra
e w
h
SS or w
h
he pero a
 g o 
 behalf.
'
$c 3/ (8+&)
g. W
h a vew
o fal
a
 g
he exere of o ular fu 
o 
rela
 g
o SS a
o al
(a) o ular offer hall be free
o ommu a
e w
h SS a
o al
&
o have ae
o
hem. SS a
o al hall have
he ame freeom
WYV EGD VO ommu a
o w
h & ae
o o ular offer
of SS;
(b) f he o reque
 ompe
e
au
hor
e of S hall w
hou

ela  form
he o ular po
of SS f w
h 
 o ular 
r
 a
SS a
o al  arre
e or omm

e
o pro or
o u
o pe  g

ral or  e
a e.  ommu a
o aree
o
he o ular
po
b uh pero hall alo be forware b a au
hor
e
w
hou
ela. Sa au
hor
e hall  form
he pero o er e
w
hou
ela of h rgh
 u er
h ub-paragraph;
() o ular offer hall have
he rgh

o v
a SS a
o al who 
 pro  u
o or e
e
o 
o o vere & orrepo  w
h hm
c
cc>cc-
$cDc
&
o arra ge for h legal repree
a
o . Vhe hall alo have
he
$c
rgh

o v
a  SS a
o al who   pro  u
o or e
e
o 
purua e of a jugme
. Co ular offer hall refra from
ak g
a
o o behalf of a a
o al who   pro  u
o or e
e
o
f he exprel oppoe uh a
o .
2. Vhe rgh
  par. g hall be exere  o form
 w
h S law
ubje

o
he provo
ha
a law mu
e able full effe

o be
gve
o
he purpoe for whh
he rgh
 aore u er
h
r
le are 
e e.
'c J/ Yf releva
 forma
o  avalable
o ompe
e
au
hor
e
of S uh au
hor
e hall have
he u

(a) ea
h of a SS a
o al  form w
hou
ela
he o ular po

whoe 
r

he ea
h ourre;
(b)  form ompe
e
o ular po
w
hou
ela of a  ae where

he appo
me
of a guara or
ru
ee appear
o be 
he

ere
 of a m or or o
her pero lak g full apa
 who  a SS
a
o al. Vhe gv g of
h  forma
o hall be w
hou
prejue
o

he opera
o of S law o er  g uh appo
me
;

Page J) of g *
'cc
g. ember of a o ular po
ma be alle upo
o a

e  a
w
ee 
he oure of jual or am 
ra
ve proee g.
o ular emploee or a member of
he erve 
aff hall o
 exep

 par. 3 el e
o gve eve e. Yf a o ular offer houl el e

o o o o oerve meaure or pe al
 ma be apple
o hm.
2. Vhe au
hor
 requr g
he eve e of a o ular offer hall
avo 
erfere e w
h
he performa e of fu 
o . Whe
or aep
a 
a
eme
from hm  wr
 g.
3. ember of a o ular po
are u er o oblga
o
o gve
eve e o er  g ma

er o e
e w
h
he exere of
her
fu 
o  or
o proue offal orrepo e e & oume
 & are
e

le
o el e
o gve eve e a exper
w
ee WYV
EGD VO SS law.
g. Co ular offer & o ular emploee & faml member
form g par
of
her houehol hall be exemp
from all oblga
o 
u er S law  regar
o
he reg
ra
o of ale  & ree e
perm
.
2. Par. g hall o
appl
o a  o ular emploee who  o
a
perma e
emploee of SS or who arre o a  prva
e ga ful
oupa
o  S or
o a  member of
he faml of a  uh
emploee.
'cJc
g. ember of
he o ular po
hall WYV EGD VO erve
re ere for SS be exemp
from a  oblga
o   regar
o work
perm
 mpoe b S law o er  g
he emplome
of foreg
labour.
2. ember of
he prva
e 
aff of o ular offer & of o ular
emploee hall f
he o o
arr o a  o
her ga ful oupa
o

he S be exemp
from
he oblga
o   par. g.
'c2g Dea
h of a member of
he o ular po
or of faml member
form g par
of h houehol S
(a) perm
expor
of
he movable proper
 of
he eeae exep

proper
 aqure  S
he expor
of whh wa prohb
e a

he

me of h ea
h;
(b) o
lev a
o al rego al or mu pal e
a
e ueo or
 her
a e u
e & u
e o
ra fer o movable proper

he
pree e of whh 
he S wa ue olel
o
he pree e 
ha

S
a
e of
he eeae a a member of
he o ular po
or a a
member of
he faml of a member of
he o ular po
.
cYYYc9c
c ccc$c-
'c2
c
g. r
. 28 29 30 3439 54.3 & 55.2 & 3 hall appl
o o ular
po
 heae b a ho orar o ular offer. Vhe fal
e
prvlege & mmu 
e of uh o ular po
 hall be gover e b
r
. 5962.
2. r
. 42 43 44.3 45 & 53 & 55.g hall appl
o ho orar o ular
offer. Fal
e prvlege & mmu 
e of uh o ular offer
hall be gover e b r
. 6367.
3. ere prvlege & mmu 
e hall o
be aore
o member
of
he faml of a ho orar o ular offer or of
a o ular emploee emploe a
a o ular po
heae b a
ho orar o ular offer.
4. Exha ge of o ular bag be
wee 2 o ular po
 heae b
ho orar o ular offer  ffere
S
a
e hall o
be allowe
w
hou

he o e
of
he 2 S o er e.
c
8 

28 3
() f a veel hav g
he a
o al
 of SS  wreke or ru  US Emba a  
aff  Yra were 
?cc w
hou

agrou   S
err
oral ea or 
er al wa
er or f a arraf
Yra a au
hor
e 

cc uh bu
w
h c
reg
ere  SS uffer a ae
o S
err
or  form w
hou

cc b
he a
ollah.
ela
he o ular po
eare

o
he e e of
he ourre e.

c cc 
c9
c 
 Page J of g *
,+ Y 
 Y m 0 

Vhe falure of
he Yra a '

$c)5g8,c& c
eur
 fore
o pro
e

he Emba or
ake a  
ep
o lbera
e Y orer
o e ure  c c $
 a
o b
he U 
e

he 
aff member amou
e
o a 

ccY@c
cc ?a
o  
 ember g] o fer o
he Seur
 Cou l 
c
c4
c
cc%
 
$c
cccc 


 for
he ma
e a e of 
er a
o al peae a 

ccc$cc c
cc. eur
 a  2] agree
ha
  arr g o 
 u
e u er
h
c repo bl

he Seur
 Cou l $cc
c.
&G#
%@

'
$c)2,c& c
2%@+83
Vhe ember of
he U 
e ?a
o  agree
o $$ a  $c
exo lam breahe of
he Me a Co ve
o o Co ular

he $

ccc.$
c$
  aora e w
h
he pree

ela
o  (w
h regar
o $ 
$
) 
he
rea
me
of 52
Char
er.
exa  $
$cc$cc 
he US.
'
$c) 5g8,c& c
,+ Y ! 


 O o
e w
hou
ela  o

Vhe Seur
 Cou l hall o 
of 
c   of
he U 
e
eearl
o be 
erpre
e a mmea
el upo arre
 or a
?a
o . Vhe epubl of Ch a Fra e
he U o of Sove
Soal


be 
erpre
e
o g f
ha

he provo of
he o
e mu

epubl
he U 
e K gom of Grea
Br
a a  ?or
her
eearl preee a  
erroga
o  o
ha

he omme eme

Yrela  a 
he U 
e S
a
e of mera hall be  c
of 
erroga
o before
he o
fa
o woul be a breah of r
. 36.
  of
he Seur
 Cou l. Vhe Ge eral embl hall $c
Bu

he Cour
oberve
ha

here  
ll a ccc
c
c  ember of
he U 
e ?a
o 
o be 9 c


cc
cc
 
ccccccc
  of
he Seur
 Cou l ue regar be g peall pa 
c
c
c
?cccc
cc
c
 or o e
here

he fr
 
a e of
he g] $

 of ember of
he U 
e
are cc
cccc
ccc
c
l.
?a
o 
o
he a] 
$cc

c$cc$

US wa  breah of 
 oblga
o 
o 5g  vual.
a 
o
he b] c  of
he Orga a
o  a  alo
o 2]
0
c
$c


.
Vhere are c c
c'/c 3c5g8. Yf a S
a
e breahe 

oblga
o u er r
. 36 (gb)  o
o
f g
he Co ular Po
of
'
$c)J5 8,c& c

he o
her 
a
e of
he e
e
o of
he la

er
 a
o al 
alo
Deo  of
he Seur
 Cou l o all o
her ma

er hall be mae
breahe r
. 36 (ga) beaue 
prelue
he o ular offer of
b a 
 
c c c 
c    lu g
he $$
c

he o
her S
a
e
o ommu a
e w
h a  have ae
o
her
ccc c  ;  Y
ha
  eo  u er
a
o al a well a r
. 36 (g) beaue 
prelue
he o ular
Chap
er MY a  u er paragraph 3 of r
le 52 a ccc
c
offer of
he o
her S
a
e from v
 g
her e
a e a
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 from vo
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from arra g g for legal repree
a
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omm

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he (b) whe ccc.$
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er)
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he $
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h
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o
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o ra
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eua
o rema  a ma

er of f a al apa
.
Yeall huma rgh
 are e fore ome
all where
legal 
em have evolve
her ow law pu h g
he vola
o of
huma rgh
23. Y efaul
of uh law o e a have reor

o

er a
o al law bu
o l f all o
her avalable loal remee have
bee exhau
e. uma rgh
 o ve
o  have pu
 plae
meha m for
he rere of huma rgh
 vola
o 
ha
a be
brough
eve b  vual ( o ee for epoual b
her 
a
e
epeall f
he 
a
e 
elf  aue of
he vola
o ) example of

hee are
he Y
er-mera Cour
of uma gh
 e
ablhe
u er
he mera Co ve
o o uma gh
 a 
he Europea
Cour
of uma gh
 u er
he Europea Co ve
o o uma


 


 gh
. Y
he abe e of uh 
er a
o al meha m (a
he ae
!
    a where
he o l huma rgh
 our
e
ablhe wa
he
Vhe o ep
of huma rgh
 a be fou   umerou

rea
e a  o
her holarl work bu

hoe
ha
fall w
h
he
rubr of
he 
er a
o al legal 
em are
hoe whh org a
e
huma rgh

from
he Char
er of
he U 
e ?a
o  a 
he U veral
Delara
o of uma gh
. Vhe e hr eme
of huma rgh
 

hee  
rume
 wa mo
va
e b
he ere
o preve

he
repe

o of
he a
ro
e omm

e ur g Worl War YY.
Par
ularl 
he U? Char
er fa
h  reaffrme  fu ame
al
huma rgh
 
he g 
 a  wor
h of ever huma pero  

he equal rgh
 of me a  wome a  of a
o  large a 
mallg9. Vhe expre purpoe of
he U 
e ?a
o   lue
ahev g 
er a
o al oopera
o  olv g 
er a
o al
problem of a eo om oal ul
ural or huma 
ara
hara
er a   promo
 g a  e ourag g repe
for huma
rgh
 a  for fu ame
al freeom for all w
hou
rm a
o
a
o rae ex la guage or relgo 20. Vhe U? Char
er
 refere e efaul
of bo
h a  vual woul f  
har
o l
ga
e a ae of

o fu ame
al huma rgh
 fou  a au
hor
a
ve expreo 
g948 whe
he Ge eral embl aop
e
he U veral Delara
o
of uma gh
 a ompla
o of 3g ar
le ar
ula
 g wha

he

er a
o al ommu 
 beleve are
he mo
ba a 
fu ame
al rgh

ha
ever huma be g  e

le
o.





8$ 
 
 
  
o e 
he rab o fere e) huma rgh
 vola
o  ma be
aree 
he U? uma gh
 Cou l. Vhe C however a
o l a
o ae b  ve
ga
o a  reomme a
o . Y

u er
ake a pero revew of all U? member
reor o ou
r a be pare from
he revew a  make
reomme a
o 
o
he Ge eral embl aor gl. Y
a alo
o er emerge  
ua
o  of huma rgh
 vola
o  a  make

he ame reomme a
o 
o
he G. Ul
ma
el
he  fur
her
meaure ee
o be a 
o e b
he G. Yf a a
 properl
a

rbu
able
o a 
a
e u er 
er a
o al law a huma rgh

24
vola
o woul e
al
he 
er a
o al repo bl
 of
ha

a
e .
ae a
herefore be brough
before
he YCJ prove
ha

he
aue woul be epoue b a 
a
e a  prove fur
her
ha
uh

a
e epou g woul have uffe
legal 
ere

he pu
e. Y
um
herefore huma rgh
 e foreme
ver largel  e
ere
o ome
 legla
o a  
er a
o al
rea
 oblga
o . Y
vola
o . Vhe U? a o l 
ep 
o br g a ae before

er a
o al a

e
o . Yf
he huma rgh
 abue beome o
weprea a  
ema
 a
o o 

u
e a
hrea

o
he peae or
a breah of
he peae
he
he Seur
 Cou l a 
ep 
o
he
p
ure prove all
he requ
e are pree
a  all proeure are
omple w
h a prove  Chap
er 7 of
he U? Char
er.


  
  :K:
Ge eral embl eolu
o of
he U?  Y 


 
YY  of
he ex
e e of a u
omar orm of 
er a
o al
law
ha
 b  g o all 
a
e. owever uh u
omar 
a
u
woul epe  o ma  fa
or lke
he ex
e e of # 
o

he o
rar or
he umber of 
a
e-g a
ore or
he orma
ve
2g
hara
er of
he o
e
of
he reolu
o . Vhe UD
herefore 
o
a legall b  g  
rume
Y Y ju
lke all o
her U? G
Bo
h of
hee boe of 
er a
o al law am a
pro
e
 g

he 
ere
 of ever  vual. owever 
er a
o al huma
rgh
 law apple a
all
me a  a
all plae gve
her  here

a  u veral a
ure. Y o
ra
 
er a
o al huma 
ara law
beome applable o l ur g  
a e of arme o fl
. Doe
eolu
o . Vhe YCJ however ha mae a a
egoral huma rgh
 law appl ur g arme o fl
 ES. S e huma
pro ou eme

ha

he o
e
of
he UD alrea emboe rgh
 are  volable a   here

he a ever be mofe b
22
pr ple
ha
are legall b  g . O uh ba we a vall o
ex
ual real
e eve of arme o fl
. uma rgh
 wll follow
cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc cc cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc cc
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c ( c c & c c c
*
c #&(!c!(
cc c  >c !c&!"c
9 ,
c! c c-,/
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c # c (#c "c #$c & c #&

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c 2c  c *< c 2c 
)$c c c $
  
 
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c&(ccc
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cc c $cc


c c 
+c %
c  c # c " c c  c c ;#&$c c(
)*$ *%

c2 @# c(cc0(#c?"c- *CC/c

c cc 
c9
c 
 Page
of g *
ever huma be g wherever a  whe ever. Y arme o fl
 evelopme
). Vhe eba
e  
ll o go g a 
he We
have mae

herefore bo
h huma rgh
 a  huma 
ara law woul appl ma  pro ou eme

ha

he ul
ural rela
v
argume
 be g
mul
a eoul. ue merel
o ju
f 
ro g 
a
e meaure ame a
eo om
evelopme
bu
e
al g arfe of vl a  pol
al rgh
. Y

@
"

 
he mea
me
he  gle huma rgh
 oume
formerl prepare
b
he U? Commo o uma gh
 were pl

o
wo af
er
?O. Y
er a
o al huma rgh
  
rume
 whh are
he muh eba
e. Vhe YCCP o
abl wa more pala
able
o all
o re
e ofa
o  of
he huma rgh
 emboe 
he UD o er e 
a
e beaue 
o
a  abolu
e rule
ha
are eal
reog e
ha

he exere of fu ame
al huma rgh
 (lke o re
e whle
he YCESC (whh prerbe a huma rgh

peeh expreo  aembl lber
 of moveme
 a  relgo ) uh rgh
 a eua
o  emplome
 a  aequa
e 
a ar of
ma be ubje

o er
a lawful lm
a
o . For uh lm
a
o 
o lv g) wa vewe a heavl o
 ge
o
he level of eo om
be lawful however
he houl pa
he
hree-fol
e
of evelopme
of
he 
a
e.
lawful e (g) VE VESV OF LEGLYV . Vhe lm
a
o  mu
be
emboe 
he law o
ha

e  who have ever rgh

o &
 

 $ ($ 
exere
her huma rgh

o
he fulle
ex
e
 a be vall gve
o
e of uh lm
a
o . (2) VE VESV OF PUPOSE. Vhe lm
a
o 
mu
be mpoe for o e or more pefe leg
ma
e purpoe a 
uh purpoe houl alo be k ow
o
he publ. (3) VE VESV OF
POPOVYO?LYV . Vhe exere of huma rgh
  alwa
preume
o be u er
ake  a emora
 oe
. U g
hee

a ar
he a
ure a  ex
e
of
he lm
a
o  o
he exere
of huma rgh
 mu
be aequa
el propor
o al
o
he purpoe
for whh
he were mpoe. Vhe
e
 o
whe
her
he lm
a
o 
are erable or o
harmful bu
whe
her
here  a lear a 
ompell g oal purpoe
ha
wll be erve b uh a
of
lm
a
o .

ES. Commo r
le g of
he
wo o ve
o  reog e

he gh

o Self-De
erm a
o  b vr
ue of whh all people have

he rgh

o e
erm e
her pol
al 
a
u a  freel purue
her
25
eo om oal a  ul
ural evelopme
. Fur
her all people
ma for
her ow e  freel poe of
her a
ural weal
h a 
reoure a 
ha
 o ae ma a people be eprve of 
 ow
mea  of ub
e e26. Vhe reog 
o of
he rgh

o elf-
e
erm a
o aroe from a U? G eolu
o whh equa
e
he
ubje
o of people
o ale ubjuga
o  om a
o  a 
explo
a
o
o a e al of huma rgh
 a  a vola
o of
he U?
27
Char
er .


@



  



? " 


 $ 
? . e from
he U? Char
er a 
he UD
here
are mul
farou  
rume
 o ve
o 
rea
e a  pro
ool
regar g huma rgh
. Vhe mo
popular o e are
he Y
er a
o al
Cove a
o Cvl a  Pol
al gh
 (YCCP)
he Y
er a
o al
Cove a
o Eo om Soal a  Cul
ural gh
 (YCESC)
he
Op
o al Pro
ool
o
hee
wo
he Y
er a
o al Co ve
o o

he Elm a
o of all Form of aal Drm a
o 
he Co ve
o
o
he Elm a
o of ll Form of Drm a
o ga 
Wome 


he Co ve
o ga 
Vor
ure a  O
her Cruel Y huma  a 
Degra g Vrea
me
or Pu hme

he Co ve
o o
he gh

of
he Chl a 
he Y
er a
o al Co ve
o o
he Pro
e
o of

he gh
 of ll gra
Worker a  ember of
her Famle.
For our purpoe we wll
akle
he
wo mo
wel-reog e
 
rume
 embo g
he mo
omprehe ve l
of huma
rgh

he YCCP a 
he YCESC.
Eah S
a
e par
 u er
ake
o repe
a 
o e ure
o
all  vual w
h 

err
or a  ubje

o 
 jur
o
he
rgh
 reog e 
he...Cove a
 w
hou

 
o of a  k 
uh a rae olour ex la guage relgo  pol
al or o
her
op o  a
o al or oal org  proper
 br
h or o
her 
a
u28.
Vhe legal u

o e ure e jome
of
hee rgh
 mple a
oblga
o
o
ake po
ve 
ep
o ee
o 
fr

ha
ome
 law
are mofe whe eear  orer
o ompl w
h
he S
a
e

er a
o al legal oblga
o ; a  eo 
ha

hee law are
 ee effe
vel mpleme
e  pra
e b all publ orga  a 
offal uh a
he our
 ( lu g am 
ra
ve
rbu al)
proeu
or pole offer pro offal hool
he ml
ar
hop
al a 
he lke.




 $ 

!

!"
 

 Vhee are
he rgh

o lfe (ar
. 6;7)
he rgh

o freeom




  from
or
ure or ruel  huma or egra g
rea
me
or
Vhe pl
be
wee
he YCCP a 
he YCESC  refle
ve of
 free o e
(ar
. 7;8)

he o go g eba
e be
wee
hoe who beleve
ha
huma rgh

ough

o be u veral a 
hoe who a
ha

he are ul
urall
rela
ve. Vh Y +(+  + Y+  eba
e owe
o
he fa


ha
evelope We
er 
a
e ma
a
ha
vl a  pol
al rgh

mu
be affore pro
e
o alo ge eo om oal a  ul
ural
rgh
 a  uh 
a ar mu
be
he ame all over
he worl.
Cul
ural rela
v
 o
he o
her ha  beleve
ha

he pro
e
o of
rgh
  a ma

er rela
ve
o
he ul
ure of a par
ular oe
. Vhe
o
able ahere
 of
h vew (ma l
he 
ro gma ruler of a
 ree e ar
. g2(g)]
he
lke aha
hr a  Lee Kua - ew) beleve
ha
 for example a
 ow ar
.
ommu 
e o o
f  
obje
o able
o arfe a meaure of

her vl a  pol
al rgh
  favor of eo om rgh
  epeall f
eo om evelopme
woul reul

o be ef
 aru g
o
he
c
c'%%$c
c'%%$c
e
re ommu 
 (a 
he argue are ommu 
ara  a
ure
c
c'%%$c
c'%%$cc
pu hme
  lu g a prohb
o o be g ubje
e
o meal
or e
f experme
a
o w
hou
o e

he rgh

o freeom from laver
he lave-
rae a  erv
ue ar
.
8(g) a  (2)]
he rgh

o freeom from fore a  ompulor labor
ar
. 8(3)]
he rgh

o lber
 a  eur
 of pero   lu g
freeom from arb
rar arre
a  e
e
o (ar
9;9)
he rgh
of
pero  eprve of
her lber

o be
rea
e w
h huma 
 a 
w
h repe
for
he  here
g 
 of
he huma pero (ar
.
g0;g0) prohb
o of mpro me
merel o
he grou  of
 abl

o fulfl a o
ra
ual oblga
o (ar
. gg) lber
 of
moveme
a  freeom
o hooe o e
rgh

o be free
o leave a  ou
r  lu g o e
g2(2)]
he rgh
o

o be arb
rarl eprve of
he rgh

o e
er
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<
c##c! c
=
c##c! c

whle We
er er are  vual
 ore
a
o  he e
he refual c    
    '  %   %  
 

o eroga
e vl a  pol
al rgh
 eve for
he ake of olle
ve  
c- *=9/c
C
c! c
c'%%$cc

c cc 
c9
c 

o e
 ow ou
r ar
. g2(4)] er
a legal afeguar aga 

u lawful expulo  of ale  lawfull 
he
err
or of a S
a
e par

(ar
. g3;gg)
he rgh

o a far hear g  rm al a  vl ae b
a  epe e
a  mpar
al
rbu al (ar
. g4;g2) freeom from ex
po
fa
o law a 
he re
roa
ve appla
o of heaver pe al
e

ha
hoe
ha
oul be mpoe whe
he rme wa omm

e
(ar
. g5)
he rgh

o reog 
o a a pero before
he law (ar
. g6)

he rgh
o

o be ubje
e
o arb
rar or u lawful 
erfere e
w
h o e
 prva faml home or orrepo e e or
o u lawful
a

ak o o e
 ho or a  repu
a
o (ar
. g7;g3)
he rgh

o
freeom of
hough
 o e e a  relgo (ar
. g8;g4)
he rgh

o
freeom of op o a  of expreo (ar
. g9;g5) prohb
o of war
propaga a a  of avoa of a
o al raal or relgou ha
re
o 

u
 g  
eme

o rm a
o  ho
l
 or vole e (ar
.
20;g6)
he rgh

o peaeful aembl (ar
. 2g)
he rgh

o freeom
of aoa
o (ar
. 22)
he rgh

o marr freel
o fou  a faml
a 
o equal rgh
 a  repo bl
e of poue a
o marrage
ur g marrage a  a

 olu
o (ar
. 23;g7)
he rgh
of
he
hl
o peal pro
e
o w
hou
rm a
o ;
he rgh

o be
reg
ere upo br
h a 
he rgh

o a a
o al
 (ar
. 24;g8)
he
rgh

o popular par
pa
o  publ affar;
he rgh

o vo
e 
pero ele
o  b u veral a  equal uffrage a  ere
ballo

a well a
he rgh

o have ae
o publ erve (ar
. 25;g9)
he
rgh

o equal
 before
he law a 
he equal pro
e
o of
he law
(ar
. 26;20) a 
he rgh
of m or
e
o e jo
her ow ul
ure
relgo a  la guage (ar
. 27.2g).


Page
 of g *
8(g) a  (2))
he rgh
o

o be mpro e merel o
he grou  of
 abl

o fulfl a o
ra
ual oblga
o (ar
. gg)
he prohb
o of
ex po
fa
o law (ar
. g5)
he rgh

o legal pero al
 (ar
. g6)
a  la
l
he rgh

o freeom of
hough
 o e e a  relgo
(ar
. g8). owever 
follow from
he work of
he uma gh

Comm

ee
ha

 o
poble
o o lue a o
raro
ha

beaue a pef rgh
 o
l
e  ar
le 4(2) 
a eearl
be eroga
e from. Co eque
l ome rgh
 ma o
be
eroga
e from beaue
he are o ere
o be  here

o
he
Cove a
a a whole; o e uh example 
he rgh

o jual
remee  o e
o w
h arre
 a  e
e
o  a e
ou

ar
le 9(3) a  (4); o
her ma alo be o -erogable beaue
he
are  pe able
o
he effe
ve e jome
of
he rgh

ha
are
expl
l l
e  ar
le 4(2) uh a
he rgh

o a far
ral for
pero 
hrea
e e w
h
he ea
h pe al
. Vhe Comm

ee ha
fur
her hel u er
he Op
o al Pro
ool
o
he YCCP
ha

he rgh


o be
re b a  epe e
a  mpar
al
rbu al  a abolu
e
rgh

ha
ma uffer o exep
o .
(4)
he o 
o of 
r
ee
. Vh o 
o mea 
ha

he
S
a
e par
 a o l
ake meaure eroga
 g from 
 oblga
o 
u er
he ... Cove a

o
he ex
e

r
l requre b
he
exge e of
he 
ua
o ; a ompare
o
he or ar lm
a
o
provo  eal
w
h above
he o 
o of 
r
ee

ompel a arrow o 
ru
o of
he pr ple of propor
o al
 

ha

he legla
ve meaure
ake mu
a uh be 
r
l requre
b
he exge e of
he emerge  
ua
o ; a  eo l a 


"

 $   vual meaure
ake o
he ba of
ha
legla
o mu

&
:"
  lkewe be 
r
l propor
o a
e. Y

hu eear
o o er
ES. r
le 4 of
he YCCP  k ow a
he Deroga
o
29
Claue . Vhe 
r
o 
o 
ha
gover
he rgh
of
he S
a
e
par
e
o reor

o eroga
o  from
her legal oblga
o  u er
a r
le are
(g)
he o 
o of a publ emerge  whh
hrea
e 
he lfe of

he a
o . Vhe S
a
e par
 e vag g a eroga
o mu
be fa g a

ua
o of exep
o al
hrea

ha
jeopare
he a
o
 lfe
hu pro
e
o of
he  vual or eve 
er a
o al huma 
ara law
exlu g m or or eve more erou 
urba e
ha
o o

affe

he fu 
o  g of
he S
a
e
 emora
  

u
o  or
people
 lve  ge eral.
(2)
he o 
o of offal prolama
o
he ex
e e of a publ
emerge  whh
hrea
e 
he lfe of
he a
o mu
be offall
prolame.  wa expla e ur g
he raf
 g of ar
le 4
he
purpoe
hereof wa
o preve
S
a
e from eroga
 g arb
rarl
from
her oblga
o  u er
he Cove a
whe uh a a
o wa
o
warra
e b eve
30.
(3)
he o 
o of o -erogabl
 of er
a oblga
o . r
le
4(2) of
he Cove a
e umera
e ome rgh
 from whh o
eroga
o a ever be mae eve 
he re
of 
ua
o . Vhee
rgh
 are
he rgh

o lfe (ar
. 6)
he rgh

o freeom from
or
ure
or ruel  huma or egra g
rea
me
or pu hme
(ar
. 7)

he rgh

o freeom from laver
he lave-
rae a  erv
ue (ar
.
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*
whe
her
he meaure o er e are 
r
l requre  orer
o
eal w
h
he emerge  
ua
o .
(5)
he o 
o of o 
e  w
h o
her 
er a
o al legal
oblga
o . O
he ba of
h o 
o 
he uma gh

Comm

ee   pr ple au
hore
o exam e whe
her meaure
of eroga
o mgh
be u lawful a be g  o 
e
w
h o
her

er a
o al
rea
e uh a for  
a e o
her
rea
e for
he
or u
omar 
er a
o al law.
(6)
he o 
o of o -rm a
o . Vhe meaure of eroga
o
ma o
 volve rm a
o olel o
he grou  of rae olour
ex la guage relgo or oal org  (ar
. 4(g)  f e). Vh  a
mpor
a
o 
o  e 
 par
ularl  emerge  
ua
o 

ha

here  a rk of mpo g rm a
or meaure whh have
o obje
ve a  reao able ju
fa
o .
(7)
he o 
o of 
er a
o al o
fa
o . Y orer
o aval 
elf
of
he rgh
of eroga
o  a S
a
e par
 mu
 la
l alo fulfll
he
o 
o  e
ou
 ar
le 4(3) of
he Cove a
 b mmea
el
ubm

 g a o
fa
o of eroga
o
o
he o
her S
a
e par
e

hrough
he Sere
ar-Ge eral. Y
h o
fa
o 
mu
erbe

he provo  from whh 
ha eroga
e a  ...
he reao  b
whh 
wa a
ua
e. eo  o
fa
o mu
be ubm

e o

he a
e o whh 

erm a
e uh eroga
o .
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he YCCP a  
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here are
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he
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c)

cc(c# ( c cc c%c c c 3g
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c  !c !%c 
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he 
er-S
a
e ommu a
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32 33
c c"(
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he  vual ommu a
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2 of g *

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c 
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hu prove for progreve
 
c 
c (c "  !c ## c c c #$c 
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ha

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hou

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he full reala
o of
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! c!!c& c
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a
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c c #$
c &$c % c
arge
e a learl a poble
owar mee
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he oblga
o 
##(
c &"c  c # c c  c  c c c  c $c Ec reog e 
he Cove a
.
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c  c  c %c  c  c ##(c c 3!
c c $c  c 




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c c )!&! c c  c # 6c -&/c 2c  c # c c c 
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c c  c Vhee are
he rgh

o work  lu g
he rgh

o ga
c c &c  c  c  
c %c 3c #c  c  c o e
 lv g b work freel hoe or aep
e (ar
. 6);
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c  c  c !!c
he rgh

o e jo ju
a  favorable o 
o  of work  lu g
) c  c "c c   c  c # c c  c ##
c &$c  c ") c c  c far remu era
o for work of equal value w
hou

 
o of a 
## c
cc c c 6c-/c
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!c%cc# c
k  (ar
. 7);
he rgh

o form
rae u o  a  jo
he
rae u o
  
ccc!$c ccc 
cc!!c)!&! c
# c #
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) c & c )
c 
c 3(
c c  c # 
c c #$c %c  c of o e
 hoe (ar
. 8);
he rgh

o oal eur
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"  !!$c "B
c! cc !c!%c
c!!cc& c c(! c  ura e (ar
. 9); pro
e
o a  a
a e
o
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o be freel e
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o a
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c  c
aequa
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o
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a able 
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c c 
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o eua
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. g3;35);
he
(c  c  c  c  

c   
c c c (&"c -&/
c c (!$c u er
ak g
o evelop e
ale pla  of a
o where ompulor
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 c  c  c  

c   
c c c prmar eua
o  o
e
eure (ar
. g4;36);
he rgh

o
ake
(&"c -&/
c !!c ) c  c "c c & c    
c % c  c # c c
& "c 

cc c## c
cc # c (&#c!!$c
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 ul
ural lfe
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 of e
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o
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from
he pro
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eral 
ere

  c c  c (
c (&"c -&/
c (&#c c  c -/c 2c c !(c reul
 g from a  e
f l
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c c## c !!c  c o e 
he au
hor (ar
. g5).
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c  c ## c
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c c  c !c (&#c #
c &$c  c  c  c
 
c !!c & c
c c  c c2c ) $c # 
c c c !!c & c ?O. Vhe YCESC o
a  a ge eral lm
a
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le 4
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c c  c  c  c  
c -/c
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he S
a
e ma ubje

he e jome
of
he rgh

! c !!c # cc  c % c c c cc  c   c) c guara
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he Cove a
o l
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a
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c
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c "c c c c ! c (c
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c &$c  c  c  c %c  c   $@:  !c c  c
e
erm e b law o l  o far a
h ma be ompa
ble w
h
he

c
c%c!!c#c c  cc c c c cc a
ure of
hee rgh
 a  olel for
he purpoe of promo
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he

!c #$c & c %
%c c $c # c &$c c c  c   $@ ge eral welfare  a emora
 oe
. Fur
hermore lm
a
o 
:  !c(cc%
%!c!!cc '(
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cc$c# c rela
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o
he exere of pef rgh
 are alo o
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he exere of
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o form a  jo
rae
c ( c ##(c &$c $c  c $c !!c & c   )
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c c %
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u o  a well a
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rae u o 
o fu 
o freel ma be
ubje
e
o o re
r
o  o
her
ha
hoe prerbe b law a 
whh are eear  a emora
 oe
 
he 
ere
 of
a
o al eur
 or publ orer or for
he pro
e
o of
he rgh

a  freeom of o
her. From
he  A   Y rela
 g
o
ar
le 4 
 lear
ha

wa o ere mpor
a

o  lue
he
o 
o
ha
lm
a
o  ha
o be ompa
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h a emora

oe

ha

o a a oe
 bae o repe
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mgh

 
ea ver well erve
he e  of 
a
orhp.


Page
3 of g *
g992. Whe he arrve
he rao 
a
o wa urrou e b
oler. lomr S
ak who before
he
ake-over ha bee Me
Charma of
he u pal embl a  af
erwar beame
he
Charma of
he Serb u pal embl expla e o
he rao
wha
ha happe e a 
he SDS' 
e
o  w
h regar
o Prjeor
mu pal
. Vhe a

ak o
he earb
ow of Koara o 24 a
g992 whh  lue
wo a of ar
ller barrage a  a aaul
b
a meha e brgae of
roop reul
e 
he kll g of ome 800
vla  ou
of a popula
o of arou  4000. Whe
he
ow ha
bee ap
ure
he Bo a Serb fore proeee
o rou  up a 
rve ou
of
he area o foo

he e
re o -Serb popula
o . Dur g


"

 ($ 
he oure of
he e
h  lea  g of Koara ma  more vla 
 were bea
e  robbe a  murere b Bo a Serb paraml
ar
?O. U lke
he YCCP
he YCESC oe o
o
a a  a  ml
ar fore.
provo perm

 g eroga
o  from
he legal oblga
o   urre

hereu er. Dur g
he oupa
o of Koara Duko Va
par
pa
e 
he olle
o a  fore
ra fer of vla . 
he

 
 ($ 
  refugee were here ow
he ol Prjeor-Ba ja Luka roa 
he
U er ar
le g6 of
he YCESC
he par
e u er
ake
o
ubm
repor
 o
he meaure whh
he have aop
e a 
he
progre mae  ahev g
he oberva e of
he rgh
 reog e

here  a  

he U? Eo om a  Soal Cou l
ha
 formall
e
ru
e w
h mo 
or g ompla e w
h
he
erm
hereof (ar
.
g6(2)(a)). owever  e
he earl arra geme
 for exam  g
he
pero repor
 were o
a
fa
or
he Cou l rea
e  g985

he Comm

ee o Eo om Soal a  Cul
ural gh
 a a orga
of  epe e
exper
 parallel
o
he uma gh
 Comm

ee e

up u er
he YCCP. Vhe Comm

ee o 
 of egh
ee member
who erve 
her  vual apa
.  
he ae w
h
he uma
gh
 Comm

ee
he repor
 ubm

e b
he S
a
e par
e are
o ere  publ mee
 g a  
he pree e of
repree
a
ve of
he S
a
e par
 o er e. Vhe uo 
eg e
o aheve a o 
ru
ve a  mu
uall rewar g
alogue o
ha

he Comm

ee member a ge
a fuller p
ure of

he 
ua
o preval g 
he ou
r o er e
hereb e abl g

hem
o make
he omme

he beleve mo
appropra
e for
he
mo
effe
ve mpleme
a
o of
he oblga
o  o
a e 
he
Cove a
.
c 
YY
re
o of Koarua ma  of
hem were  gle ou
a  o e
remove from
he olum  were ho
b member of
he Bo a
Serb fore. f
er
he
ake-over of Prjeor a 
he ou
l g area

he Serb fore o f e
houa  of ulm a  Croa
vla  

he Omarka Kera
erm a  Vr opolje amp. Vhe e
ablhme
of

hee amp wa par
of
he Grea
er Serba pla 
o expel o -
Serb from
he Prjeor u pal
. Dur g o f eme
 bo
h male
a  female pro er were ubje
e
o evere m
rea
me
 whh
 lue bea
 g exual aaul

or
ure a  exeu
o . Vhe
were alo ubje
e
o egra g phologal abue b be g
fore
o p
o
he ulm flag  g Serba a
o al
o g or
o
gve
he Serba
hree-f gere alu
e. Dr k g wa
er a
Omarka
wa of
e e e
o
he pro er for lo g pero a  wa  a 
eve
 u u
able for huma o ump
o  au g k e. Vhere
wa ver l

le 
he wa of lava
ore; pro er ha
o wa
hour
before be g allowe
o ue
hem a  ome
me rke be g
bea
e f
he ake
o ue
hem. Pro er were of
e fore
o
efea
e a  ur a
e 
her room. Vhere were o effe
ve
wah g fal
e a  me a 
her lo
he qukl beame fl
h
a  k eae were prevale
 a were au
e ae of arrhoea
a  e
er. Vhe rowe room were 
fl g 
he ummer hea

a  of
e guar refue
o ope w ow  room rowe
o
overflow g or ema e
he ha  g over of a  poeo 

YY

pro er ha ma age
o re
a a
he pre of a ope w ow or
a pla
 jar of wa
er.
Y
c


c 
 c
O 7 a g997
he Vral Chamber re ere 
 jugme

'/c >"cY " ' Y- 'cY#Y 'c Y
& 'c-c >"c-#"c o v
 g Duko Va o
he ba of  vual rm al
G&-.'4Y'c5 >"c '%Yc'."8c repo bl
 (r
le 7(g) of
he S
a
u
e of
he Vrbu al) w
h (g)
 Crme aga 
huma 
 (r
le 5 of
he S
a
u
e - pereu
o  o
O 30 prl g992
he Serb Demora
 Par
 (SDS) pol
al raal a 
or relgou grou ;  huma e a
) a  (2)
o u
e a bloole
ake-over of
he
ow of Prjeor w
h
he a Mola
o  of
he law or u
om of war (r
le 3
hereof - ruel
of
he ml
ar a  pole fore. Vhe a
ual
ake-over wa
rea
me
). e wa me
e ou
a pro e
e e of 20 ear. Bo
h
o u
e 
he earl hour of
he mor  g whe arme Serb
ook
he Defe e a 
he Proeu
o appeale
he Vral Chamber

up po
o  a
hekpo

hroughou
Prjeor w
h oler a  Deo o ffere
grou . Vhe Defe e rele o
he argume

 per o
he roof of
he ma bul g. l
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he Ge eva Co ve
o
g929 a  o
b
h Vrbu al.
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e
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Pa
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ague of g907
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he aue Japa ee war offal.
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er a
o al law;
4. Vhe provo  of
he Char
er are "ex po
fa
o"
legla
o a 
herefore llegal;
Par ugu
27 g928) Vhe ?a
o  who g e
he pa

or ahere
o 
u o 
o all o em e reoure
o
war for
he fu
ure a a  
rume
of pol a  exprel
re ou e 
. f
er
he g  g of
he pa
a  a
o
reor
 g
o war a a  
rume
of a
o al pol break

he pa
. Y
he op o of
he Vrbu al
he olem
re u a
o of war a a  
rume
of a
o al pol
eearl  volve
he propo
o
ha
uh a war 
llegal  
er a
o al law; a 
ha

hoe who pla a 
wage uh a war w
h 
  ev
able a 
errble
o eque e are omm

 g a rme  o o g. Vhe
pr ple of 
er a
o al law whh u er er
a
rum
a e pro
e

he repree
a
ve of a 
a
e
a o
be apple
o a
 whh are o em e a
rm al b 
er a
o al law. Vhe au
hor of
hee a

a o
hel
er
hemelve beh 
her offal po
o 
orer
o be free from pu hme
 appropra
e
proee g. Vhe maxm ' ullum rme  e lege'  o
a
lm
a
o of overeg
 bu
  ge eral a pr ple of
ju
e. Vo aer

ha

 u ju

o pu h
hoe who 
efa e of
rea
e a  aura e have a

ake
eghbour g 
a
e w
hou
war  g  obvoul u
rue
for  uh rum
a e
he a

aker mu
k ow
ha
he
 o g wro g a  o far from 
be g u ju

o pu h
hm 
woul be u ju
f h wro g were allowe
o go
u pu he. Vhe Char
er pefall prove . . . '
he fa


ha
a efe a
a
e purua

o orer of h
Gover me
or of a uperor hall o
free hm from
repo bl
 bu
ma be o ere  m
ga
o of
pu hme
.' Vh provo   o form
 w
h
he law
of all a
o  . . . Vhe
rue
e
whh  fou   var g
egree 
he rm al law of mo
a
o   o

he
ex
e e of
he orer bu
whe
her moral hoe wa 
fa
poble.
Vhe Vrbu al alo e
ablhe
he ra
o ale for hol g repo ble
gover me
offal for
he ll-
rea
me
of pro er ur g
he
war. Y pla g
he bure of e ur g
he proper
rea
me
of
pro er upo
he gover me
(ra
her
ha merel
he ml
ar
offer a
uall e gage  war 
he fel) of
he 
a
e hol g

hem  e
e
o 
he Vrbu al ra
o a
e

c cc 
c9
c 

Pro er
ake  war a  vla 
er ee are 
he
power of
he Gover me
whh ap
ure
hem. Vh wa
o
alwa
he ae. For
he la

wo e
ure however

h po
o ha bee reog e a 
he u
omar law

o
h effe
wa formall emboe 
he ague
Co ve
o ?o. YM  g907 a  repea
e 
he Ge eva
Pro er of War Co ve
o of g929. epo bl
 for
he
are of pro er of war a  of vla 
er ee (all of
who we wll refer
o a "pro er") re

herefore w
h

he Gover me
hav g
hem  poeo . Vh
repo bl
  o
lm
e
o
he u
 of mere
ma
e a e bu
ex
e 
o
he preve
o of
m
rea
me
. Y par
ular a
 of  huma 

o
pro er whh are forbe b
he u
omar law of
a
o  a well a b o ve
o  are
o be preve
e b

he Gover me
hav g repo bl
 for
he pro er.
Y
he harge of
hee u
e
o pro er Gover me

mu
have reor

o pero . Y ee
he Gover me

repo ble 
h e e are
hoe pero  who re

a  o
rol
he fu 
o  of Gover me
. Y
h ae a 

he above regar we are o er e w
h
he member
of
he Japa ee Cab e
. Vhe u

o pro er  o
a
mea  gle oblga
o a
upo a pol
al ab
ra
o . Y

 a pef u

o be performe 
he fr
ae b
hoe
pero  who o 

u
e
he Gover me
. Y
he mul

ue
of u
e a 
ak  volve  moer gover me

here
 of ee
 a elabora
e 
em of ubvo a 
elega
o of u
e. Y
he ae of
he u
 of
Gover me

o pro er hel b
hem 
me of war

hoe pero  who o 

u
e
he Gover me
have
he
pr pal a  o
 u g repo bl
 for
her pro er
eve
hough
he elega
e
he u
e of ma
e a e a 
pro
e
o
o o
her.
Y ge eral
he repo bl
 for pro er hel b Japa
ma be 
a
e
o have re
e upo
g. ember of
he Gover me
;
2. l
ar or ?aval Offer  omma  of forma
o 
hav g pro er 
her poeo ;
3. Offal 
hoe epar
me
 whh were
o er e w
h
he well-be g of pro er;
4. Offal whe
her vla  ml
ar or aval hav g
re
a  mmea
e
o
rol of pro er.
Y

he u
 of all
hoe o whom repo bl
 re

o
eure proper
rea
me
of pro er a 
o preve

her
ll-
rea
me
b e
ablh g a  eur g
he o
 uou
a  effe
work g of a 
em appropra
e for
hee
purpoe. Suh pero  fal 
h u
 a  beome
repo ble for ll-
rea
me
of pro er f
g. Vhe fal
o e
ablh uh a 
em.
2. Yf hav g e
ablhe uh a 
em
he fal
o
eure 
 o
 ue a  effe
work g.
Eah of uh pero  ha a u

o aer
a
ha

he

em  work g a  f he egle

o o o he 
Page +* of g *
repo ble. e oe o
harge h u
 b merel
 

u
 g a appropra
e 
em a 
hereaf
er
egle
 g
o lear of 
 appla
o . rm Comma er
or a  
er of War for example mu
be a

he ame
pa 
o e ure obee e
o h orer 
h repe
a
he woul  repe
of o
her orer he ha ue o
ma

er of
he fr
mpor
a e.
?ever
hele uh pero  are o
repo ble f a proper

em a  
 o
 uou effe
fu 
o  g be
prove for a  o ve
o al war rme be omm

e
u le
g. Vhe ha k owlege
ha
uh rme were be g
omm

e a  hav g uh k owlege
he fale
o

ake uh 
ep a were w
h
her power
o
preve

he ommo of uh rme 
he fu
ure or
2. Vhe are a
faul
 hav g rale
o aqure uh
k owlege.
Yf uh a pero ha or houl bu
for eglge e or
up e e have ha uh k owlege he  o
exue
for  a
o f h Offe requre or perm

e hm
o
ake
a  a
o
o preve
uh rme. O
he o
her ha  

o
e ough for
he exulpa
o of a pero  o
herwe
repo ble for hm
o how
ha
he aep
e aura e
from o
her more re
l aoa
e w
h
he o
rol of

he pro er f hav g regar
o
he po
o of
hoe
o
her
o
he freque  of repor
 of uh rme or
o
a  o
her rum
a e he houl have bee pu
upo
fur
her e qur a
o whe
her
hoe aura e were
rue
or u
rue. Vha
rme are o
orou umerou a 
weprea a
o
me a  plae are ma

er
o be
o ere  mpu
 g k owlege.
member of a Cab e
whh olle
vel a o e of
he
pr pal orga  of
he Gover me
  repo ble for
he
are of pro er  o
abolve from repo bl
 f
hav g k owlege of
he ommo of
he rme 
he
e e alrea ue a  om

 g or fal g
o eure

he
ak g of meaure
o preve

he ommo of uh
rme 
he fu
ure he ele

o o
 ue a a member of

he Cab e
. Vh 
he po
o eve
hough
he
Depar
me
of whh he ha
he harge  o
re
l
o er e w
h
he are of pro er. Cab e
member
ma reg . Yf he ha k owlege of ll-
rea
me
of
pro er bu
ele

o rema 
he Cab e

hereb
o
 u g
o par
pa
e  
 olle
ve repo bl
 for
pro
e
o of pro er he wll gl aume repo bl

for a  ll-
rea
me

he fu
ure.
rm of ?av Comma er a  b orer eure proper

rea
me
a  preve
ll-
rea
me
of pro er. So a
 
er of War a  of
he ?av. f rme are omm

e
aga 
pro er u er
her o
rol of
he lkel
oura e of whh
he ha or houl have ha
k owlege  ava e
he are repo ble for
hoe
rme. Yf for example 
be how
ha
w
h
he u 

u er h omma  o ve
o al war rme have bee
omm

e of whh he k ew or houl have k ow  a
omma er who
ake o aequa
e 
ep
o preve

he
ourre e of uh rme 
he fu
ure wll be repo ble
for uh fu
ure rme.

c cc 
c9
c 

Depar
me
Offal hav g k owlege of ll-
rea
me
of
pro er are o
repo ble b reao of
her falure
o
reg ; bu
f
her fu 
o   lue
he am 
ra
o of

he 
em of pro
e
o of pro er a  f
he ha or
houl have ha k owlege of rme a   o
h g
effe
ve
o
he ex
e
of
her power
o preve

her
ourre e 
he fu
ure
ha

he are repo ble for uh
fu
ure rme.
Page +g of g *
Vhe Vrbu al reje

h argume
 a g
ha

he
o
r e of ubjuga
o  o
applable a lo g a
here
rema  a fore of re
a e w
h
he oupe

err
ore a  a lo g a uh
err
ore were o

uffe
l how
o have bee  orpora
e 
o
he
oup g power
hrough eve e
fur
her ubmo wa mae
ha
Germa 
wa o lo ger bou  b
he rule of la  warfare
/c >"c &"#
"c Y
& 'c
Vhe
ral reul
e from
he war rme a  o
her a
ro
e
mpu
e
o Germa war offal ur g
he Worl War YY. Lke
he
Voko War Crme Vrbu al
he eo of
he Vrbu al 
?uremberg l
 ow (a
le g
h) all
he a
ro
e allegel
omm

e b Germa  ur g
he war par
ularl  Europea

a
e
ha

he have oupe a  aga 

he Jewh people who
have beome prmar v
m of 
 ra 
ampag . For
he
purpoe of 
er a
o al law
he follow g are ome of
he
ee
al pr ple e u a
e b
he Vrbu al  repo e
o
he
varou efe e rae b
he aue Germa war offal.
g.c FYSV DEFE?SE Vhe huma 
ara law provo  of
he
ague Co ve
o o o
appl beaue ome of
he

a
e who par
pa
e 
he War were o
par
e
o
he
Co ve
o . Vhe Vrbu al reje

h propo
o a 
a
egorall 
a
e
ha

he provo  of
he ague
Co ve
o are ar
ula
o  of u
omar 
er a
o al
law rela
 g
o warfare a  o all 
a
e are bou 
o
hem
regarle of o ve
o al oblga
o 
Y
 argue
ha

he ague Co ve
o oe o

appl 
h ae beaue of
he "ge eral
par
pa
o " laue  r
le 2 of
he ague
Co ve
o of g907. Vha
laue prove
"Vhe provo  o
a e 
he regula
o 
(ule of La  Warfare referre
o  r
le g a
well a 
he pree
Co ve
o o o
appl
exep
be
wee o
ra
 g power a 
he
o l f all
he bellgere
 are par
e
o
he
Co ve
o ."
Several of
he bellgere
 
he ree
war
were o
par
e
o
h Co ve
o .
Y
he op o of
he Vrbu al 
 o
eear

o ee
h que
o . Vhe rule of la  warfare
expree 
he Co ve
o u oub
el
repree
e a ava e over ex
 g

er a
o al law a

he
me of
her aop
o .
Bu

he Co ve
o exprel 
a
e
ha

wa
a a

emp
"
o reve
he ge eral law a 
u
om of war" whh 

hu reog e
o be

he ex
 g bu
b g939
hee rule la ow

he Co ve
o were reog e b all vle
a
o  a  were regare a be g elara
or
of
he law a  u
om of war whh are
referre
o  r
le 6 (b) of
he Char
er.
2.c SECO?D DEFE?SE Vhe rule of warfare eae
o be
applable b
he
me
he oupe
err
ore were
 orpora
e 
o Germa  beaue b
he 
he are
o
be
rea
e a Germa
err
or a  Germa  a hooe

o eal w
h uh
err
ore a
hough
he were par
of 
.
 ma  of
he
err
ore oupe ur g
he
war beaue Germa  ha omple
el
ubjuga
e
hoe ou
re a   orpora
e

hem 
o
he Germa eh a fa
whh gave
Germa  au
hor

o eal w
h
he oupe
ou
re a
hough
he were par
of Germa .
Y
he vew of
he Vrbu al 
 u eear 

h ae
o ee whe
her
h o
r e of
ubjuga
o  epe e
a 
 upo ml
ar
o que
 ha a  appla
o where
he
ubjuga
o 
he reul
of
he rme of
aggreve war. Vhe o
r e wa ever
o ere
o be applable o lo g a
here wa
a arm 
he fel a

emp
 g
o re
ore
he
oupe ou
re
o
her
rue ow er a  

h ae
herefore
he o
r e oul o
appl

o a 
err
ore oupe af
er
he g

Sep
ember g939. 
o
he war rme
omm

e  Bohema a  orava 
 a
uffe
a wer
ha

hee
err
ore were
ever ae
o
he eh bu
a mere
pro
e
ora
e wa e
ablhe over
hem.
3.c VYD DEFE?SE Vhere were omm

e o rme aga 

huma 
 ur g
he war. Vhe Vrbu al o l par
l
agree w
h
h beaue
here wa o uffe

eve e
o e
ablh
ha
 before g939 rme aga 

huma 
 have bee omm

e. owever af
er g939
rme aga 
huma 
 have u oub
el bee
omm

e e
her
hrough (g) war rme whh are alo
rme aga 
huma 
 or (2) rme omm

e 
he
exeu
o of a aggreve war
he la

er be g u er
he
jur
o of
he Vrbu al a  a uh woul alo
o 

u
e rme aga 
huma 

W
h regar
o rme aga 
huma 

here  o oub

wha
ever
ha
pol
al oppo e
 were murere  Germa 
before
he war a 
ha
ma  of
hem were kep
 o e
ra
o
amp  rum
a e of grea
horror a  ruel
. Vhe pol of

error wa er
a l arre ou
o a va
ale a   ma  ae
wa orga e a  
ema
. Vhe pol of pereu
o  repreo
a  murer of vla   Germa  before
he war of g939 who
were lkel
o be ho
le
o
he Gover me
 wa mo
ru
hlel
arre ou
. Vhe pereu
o of Jew ur g
he ame pero 
e
ablhe beo  all oub
. Vo o 

u
e rme aga 
huma 


he a
 rele o before
he ou
break of war mu
have bee 
exeu
o of or  o e
o w
h a  rme w
h
he jur
o
of
he Vrbu al. Vhe Vrbu al  of
he op o
ha
revol
 g a 
horrble a ma  of
hee rme were 
ha o
bee a
fa
orl
prove
ha

he were o e  exeu
o of or  o e
o w
h
a  uh rme. Vhe Vrbu al
herefore a o
make a ge eral
elara
o
ha

he a
 before g939 were rme aga 
huma 

w
h
he mea  g of
he Char
er bu
from
he beg  g of
he
war  g939 war rme were omm

e o a va
ale whh were
alo rme aga 
huma 
; a   ofar a
he  huma e a

harge 
he Y 
me
 a  omm

e af
er
he beg  g of
he

c cc 
c9
c 
 Page +) of g *
war  o
o 

u
e war rme
he were all omm

e  (e) Ympro me
or o
her evere eprva
o of phal
exeu
o of or  o e
o w
h
he aggreve war a  lber
  vola
o of

herefore o 

u
e rme aga 
huma 
. fu ame
al rule of 
er a
o al law;
(f) Vor
ure;
. ' & "c-c >"cY " ' Y- 'cY#Y 'c-& c5
c (g) ape exual laver e fore pro

u
o  fore
3
.8 c preg a  e fore 
erla
o 
or a  o
her form of exual vole e of omparable
Overvew grav
;
(h) Pereu
o aga 
a  e
fable group or
Vhe ome S
a
u
e e
ablhe
he Y
er a
o al Crm al Cour
. Vh olle
v
 o pol
al raal a
o al
wa o e o
o rea
e a perma e

rbu al whh woul eal w
h e
h  ul
ural relgou ge er a ef e  paragraph
grave rme
ha

hrea
e
he peae eur
 a  well-be g of
he 3 or o
her grou 
ha
are u verall
worl. Vh Vrbu al hall be +YY  
o a
o al rm al reog e a mpermble u er 
er a
o al law 
jur
o . o e
o w
h a  a
referre
o 
h
paragraph or a  rme w
h
he jur
o of
he
PV g ESVBLYSE?V OF VE COUV Cour
;
() E fore appeara e of pero ;
r
g E
ablhe
he YCC a a perma e
 

u
o hav g (j) Vhe rme of apar
he;
jur
o over mo
erou rme of a
o al o er a  hall (k) O
her  huma e a
 of a mlar hara
er 
e
o all
be ompleme
ar
o a
o al rm al jur
o . au g grea
uffer g or
erou  jur
o bo or
o me
al or phal heal
h.
r
3 Vhe ea
of
he Cour
 
he ?e
herla  a
ague
YY  Y+ Y+YY + Y Y  Y Y Y. 

r
4 Vhe Cour
hall have 
er a
o al legal pero al
. Y
hall  
   YY Y   "+Y
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++  Y  
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alo have uh legal apa
 a ma be eear for
he exere of  "  Y YYY +
 Y+ + 
 Y0  Y 

 fu 
o  a 
he fulfllme
of 
 purpoe. 
-  YY
YY

Y Y   Y 
 "
 ++  Y Y +Y
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PV 2 JUYSDYCVYO? DYSSYBYLYV  ?D PPLYCBLE LW Y+YY  Y   Y +Y+YY  
Y
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r
5 !

$
c
Vhe jur
o of
he Cour
 lm
e
o
he follow g rme ;% " Y Y
 ++ < YY Y 
Y+YY Y   Y Y
 +
 Y
a)c Ge oe + +Y
  Y
Y Y  +YD 
4

b)c Crme aga 
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 Y0   Y
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 Y Y
0  Y 
- ++   
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hall exere jur
o over  "

h o e a provo  aop
e ef  g
h rme.
r
8 (c


r
6 $

Vhe Cour
hall have jur
o  repe
of war rme 
- a
 omm

e w
h 

c
o e
ro  whole or  par
 a
par
ular whe omm

e a
a
o al e
h al raal or relgou group a uh
par
of a pla or pol or a par
of a large-ale ommo of uh
rme.
(a) Kll g member of
he group;
(b) Cau g erou bol or me
al harm
o member of

he group;
() Delbera
el  fl
 g o
he group o 
o  of lfe VY Y Y. YY 
 +Y
+Y+   YY Y   
alula
e
o br g abou

  YY YY
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+     Y  Y  +
phal e
ru
o  whole or  par
;  ( Y  +8
() Ympo g meaure 
e e
o preve
br
h w
h

he group;    Y  Y Y Y. YY 
  YY  Y
(e) Forbl
ra ferr g hlre of
he group
o a o
her Y Y   
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+ 
group.  Y  + ( Y  +8

r
7 
c
c 
 VY Y+  Y. YY 
  Y YY
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 +
-a  of
he follow g a
 whe omm

e a par
of a (g)   Y  Y +Y YY YY
 Y
+ 
weprea or 
ema
 a

ak re
e aga 
a  vla  +  Y Y ; "+Y Y Y 

popula
o (2) w
h k owlege of
he a

ak  Y <
(a) urer;
(b) Ex
erm a
o ; 2. For
he purpoe of
h S
a
u
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her lve
or vole e
o
her pero  hall be 
r
l prohb
e;  par
ular

he hall o
be murere or ex
erm a
e ubje
e
o
or
ure or
meal a
a e a  are or hall o 
o  expo g
hem
o
o
ago or  fe
o be rea
e.
O l urge
meal reao  wll au
hore pror
 
he
orer of
rea
me

o be am 
ere.
Wome hall be
rea
e w
h all o era
o ue
o
her
ex. Vhe Par

o
he o fl
whh  ompelle
o aba o
wou e or k
o
he e em hall a far a ml
ar o era
o 
perm
 leave w
h
hem a par
of 
 meal pero el a  ma
eral

o a

her are.
r
. g3. Vhe pree
Co ve
o hall appl
o
he wou e a  k
belo g g
o
he follow g a
egore
(g) ember of
he arme fore of a Par

o
he o fl
 a well a
member of ml
a or volu
eer orp form g par
of uh arme
fore.
(2) ember of o
her ml
a a  member of o
her volu
eer
orp  lu g
hoe of orga e re
a e moveme

belo g g
o a Par

o
he o fl
a  opera
 g  or ou
e
her
ow
err
or eve f
h
err
or  oupe prove
ha
uh
ml
a or volu
eer orp  lu g uh orga e re
a e
moveme
 fulfl
he follow g o 
o 
(a)
ha
of be g omma e b a pero repo ble for h
ubor a
e;
(b)
ha
of hav g a fxe 
 
ve g reog able a
a 
a e;
()
ha
of arr g arm ope l;
()
ha
of o u
 g
her opera
o   aora e w
h
he law
a  u
om of war.
(3) ember of regular arme fore who profe allega e
o a
Gover me
or a au
hor
 o
reog e b
he De
a  g Power.
(4) Pero  who aompa 
he arme fore w
hou
a
uall be g
member
hereof uh a vl member of ml
ar arraf
rew
war orrepo e
 uppl o
ra
or member of labour u 
 or
of erve repo ble for
he welfare of
he arme fore prove

ha

he have reeve au
hora
o from
he arme fore whh

he aompa .
(5) ember of rew  lu g ma
er plo
 a  appre
e of

he merha
mar e a 
he rew of vl arraf
of
he Par
e
o

he o fl
 who o o
be ef
b more favourable
rea
me

u er a  o
her provo   
er a
o al law.
(6) Y hab
a
 of a o -oupe
err
or who o
he approah of

he e em po
a eoul
ake up arm
o re

he  va g fore
w
hou
hav g ha
me
o form
hemelve 
o regular arme
u 
 prove
he arr arm ope l a  repe

he law a 
u
om of war.
r
. g4. Subje

o
he provo  of r
le g2
he wou e a  k
of a bellgere
who fall 
o e em ha  hall be pro er of war
a 
he provo  of 
er a
o al law o er  g pro er of war
hall appl
o
hem.

c cc 
c9
c 

r
. g5.
all
me a  par
ularl af
er a e gageme
 Par
e
o

he o fl
++  Y+  "Y+++YY Y Y 
 ++Y  YY"   Y  Y
 ++
Y
++( Y Y  Y Y Y Y. Y Y Y 
 
o e ure
he e
fa
o of boe wha
ever
he 
e of
he
YY YY  Y Y
Y+Y.
Whe ever rum
a e perm
 a arm
e or a
upe o of fre hall be arra ge or loal arra geme
 mae
o
perm

he removal exha ge a 
ra por
of
he wou e lef
o

he ba

lefel.
Lkewe loal arra geme
 ma be o lue be
wee
Par
e
o
he o fl
for
he removal or exha ge of wou e a 
k from a beege or e rle area a  for
he paage of
meal a  relgou pero el a  equpme
o
her wa
o
ha

area.
%& Gc -c"-%c >"c(-& %"%A.YCA%"'%c
r
. g6. Par
e
o
he o fl
hall reor a oo a poble 
repe
of eah wou e k or ea pero of
he avere Par

fall g 
o
her ha  a  par
ular whh ma a
 h
e
fa
o .
Vhee reor houl f poble  lue
(a) eg a
o of
he Power o whh he epe ;
(b) arm regme
al pero al or eral umber;
() ur ame;
() fr
ame or ame;
(e) a
e of br
h;
(f) a  o
her par
ular how o h e

 ar or ;
ccc
cc$
$cc
c
(g) a
e a  plae of ap
ure or ea
h;
$/c
(h) par
ular o er  g wou  or ll e or aue of ea
h.
 oo a poble
he above me
o e  forma
o hall be
forware
o
he Y forma
o Bureau erbe  r
le g22 of
he
Ge eva Co ve
o rela
ve
o
he Vrea
me
of Pro er of War of
g2 ugu
g949 whh hall
ra m

h  forma
o
o
he Power
$c&
cc"

c
o whh
hee pero  epe 
hrough
he 
ermear of
he
Pro
e
 g Power a  of
he Ce
ral Pro er of War ge .
Par
e
o
he o fl
hall prepare a  forwar
o eah o
her

hrough
he ame bureau er
fa
e of ea
h or ul au
he
a
e
l
 of
he ea. Vhe hall lkewe olle
a  forwar
hrough
he
ame bureau o e half of a ouble e

  la
wll or o
her
oume
 of mpor
a e
o
he ex
of k  mo e a   ge eral
Page +J of g *
a  marke o
ha

he ma alwa be fou . For
h purpoe

he hall orga e a

he omme eme
of ho
l
e a Offal
Grave eg
ra
o Serve
o allow ubeque
exhuma
o  a 
grave a 
he poble
ra por
a
o
o
he home ou
r. Vhee
provo  hall lkewe appl
o
he ahe whh hall be kep
b

he Grave eg
ra
o Serve u
l proper poal
hereof 
aora e w
h
he whe of
he home ou
r.
 oo a rum
a e perm
 a  a
la
e
a

he e 
of ho
l
e
hee Serve hall exha ge
hrough
he Y forma
o
Bureau me
o e 
he eo  paragraph of r
le g6 l

how g
he exa
loa
o a  mark g of
he grave
oge
her
w
h par
ular of
he ea 
erre
here .
>-."c(>-c'Y%c >"c(-& %"%c'"c - c -c
"c>'#"%c
r
. g8. Vhe ml
ar au
hor
e ma appeal
o
he har
 of
he
 hab
a
 volu
arl
o olle
a  are for u er
her re
o 

he wou e a  k gra
 g pero  who have repo e
o
h
appeal
he eear pro
e
o a  fal
e. Shoul
he avere
Par

ake or re
ake o
rol of
he area he hall lkewe gra

hee
pero 
he ame pro
e
o a 
he ame fal
e.
Vhe ml
ar au
hor
e hall perm

he  hab
a
 a 
relef oe
e eve   vae or oupe area po
a eoul
o
olle
a  are for wou e or k of wha
ever a
o al
. Vhe
vla popula
o hall repe

hee wou e a  k a  
par
ular ab
a from offer g
hem vole e.
cc
cccc
Vhe provo  of
he pree
r
le o o
releve
he
oup g Power of 
 oblga
o
o gve bo
h phal a  moral
are
o
he wou e a  k.
cYYY/c#
r
. g9. Fxe e
ablhme
 a  moble meal u 
 of
he
eal Serve ma  o rum
a e be a

ake bu
hall a
all

me be repe
e a  pro
e
e b
he Par
e
o
he o fl
.
Shoul
he fall 
o
he ha  of
he avere Par

her pero el
hall be free
o purue
her u
e a lo g a
he ap
ur g Power
ha o

elf e ure
he eear are of
he wou e a  k
fou   uh e
ablhme
 a  u 
/c
c
all ar
le of a 
r  or e
me
al value whh are fou  o

he ea. Vhee ar
le
oge
her w
h u e
fe ar
le hall be
e
 eale pake
 aompa e b 
a
eme
 gv g all
par
ular eear for
he e
fa
o of
he eeae ow er
a well a b a omple
e l
of
he o
e
 of
he parel.
#"%Y'c& Y .c- "c
'%c
r
. 22. Vhe follow g o 
o  hall o
be o ere a eprv g
a meal u 
or e
ablhme
of
he pro
e
o guara
ee b
r
le g9
(g) Vha

he pero el of
he u 
or e
ablhme
are arme a 

ha

he ue
he arm 
her ow efe e or 
ha
of
he
Y> c -c
&Y'c
r
. g7. Par
e
o
he o fl
hall e ure
ha
bural or rema
o
of
he ea arre ou
 vuall a far a rum
a e perm

 preee b a areful exam a
o  f poble b a meal
exam a
o  of
he boe w
h a vew
o o frm g ea
h
e
ablh g e

 a  e abl g a repor

o be mae. O e half of

he ouble e

  or
he e

  
elf f 
 a  gle 
houl rema o
he bo.
Boe hall o
be rema
e exep
for mpera
ve
reao  of hge e or for mo
ve bae o
he relgo of
he
eeae. Y ae of rema
o 
he rum
a e a  reao  for
rema
o hall be 
a
e  e
al 
he ea
h er
fa
e or o
he
au
he
a
e l
of
he ea.
Vhe hall fur
her e ure
ha

he ea are ho ourabl

erre f poble aor g
o
he r
e of
he relgo
o whh

he belo ge
ha

her grave are repe
e groupe f poble
aor g
o
he a
o al
 of
he eeae properl ma
a e
wou e a  k 
her harge.
(2) Vha

he abe e of arme orerle
he u 
or e
ablhme

 pro
e
e b a pke
or b e
re or b a eor
.
(3) Vha
mall arm a  ammu 
o
ake from
he wou e a 
k a  o
e
ha e
o
he proper erve are fou  
he u 

or e
ablhme
.
(4) Vha
pero el a  ma
eral of
he ve
er ar erve are fou 

he u 
or e
ablhme
 w
hou
form g a 
egral par


hereof.
(5) Vha

he huma 
ara a
v
e of meal u 
 a 
e
ablhme
 or of
her pero el ex
e 
o
he are of vla
wou e or k.
cY4/c c
r
. 24. eal pero el exluvel e gage 
he earh for or

he olle
o 
ra por
or
rea
me
of
he wou e or k or 

he preve
o of eae 
aff exluvel e gage 
he

c cc 
c9
c 

am 
ra
o of meal u 
 a  e
ablhme
 a well a
hapla  a

ahe
o
he arme fore hall be repe
e a 
pro
e
e  all rum
a e.

cc#
c
' &"%c>"' >c(-C"A>" ".c
r
. 28. Pero el eg a
e  r
le 24 a  26 who fall 
o
he
ha  of
he avere Par
 hall be re
a e o l  o far a
he

a
e of heal
h
he pr
ual ee a 
he umber of pro er of
war requre.
cc
cccc
c
cc of war bu
ma o
be ver
e from
her purpoe a lo g a
he
. ?ever
hele
he hall a
lea
be ef
b all
he provo  of

he Ge eva Co ve
o rela
ve
o
he Vrea
me
of Pro er of
War of g2 ugu
g949. W
h
he framework of
he ml
ar law
a  regula
o  of
he De
a  g Power a  u er
he au
hor
 of

 ompe
e
erve
he hall o
 ue
o arr ou
  aora e
w
h
her profeo al e
h
her meal a  pr
ual u
e o
behalf of pro er of war preferabl
hoe of
he arme fore
o
whh
he
hemelve belo g. Vhe hall fur
her e jo
he follow g
fal
e for arr g ou

her meal or pr
ual u
e
$c c
(a) Vhe hall be au
hore
o v
peroall
he pro er of war
 labour u 
 or hop
al ou
e
he amp. Vhe De
a  g Power
hall pu
a

her poal
he mea  of
ra por
requre.
(b) Y eah amp
he e or meal offer of
he hghe
ra k hall
be repo ble
o
he ml
ar au
hor
e of
he amp for
he
profeo al a
v
 of
he re
a e meal pero el. For
h
purpoe from
he ou
break of ho
l
e
he Par
e
o
he o fl

hall agree regar g
he orrepo  g e or
 of
he ra k of

her meal pero el  lu g
hoe of
he oe
e eg a
e
 r
le 26. Y all que
o  ar g ou
of
her u
e
h meal
offer a 
he hapla  hall have re
ae
o
he ml
ar a 
meal au
hor
e of
he amp who hall gra

hem
he fal
e

he ma requre for orrepo e e rela
 g
o
hee que
o .
() l
hough re
a e pero el  a amp hall be ubje

o 


er al pl e
he hall o
 however be requre
o perform
a  work ou
e
her meal or relgou u
e.
Dur g ho
l
e
he Par
e
o
he o fl
hall make arra geme


$
c

for relev g where poble re
a e pero el a  hall e

le
he
proeure of uh relef.
?o e of
he pree g provo  hall releve
he De
a  g Power
of
he oblga
o  mpoe upo 
w
h regar
o
he meal a 
pr
ual welfare of
he pro er of war.
r
. 30. Pero el whoe re
e
o  o
 pe able b vr
ue of

he provo  of r
le 28 hall be re
ur e
o
he Par

o
he
o fl

o whom
he belo g a oo a a roa  ope for
her
re
ur a  ml
ar requreme
 perm
.
Pe  g
her re
ur 
he hall o
be eeme pro er
of war. ?ever
hele
he hall a
lea
be ef
b all
he provo 
of
he Ge eva Co ve
o rela
ve
o
he Vrea
me
of Pro er of
War of g2 ugu
g949. Vhe hall o
 ue
o fulfl
her u
e
u er
he orer of
he avere Par
 a  hall preferabl be

$
c"

c
e gage 
he are of
he wou e a  k of
he Par

o
he
o fl

o whh
he
hemelve belo g.
O
her epar
ure
he hall
ake w
h
hem
he effe

pero al belo g g valuable a   
rume
 belo g g
o
hem.
r
. 3g. Vhe ele
o of pero el for re
ur u er r
le 30 hall
be mae rrepe
ve of a  o era
o of rae relgo or
pol
al op o  bu
preferabl aor g
o
he hro ologal orer
of
her ap
ure a 
her 
a
e of heal
h.
 from
he ou
break of ho
l
e Par
e
o
he o fl

ma e
erm e b peal agreeme

he pere
age of pero el
o
Page +
of g *
be re
a e  propor
o
o
he umber of pro er a 
he

rbu
o of
he a pero el 
he amp.
c
c4/c

r
. 33. Vhe ma
eral of moble meal u 
 of
he arme fore
whh fall 
o
he ha  of
he e em hall be reerve for
he are
of wou e a  k.
Vhe bul g ma
eral a  
ore of fxe meal
e
ablhme
 of
he arme fore hall rema ubje

o
he law
are requre for
he are of wou e a  k. ?ever
hele
he
omma er of fore 
he fel ma make ue of
hem  ae of
urge
ml
ar ee
 prove
ha

he make prevou
arra geme
 for
he welfare of
he wou e a  k who are
ure 
hem.
Vhe ma
eral a  
ore ef e 
he pree
r
le hall
o
be 
e
o all e
roe.
c4Y/c#
r
. 35. Vra por
 of wou e a  k or of meal equpme

hall be repe
e a  pro
e
e 
he ame wa a moble meal
u 
.
Shoul uh
ra por
 or vehle fall 
o
he ha  of

he avere Par

he hall be ubje

o
he law of war o
o 
o
ha

he Par

o
he o fl
who ap
ure
hem hall  all
ae e ure
he are of
he wou e a  k
he o
a .
Vhe vla pero el a  all mea  of
ra por
ob
a e
b requ
o hall be ubje

o
he ge eral rule of 
er a
o al
law.
r
. 36. eal arraf

ha

o a arraf
exluvel emploe
for
he removal of wou e a  k a  for
he
ra por
of
meal pero el a  equpme
 hall o
be a

ake bu
hall
be repe
e b
he bellgere
 whle fl g a
hegh

me a 
o rou
e pefall agree upo be
wee
he bellgere

o er e.
Vhe hall bear learl marke
he 
prerbe  r
le 38
oge
her w
h
her a
o al olour o
her
lower upper a  la
eral urfae. Vhe hall be prove w
h a 
o
her mark g or mea  of e
fa
o
ha
ma be agree upo
be
wee
he bellgere
 upo
he ou
break or ur g
he oure of
ho
l
e.
U le agree o
herwe flgh
 over e em or e em-
oupe
err
or are prohb
e.
eal arraf
hall obe ever ummo 
o la . Y
he
eve
of a la  g
hu mpoe
he arraf
w
h 
 oupa
 ma
o
 ue 
 flgh
af
er exam a
o  f a .
Y
he eve
of a  volu
ar la  g  e em or e em-
oupe
err
or
he wou e a  k a well a
he rew of
he
arraf
hall be pro er of war. Vhe meal pero el hall be

rea
e aor g
o r
le 24 a 
he r
le follow g.
c4YY/c c%
r
. 38.  a omplme

o Sw
erla 
he heral emblem of
he
c$ o a wh
e grou  forme b rever g
he Feeral
olour  re
a e a
he emblem a  
 
ve g of
he
eal Serve of arme fore.
?ever
hele 
he ae of ou
re whh alrea ue a
emblem  plae of
he re ro
he re ree
or
he re lo
a  u o a wh
e grou 
hoe emblem are alo reog e b

he
erm of
he pree
Co ve
o .
r
. 40. Vhe pero el eg a
e  r
le 24 a   r
le 26 a 
27 hall wear affxe
o
he lef
arm a wa
er-re
a
armle


c cc 
c9
c 
 Page ++ of g *
bear g
he 
 
ve emblem ue a  
ampe b
he ml
ar
or
ure or  huma
rea
me
  lu g bologal experme

au
hor
. wlfull au g grea
uffer g or erou  jur
o bo or heal
h
Suh pero el  a
o
o wear g
he e

  a  ex
e ve e
ru
o a  appropra
o of proper
 o

me
o e  r
le g6 hall alo arr a peal e

 ar ju
fe b ml
ar ee
 a  arre ou
u lawfull a 
bear g
he 
 
ve emblem. Vh ar hall be wa
er-re
a
wa
o l.
a  of uh e
ha

a be arre 
he poke
. Y
hall be
wore 
he a
o al la guage hall me
o a
lea

he ur ame r
. 53. Vhe  b  vual oe
e frm or ompa e e
her
a  fr
ame
he a
e of br
h
he ra k a 
he erve umber publ or prva
e o
her
ha
hoe e

le
here
o u er
he
of
he bearer a  hall 
a
e  wha
apa
 he  e

le
o
he pree
Co ve
o  of
he emblem or
he eg a
o " e Cro "
pro
e
o of
he pree
Co ve
o . Vhe ar hall bear
he or " Ge eva Cro " or a  g or eg a
o o 

u
 g a
pho
ograph of
he ow er a  alo e
her h g a
ure or h f ger- m
a
o
hereof wha
ever
he obje
of uh ue a  rrepe
ve
pr
 or bo
h. Y
hall be emboe w
h
he 
amp of
he ml
ar of
he a
e of 
 aop
o  cc

ccc

.
au
hor
. B reao of
he
rbu
e pa
o Sw
erla  b
he
Vhe e

 ar hall be u form
hroughou

he ame aop
o of
he revere Feeral olour a  of
he o fuo
arme fore a  a far a poble of a mlar
pe 
he arme whh ma are be
wee
he arm of Sw
erla  a 
he 
 
ve
fore of
he gh Co
ra
 g Par
e. Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
emblem of
he Co ve
o 
he ue b prva
e  vual oe
e
ma be gue b
he moel whh  a exe b wa of example or frm of
he arm of
he Sw Co feera
o  or of mark

o
he pree
Co ve
o . Vhe hall  form eah o
her a

he o 

u
 g a m
a
o
hereof whe
her a
raemark or
ou
break of ho
l
e of
he moel
he are u g. Ye

 ar ommeral mark or a par
 of uh mark or for a purpoe
houl be mae ou
 f poble a
lea
 upla
e o e op be g o
rar
o ommeral ho e
 or  rum
a e apable of
kep
b
he home ou
r. wou  g Sw a
o al e
me
 hall be prohb
e a
all
me.
Y o rum
a e ma
he a pero el be eprve of ?ever
hele uh gh Co
ra
 g Par
e a were o


her  g a or e

 ar or of
he rgh

o wear
he armle
. Y par

o
he Ge eva Co ve
o of 27 Jul g929 ma gra

o pror
ae of lo
he hall be e

le
o reeve upla
e of
he ar uer of
he emblem eg a
o  g  or mark eg a
e 
he
a 
o have
he  g a replae. fr
paragraph a
me lm
o

o exee
hree ear from
he
c om g 
o fore of
he pree
Co ve
o
o o
 ue uh ue
c4YYY/c"1$
ccc
c prove
ha

he a ue hall o
be uh a woul appear 
me
r
. 46. epral aga 

he wou e k pero el bul g or of war
o o fer
he pro
e
o of
he Co ve
o .
equpme
pro
e
e b
he Co ve
o are prohb
e. Vhe prohb
o la ow 
he fr
paragraph of
he
pree
r
le hall alo appl w
hou
effe
o a  rgh
 aqure
r
. 47. Vhe gh Co
ra
 g Par
e u er
ake 
me of peae a
hrough pror ue
o
he emblem a  mark me
o e 
he

me of war
o em a
e
he
ex
of
he pree
Co ve
o a eo  paragraph of r
le 38.
wel a poble 
her repe
ve ou
re a   par
ular
o
 lue
he 
u
hereof 
her programme of ml
ar a  f
poble vl  
ru
o  o
ha

he pr ple
hereof ma beome
k ow
o
he e
re popula
o   par
ular
o
he arme fgh
 g c.$c
c
fore
he meal pero el a 
he hapla .

c5YY8ccc'


ccc

cc(,c
cY=/c
cc'ccY$
c .
$cc.
$c#
cc'
c$cc./c,c
%& Gc -c"Y.' "c
r
. 49. Vhe gh Co
ra
 g Par
e u er
ake
o e a
a 
legla
o eear
o prove effe
ve pe al a 
o  for pero 
omm

 g or orer g
o be omm

e a  of
he grave breahe
of
he pree
Co ve
o ef e 
he follow g r
le.
Eah gh Co
ra
 g Par
 hall be u er
he oblga
o

o earh for pero  allege
o have omm

e or
o have orere

o be omm

e uh grave breahe a  hall br g uh pero 
regarle of
her a
o al
 before 
 ow our
. Y
ma alo f 

prefer a   aora e w
h
he provo  of 
 ow legla
o 
ha  uh pero  over for
ral
o a o
her gh Co
ra
 g Par

o er e prove uh gh Co
ra
 g Par
 ha mae ou
a
prma fae ae.
Eah gh Co
ra
 g Par
 hall
ake meaure eear
for
he uppreo of all a
 o
rar
o
he provo  of
he
pree
Co ve
o o
her
ha
he grave breahe ef e 
he
follow g r
le.
Y all rum
a e
he aue pero  hall be ef
b
afeguar of proper
ral a  efe e whh hall o
be le


,c
favourable
ha
hoe prove b r
le g05 a 
hoe follow g
of
he Ge eva Co ve
o rela
ve
o
he Vrea
me
of Pro er of
War of g2 ugu
g949.
g)c'cg++/c
r
2. Y a
o
o
he provo  whh hall be mpleme
e 
peae
me
he pree
Co ve
o hall appl
o all ae of
elare war or of a  o
her arme o fl
whh ma are
be
wee
wo or more of
he gh Co
ra
 g Par
e eve f
he

a
e of war  o
reog e b o e of
hem.
Vhe Co ve
o hall alo appl
o all ae of par
al or

o
al oupa
o of
he
err
or of a gh Co
ra
 g Par
 eve f

he a oupa
o mee
 w
h o arme re
a e.
l
hough o e of
he Power  o fl
ma o
be a par


o
he pree
Co ve
o 
he Power who are par
e
here
o hall
rema bou  b 

her mu
ual rela
o . Vhe hall fur
hermore
be bou  b
he Co ve
o  rela
o
o
he a Power f
he
la

er aep
 a  apple
he provo 
hereof.
r
3. Y
he ae of arme o fl
o
of a 
er a
o al hara
er
ourr g 
he
err
or of o e of
he gh Co
ra
 g Par
e eah
Par

o
he o fl
hall be bou 
o appl cc
follow g
provo 
(g) Pero 
ak g o a
ve par

he ho
l
e  lu g
r
. 50. c$
o whh
he pree g r
le rela
e hall member of arme fore who have la ow
her arm a 
hoe
be
hoe  volv g a  of
he follow g a
 f omm

e aga 
plae hor e omba
b k e wou  e
e
o  or a  o
her
pero  or proper
 pro
e
e b
he Co ve
o wlful kll g aue hall  all rum
a e be
rea
e huma el w
hou
a 

c cc 
c9
c 

avere 
 
o fou e o rae olour relgo or fa
h ex
br
h or weal
h or a  o
her mlar r
era.
Vo
h e 
he follow g a
 are a  hall rema prohb
e a
a 

me a   a  plae wha
oever w
h repe

o
he above-
me
o e pero 
(a) vole e
o lfe a  pero   par
ular murer of all k 
mu
la
o  ruel
rea
me
a 
or
ure;
(b)
ak g of ho
age;
() ou
rage upo pero al g 
  par
ular humla
 g a 
egra g
rea
me
;
()
he pa g of e
e e a 
he arr g ou
of exeu
o 
w
hou
prevou jugeme
pro ou e b a regularl o 

u
e
our
 affor g all
he jual guara
ee whh are reog e a
 pe able b vle people.
(2) Vhe wou e k a  hpwreke hall be olle
e a  are
for.
mpar
al huma 
ara bo uh a
he Y
er a
o al
Comm

ee of
he e Cro ma offer 
 erve
o
he Par
e
o

he o fl
.
Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
houl fur
her e eavour
o br g 
o
fore b mea  of peal agreeme
 all or par
of
he o
her
provo  of
he pree
Co ve
o .
Vhe appla
o of
he pree g provo  hall o
affe

he legal

a
u of
he Par
e
o
he o fl
.
r
4. Y ae of ho
l
e be
wee la  a  aval fore of Par
e

o
he o fl

he provo  of
he pree
Co ve
o cc
cc$ccc
. (5) ember of rew  lu g ma
er plo
 a  appre
e of
Fore pu
ahore hall mmea
el beome ubje

o
he
provo  of
he Ge eva Co ve
o for
he melora
o of
he
Co 
o of
he Wou e a  Sk  rme Fore 
he Fel of
ugu
g2 g949.
r
5. c ccccche provo  of
he
pree
Co ve
o
o
he wou e k a  hpwreke a 
o
member of
he meal pero el a 
o hapla  of
he arme
fore of
he Par
e
o
he o fl
reeve or 
er e 
her
Page g** of g *
O l urge
meal reao  wll au
hore pror
 
he
orer of
rea
me

o be am 
ere.
Wome hall be
rea
e w
h all o era
o ue
o
her
ex.
r
g3. Vhe pree
Co ve
o hall appl
o
he wou e k a 
hpwreke a
ea belo g g
o
he follow g a
egore
(g) ember of
he arme fore of a Par

o
he o fl
 a well a
member of ml
a or volu
eer orp form g par
of uh arme
fore.
(2) ember of o
her ml
a a  member of o
her volu
eer
orp  lu g
hoe of orga e re
a e moveme

belo g g
o a Par

o
he o fl
a  opera
 g  or ou
e
her
ow
err
or eve f
h
err
or  oupe prove
ha
uh
ml
a or volu
eer orp  lu g uh orga e re
a e
moveme
 fulfl
he follow g o 
o 
(a)
ha
of be g omma e b a pero repo ble for h
ubor a
e;
(b)
ha
of hav g a fxe 
 
ve g reog able a
a 
a e;
()
ha
of arr g arm ope l;
()
ha
of o u
 g
her opera
o   aora e w
h
he law
a  u
om of war.
(3) ember of regular arme fore who profe allega e
o a
Gover me
or a au
hor
 o
reog e b
he De
a  g Power.
(4) Pero  who aompa 
he arme fore w
hou
a
uall be g
member
hereof uh a vla member of ml
ar arraf

rew war orrepo e
 uppl o
ra
or member of labour
u 
 or of erve repo ble for
he welfare of
he arme fore
prove
ha

he have reeve au
hora
o from
he arme
fore whh
he aompa .

he merha
mar e a 
he rew of vl arraf
of
he Par
e
o

he o fl
 who o o
be ef
b more favourable
rea
me

u er a  o
her provo  of 
er a
o al law.
(6) Y hab
a
 of a o -oupe
err
or who o
he approah of

he e em po
a eoul
ake up arm
o re

he  va g fore
w
hou
hav g ha
me
o form
hemelve 
o regular arme
u 
 prove
he arr arm ope l a  repe

he law a 
u
om of war.

err
or a well a
o ea pero  fou . -
Y' Y- .c-c >"c".&"%c
r
g4. ll warhp of a bellgere
Par
 hall have
he 
cc
r
7. Wou e k a  hpwreke pero  a well a member 

ha

he wou e k or hpwreke o boar ml
ar
of
he meal pero el a  hapla  ma  o rum
a e hop
al hp a  hop
al hp belo g g
o relef oe
e or
o
re ou e  par
or  e
re

he rgh
 eure
o
hem b
he prva
e  vual a well a merha
veel ah
 a  o
her
pree
Co ve
o  a  b
he peal agreeme
 referre
o  raf
cc wha
ever
her a
o al
 prove
ha


he forego g r
le f uh
here be.
he wou e a  k are  a f

a
e
o be move a 
ha

he
warhp a prove aequa
e fal
e for eear meal
cYY/c(,c.
$cc.
$c
rea
me
.
r
g2. ember of
he arme fore a  o
her pero  me
o e

he follow g r
le who are a
ea a  who are wou e k 'cg2/cYc,c
$cc
$ccccc
or hpwreke hall be repe
e a  pro
e
e  all ccc
cccc


c
$,c
ccc
rum
a e 
be g u er
oo
ha

he
erm "hpwrek" ,ccc0
cc

c,ccc$c
mea  hpwrek from a  aue a   lue fore la  g a
ea cccc
c
cc.
b or from arraf
.
Suh pero  hall be c
cc$c b r
g6. Subje

o
he provo  of r
le g2 c,c
$c

he Par
e
o
he o fl
 whoe power
he ma be w
hou
a  c
$ccc
ccc
c
ccc
avere 
 
o fou e o ex rae a
o al
 relgo  c
cc a 
he provo  of 
er a
o al law
pol
al op o  or a  o
her mlar r
era.  a

emp
 upo o er  g pro er of war hall appl
o
hem. Vhe ap
or ma

her lve or vole e
o
her pero  hall be 
r
l prohb
e;  ee aor g
o rum
a e whe
her 
 expee

o hol
par
ular
he hall o
be murere or ex
erm a
e ubje
e
o
hem or
o o ve
hem
o a por

he ap
or' ow ou
r
o a

or
ure or
o bologal experme
;
he hall o
wlfull be lef
eu
ral por
or eve
o a por
 e em
err
or. Y
he la
ae
w
hou
meal a
a e a  are or hall o 
o  expo g 
cccccc
c
c$c
cc

hem
o o
ago or  fe
o be rea
e. ccc
ccc.

c cc 
c9
c 

r
g7. Wou e k or hpwreke pero  who are la e 
eu
ral por
 w
h
he o e
of
he loal au
hor
e hall fal g
arra geme

o
he o
rar be
wee
he eu
ral a 
he
bellgere
Power be o guare b
he eu
ral Power where o
requre b 
er a
o al law
ha

he a pero  a o
aga

ake par
 opera
o  of war.
Vhe o
 of hop
al aommoa
o a  
er me
hall
be bor e b
he Power o whom
he wou e k or hpwreke
pero  epe .
r
g8. f
er eah e gageme
 Par
e
o
he o fl
hall w
hou

ela
ake all poble meaure
o earh for a  olle

he
hpwreke wou e a  k
o pro
e

hem aga 
pllage a 
ll-
rea
me

o e ure
her aequa
e are a 
o earh for
he
ea a  preve

her be g epole.
c.
c
Whe ever rum
a e perm

he Par
e
o
he o fl

hall o lue loal arra geme
 for
he removal of
he wou e
a  k b ea from a beege or e rle area a  for
he
paage of meal a  relgou pero el a  equpme
o
her
wa
o
ha
area.
%& Gc -c - YGc
r
g9. Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
hall reor a oo a poble 
repe
of eah hpwreke wou e k or ea pero of
he
avere Par
 fall g 
o
her ha  a  par
ular whh ma
a
 h e
fa
o . Vhee reor houl f poble  lue
(a) eg a
o of
he Power o whh he epe ;
(b) arm regme
al pero al or eral umber;
() ur ame;
() fr
ame or ame;
(e) a
e of br
h;
(f) a  o
her par
ular how o h e

 ar or ;
(g) a
e a  plae of ap
ure or ea
h;
(h) par
ular o er  g wou  or ll e or aue of ea
h.
c
 oo a poble
he above-me
o e  forma
o hall be
c$ f
he Par

o
he o fl
o whh
he epe  ha
forware
o
he  forma
o bureau erbe  r
le g22 of
he
Ge eva Co ve
o rela
ve
o
he Vrea
me
of Pro er of War of
ugu
g2 g949 whh hall
ra m

h  forma
o
o
he Power
o whh
hee pero  epe 
hrough
he 
ermear of
he
Pro
e
 g Power a  of
he Ce
ral Pro er of War ge .
Par
e
o
he o fl
hall prepare a  forwar
o eah
o
her
hrough
he ame bureau er
fa
e of ea
h or ul
au
he
a
e l
 of
he ea. Vhe hall lkewe olle
a 
forwar
hrough
he ame bureau o e half of
he ouble e



 Y   
 or
he e

  
elf f 
 a  gle  la
wll or o
her
 Y  Y+
 Y  Y Y. Y
  Y
oume
 of mpor
a e
o
he ex
of k  mo e a   ge eral
all ar
le of a 
r  or e
me
al value whh are fou  o

he ea. Vhee ar
le
oge
her w
h u e
fe ar
le hall be
e
 eale pake
 aompa e b 
a
eme
 gv g all
par
ular eear for
he e
fa
o of
he eeae ow er
a well a b a omple
e l
of
he o
e
 of
he parel.
c
c
ccc
$cc
ccccc
ccc
?cccc
c.
r
20. Par
e
o
he o fl
hall e ure
ha

ccccc
 arre ou
 vuall a far a rum
a e perm
 
preee b a areful exam a
o  f poble b a meal
exam a
o  of
he boe w
h a vew
o o frm g ea
h
e
ablh g e

 a  e abl g a repor

o be mae. Where a
ouble e

   ue o e half of
he  houl rema o

he bo.
Yf ea pero  are la e
he provo  of
he Ge eva
Co ve
o for
he melora
o of
he Co 
o of
he Wou e
a  Sk  rme Fore 
he Fel of ugu
g2 g949 hall be
applable.
Page g*g of g *
r
2g. Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
ma appeal
o
he har
 of
omma er of eu
ral merha
veel ah
 or o
her raf

o

ake o boar a  are for wou e k or hpwreke pero 
a 
o olle

he ea.
Meel of a  k  repo  g
o
h appeal a 
hoe
hav g of
her ow aor olle
e wou e k or hpwreke
pero  hall e jo peal pro
e
o a  fal
e
o arr ou
uh
a
a e.
Vhe ma  o ae be ap
ure o aou
of a  uh

ra por
; bu
 
he abe e of a  prome
o
he o
rar
he
hall rema lable
o ap
ure for a  vola
o  of eu
ral

he
ma have omm

e.
cYYY/c>
r
22. l
ar hop
al hp
ha

o a hp bul
or equppe
b
he Power peall a  olel w
h a vew
o a
 g
he
wou e k a  hpwreke
o
rea
 g
hem a 
o

ra por
 g
hem ma  o rum
a e be a

ake or
ap
ure bu
hall a
all
me be repe
e a  pro
e
e o
o 
o
ha

her ame a  erp
o  have bee o
fe
o

he Par
e
o
he o fl

e a before
hoe hp are emploe.
Vhe hara
er
 whh mu
appear 
he o
fa
o
hall  lue reg
ere gro
o age
he le g
h from 
em
o 
er
a 
he umber of ma
 a  fu el.
r
23. E
ablhme
 ahore e

le
o
he pro
e
o of
he
Ge eva Co ve
o for
he melora
o of
he Co 
o of
he
Wou e a  Sk  rme Fore 
he Fel of ugu
g2 g949
hall be pro
e
e from bombarme
or a

ak from
he ea.
r
24. op
al hp u
le b ?a
o al e Cro Soe
e b
offall reog e relef oe
e or b prva
e pero  hall have

he ame pro
e
o a ml
ar hop
al hp a  cc1

gve
hem a offal ommo a   o far a
he provo  of
r
le 22 o er  g o
fa
o have bee omple w
h.
Vhee hp mu
be prove w
h er
fa
e from
he
repo ble au
hor
e 
a
 g
ha

he veel have bee u er

her o
rol whle f

 g ou
a  o epar
ure.
r
28. Shoul fgh
 g our o boar a warhp
he k-ba hall
be repe
e a  pare a far a poble. 0"(  Y 
Y.Y ++ Y#Y   Y+
YY Y
Y". ?ever
hele
he omma er 
o whoe power

he have falle ma af
er e ur g
he proper are of
he wou e
a  k who are aommoa
e
here  appl
hem
o o
her
purpoe  ae of urge
ml
ar ee
.
r
29. 'c

r
30. Vhe veel erbe  r
le 22 24 25 a  27 hall
affor relef a  a
a e
o
he wou e k a  hpwreke
w
hou

 
o of a
o al
.
Vhe gh Co
ra
 g Par
e u er
ake o

o ue
hee
veel for a  ml
ar purpoe.
Suh veel hall  o we hamper
he moveme
 of

he omba
a
.
Dur g a  af
er a e gageme

he wll a
a

her ow
rk.

c cc 
c9
c 

r
33. erha
veel whh have bee
ra forme 
o hop
al
hp a o
be pu

o a  o
her ue
hroughou

he ura
o of
ho
l
e.
r
35. Vhe follow g o 
o  hall o
be o ere a eprv g
hop
al hp or k-ba of veel of
he pro
e
o ue
o
hem
(g) Vhe fa

ha

he rew of hp or k-ba are arme for
he
ma
e a e of orer for
her ow efe e or
ha
of
he k a 
wou e.
(2) Vhe pree e o boar of appara
u exluvel 
e e
o
fal
a
e avga
o or ommu a
o .
(3) Vhe over o boar hop
al hp or  k-ba of por
able
Page g*) of g *
o er e prove uh gh Co
ra
 g Par
 ha mae ou
a
prma fae ae.
Eah gh Co
ra
 g Par
 hall
ake meaure eear
for
he uppreo of all a
 o
rar
o
he provo  of
he
pree
Co ve
o o
her
ha
he grave breahe ef e 
he
follow g r
le.
Y all rum
a e
he aue pero  hall be ef
b
afeguar of proper
ral a  efe e whh hall o
be le
favourable
ha
hoe prove b r
le g05 a 
hoe follow g of

he Ge eva Co ve
o rela
ve
o
he Vrea
me
of Pro er of
War of ugu
g2 g949.
arm a  ammu 
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ake from
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5g. c$
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e hall
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e
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he proper erve. be
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 f omm

e aga 

(4) Vhe fa

ha

he huma 
ara a
v
e of hop
al hp a  pero  or proper
 pro
e
e b
he Co ve
o wlful kll g
k-ba of veel or of
he rew ex
e 
o
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or
ure or  huma
rea
me
  lu g bologal experme

k or hpwreke vla . wlfull au g grea
uffer g or erou  jur
o bo or heal
h
(5) Vhe
ra por
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a  of pero el 
e e a  ex
e ve e
ru
o a  appropra
o of proper
 o

exluvel for meal u
e over a  above
he ormal ju
fe b ml
ar ee
 a  arre ou
u lawfull a 
requreme
. wa
o l.
c
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r
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al
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he ma c 
c
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o
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ure ur g
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me
he are 
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her or o

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e 
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o meal la  peae
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o all ae of

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r
38. Shp har
ere for
ha
purpoe hall be au
hore
o be
wee
wo or more of
he gh Co
ra
 g Par
e eve f
he

ra por
equpme
exluvel 
e e for
he
rea
me
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a
e of war  o
reog e b o e of
hem.
wou e a  k member of arme fore or for
he preve
o of Vhe Co ve
o hall alo appl
o all ae of par
al or
eae prove
ha

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ular regar g
her voage have
o
al oupa
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err
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ra
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 eve f
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 w
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he rgh

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ma o
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o

o ap
ure
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arre.
o
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o 
he Power who are par
e
here
o hall
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amo g

he Par
e
o
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 eu
ral rema bou  b 

her mu
ual rela
o . Vhe hall fur
hermore
oberver ma be plae o boar uh hp
o verf
he be bou  b
he Co ve
o  rela
o
o
he a Power f
he
equpme
arre. For
h purpoe free ae
o
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la

er aep
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hereof.
hall be gve .
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e
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ar au
hor

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o
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o appl a a





he
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e
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 plae of
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or
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hou
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a wh
e grou 
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he
erm of avere 
 
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h e 
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ular murer of all k 
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50. Vhe gh Co
ra
 g Par
e u er
ake
o e a
a  mu
la
o  ruel
rea
me
a 
or
ure;
legla
o eear
o prove effe
ve pe al a 
o  for pero  (b)
ak g of ho
age;
omm

 g or orer g
o be omm

e a  of
he grave breahe () ou
rage upo pero al g 
  par
ular humla
 g a 
of
he pree
Co ve
o ef e 
he follow g r
le. egra g
rea
me
;
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ra
 g Par
 hall be u er
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o ()
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o 

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e or
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hou
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u
e

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affor g all
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 before 
 ow our
. Y
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 pe able b vle people.
prefer a   aora e w
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 ow legla
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ral
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 erve
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.
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e
o
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houl fur
her e eavour
o br g 
o
fore b mea  of peal agreeme
 all or par
of
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her
provo  of
he pree
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o .
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o of
he pree g provo  hall o
affe

he legal

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u of
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e
o
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.
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4. . 
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he e e of
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 a well a
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a or volu
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of uh arme
fore.
(2) ember of o
her ml
a a  member of o
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orp  lu g
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a e moveme

belo g g
o a Par

o
he o fl
a  opera
 g  or ou
e
her
ow
err
or eve f
h
err
or  oupe prove
ha
uh
ml
a or volu
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 fulfl
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o 
(a)
ha
of be g omma e b a pero repo ble for h
ubor a
e;
(b)
ha
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ve g reog able a
a 
a e;
()
ha
of arr g arm ope l;
()
ha
of o u
 g
her opera
o   aora e w
h
he law
a  u
om of war.
(3) ember of regular arme fore who profe allega e
o a
gover me
or a au
hor
 o
reog e b
he De
a  g Power.
Page g* of g *
(2) Vhe pero  belo g g
o o e of
he a
egore e umera
e 

he pree
r
le who have bee reeve b eu
ral or o -
bellgere
Power o
her
err
or a  whom
hee Power are
requre
o 
er u er 
er a
o al law w
hou
prejue
o a 
more favourable
rea
me
whh
hee Power ma hooe
o gve
a  w
h
he exep
o of r
le 8 g0 g5 30 ff
h paragraph 58-
67 92 g26 a  where ploma
 rela
o  ex
be
wee
he
Par
e
o
he o fl
a 
he eu
ral or o -bellgere
Power
o er e
hoe r
le o er  g
he Pro
e
 g Power. Where
uh ploma
 rela
o  ex

he Par
e
o a o fl
o whom

hee pero  epe  hall be allowe
o perform
owar
hem
he
fu 
o  of a Pro
e
 g Power a prove 
he pree

ormall exere  o form
 w
h ploma
 a  o ular uage
a 
rea
e.
C. Vh r
le hall  o wa affe

he 
a
u of meal pero el
a  hapla  a prove for  r
le 33 of
he pree

Co ve
o .
r
5. Vhe pree
Co ve
o hall appl
o
he pero  referre
o
 r
le 4 from
he
me
he fall 
o
he power of
he e em a 
u
l
her f al releae a  repa
ra
o .
Shoul a  oub
are a
o whe
her pero  hav g
omm

e a bellgere
a
a  hav g falle 
o
he ha  of
he
e em belo g
o a  of
he a
egore e umera
e  r
le 4
uh pero  hall e jo
he pro
e
o of
he pree
Co ve
o
u
l uh
me a
her 
a
u ha bee e
erm e b a ompe
e


rbu al.
r
7. Pro er of war ma  o rum
a e re ou e  par
or
 e
re

he rgh
 eure
o
hem b
he pree
Co ve
o 
a  b
he peal agreeme
 referre
o 
he forego g r
le f
uh
here be.

(4) Pero  who aompa 
he arme fore w
hou
a
uall be g
cc 
cc(c
member
hereof uh a vla member of ml
ar arraf

rew war orrepo e
 uppl o
ra
or member of labour
u 
 or of erve repo ble for
he welfare of
he arme fore
prove
ha

he have reeve au
hora
o  from
he arme
fore whh
he aompa  who hall prove
hem for
ha

purpoe w
h a e

 ar mlar
o
he a exe moel.
(5) ember of rew  lu g ma
er plo
 a  appre
e of

he merha
mar e a 
he rew of vl arraf
of
he Par
e
o

he o fl
 who o o
be ef
b more favourable
rea
me

u er a  o
her provo  of 
er a
o al law.
(6) Y hab
a
 of a o -oupe
err
or who o
he approah of

he e em po
a eoul
ake up arm
o re

he  va g fore
w
hou
hav g ha
me
o form
hemelve 
o regular arme
u 
 prove
he arr arm ope l a  repe

he law a 
u
om of war.
B. Vhe follow g hall lkewe be
rea
e a pro er of war u er
ccc
ccc
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he pree
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o
+    YY 

Y 
Y  
(g) Pero  belo g g or hav g belo ge
o
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 Y 
    

he oupe ou
r f
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eear
 Y YY 
b reao of uh allega e
o 
er
hem eve
hough 
ha
org all lbera
e
hem whle ho
l
e were go g o ou
e
he

err
or 
oupe  par
ular where uh pero  have mae a
u ueful a

emp

o rejo
he arme fore
o whh
he
belo g a  whh are e gage  omba
 or where
he fal
o
ompl w
h a ummo  mae
o
hem w
h a vew
o 
er me
.
cYY/cc $
r
g2. Pro er of war are 
he ha  of
he e em Power bu

o
of
he  vual or ml
ar u 
 who have ap
ure
hem.
Yrrepe
ve of
he  vual repo bl
e
ha
ma ex

he
De
a  g Power  repo ble for
he
rea
me
gve
hem.
Pro er of war ma o l be
ra ferre b
he De
a  g
Power
o a Power whh  a par

o
he Co ve
o a  af
er
he
De
a  g Power ha a
fe 
elf of
he wll g e a  abl
 of
uh
ra feree Power
o appl
he Co ve
o . Whe pro er of
war are
ra ferre u er uh rum
a e repo bl
 for
he
appla
o of
he Co ve
o re
 o
he Power aep
 g
hem
whle
he are  
 u
o.
?ever
hele f
ha
Power fal
o arr ou

he provo 
of
he Co ve
o  a  mpor
a
repe

he Power b whom
he
pro er of war were
ra ferre hall upo be g o
fe b
he
Pro
e
 g Power
ake effe
ve meaure
o orre

he 
ua
o or
hall reque

he re
ur of
he pro er of war. Suh reque
 mu

be omple w
h.
r
g3. 
+
Y + Y
Y 
 YY+ 
  Y++Y Y
 YY  Y
Y . Y par
ular o pro er of war ma be ubje
e
o
phal mu
la
o or
o meal or e
f experme
 of a 
k  whh are o
ju
fe b
he meal e
al or hop
al

rea
me
of
he pro er o er e a  arre ou
 h 
ere
.
Lkewe pro er of war mu
a
all
me be pro
e
e
par
ularl aga 
a
 of vole e or 
ma
o a  aga 

 ul
 a  publ uro
.

c cc 
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 Page g* of g *
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c
c
cccc Sum of mo e arre b pro er of war ma o
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ake awa from
hem exep
b orer of a offer a  af
er
he
amou
a  par
ular of
he ow er have bee reore  a
r
g4. Pro er of war are e

le  all rum
a e
o repe
peal reg
er a  a 
eme reep
ha bee gve  legbl
for
her pero  a 
her ho our.  rbe w
h
he ame ra k a  u 
of
he pero u g
he a
Wome hall be
rea
e w
h all
he regar ue
o
her reep
. Sum 
he urre  of
he De
a  g Power or whh are
ex a  hall  all ae be ef
b
rea
me
a favourable a
ha
ha ge 
o uh urre  a

he pro er' reque
 hall be plae
gra
e
o me .
o
he re
of
he pro er' aou
a prove  r
le 64.
Pro er of war hall 
ccc$

c$$
 whh Vhe De
a  g Power ma w
hraw ar
le of value from

he e joe a

he
me of
her ap
ure. Vhe De
a  g Power ma pro er of war o l for reao  of eur
; whe uh ar
le are
o
re
r

he exere e
her w
h or w
hou

 ow
err
or of w
hraw 
he proeure la ow for um of mo e mpou e

he rgh
 uh apa
 o fer exep
 o far a
he ap
v
 hall appl.
requre. Suh obje
 lkewe um
ake awa  a  urre 
o
her
ha
ha
of
he De
a  g Power a 
he o vero of whh
r
g5. Vhe Power e
a  g pro er of war hall be bou 
o ha o
bee ake for b
he ow er hall be kep

he u
o of
prove free of harge for
her ma
e a e a  for
he meal
he De
a  g Power a  hall be re
ur e 
her  
al hape
o
a

e
o requre b
her 
a
e of heal
h. pro er of war a

he e  of
her ap
v
.

cYYY/c

c r
g9. Pro er of war hall be evaua
e a oo a poble af
er
.$
cg/c


cc

c
her ap
ure
o amp 
ua
e  a area far e ough from
he
r
g7. Ever pro er of war whe que
o e o
he ubje
  omba
o e for
hem
o be ou
of a ger.
bou 
o gve o l h ur ame fr
ame a  ra k a
e of br
h O l
hoe pro er of war who ow g
o wou  or
a  arm regme
al pero al or eral umber or fal g
h k e woul ru grea
er rk b be g evaua
e
ha b
equvale
 forma
o . rema  g where
he are ma be
emporarl kep
bak  a a ger
Yf he wlfull  fr ge
h rule he ma re er hmelf o e.
lable
o a re
r
o of
he prvlege aore
o h ra k or 
a
u. Pro er of war hall o
be u eearl expoe
o
Eah Par

o a o fl
 requre
o fur h
he pero  a ger whle awa
 g evaua
o from a fgh
 g o e.
u er 
 jur
o who are lable
o beome pro er of war
w
h a e

 ar how g
he ow er' ur ame fr
ame .$
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cc(c
ra k arm regme
al pero al or eral umber or equvale
cY/cc-
c
 forma
o  a  a
e of br
h. Vhe e

 ar ma fur
hermore r
2g. Vhe De
a  g Power ma ubje
pro er of war
o
bear
he g a
ure or
he f gerpr
 or bo
h of
he ow er a  
er me
. Y
ma mpoe o
hem
he oblga
o of o
leav g
ma bear a well a  o
her  forma
o
he Par

o
he o fl
beo  er
a lm

he amp where
he are 
er e or f
he
ma wh
o a o er  g pero  belo g g
o 
 arme fore. a amp  fe e   of o
go g ou
e 
 perme
er. Subje

o
 far a poble
he ar hall meaure 6.5 x g0 m. a  hall be
he provo  of
he pree
Co ve
o rela
ve
o pe al a 
ue  upla
e. Vhe e

 ar hall be how b
he pro er pl ar a 
o  pro er of war ma o
be hel  loe
of war upo ema  bu
ma  o ae be
ake awa from hm. o f eme
exep
where eear
o afeguar
her heal
h a 
! + Y +   Y   Y 
 

he o l ur g
he o
 ua
o of
he rum
a e whh make
Y  Y
+ Y Y 
  Y Y
 Y uh o f eme
eear.

  
 " YY  Y 
  Y
Y  Pro er of war ma be par
all or wholl releae o
Y   Y  Y YY+ Y YY +Y   parole or prome  o far a  allowe b
he law of
he Power o
 
Y Y Y 
 " whh
he epe . Suh meaure hall be
ake par
ularl 
Pro er of war who ow g
o
her phal or me
al ae where
h ma o
rbu
e
o
he mproveme
of
her 
a
e
o 
o  are u able
o 
a
e
her e

 hall be ha e over
o of heal
h. ?o pro er of war hall be ompelle
o aep
lber
 o

he meal erve. Vhe e

 of uh pro er hall be parole or prome.
e
ablhe b all poble mea  ubje

o
he provo  of
he Upo
he ou
break of ho
l
e eah Par

o
he o fl

pree g paragraph. hall o
f
he avere Par
 of
he law a  regula
o  allow g or
Vhe que
o  g of pro er of war hall be arre ou
 forb g 
 ow a
o al
o aep
lber
 o parole or prome.
a la guage whh
he u er
a . Pro er of war who are parole or who have gve
her prome 
o form
 w
h
he law a  regula
o  o o
fe are bou  o
r
g8. ll effe
 a  ar
le of pero al ue exep
arm hore
her pero al ho our rupuloul
o fulfl bo
h
owar
he Power
ml
ar equpme
a  ml
ar oume
 hall rema 
he o whh
he epe  a 
owar
he Power whh ha ap
ure
poeo of pro er of war lkewe
her me
al helme
 a  ga
hem
he e gageme
 of
her parole or prome. Y uh ae
mak a  lke ar
le ue for pero al pro
e
o . Effe
 a 
he Power o whh
he epe   bou  e
her
o requre or
o
ar
le ue for
her lo
h g or fee g hall lkewe rema  aep
from
hem a  erve  ompa
ble w
h
he parole or

her poeo  eve f uh effe
 a  ar
le belo g
o
her prome gve .
regula
o ml
ar equpme
.

o
me houl pro er of war be w
hou
e

 r
22. Pro er of war ma be 
er e o l  preme loa
e o
oume
. Vhe De
a  g Power hall uppl uh oume

o la  a  affor g ever guara
ee of hge e a  heal
hful e.
pro er of war who poe o e. Exep
 par
ular ae whh are ju
fe b
he 
ere
of
he
Bage of ra k a  a
o al
 eora
o  a  ar
le pro er
hemelve
he hall o
be 
er e  pe 
e
are.
hav g above all a pero al or e
me
al value ma o
be
ake Y 
  Y YY+   Y Y Y Y
from pro er of war. + Y# 
  Y++Y YY+Y 
 Y
 +Y+ Y

c cc  c9 c 
 Page g*2 of g *
Vhe De
a  g Power hall aemble pro er of war  lo apar
from
he ba
h a  hower w
h whh
he
amp or amp ompou  aor g
o
her a
o al
 la guage amp hall be fur he pro er of war hall be prove w
h
a  u
om prove
ha
uh pro er hall o
be epara
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le
o o o u le 
ua
o re er
h 
ep eear he hall be 
er e b
he

her epar
ure  o
rar
o
he a
o al 
ere
 of
he S
a
e. Vhe Power  whoe ha  he ma be.
appla
o  of uh pero 
o leave hall be ee  aora e
w
h regularl e
ablhe proeure a 
he eo hall be r
. 44. Y appl g
he meaure of o
rol me
o e 
he

ake a rapl a poble. Vhoe pero  perm

e
o leave ma pree
Co ve
o 
he De
a  g Power hall o

rea
a e em
prove
hemelve w
h
he eear fu  for
her jour e a  ale  exluvel o
he ba of
her a
o al
 e jure of a

ake w
h
hem a reao able amou
of
her effe
 a  ar
le of e em S
a
e refugee who o o
  fa
 e jo
he pro
e
o of
pero al ue. a  gover me
.
Yf a  uh pero  refue permo
o leave
he

err
or he hall be e

le
o have refual reo ere a oo .$
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c

c
a poble b a appropra
e our
or am 
ra
ve boar r
. 47. Pro
e
e pero  who are  oupe
err
or hall o
be
eg a
e b
he De
a  g Power for
ha
purpoe. eprve  a  ae or  a  ma er wha
oever of
he be ef

Upo reque
 repree
a
ve of
he Pro
e
 g Power of
he pree
Co ve
o b a  ha ge 
roue a
he reul
of
hall u le reao  of eur
 preve

 or
he pero  o er e
he oupa
o of a
err
or 
o
he  

u
o  or gover me
of
obje
 be fur he w
h
he reao  for refual of a  reque
for
he a
err
or or b a  agreeme
o lue be
wee
he
permo
o leave
he
err
or a  be gve  a expe
oul a au
hor
e of
he oupe
err
ore a 
he Oup g Power or
poble
he ame of all pero  who have bee e e permo b a  a exa
o b
he la

er of
he whole or par
of
he oupe

o leave.
err
or.
  orer
o  ue
hem
o work for
he Oup g Power are
r
. 38. W
h
he exep
o of peal meaure au
hore b
he prohb
e.
pree
Co ve
o   par
ularl b r
le 27 a  4g
hereof
he

ua
o of pro
e
e pero  hall o
 ue
o be regula
e  r
. 64. ccccc$$
c
cc

c
c
pr ple b
he provo  o er  g ale  
me of peae. Y a  $ w
h
he exep
o
ha

he ma be repeale or upe e
ae
he follow g rgh
 hall be gra
e
o
hem b
he Oup g Power  ae where
he o 

u
e a
hrea

o

 eur
 or a ob
ale
o
he appla
o of
he pree

(g)
he hall be e able
o reeve
he  vual or olle
ve relef Co ve
o .

ha
ma be e

o
hem. Subje

o
he la

er o era
o a 
o
he ee
 for
(2)
he hall f
her 
a
e of heal
h o requre reeve meal e ur g
he effe
ve am 
ra
o of ju
e
he
rbu al of
he
a

e
o a  hop
al
rea
me

o
he ame ex
e
a
he a
o al oupe
err
or hall o
 ue
o fu 
o  repe
of all
of
he S
a
e o er e. offe e overe b
he a law.
(3)
he hall be allowe
o pra
e
her relgo a 
o reeve Vhe Oup g Power ma however ubje

he
pr
ual a
a e from m 
er of
her fa
h. popula
o of
he oupe
err
or
o provo  whh are
(4) f
he ree  a area par
ularl expoe
o
he a ger of ee
al
o e able
he Oup g Power
o fulfl 
 oblga
o 
war
he hall be au
hore
o move from
ha
area
o
he ame u er
he pree
Co ve
o 
o ma
a
he orerl gover me

ex
e
a
he a
o al of
he S
a
e o er e. of
he
err
or a 
o e ure
he eur
 of
he Oup g Power
(5) hlre u er ff
ee ear preg a
wome a  mo
her of of
he member a  proper
 of
he oup g fore or
hlre u er eve ear hall be ef
b a  prefere
al am 
ra
o  a  lkewe of
he e
ablhme
 a  l e of

rea
me

o
he ame ex
e
a
he a
o al of
he S
a
e ommu a
o ue b
hem.
o er e.
r
. 68. Pro
e
e pero  who omm
a offe e whh  olel
r
. 40. Pro
e
e pero  ma be ompelle
o work o l
o
he 
e e
o harm
he Oup g Power bu
whh cc
ame ex
e
a a
o al of
he Par

o
he o fl
 whoe $
ca a

emp
o
he lfe or lmb of member of
he

err
or
he are. oup g fore or am 
ra
o  or a grave olle
ve a ger
Yf pro
e
e pero  are of e em a
o al

he ma or eroul amage
he proper
 of
he oup g fore or
o l be ompelle
o o work whh  ormall eear
o e ure am 
ra
o or
he  
alla
o  ue b
hem hall be lable
o

he fee g hel
er g lo
h g
ra por
a  heal
h of huma 
er me
or mple mpro me
 prove
he ura
o of uh
be g a  whh  o
re
l rela
e
o
he o u
of ml
ar 
er me
or mpro me
 propor
o a
e
o
he offe e
opera
o . omm

e. Fur
hermore 
er me
or mpro me
hall for
uh offe e be
he o l meaure aop
e for eprv g pro
e
e
Y
he ae me
o e 
he
wo pree g paragraph pro
e
e pero  of lber
. Vhe our
 prove for u er r
le 66 of
he
pero  ompelle
o work hall have
he be ef
of
he ame pree
Co ve
o ma a

her re
o o ver
a e
e e of
work g o 
o  a  of
he ame afeguar a a
o al worker mpro me

o o e of 
er me
for
he ame pero.
 par
ular a regar wage hour of labour lo
h g a  Vhe pe al provo  promulga
e b
he Oup g Power
equpme
 prevou
ra  g a  ompe a
o for oupa
o al  aora e w
h r
le 64 a  65 ma mpoe
he c
ae
 a  eae. aga 
a pro
e
e pero c
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. 42. Vhe 
er me
or pla g  ag e ree e of pro
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e $$
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pero  ma be orere o l f
he eur
 of
he De
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h pe al

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a
make 
abolu
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e
e pero u le
he a

e
o of
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ularl alle
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he Oup g Power he  o
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o 
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. 8g. Par
e
o
he o fl
who 
er pro
e
e pero  hall be
allega e. bou 
o prove cc$cc
c

$ a 
o gra

Y a  ae
he ea
h pe al
 ma o
be pro ou e o
hem alo
he meal a

e
o requre b
her 
a
e of heal
h.
a pro
e
e pero who wa u er egh
ee ear of age a

he
me ?o eu
o from
he allowa e alare or re
 ue
of
he offe e.
o
he 
er ee hall be mae for
he repame
of
hee o
.
Vhe De
a  g Power hall prove for
he uppor
of
hoe
r
. 70.
 Y YY ++ Y Y Y Y Y  epe e
o
he 
er ee f uh epe e
 are w
hou

 Y  Y$ 

Y 
   Y 
  aequa
e mea  of uppor
or are u able
o ear a lv g.
Y YYY
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 Y   Y  
Y Y
  YYY 
 YY
 Y+ 
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c
  r
. 83. Vhe De
a  g Power hall o
e
up plae of 
er me

?a
o al of
he oup g Power who before
he area par
ularl expoe
o
he a ger of war.
ou
break of ho
l
e have ough
refuge 
he
err
or of
he Vhe De
a  g Power hall gve
he e em Power
hrough
oupe S
a
e hall o
be arre
e proeu
e o v
e or
he 
ermear of
he Pro
e
 g Power all ueful  forma
o
epor
e from
he oupe
err
or exep
for offe e regar g
he geographal loa
o of plae of 
er me
.
omm

e af
er
he ou
break of ho
l
e or for offe e u er Whe ever ml
ar o era
o  perm
 
er me

ommo law omm

e before
he ou
break of ho
l
e whh amp hall be  a
e b
he le

er YC plae o a
o be learl
aor g
o
he law of
he oupe S
a
e woul have ju
fe vble 
he a
me from
he ar. Vhe Power o er e ma
ex
ra
o 
me of peae. however agree upo a  o
her 
em of mark g. ?o plae o
her

ha a 
er me
amp hall be marke a uh.
r
. 75. Y o ae hall pero  o em e
o ea
h be eprve of

he rgh
of pe

o for paro or repreve. r
.84. Y
er ee hall be $$

cc


c
?o ea
h e
e e hall be arre ou
before
he c
c
cccc
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expra
o of a pero of a lea
x mo
h from
he a
e of reep

cccc.
b
he Pro
e
 g Power of
he o
fa
o of
he f al jugme

o frm g uh ea
h e
e e or of a orer e  g paro or cYYY/ccc
c
repreve. r
. 89. Dal foo ra
o  for 
er ee hall be uffe

Vhe x mo
h pero of upe o of
he ea
h e
e e qua

 qual
 a  vare

o keep 
er ee  a goo 
a
e of
here prerbe ma be reue   vual ae  heal
h a  preve

he evelopme
of u
r
o al efe e.
rum
a e of grave emerge   volv g a orga e
hrea

o ou
hall alo be
ake of
he u
omar e
of
he 
er ee.

he eur
 of
he Oup g Power or 
 fore prove alwa Y
er ee hall alo be gve
he mea  b whh
he a

ha

he Pro
e
 g Power  o
fe of uh reu
o a   gve prepare for
hemelve a  a
o al foo 
her poeo .
reao able
me a  oppor
u 

o make repree
a
o 
o
he Suffe
r k g wa
er hall be upple
o 
er ee.
ompe
e
oup g au
hor
e  repe
of uh ea
h e
e e. Vhe ue of
obao hall be perm

e.
Y
er ee who work hall reeve a
o al ra
o  
r
. 76. $cc$$cc$ccc
c
c propor
o
o
he k  of labour whh
he perform.
c$$
c$,cc
c$
$cccc
c Expe
a
a  ur g mo
her a  hlre u er ff
ee
$c
. Vhe hall f poble be epara
e from o
her ear of age hall be gve a
o al foo  propor
o
o
her
e
a ee a  hall e jo o 
o  of foo a  hge e whh wll phologal ee.
be uffe

o keep
hem  goo heal
h a  whh wll be a
lea

equal
o
hoe ob
a  g  pro  
he oupe ou
r. r
. 90. Whe
ake 
o u
o 
er ee hall be gve all
Vhe hall reeve
he meal a

e
o requre b
her fal
e
o prove
hemelve w
h
he eear lo
h g

a
e of heal
h. foo
wear a  ha ge of u erwear a  la
er o 
o proure fur
her
Vhe hall alo have
he rgh

o reeve a  pr
ual upple f requre. Shoul a  
er ee o
have uffe

a
a e whh
he ma requre. lo
h g aou
be g
ake of
he lma
e a  be u able
o
Wome hall be o f e  epara
e quar
er a  hall be proure a  
hall be prove free of harge
o
hem b
he
u er
he re
upervo of wome . De
a  g Power.
Proper regar hall be pa
o
he peal
rea
me
ue
o Vhe lo
h g upple b
he De
a  g Power
o 
er ee
m or. a 
he ou
war mark g plae o
her ow lo
he hall o
be
Pro
e
e pero  who are e
a e hall have
he rgh

o g om ou or expoe
hem
o rule.
be v
e b elega
e of
he Pro
e
 g Power a  of
he Worker hall reeve u
able work g ou
f
  lu g
Y
er a
o al Comm

ee of
he e Cro  aora e w
h
he pro
e
ve lo
h g whe ever
he a
ure of
her work o requre.
provo  of r
le g43.
Suh pero  hall have
he rgh

o reeve a
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o e cY4/c>
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relef parel mo
hl. r
. 9g. Ever plae of 
er me
hall have a aequa
e  frmar
u er
he re
o of a qualfe o
or where 
er ee ma have
.$
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c
he a

e
o
he requre a well a a appropra
e e
. Yola
o
cY/cc

c war hall be e
ae for ae of o
agou or me
al eae.
a
er 
 ae a  
er ee uffer g from erou
r
. 80. Y
er ee hall 
c
cc$

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 a  hall eae or whoe o 
o requre peal
rea
me
 a urgal
exere uh a

e a
rgh
 a ma be ompa
ble w
h
her opera
o or hop
al are mu
be am

e
o a   

u
o

a
u. where aequa
e
rea
me
a be gve a  hall reeve are o

 feror
o
ha
prove for
he ge eral popula
o .
Y
er ee hall for prefere e have
he a

e
o of
meal pero el of
her ow a
o al
.

c cc 
c9
c 

Y
er ee ma o
be preve
e from pree
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ccc

hemelve
o
he meal au
hor
e for exam a
o . Vhe meal
au
hor
e of
he De
a  g Power hall upo reque
 ue
o
ever 
er ee who ha u ergo e
rea
me
a offal er
fa
e
how g
he a
ure of h ll e or  jur a 
he ura
o a 
a
ure of
he
rea
me
gve . upla
e of
h er
fa
e hall be
forware
o
he Ce
ral ge  prove for  r
le g40.
Vrea
me
  lu g
he provo of a  appara
u
eear for
he ma
e a e of 
er ee  goo heal
h
par
ularl e
ure a  o
her ar
fal appla e a  pe
ale
hall be free of harge
o
he 
er ee.
c4YY/c'


cc%
$

c who f  
mpoble
o reeve ew from
her rela
ve or
o gve
r
. 99. Ever plae of 
er me
hall be pu
u er
he au
hor
 of
a repo ble offer hoe from
he regular ml
ar fore or
he
regular vl am 
ra
o of
he De
a  g Power. Vhe offer 
harge of
he plae of 
er me
mu
have  h poeo a op
of
he pree
Co ve
o 
he offal la guage or o e of
he
offal la guage of h ou
r a  hall be repo ble for 

appla
o . Vhe 
aff  o
rol of 
er ee hall be  
ru
e 

he provo  of
he pree
Co ve
o a  of
he am 
ra
ve
meaure aop
e
o e ure 
 appla
o .
Vhe
ex
of
he pree
Co ve
o a 
he
ex
 of peal
agreeme
 o lue u er
he a Co ve
o hall be po
e
 e
he plae of 
er me
  a la guage whh
he 
er ee
u er
a  or hall be 
he poeo of
he Y
er ee Comm

ee.
egula
o  orer o
e a  publa
o  of ever k 
hall be ommu a
e
o
he 
er ee a  po
e  e
he plae
of 
er me
  a la guage whh
he u er
a .
Ever orer a  omma  aree
o 
er ee
 vuall mu
 lkewe be gve  a la guage whh
he
u er
a .
Page gg of g *
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he De
a  g Power eem 
eear
o lm

he umber
of le

er a  ar e
b eah 
er ee
he a umber hall o

be le
ha
wo le

er a  four ar mo
hl;
hee hall be
raw up o a
o o form a loel a poble
o
he moel
a exe
o
he pree
Co ve
o . Yf lm
a
o  mu
be plae o

he orrepo e e aree
o 
er ee
he ma be orere
o l b
he Power
o whh uh 
er ee owe allega e pobl
a

he reque
of
he De
a  g Power. Suh le

er a  ar mu

be o vee w
h reao able epa
h;
he ma o
be elae or
re
a e for pl ar reao .
Y
er ee who have bee a lo g
me w
hou
ew or

hem ew b
he or ar po
al rou
e a well a
hoe who are a

a o erable 
a e from
her home hall be allowe
o e 

elegram
he harge be g pa b
hem 
he urre  a

her
poal. Vhe hall lkewe be ef
b
h provo  ae whh
are reog e
o be urge
.
 a rule 
er ee' mal hall be wr

e 
her ow
la guage. Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
ma au
hore orrepo e e
 o
her la guage.
r
. gg3. Vhe De
a  g Power hall prove all reao able
exeu
o fal
e for
he
ra mo 
hrough
he Pro
e
 g
Power or
he Ce
ral ge  prove for  r
le g40 or a
o
herwe requre of wll power of a

or e le

er of au
hor

or a  o
her oume
 
e e for 
er ee or epa
he b

hem.
Y all ae
he De
a  g Power hall fal
a
e
he
exeu
o a  au
he
a
o  ue legal form of uh oume

o behalf of 
er ee  par
ular b allow g
hem
o o ul
a
lawer.

r
. g00. Vhe 

$

c

c
c$cc

ccc r
. gg4. Vhe De
a  g Power hall affor 
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 a  hall  o c
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c prove
h  o

rum
a e  lue regula
o  mpo g o 
er ee a   ompa
ble w
h
he o 
o  of 
er me
a 
he law whh 
phal exer
o a gerou
o
her heal
h or  volv g phal or applable. For
h purpoe
he a Power ma gve
hem
moral v
ma
o . Ye
fa
o b
a

oo g or mpr
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o leave
he plae of 
er me
 urge
ae a  f
mark g o
he bo  prohb
e. rum
a e allow.
Y par
ular prolo ge 
a  g a  roll-all
pu hme
rll ml
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o  are prohb
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he
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her home  urge
ae par
ularl  ae of ea
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c ll e of rela
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he Y
er a
o al Comm

ee of
he e
Cro a  a  o
her orga a
o whh ma a

hem. Vhe Chap
er YX. Pe al a  Dpl ar Sa 
o 
member of
he Comm

ee hall be elgble for re-ele
o .
Y
er ee o ele
e hall e
er upo
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e af
er r
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o
he provo  of
he pree
Chap
er
he law

her ele
o ha bee approve b
he e
a  g au
hor
e. Vhe  fore 
he
err
or  whh
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a e 
c$
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he cc
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 hall e
al pl ar pu hme
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o e week af
er h arrval  a plae of 
er me
 a  lkewe  ?o 
er ee ma be pu he more
ha o e for
he
ae of k e or
ra fer
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 Bureau  forma
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e
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hee pro
e
e pero  a for example
ra fer releae
repa
ra
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a e
o hop
al br
h a  ea
h.
r
. g37. Eah a
o al Bureau hall mmea
el forwar
 forma
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e
e pero  b
he mo
rap mea 

o
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err
or
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hrough
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ermear of
he Pro
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 g Power a  lkewe
hrough
he
Ce
ral ge  prove for  r
le g40. Vhe Bureaux hall alo
repl
o all e qure whh ma be reeve regar g pro
e
e
pero .
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o Bureaux hall
ra m
 forma
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e
e pero u le 

ra mo mgh
be e
rme
al
o
he
pero o er e or
o h or her rela
ve. Eve  uh a ae
he
 forma
o ma o
be w
hhel from
he Ce
ral ge  whh
upo be g o
fe of
he rum
a e wll
ake
he eear
preau
o   a
e  r
le g40.
c $ c
ll ommu a
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hall reeve from
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e
o
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all reao able fal
e
for effe
 g uh
ra mo .
Vhe gh Co
ra
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e a   par
ular
hoe whoe
a
o al be ef
b
he erve of
he Ce
ral ge  are
reque
e
o gve
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he f a al a 
ma requre.
Vhe forego g provo  hall  o wa be 
erpre
e a re
r
 g

he huma 
ara a
v
e of
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er a
o al Comm

ee of
he
e Cro a  of
he relef Soe
e erbe  r
le g42.
r
. g4g. Vhe a
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he Ce
ral
Y forma
o ge  hall e jo free po
age for all mal lkewe
he
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r
. g38. Vhe  forma
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he a
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ra m

e b 
hall be of uh a hara
er a
o make 
poble PV g GE?EL POMYSYO?S

o e
f
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e
e pero exa
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of k Preamble
qukl. Vhe  forma
o  repe
of eah pero hall  lue a
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wh
o ee peae preval amo g people
lea
h ur ame fr
ame plae a  a
e of br
h a
o al
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a
e ha
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o refra from
he
hrea
or ue of fore
la
ree e a  
 guh g hara
er

he fr
ame of aga 

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err
oral 
egr
 or pol
al

he fa
her a 
he mae ame of
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her
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e plae a   epe e e of a  S
a
e
a
ure of
he a
o
ake w
h regar
o
he  vual
he are
a
whh orrepo e e ma be e

o hm a 
he ame a  Sope (r
le g)
are of
he pero
o be  forme. Vc Y ae o
overe b
h Pro
ool or b o
her 
er a
o al
agreeme
 vla  a  omba
a
 rema u er
he
Lkewe  forma
o regar g
he 
a
e of heal
h of 
er ee who pro
e
o a  au
hor
 of
he pr ple of 
er a
o al law
are eroul ll or eroul wou e hall be upple regularl a  erve from e
ablhe u
om from
he pr ple of huma 

f poble ever week. a  from 
a
e of publ o e e.
Vc appl
o all ae of elare war or of a  o
her arme o fl

r
. g39. Eah a
o al Y forma
o Bureau hall fur
hermore be whh ma are be
wee
wo or more of
he gh Co
ra
 g
repo ble for olle
 g all pero al valuable lef
b pro
e
e Par
e eve f
he 
a
e of war  o
reog e b o e of
hem.
pero  me
o e  r
le g36  par
ular
hoe who have bee
Vc appl
o all ae of par
al or
o
al oupa
o of
he
err
or of
repa
ra
e or releae or who have eape or e; 
hall
a gh Co
ra
 g Par
 eve f
he a oupa
o mee
 w
h
forwar
he a valuable
o
hoe o er e e
her re
 or f
o arme re
a e.
eear
hrough
he Ce
ral ge . Suh ar
le hall be e
b
Vc l
hough o e of
he Power  o fl
ma o
be a par

o
he

he Bureau  eale pake
 whh hall be aompa e b
pree
Co ve
o 
he Power who are par
e
here
o hall

a
eme
 gv g lear a  full e

 par
ular of
he pero
o
rema bou  b 

her mu
ual rela
o . Vhe hall
whom
he ar
le belo ge a  b a omple
e l
of
he o
e

fur
hermore be bou  b
he Co ve
o  rela
o
o
he a
of
he parel. De
ale reor hall be ma
a e of
he reep
a 
Power f
he la

er aep
 a  apple
he provo 
hereof.
epa
h of all uh valuable.
Vc arme o fl
 whh people are fgh
 g aga 
olo al
om a
o a  ale oupa
o a  aga 
ra
regme 
he
r
. g40. Ce
ral Y forma
o ge  for pro
e
e pero  
exere of
her rgh
of elf-e
erm a
o
par
ular for 
er ee hall be rea
e  a eu
ral ou
r. Vhe
Y
er a
o al Comm

ee of
he e Cro hall f 
eem
Def 
o  (r
le 2)
eear propoe
o
he Power o er e
he orga a
o of
Vc ule of 
er a
o al law applable  arme o fl
" mea 
he
uh a ge  whh ma be
he ame a
ha
prove for 
rule applable  arme o fl
e
for
h  
er a
o al
r
le g23 of
he Ge eva Co ve
o rela
ve
o
he Vrea
me
of
agreeme

o whh
he Par
e
o
he o fl
are Par
e a 
he
Pro er of War of g2 ugu
g949.
ge erall reog e pr ple a  rule of 
er a
o al law
whh are applable
o arme o fl

Vhe fu 
o of
he ge  hall be
o olle
all  forma
o of
he

pe e
for
h  r
le g36 whh 
ma ob
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ral or o
her S
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whh ha bee eg a
e b a Par

o
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ou
re of org or of ree e of
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e b
he avere Par
 a  ha agree
o arr ou

 ae where uh
ra mo  mgh
be e
rme
al
o
he
pero  whom
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he fu 
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he
Co ve
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h Pro
ool
Vc "Sub

u
e" mea  a orga a
o a
 g  plae of a Pro
e
 g
Power
Pro
e
 g Power (r
le 5)
Vc u
 of
he Par
e
o a o fl
from
he beg  g of
ha
o fl


o eure
he upervo a  mpleme
a
o of
he Co ve
o 
a  of
h Pro
ool b
he appla
o of
he 
em of Pro
e
 g
Power
Vc Pro
e
 g Power hall have
he u
 of afeguar g
he

ere
 of
he Par
e
o
he o fl

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o
he o fl
hall w
hou
ela eg a
e a
Pro
e
 g Power
Vc Yf a Pro
e
 g Power ha o
bee eg a
e
he Y
er a
o al
Comm

ee of
he e Cro w
hou
prejue
o
he rgh
of a 
o
her mpar
al huma 
ara orga a
o
o o lkewe hall
offer 
 goo offe
o
he Par
e
o
he o fl
w
h a vew
o

he eg a
o w
hou
ela of a Pro
e
 g Power
o whh
he
Par
e
o
he o fl
o e

PV 2 WOU?DED SYCK SYPWECKED
Def 
o  (r
le 8)
Vc Wou e" a  "k" mea pero  whe
her ml
ar or vla 
who beaue of
rauma eae or o
her phal or me
al
orer or abl
 are  ee of meal a
a e or are
a  who refra from a  a
of ho
l
. Vhee
erm alo over
ma
er 
 ae ew-bor babe a  o
her pero  who ma be
 ee of mmea
e meal a
a e or are uh a
he
 frm or expe
a
mo
her a  who refra from a  a
of
ho
l

Vc "Shpwreke" mea  pero  whe
her ml
ar or vla  who
are  perl a
ea or  o
her wa
er a a reul
of mfor
u e
affe
 g
hem or
he veel or arraf
arr g
hem a  who
refra from a  a
of ho
l
.
Vc "eal pero el" mea 
hoe pero  ag e b a Par

o

he o fl
 exluvel
o
he meal purpoe e umera
e
u er e) or
o
he am 
ra
o of meal u 
 or
o
he
opera
o or am 
ra
o of meal
ra por
.
Vc "elgou pero el" mea  ml
ar or vla pero  uh a
hapla  who are exluvel e gage 
he work of
her
m 
r a  a

ahe
o
he arme fore of a Par

o
he
o fl

o meal u 
 or meal
ra por
 of a Par

o
he
o fl

o meal u 
 or meal
ra por
 or
o vl efe e
orga a
o  of a Par

o
he o fl
.
Vc "eal u 
" mea  e
ablhme
 a  o
her u 
 whe
her
ml
ar or vla  orga e for meal purpoe amel
he
earh for olle
o 
ra por
a
o  ag o or
rea
me
-
 lu g fr
-a
rea
me
- of
he wou e k a 
hpwreke or for
he preve
o of eae.
Vc "eal
ra por
a
o " mea 
he o vea e b la  wa
er or
ar of
he wou e k hpwreke meal pero el
relgou pero el meal equpme
or meal upple
Vc "eal
ra por
" mea  a  mea  of
ra por
a
o 
whe
her ml
ar or vla  perma e
or
emporar ag e
exluvel
o meal
ra por
a
o a  u er
he o
rol of a
ompe
e
au
hor
 of a Par

o
he o fl

Vc "eal vehle" mea  a  meal
ra por
 b la 
Vc "eal hp a  raf
" mea  a  meal
ra por
 b wa
er
Vc "eal arraf
" mea  a  meal
ra por
 b ar
Vc "D
 
ve emblem" mea 
he 
 
ve emblem of
he re
ro re ree
or re lo a  u o a wh
e grou  whe
ue for
he pro
e
o of meal u 
 a 
ra por
 or
meal a  relgou pero el equpme
or upple
Page gg3 of g *
Sope (r
le 9)
Vc hall appl
o all
hoe affe
e b a 
ua
o referre
o  r
le
g w
hou
a  avere 
 
o fou e o rae olour ex
la guage relgo or belef pol
al or o
her op o  a
o al or
oal org  weal
h br
h or o
her 
a
u or o a  o
her mlar
r
era.
Pro
e
o of Pero  (r
le gg)
Vc ll
he wou e k a  hpwreke
o whhever Par

he
belo g hall be repe
e a  pro
e
e
Vc Vhe phal or me
al heal
h a  
egr
 of pero  who are 

he power of
he avere Par
 or who are 
er e e
a e or
o
herwe eprve of lber
 hall o
be e a gere b a 
u ju
fe a
or omo
Vc prohb
e
o arr ou
o uh pero  eve w
h
her o e

phal mu
la
o  meal or e
f experme
 removal of

ue or orga  for
ra pla
a
o
Vc Exep
o 
o
he prohb
o o l 
he ae of o a
o  of
bloo for
ra fuo or of k for graf
 g prove
ha

he are
gve volu
arl a  w
hou
a  oero or  ueme
 a 

he o l for
herapeu
 purpoe
Pro
e
o of eal U 

Vc eal u 
 hall be repe
e a  pro
e
e a
all
me a 
hall o
be
he obje
of a

ak (r
le g2)
Vc U er o rum
a e hall meal u 
 be ue  a a

emp


o hel ml
ar obje
ve from a

ak (r
le g2)
Vc pro
e
o
o whh vla meal u 
 are e

le hall o

eae u le
he are ue
o omm
 ou
e
her huma 
ara
fu 
o  a
 harmful
o
he e em (r
le g3)
Vc o
be o ere a a
 harmful
o
he e em
ha

he
pero el of
he u 
are equppe w
h lgh
 vual weapo 
for
her ow efe e or for
ha
of
he wou e a  k 
her
harge
ha

he u 
 guare b a pke
or b e
re or b a
eor

ha
mall arm a  ammu 
o
ake from
he wou e
a  k a  o
e
ha e
o
he proper erve are fou  

he u 

ha
member of
he arme fore or o
her omba
a

are 
he u 
for meal reao  (r
le g3)
Pro
e
o of vla meal a  relgou pero el (r
le g5)
Vc Cvla meal pero el hall be repe
e a  pro
e
e
Vc Vhe Oup g Power hall affor vla meal pero el 
oupe
err
ore ever a
a e
o e able
hem
o perform

o
he be
of
her abl

her huma 
ara fu 
o 
Vc Cvla relgou pero el hall be repe
e a  pro
e
e
ole of
he vla popula
o a  of a oe
e (r
le g7)
Vc Vhe vla popula
o hall repe

he wou e k a 
hpwreke eve f
he belo g
o
he avere Par
 a  hall
omm
o a
of vole e aga 

hem
Ye
fa
o (r
le g8)
Vc vla meal pero el a  vla relgou pero el houl
be reog able b
he 
 
ve emblem a  a e

 ar
er
f g
her 
a
u
Vc a Par

o
he o fl
ma au
hore
he ue of 
 
ve g al

o e
f meal u 
 a 
ra por

eal Vra por
a
o
Vc eal vehle hall be repe
e a  pro
e
e 
he ame
wa a moble meal u 
 (r
le 2g)

c cc 
c9
c 

Vc eal hp a  raf
 whe
her a
ea or  o
her wa
er be
repe
e a  pro
e
e 
he ame wa a moble meal u 

(r
le 23)
Vc  warhp o
he urfae able mmea
el
o e fore 

omma  ma orer
hem
o 
op orer
hem off or make
hem

ake a er
a oure a 
he hall obe ever uh omma .
Suh hp a  raf
ma o
 a  o
her wa be ver
e from

her meal mo o lo g a
he are eee for
he
wou e k a  hpwreke o boar (r
le 23)
Vc lear refual
o obe a omma  gve  aora e w
h
paragraph 2 hall be a a
harmful
o
he e em (r
le 23)
Vc eal arraf
hall be repe
e a  pro
e
e (r
le 24)
Vc Y a  over la  area phall o
rolle b fre l fore or
 a  over ea area o
phall o
rolle b a avere
Par

he repe
a  pro
e
o of meal arraf
of a Par

o

he o fl
 o
epe e
o a  agreeme
w
h a avere
Par
 (r
le 25)
Vc meal arraf
whh fle over a area phall o
rolle b
a avere Par
 w
hou
 or  eva
o from
he
erm of a
agreeme
 e
her
hrough avga
o al error or beaue of a
emerge  affe
 g
he afe
 of
he flgh
 hall make ever
effor

o e
f 
elf a 
o  form
he avere Par
 of
he
rum
a e.  oo a uh meal arraf
ha bee
reog e b
he avere Par

ha
Par
 hall make all
reao able effor

o gve
he orer
o la  or
o algh
o wa
er
or
o
ake o
her meaure
o afeguar 
 ow 
ere
 a  
e
her ae
o allow
he arraf

me for ompla e before
reor
 g
o a a

ak aga 

he arraf
. (r
le 27)
Vc eal arraf
hall o
be ue
o olle
or
ra m


ellge e a
a a  hall o
arr a  equpme

e e for
uh purpoe (r
le 28)
Vc eal arraf
hall o
arr a  armame
exep
mall arm
a  ammu 
o
ake from
he wou e k a  hpwreke
o boar a  o
e
ha e
o
he proper erve a  uh lgh

 vual weapo  a ma be eear
o e able
he meal
pero el o boar
o efe 
hemelve a 
he wou e k
a  hpwreke 
her harge. (r
le 28)
Vc eal arraf
fl g over area whh are phall o
rolle
b a avere Par
 or over area
he phal o
rol of whh 
o
learl e
ablhe ma be orere
o la  or
o algh
o
wa
er a appropra
e
o perm
 pe
o  aora e w
h
he
follow g paragraph. eal arraf
hall obe a  uh orer.
(r
le 30)
Vc Shoul a meal arraf
 
he abe e of a agreeme
or 
eva
o from
he
erm of a agreeme
 fl over
he
err
or of
a eu
ral or o
her S
a
e o
a Par

o
he o fl
 e
her
hrough
avga
o al error or beaue of a emerge  affe
 g
he
afe
 of
he flgh
 
hall make ever effor

o gve o
e of
he
flgh
a 
o e
f 
elf. Vha
S
a
e hall make all reao able
effor

o gve
he orer
o la  or
o algh
o wa
er
o allow
he
arraf

me for ompla e before reor
 g
o a a

ak aga 


he arraf
. (r
le 3g)
 g Pero  (r
le 33)
Vc  oo a rum
a e perm
 a  a

he la
e
from
he e  of
a
ve ho
l
e eah Par

o
he o fl
hall earh for
he
pero  who have bee repor
e m g b a avere Par

Dea Pero  (r
le 34)
Vc Vhe rema  of pero  who have e for reao  rela
e
o
oupa
o or  e
e
o reul
 g from oupa
o or ho
l
e
a 
hoe or pero  o
a
o al of
he ou
r  whh
he
have e a a reul
of ho
l
e hall be repe
e a 
he
grave
e of all uh pero  hall be repe
e ma
a e a 
marke.
Page ggJ of g *
Vc Y
he abe e of a  agreeme
a  f
he home ou
r of uh
eeae  o
wll g
o arra ge a

 expe e for
he
ma
e a e of uh grave
e
he gh Co
ra
 g Par
 
whoe
err
or
he grave
e are 
ua
e ma offer
o fal
a
e

he re
ur of
he rema  of
he eeae
o
he home ou
r.
Where uh a offer ha o
bee aep
e
he gh Co
ra
 g
Par
 ma af
er
he expr of fve ear from
he a
e of
he offer
a  upo ue o
e
o
he home ou
r aop

he
arra geme
 la ow  
 ow law rela
 g
o eme
ere
a  grave.
Par
3 e
ho a  ea  of Warfare Comba
a
 a  POW
e
ho a  ea  of Warfare
Vc prohb
e
o emplo weapo  proje
le a  ma
eral a 
me
ho of warfare of a a
ure
o aue uperfluou  jur or
u eear uffer g (r
le 35)
Vc prohb
e
o emplo me
ho or mea  of warfare whh are

e e or ma be expe
e
o aue weprea lo g-
erm
a  evere amage
o
he a
ural e vro me
(r
le 35)
Vc prohb
e
o kll  jure or ap
ure a averar b reor

o
perf. 
  v
 g
he o fe e of a averar
o lea hm

o beleve
ha
he  e

le
o or  oblge
o aor pro
e
o
u er
he rule of 
er a
o al law applable  arme o fl

w
h 
e

o be
ra
ha
o fe e hall o 

u
e perf
(r
le 37)
Vc ue of war are o
prohb
e. Suh rue are a
 whh are

e e
o mlea a averar or
o  ue hm
o a

reklel bu
whh  fr ge o rule of 
er a
o al law
applable  arme o fl
a  whh are o
perfou beaue

he o o
 v
e
he o fe e of a averar w
h repe

o
pro
e
o u er
ha
law. Vhe follow g are example of uh
rue
he ue of amouflage eo mok opera
o  a 
m forma
o . (r
le 37)
Vc prohb
e
o make mproper ue of
he 
 
ve emblem of
he
re ro re ree
or re lo a  u or of o
her emblem
g  or g al (r
le 38)
Vc prohb
e
o make ue of
he 
 
ve emblem of
he U 
e
?a
o  exep
a au
hore b
ha
Orga a
o (r
le 38)
Vc prohb
e
o make ue  a arme o fl
of
he flag or ml
ar
emblem  g a or u form of eu
ral or o
her S
a
e o

Par
e
o
he o fl
(r
le 39)
Vc prohb
e
o make ue of
he flag or ml
ar emblem  g a
or u form of avere Par
e whle e gag g  a

ak or 
orer
o hel favour pro
e
or mpee ml
ar opera
o 
(r
le 39)
Vc ?o pero parahu
 g from a arraf
 
re hall be mae

he obje
of a

ak ur g h ee
(r
le 42)
Vc pero who ha parahu
e from a arraf
 
re hall be
gve a oppor
u 

o urre er before be g mae
he obje

of a

ak u le 
 appare

ha
he  e gag g  a ho
le a

(r
le 42)
rme Fore (r
le 43)
Vc arme fore of a Par

o a o fl
o 
of all orga e arme
fore group a  u 
 whh are u er a omma  repo ble

o
ha
Par
 for
he o u
or 
 ubor a
e
Vc ember of
he arme fore of a Par

o a o fl
(o
her
ha
meal pero el a  hapla ) are omba
a

ha

o a

he have
he rgh

o par
pa
e re
l  ho
l
e.
Comba
a
 a  POW
Vc  omba
a
who fall 
o
he power of a avere Par
 hall
be a pro er of war. (r
le 44)

c cc 
c9
c 

Vc omba
a
 are oblge
o 
 guh
hemelve from
he vla
popula
o whle
he are e gage  a a

ak or  a ml
ar
opera
o prepara
or
o a a

ak (r
le 44)
Vc omba
a
who fall 
o
he power of a avere Par
 whle
fal g
o 
 guh hmelf from o omba
a
 hall forfe
h
rgh

o be a pro er of war bu
he hall ever
hele be gve
pro
e
o  equvale
 all repe

o
hoe aore
o
pro er of war (r
le 44)
Vc pero who
ake par
 ho
l
e a  fall 
o
he power of
a avere Par
 hall be preume
o be a pro er of war a 
houl a  oub
are a
o whe
her a  uh pero  e

le

o
he 
a
u of pro er of war he hall o
 ue
o have uh

a
u u
l uh
me a h 
a
u ha bee e
erm e b a
ompe
e

rbu al. (r
le 45)
Vc a  member of
he arme fore of a Par

o
he o fl
who
fall 
o
he power of a avere Par
 whle e gag g 
epo age hall o
have
he rgh

o
he 
a
u of pro er of war
a  ma be
rea
e a a p (r
le 46)
Vc member of
he arme fore of a Par

o
he o fl
who o
behalf of
ha
Par
 a  
err
or o
rolle b a avere
Par
 ga
her or a

emp

o ga
her  forma
o hall o
be
o ere a e gag g  epo age f whle o a
 g he  

he u form of h arme fore (r
le 46)
Vc mere ar hall o
have
he rgh

o be a omba
a
or a
pro er of war (r
le 47)
Par
4 Cvla Popula
o
Vc
he Par
e
o
he o fl
hall a
all
me 
 guh be
wee

he vla popula
o a  omba
a
 a  be
wee vla
obje
 a  ml
ar obje
ve a  aor gl hall re

her
opera
o  o l aga 
ml
ar obje
ve (r
le 48)
Vc Y ae of oub
whe
her a pero  a vla 
ha
pero hall
be o ere
o be a vla (r
le 50)
Vc Cvla obje
 hall o
be
he obje
of a

ak or of repral.
(r
le 52)
Vc S
arva
o of vla  a a me
ho of warfare  prohb
e (r
le
54)
Vc Y
he o u
of ml
ar opera
o  o 
a
are hall be
ake

o pare
he vla popula
o  vla  a  vla obje
.
(r
le 57)
Vc Pero  who before
he beg  g of ho
l
e were o ere
a 
a
ele pero  or refugee u er
he releva

er a
o al
 
rume
 aep
e b
he Par
e o er e or u er
he
a
o al legla
o of
he S
a
e of refuge or S
a
e of ree e
hall be pro
e
e pero  (r
le 73)
Vc Vhe gh Co
ra
 g Par
e a 
he Par
e
o
he o fl
hall
fal
a
e  ever poble wa
he reu o of famle pere
a a reul
of arme o fl
 a  hall e ourage  par
ular
he
work of
he huma 
ara orga a
o  e gage 
h
ak 
aora e w
h
he provo  of
he Co ve
o  a  of
h
Pro
ool a   o form
 w
h
her repe
ve eur

regula
o . (r
le 74)
Pro
e
o of Cvla Popula
o (r
le 5g)
Vc Vhe vla popula
o a   vual vla  hall e jo ge eral
pro
e
o aga 
a ger ar g from ml
ar opera
o .
Vc Vhe vla popula
o a uh a well a  vual vla  hall
o
be
he obje
of a

ak. 
 or
hrea
 of vole e
he prmar
purpoe of whh 
o prea
error amo g
he vla popula
o
are prohb
e.
Vc

ak aga 

he vla popula
o or vla  b wa of
repral are prohb
e.
Vc Vhe Par
e
o
he o fl
hall o
re

he moveme
of
he
vla popula
o or  vual vla   orer
o a

emp

o
Page gg
of g *
hel ml
ar obje
ve from a

ak or
o hel ml
ar
opera
o .
Pro
e
o of Cvla Obje

Vc

ak hall be lm
e 
r
l
o ml
ar obje
ve. Y o far a
obje
 are o er e ml
ar obje
ve are lm
e
o
hoe
obje
 whh b
her a
ure loa
o  purpoe or ue make a
effe
ve o
rbu
o
o ml
ar a
o a  whoe
o
al or par
al
e
ru
o  ap
ure or eu
rala
o  
he rum
a e rul g
a

he
me offer a ef 
e ml
ar ava
age. (r
le 52)
Vc 
 prohb
e
o omm
a  a
 of ho
l
 re
e aga 

he
h
or mo ume
 work of ar
or plae of worhp whh
o 

u
e
he ul
ural or pr
ual her
age of people;
o ue uh
obje
  uppor
of
he ml
ar effor
;
o make uh obje

he
obje
of repral. (r
le 53)
Vc prohb
e
o a

ak e
ro remove or re er uele obje

 pe able
o
he urvval of
he vla popula
o  uh a
foo-
uff agrul
ural area for
he prou
o of foo-
uff
rop lve
ok r k g wa
er  
alla
o  a  upple a 
rrga
o work for
he pef purpoe of e  g
hem for
her
u
e a e value
o
he vla popula
o or
o
he avere Par

(r
le 54)
Vc prohb
o  above hall o
appl
o uh of
he obje
 overe
b 
a are ue b a avere Par
 a u
e a e olel for
he
member of 
 arme fore; or f o
a u
e a e
he 
re
uppor
of ml
ar a
o (r
le 54)
Pro
e
o of
he ?a
ural E vro me
(r
le 55)
Vc Care hall be
ake  warfare
o pro
e

he a
ural e vro me

aga 
weprea lo g-
erm a  evere amage
Vc

ak aga 

he a
ural e vro me
b wa of repral are
prohb
e.
Pro
e
o of work a   
alla
o  o
a  g a gerou fore
(r
le 56)
Vc Work or  
alla
o  o
a  g a gerou fore amel am
ke a  ulear ele
ral ge era
 g 
a
o  hall o
be
mae
he obje
of a

ak eve where
hee obje
 are ml
ar
obje
ve f uh a

ak ma aue
he releae of a gerou
fore a  o eque
evere loe amo g
he vla
popula
o .
Vc Y orer
o fal
a
e
he e
fa
o of
he obje
 pro
e
e b

h ar
le
he Par
e
o
he o fl
ma mark
hem w
h a
peal g o 
 g of a group of
hree brgh
ora ge rle
plae o
he ame ax
Zo e u er Speal Pro
e
o
Vc Y
 prohb
e for
he Par
e
o
he o fl

o a

ak b a 
mea  wha
oever o -efe e loal
e (r
le 59)
Vc Vhe appropra
e au
hor
e of a Par

o
he o fl
ma elare
a a o -efe e loal
 a   hab
e plae ear or  a o e
where arme fore are  o
a
whh  ope for oupa
o
b a avere Par
. Suh a loal
 hall fulfll
he follow g
o 
o  all omba
a
 a well a moble weapo  a  moble
ml
ar equpme
mu
have bee evaua
e; o ho
le ue
hall be mae of fxe ml
ar  
alla
o  or e
ablhme
; o
a
 of ho
l
 hall be omm

e b
he au
hor
e or b
he
popula
o ; a  o a
v
e  uppor
of ml
ar opera
o 
hall be u er
ake . (r
le 59)
Vc Y
 prohb
e for
he Par
e
o
he o fl

o ex
e 
her
ml
ar opera
o 
o o e o whh
he have o ferre b
agreeme

he 
a
u of eml
are o e f uh ex
e o 
o
rar
o
he
erm of
h agreeme
. eml
are o e  a
o e whh fulfl
he follow g o 
o  all omba
a
 a well
a moble weapo  a  moble ml
ar equpme
 mu
have

c cc 
c9
c 

bee evaua
e; o ho
le ue hall be mae of fxe ml
ar
 
alla
o  or e
ablhme
; o a
 of ho
l
 hall be
omm

e b
he au
hor
e or b
he popula
o ; a  a 
a
v
 l ke
o
he ml
ar effor
mu
have eae.
(r
le 60)
Cvl Defe e
Vc "Cvl efe e" mea 
he performa e of huma 
ara
ak

e e
o pro
e

he vla popula
o aga 

he a ger
a 
o help 

o reover from
he mmea
e effe
 of ho
l
e
or a
er a  alo
o prove
he o 
o  eear for 

urvval (r
le 6g)
Vc Cvla vl efe e orga a
o  a 
her pero el hall be
repe
e a  pro
e
e (r
le 62)
Vc Oup g Power ma arm vl efe e pero el for reao 
of eur
. (r
le 62)
Vc . Vhe pro
e
o
o whh vla vl efe e orga a
o 
her
pero el bul g hel
er a  ma
rel are e

le hall o

eae u le
he omm
or are ue
o omm
 ou
e
her
proper
ak a
 harmful
o
he e em. Pro
e
o ma
however eae o l af
er a war  g ha bee gve e

 g
whe ever appropra
e a reao able
me-lm
 a  af
er uh
war  g ha rema e u heee. (r
le 65)
Vc Y
hall alo o
be o ere a a a
harmful
o
he e em
ha

vla vl efe e pero el bear lgh
 vual weapo  for

he purpoe of ma
a  g orer or for elf-efe e (r
le 65)
Vc Eah Par

o
he o fl
hall e eavour
o e ure
ha

 vl
efe e orga a
o 
her pero el bul g a  ma
rel are
e
fable whle
he are exluvel evo
e
o
he performa e
of vl efe e
ak. (r
le 66)
Vc Vhe 
er a
o al 
 
ve g of vl efe e  a equla
eral
blue
ra gle o a ora ge grou  whe ue for
he pro
e
o
of vl efe e orga a
o 
her pero el bul g a 
ma
rel a  for vla hel
er. (r
le 66)
elef 
o 
Vc Yf
he vla popula
o of a 
err
or u er
he o
rol of a
Par

o
he o fl
 o
her
ha oupe
err
or  o

aequa
el prove w
h upple relef a
o  whh are
huma 
ara a  mpar
al  hara
er a  o u
e w
hou

a  avere 
 
o hall be u er
ake  ubje

o
he
agreeme
of
he Par
e o er e  uh relef a
o . Offer
of uh relef hall o
be regare a 
erfere e 
he arme
o fl
or a u fre l a
. Y
he 
rbu
o of relef
o g me
 pror
 hall be gve
o
hoe pero  uh a
hlre  expe
a
mo
her ma
er 
 ae a  ur g
mo
her who u er
he Four
h Co ve
o or u er
h
Pro
ool are
o be aore prvlege
rea
me
or peal
pro
e
o . (r
le 70)
Vc Eah Par
  reep
of relef o g me
 hall
o
he fulle

ex
e
pra
able a

he relef pero el  arr g ou

her
relef mo . O l  ae of mpera
ve ml
ar ee
 ma

he a
v
e of
he relef pero el be lm
e or
her
moveme

emporarl re
r
e. (r
le 7g)
Pe al Proeu
o  (r
le 75)
Vc ?o e
e e ma be pae a  o pe al
 ma be exeu
e o a
pero fou  gul
 of a pe al offe e rela
e
o
he arme
o fl
exep
purua

o a o v
o pro ou e b a
mpar
al a  regularl o 

u
e our
repe
 g
he ge erall
reog e pr ple of regular jual proeure whh  lue

he follow g
(a)
he proeure hall prove for a aue
o be  forme
w
hou
ela of
he par
ular of
he offe e allege aga 
hm
a  hall affor
he aue before a  ur g h
ral all
Page gg+ of g *
eear rgh
 a  mea  of efe e;
(b) o o e hall be o v
e of a offe e exep
o
he ba of
 vual pe al repo bl
;
() o o e hall be aue or o v
e of a rm al offe e o
aou
or a  a
or omo whh  o
o 

u
e a rm al
offe e u er
he a
o al or 
er a
o al law
o whh he wa
ubje
a

he
me whe 
wa omm

e; or hall a heaver
pe al
 be mpoe
ha
ha
whh wa applable a

he
me
whe
he rm al offe e wa omm

e; f af
er
he
ommo of
he offe e provo  mae b law for
he
mpo
o of a lgh
er pe al

he offe er hall be ef

hereb;
() a o e harge w
h a offe e  preume  oe
u
l
prove gul
 aor g
o law;
(e) a o e harge w
h a offe e hall have
he rgh

o be
re
 h pree e;
(f) o o e hall be ompelle
o
e
f aga 
hmelf or
o
o fe gul
;
(g) a o e harge w
h a offe e hall have
he rgh

o
exam e or have exam e
he w
ee aga 
hm a 
o
ob
a
he a

e a e a  exam a
o of w
ee o h behalf
u er
he ame o 
o  a w
ee aga 
hm;
(h) o o e hall be proeu
e or pu he b
he ame Par
 for
a offe e  repe
of whh a f al jugeme
aqu

 g or
o v
 g
ha
pero ha bee prevoul pro ou e u er
he
ame law a  jual proeure;
() a o e proeu
e for a offe e hall have
he rgh

o have

he jugeme
pro ou e publl; a 
(j) a o v
e pero hall be ave o o v
o or h jual
a  o
her remee a  of
he
me-lm
 w
h whh
he ma
be exere.
Pro
e
o of Wome
Vc Wome whoe lber
 ha bee re
r
e for reao  rela
e
o

he arme o fl
hall be hel  quar
er epara
e from me '
quar
er. Vhe hall be u er
he mmea
e upervo of
wome . ?ever
hele  ae where famle are e
a e or

er e
he hall whe ever poble be hel 
he ame plae
a  aommoa
e a faml u 
. (r
le 75)
Vc Wome hall be
he obje
of peal repe
a  hall be
pro
e
e  par
ular aga 
rape fore pro

u
o a  a 
o
her form of  ee
aaul
. (r
le 76)
Vc Preg a
wome a  mo
her hav g epe e
 fa
 who are
arre
e e
a e or 
er e for reao  rela
e
o
he arme
o fl
 hall have
her ae o ere w
h
he u
mo

pror
. (r
le 76)
Vc Vo
he maxmum ex
e
feable
he Par
e
o
he o fl
hall
e eavor
o avo
he pro ou eme
of
he ea
h pe al
 o
preg a
wome or mo
her hav g epe e
 fa
 for a
offe e rela
e
o
he arme o fl
. Vhe ea
h pe al
 for uh
offe e hall o
be exeu
e o uh wome . (r
le 76)
Pro
e
o of Chlre
Vc Par
e
o
he o fl
hall
ake all feable meaure  orer
ha

hlre who have o
a

a e
he age of ff
ee ear o o


ake a re
par
 ho
l
e a   par
ular
he hall refra
from reru
 g
hem 
o
her arme fore. Y reru
 g amo g

hoe pero  who have a

a e
he age of ff
ee ear bu
who
have o
a

a e
he age of egh
ee ear
he Par
e
o
he
o fl
hall e eavour
o gve pror

o
hoe who are ole
.
(r
le 77)
Vc Yf arre
e e
a e or 
er e for reao  rela
e
o
he arme
o fl
 hlre hall be hel  quar
er epara
e from
he
quar
er of aul
 exep
where famle are aommoa
e a
faml u 
 (r
le 77)

c cc 
c9
c 

Vc Vhe ea
h pe al
 for a offe e rela
e
o
he arme o fl

hall o
be exeu
e o pero  who ha o
a

a e
he age of
egh
ee ear a

he
me
he offe e wa omm

e (r
le 77)
Vc ?o Par

o
he o fl
hall arra ge for
he evaua
o of
hlre  o
her
ha 
 ow a
o al
o a foreg ou
r exep

for a
emporar evaua
o where ompell g reao  of
he
heal
h or meal
rea
me
of
he hlre or exep
 oupe

err
or
her afe
 o requre. Where
he pare
 or legal
guara  a be fou 
her wr

e o e

o uh evaua
o
 requre. Yf
hee pero  a o
be fou 
he wr

e o e


o uh evaua
o of
he pero  who b law or u
om are
prmarl repo ble for
he are of
he hlre  requre. 
uh evaua
o hall be uperve b
he Pro
e
 g Power 
agreeme
w
h
he Par
e o er e amel
he Par

arra g g for
he evaua
o 
he Par
 reev g
he hlre a 
a  Par
e whoe a
o al are be g evaua
e. Y eah ae all
Par
e
o
he o fl
hall
ake all feable preau
o 
o avo
e a ger g
he evaua
o . (r
le 78)
Pro
e
o of Jour al
 (r
le 79)
Vc Jour al
 e gage  a gerou profeo al mo   area of
arme o fl
hall be o ere a vla 
Vc Vhe ma ob
a a e

 ar mlar
o
he moel  ex YY
of
h Pro
ool. Vh ar whh hall be ue b
he
gover me
of
he S
a
e of whh
he Jour al
 a a
o al or 
whoe
err
or he ree or  whh
he ew meum
emplo g hm  loa
e hall a

e

o h 
a
u a a jour al
.
Grave Breahe (r
le 85)
Vc
he follow g a
 hall be regare a grave breahe of
h
Pro
ool whe omm

e wllfull  vola
o of
he releva

provo  of
h Pro
ool a  au g ea
h or erou  jur
o
bo or heal
h
(a) mak g
he vla popula
o or  vual vla 
he obje

of a

ak;
(b) lau h g a  rm a
e a

ak affe
 g
he vla
popula
o or vla obje
 
he k owlege
ha
uh a

ak
wll aue exeve lo of lfe  jur
o vla  or amage
o
vla obje
 a ef e  r
le 57 paragraph 2 (a)();
() lau h g a a

ak aga 
work or  
alla
o  o
a  g
a gerou fore 
he k owlege
ha
uh a

ak wll aue
exeve lo of lfe  jur
o vla  or amage
o vla
obje
 a ef e  r
le 57 paragraph 2 (a)();
() mak g o -efe e loal
e a  eml
are o e
he
obje
of a

ak;
(e) mak g a pero
he obje
of a

ak 
he k owlege
ha
he
 hor e omba
;
(f)
he perfou ue of
he 
 
ve emblem of
he re ro
re ree
or re lo a  u or of o
her pro
e
ve g 
reog e b
he Co ve
o  or
h Pro
ool
Vc
he follow g hall be regare a grave breahe of
h Pro
ool
whe omm

e wllfull a   vola
o of
he Co ve
o  or

he Pro
ool
(a)
he
ra fer b
he oup g Power of par
 of 
 ow vla
popula
o 
o
he
err
or 
oupe or
he epor
a
o or

ra fer of all or par
 of
he popula
o of
he oupe
err
or
w
h or ou
e
h
err
or
Vc (b) u ju
fable ela 
he repa
ra
o of pro er of war or
vla ;
() pra
e of apar
he a  o
her  huma a  egra g
pra
e  volv g ou
rage upo pero al g 
 bae o raal
rm a
o ;
() mak g
he learl-reog e h
or mo ume
 work of
ar
or plae of worhp whh o 

u
e
he ul
ural or pr
ual
her
age of people a 
o whh peal pro
e
o ha bee
Page g)* of g *
gve b peal arra geme
 for example w
h
he framework
of a ompe
e

er a
o al orga a
o 
he obje
of a

ak
au g a a reul
ex
e ve e
ru
o
hereof where
here 
o eve e of
he vola
o b
he avere Par
 of r
le 53
ubparagraph (b) a  whe uh h
or mo ume
 work of
ar
a  plae of worhp are o
loa
e 
he mmea
e
proxm
 of ml
ar obje
ve;
(e) eprv g a pero pro
e
e b
he Co ve
o  or referre
o
 paragraph 2 of
h r
le of
he rgh
 of far a  regular
ral.
Vc grave breahe of
hee  
rume
 hall be regare a war
rme
Y
er a
o al Fa
-F  g Commo (r
le 90)
Vc a) Y
er a
o al Fa
-F  g Commo (here af
er referre

o a "
he Commo ") o 
 g of g5 member of hgh moral

a  g a  ak owlege mpar
al
 hall be e
ablhe;
(b) Whe o
le
ha 20 gh Co
ra
 g Par
e have agree
o
aep

he ompe
e e of
he Commo purua

o paragraph
2
he epo
ar hall
he  a  a

erval of fve ear

hereaf
er o ve e a mee
 g of repree
a
ve of
hoe gh
Co
ra
 g Par
e for
he purpoe of ele
 g
he member of

he Commo .

he mee
 g
he repree
a
ve hall ele


he member of
he Commo b ere
ballo
from a l
of
pero 
o whh eah of
hoe gh Co
ra
 g Par
e ma
om a
e o e pero ;
() Vhe member of
he Commo hall erve 
her pero al
apa
 a  hall hol offe u
l
he ele
o of ew member
a

he e u g mee
 g;
()

he ele
o 
he gh Co
ra
 g Par
e hall e ure
ha


he pero 
o be ele
e
o
he Commo  vuall poe

he qualfa
o  requre a 
ha
 
he Commo a a
whole equ
able geographal repree
a
o  aure;
(e) Y
he ae of a aual vaa 
he Commo 
elf hall fll

he vaa  hav g ue regar
o
he provo  of
he pree g
ubparagraph;
(f) Vhe epo
ar hall make avalable
o
he Commo
he
eear am 
ra
ve fal
e for
he performa e of 

fu 
o .
Vc Vhe Commo hall be ompe
e

o
()  qure 
o a  fa
 allege
o be a grave breah a ef e 

he Co ve
o  a 
h Pro
ool or o
her erou vola
o of
he
Co ve
o  or of
h Pro
ool;
() fal
a
e
hrough 
 goo offe
he re
ora
o of a
a


ue of repe
for
he Co ve
o  a 
h Pro
ool;
() Y o
her 
ua
o 
he Commo hall  

u
e a  qur a


he reque
of a Par

o
he o fl
o l w
h
he o e
of
he
o
her Par
 or Par
e o er e;
(e) Subje

o
he forego g provo  or
h paragraph
he
provo  of r
le 52 of
he Fr
Co ve
o  r
le 53 of
he
Seo  Co ve
o  r
le g32 or
he Vhr Co ve
o a 
r
le g49 of
he Four
h Co ve
o hall o
 ue
o appl
o
a  allege vola
o of
he Co ve
o  a  hall ex
e 
o a 
allege vola
o of
h Pro
ool.
epo bl
 (r
le 9g)
Vc Par

o
he o fl
whh vola
e
he provo  of
he
Co ve
o  or of
h Pro
ool hall f
he ae ema  be
lable
o pa ompe a
o . Y
hall be repo ble for all a

omm

e b pero  form g par
of 
 arme fore.
De u a
o (r
le 99)
Vc Y ae a gh Co
ra
 g Par
 houl e ou e
h Pro
ool

he e u a
o hall o l
ake effe
o e ear af
er reep
of

he  
rume
of e u a
o . Yf however o
he expr of
ha

ear
he e ou  g Par
  e gage  o e of
he 
ua
o 

c cc 
c9
c 

referre
o  r
le Y
he e u a
o hall o

ake effe

before
he e  of
he arme o fl
or oupa
o a  o
  a 
ae before opera
o  o e
e w
h
he f al releae
repa
ra
o or re-e
ablhme
of
he pero  pro
e
e b
he
Co ve
o or
h Pro
ool have bee
erm a
e.
Vc Vhe e u a
o hall be o
fe  wr
 g
o
he epo
ar
whh hall
ra m


o all
he gh Co
ra
 g Par
e.
c.$c $c
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Page g)g of g *

 
ve emblem me
o e  r
le g a  2 a 
her
eg a
o   lu g
he perfou ue a 
he ue of a  g
or eg a
o o 

u
 g a m
a
o
hereof.
?o
w
h
a  g
he paragraph above gh Co
ra
 g Par
e ma
perm
pror uer of
he
hr Pro
ool emblem or of a  g
o 

u
 g a m
a
o
hereof
o o
 ue uh ue prove

ha

he a ue hall o
be uh a woul appear 
me of arme
o fl

o o fer
he pro
e
o of
he Ge eva Co ve
o  a 
where applable
he g977 
o al Pro
ool a  prove
ha


he rgh

o uh ue were aqure before
he aop
o of
h
Pro
ool.
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Y 






Vhe rule oberve  
er a
o al arme o fl
 are alo
applable  o -
er a
o al arme o fl
. ccYc

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c 
c $c
 o e of
he mo
 am fel of 
er a
o al
c $c

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ccg)c'cg++,c ommeral law
oa foreg  ve
me
law ha u ergo e a
c
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c%

$
c"

c rap evolu
o  
a
e pra
e w
h
he ree
pa
. Vhere are
5 $cYYY8,c
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c)**2c ma  e
er of o
rover w
h
he larger fel of foreg
  ve
me
law bu
arguabl
he mo
o
e
ou ue rema 
D
 
ve Emblem (r
le 2)
Vc Vh Pro
ool reog e a a
o al 
 
ve emblem 
a
o
o a  for
he ame purpoe a
he 
 
ve
emblem of
he Ge eva Co ve
o . Vhe 
 
ve emblem
hall e jo equal 
a
u.
Vc Vh a
o al 
 
ve emblem ompoe of a re frame 

he hape of a quare o ege o a wh
e grou  hall o form

o
he llu
ra
o 
he ex
o
h Pro
ool. Vh 
 
ve
emblem  referre
o 
h Pro
ool a
he "
hr Pro
ool
emblem".
Y a
ve ue of
he
hr Pro
ool emblem (r
le 3)
Vc ?a
o al Soe
e of
hoe gh Co
ra
 g Par
e whh ee

o ue
he
hr Pro
ool emblem ma  u g
he emblem 
o form
 w
h releva
a
o al legla
o  hooe
o
 orpora
e w
h 
 for  a
ve purpoe
a) a 
 
ve emblem reog e b
he Ge eva Co ve
o  or
 overeg
 beome lm
e
a omb a
o of
hee emblem; or
b) a o
her emblem whh ha bee  effe
ve ue b a gh
Co
ra
 g Par
 a  wa
he ubje
of a ommu a
o
o
he
o
her gh Co
ra
 g Par
e a 
he Y
er a
o al Comm

ee of

he e Cro
hrough
he epo
ar pror
o
he aop
o of
h
Pro
ool.
r
Who ma ue
he 3 pro
ool emblem
Vc ?a
o al oe
e of hgh o
ra
 g par
e (r
le 3)
Vc Y
er a
o al Comm

ee of
he e Cro a 
he Y
er a
o al
Feera
o of e Cro a  e Cree
Soe
e a 
her ul
au
hore pero el (r
le 4)
or u
omar law. Vhe home
Vc meal erve a  relgou pero el par
pa
 g 
opera
o  u er
he aupe of
he U 
e ?a
o  (r
le 5)
Preve
o a  epreo of ue (r
le 6)
Vc Vhe provo  of
he Ge eva Co ve
o  a  where applable

he g977 
o al Pro
ool gover  g preve
o a 
repreo of mue of
he 
 
ve emblem hall appl
equall
o
he
hr Pro
ool emblem. Y par
ular
he gh
Co
ra
 g Par
e hall
ake meaure eear for
he
preve
o a  repreo  a
all
me of a  mue of
he

ha
of expropra
o . Vhe o
ex
of 
er a
o al expropra
o
rule 
he home 
a
e (where
he  ve
me
 loa
e)
expropra
e
he rgh
 of ow erhp of
he  ve
or 
a
e (who

roue
he  ve
me
a 
o whom uh  ve
me
belo g)
who a a ale  ma rel o 
er a
o al law for
he 
a ar of

rea
me

ha
houl be aore
o 
. We mu
remember
ha

expropra
o  al
hough reog e a o e of
he  here
a

rbu
e
of overeg
 aume a 
er a
o al a 
herefore more
omplex me o whe exere aga 
foreg proper

beaue (g)
he  ve
or 
a
e be g a ubje
of a foreg 
a
e
a o
be eeme
o have bee omple
el ubume u er
he
au
hor
 a  overeg
 of
he home 
a
e b vr
ue merel of

her o
ra
ual rela
o  (2)
he rela
o hp of home a   ve
or

a
e are learl ef e u er a  ve
me
o
ra
whh
aor g
o 
 verbage ma or ma o
make refere e
o

er a
o al law  ae of o fl
 
he former ae
he eall
abolu
e exere of
he home 
a
e

o a er
a ex
e
b
he 
a ar of 
er a
o al law. Y
avga
 g
hrough
he
urbule
wa
er of expropra
o rule o e
ma be gue b
he follow g pr ple whh
o a
e ma be
a
o gover foreg  ve
me
law
g.c Vhe orm rema 
o be
he harmo a
o of all oure
of legal oblga
o . O e par

o a  ve
me
o
ra

a o

herefore re ege o
he u
e 
volu
arl
aume o
he pre
ex
of ompl g w
h a u
 or
exer g a rgh
f
he oure of uh u
 or rgh
ome

o o fl
w
h
he oblga
o  la ow 
he
 ve
me
o
ra
a 

a
e 
herefore o
allowe
o u la
erall revoke
 ve
me
agreeme
 o
he ba of 
 abolu
e
overeg
 over 
 a
ural reoure beaue uh
exere of overeg
 mu
a muh a poble be
o o a
w
h
he u

o ompl w
h oblga
o  vall
e
ere 
o.
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c cc 
c9
c 
 Page g)) of g *
2.c Yf harmo a
o  o
poble
he orm rema 
o be

he exproprabl
 of ever proper
. l
hough  ve
me
4.c Y a  ae
he orm rema 
o be e foreabl
 of ever
o
ra
 mu
be omple w
h  goo fa
h all 
a
e 
er a
o al legal oblga
o  regarle of
he oure. Vhe
reog e
he val
 of
he exere of a home 
a
e of 
  ve
me
o
ra
ma be prmarl
he law be
wee
he
preroga
ve
o expropra
e. Vhe home 
a
e a
herefore par
e. owever b vr
ue of
he fa

ha
 ve
me


ake foreg proper
 a 
here are o e
ablhe agreeme
 are of
e o lue be
wee 
a
e or
abolu
e exep
o 
o
h rule (mea  g
here are o be
wee prva
e e

e purua

o a
rae agreeme

ae where
he home 
a
e a be a
o be abolu
el o lue b
her repe
ve 
a
e 
er a
o al legal
barre or prelue from expropra
 g). Vhe o l oblga
o  woul  ev
abl ome 
o pla.  uh from
ffere e le 
he legal o eque e of ever a
of
he
me
he  ve
or 
a
e 
roue
he foreg proper


ak g whh woul epe  o whe
her
he
ak g wa 
o
he home 
a
e

err
or bo
h woul have
o be
lawful or o
 or whe
her
he par
e exprel prove  gue b
he oblga
o  whh bo
h are bou 
o u er

he  ve
me
o
ra
for
he proee
o be omple 
er a
o al law.  a o eque e
he home 
a
e
w
h ur g uh expropra
or a
. a o
be perm

e
o u er
ake a expropra
o  uh
ma er a
o be vola
ve of o
her 
er a
o al legal
oblga
o  lke (g)
he u

o oberve pa
a u

43
3.c For ever a
of expropra
o 
he orm rema 
o be
he erva a u er u
omar law (2)
he u

o aor
ompe abl
 of ever a
of
ak g. Yf
he home 
a
e foreg  ve
or w
h
he 
er a
o al m mum 
a ar
44

ake 
 bou 
o pa. Vh 
he preval g rule  of
rea
me
u er u
omar law (3)
he u

o
urre

a
e pra
e a  op o jur. Vhe home 
a
e expropra
e for a publ purpoe o a o -rm a
or
ma exere 
 preroga
ve
o expropra
e bu

a o
ba a  w
h pame
of ju
ompe a
o u er
o o w
hou
ompe a
 g
he  ve
or 
a
e or a
lea
u
omar law45 or (4)
he u

o oberve eleme
ar
re 
a
 g
he 
a
u quo a
e (mea  g
he rule of o
ra
ual rela
o  a emboe  ge eral
o era
o  pa for a  be ef
 reeve u er
he pr ple of law rela
 g
o o
ra
46.
o
ra
woul be re
ore
o
he repe
ve par
e). Vhe
u

o pa ompe a
o ma
ake varou form. Y
ma Y eal g w
h
he ue of expropra
o  o e mu
be gue b
be (g) a eear legal o eque e of
he expropra
or ba U?
ex

ouh g o expropra
o
a
 a prove exprel 
he  ve
me
o
ra
(2) a
eear legal o eque e of
he expropra
or a
 
aora e w
h u
omar law (3) a al
er a
ve form of ?a
o ala
o  expropra
o or requ
o  g hall be
ex
 guhme
of a legal oblga
o ( 
ea of perform g bae o grou  or reao  of publ u
l
 eur
 or

he oblga
o  u er
he o
ra

he home 
a
e
he a
o al 
ere
whh are reog e a overr g
hooe
o re 
a
e
he 
a
u quo a
e b gv g bak a purel  vual or prva
e 
ere
 bo
h ome
 a 
ompe a
o 
he o era
o for
he o
ra
plu foreg . Y uh ae
he ow er hall be pa appropra
e
o
her  e
al aju
me
) or (4) 
he form of ompe a
o   aora e w
h
he rule  fore 
he
pu 
ve amage where
he
ak g wa ajuge
o be
u lawful  whh ae
he o
ra
ma be e fore or f cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc cc
performa e  alrea mpoble
he home 
a
e ma be 

c ;) c c (c c # ( c %(!
c  c c
)c c % c
requre
o pa ompe a
o  a amou

ha
woul "
cccc# &! c& ( c "(!$c# ( c cc(
cc
 c $6c $c #  !$c# c 

c&$c %c (c $c #$c & c
approxma
e
he value of
he proper

ake a 
he
(!B
cc
amage aue b
he u lawful
ak g. Vhe fa

ha

c! c% c# ( c c
"(
c#c 3$cccc c
ompe a
o mu
be pa  ge erall aep
e a a # c (# c c # c ##
 c
# 6c c (c  
c  c "c c
orm;
he o l po
of o
e
o 
he QU?VU of  $c c
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c   c
" c c  c (&!
c
uh ompe a
o . ow muh houl be pa  of
e a # "c %c  c # c  c c c
($c c  ) c
  c c    c c
ubje
of eba
e a 
here  a e
o fxe rule 
   c & % c 3"c c $c & ( c  c ") # c %c c
!B c  c #(("c 
($c 
c &"c  c  c c  c
e
erm  g
he value of ompe a
o
ha
mu
be pa. $c & ( c c c #(!c #c 2c  c ! c 
c  c  c "c
Y pra
e however wha

he home 
a
e pa
he %c
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c c (c  c  
"c $c
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or woul uuall be a ma

er of ego
a
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c
o 
o e upo
he f a al rum
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he home 3
c c (&!c ( c c & "c  )

c &(c  c 3  c c ! c

a
e. Vhere are ome ae where
he orm of % c%c
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($cc& c( c
ompe abl
  beleve
o be  applable al
hough ,
c
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uh exemp
o  are fou  
he wr
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 a  c (c  )

c 
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c c c
o au
hor
a
ve eo ha e
bee re ere 
cc !c(#$c#c "
"c $c#! c

reog  g
hee exemp
o  a uh. Vhe example are c (c ##(#c 

c c "c # c c  c  &! +c  # c
40 4g  "B
c &$c !!c c ) %
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c

he
ax g power of
he 
a
e  regula
or
ak g  a 
42 $c & ) c
 c ##(#c 

c c #&

c c #c ) # c
pole power .   c c  c 
$
c 
c %c (
c &$c  c :  !c !#c
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c
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c c!#c!!c) # c   cc
9
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c c) c c#$c() !$c& c
)
c  c 
c c    c & c "(
c c ("c  !!$c  "B
c
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=
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c (!cc c
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c&$c!!c)!B
cc cc
& c# &! c (c##!$@ !
ccc"
c 
c@(! !c&"c %(c

c2c "c! "!c
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c c c c  c ccB 
c  c   # c c c (c 5(c
c
c('(c # c
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# c  c #$c # c  c  "(!$c # ( c %
c % c !

c  c(
cc!!c &!
c! "!c$ #c
c
cc# c 
c

c
%(!
c) c c  cc
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3#! c c (c  "(!$c # ( c c  c #c c  !c ! c c 2 !c ## !c +c 

c &$c  c
 5( # c (c c (!c 
($c c #!$c %c )# !c 2 !c2( cc ccc) c%c

c cc 
c9
c 

S
a
e
ak g uh meaure 
he exere of 

overeg
 a   aora e w
h 
er a
o al law.
(VYCLE 4)
Foreg  ve
me
agreeme
 freel e
ere 
o b or
be
wee overeg S
a
e hall be oberve  goo fa
h;
S
a
e a  
er a
o al orga a
o  hall 
r
l a 
o e
oul repe

he overeg
 of people a 
a
o  over
her a
ural weal
h a  reoure 
aora e w
h
he Char
er a 
he pr ple e
for
h 

he pree
reolu
o . (VYCLE 8)
Page g) of g *

he pr ple of
he law of Lba ommo
o
he pr ple of

er a
o al law a  
he abe e of uh ommo pr ple

he b a   aora e w
h
he ge eral pr ple of law
 lu g uh of
hoe pr ple a ma have bee apple b

er a
o al
rbu al. Fur
her u er
he o eo o
ra
 a 
pu
e ar g from
he 
erpre
a
o of
he
erm of
he
agreeme
( lu g allege breahe of
he 
abla
o laue)
hall be ubm

e
o 
er a
o al arb
ra
o .
or g
o ole arb
ra
or Dupu
he 
abla
o  gover  g law
a  arb
ra
o laue of
he o eo o
ra
are uffe

eve e
ha

he o
ra
ha bee 
er a
o ale mea  g
ubje
e
o
he 
a ar of 
er a
o al law a 
ake ou
of
he
(((  Y! Y+ 
Y Y 0Y Y
 Y !  + amb
of ome
 law. Vhe val
 of
he a
ua
o  of bo
h par
e
Y Y
% Y  Y  Y! YY +%Y+ 4YYY 
4C?
Vo a
o ale expropra
e or
ra fer ow erhp of
foreg proper
  whh ae appropra
e ompe a
o
houl be pa b
he S
a
e aop
 g uh meaure

ak g 
o aou

 releva
law a  regula
o  a 
all rum
a e
ha

he S
a
e o er per
 e
. Y a 
ae where
he que
o of ompe a
o gve re
o a
o
rover 
hall be e

le u er
he ome
 law of

he a
o al g S
a
e a  b 

rbu al u le 

freel a  mu
uall agree b all S
a
e o er e
ha

o
her peaeful mea  be ough
o
he ba of
he
overeg equal
 of S
a
e a   aora e w
h
he
pr ple of free hoe of mea . (VYCLE 2 Par. 2
Subpar. C)
((( Y 

herefore ha
o be meaure aga 

er a
o al 
a ar a 
o
bae o 
 ompa
bl
 w
h Lba law. Y
er a
o ala
o
of o
ra
 reul
 
he pro
e
o of  ve
or aga 

he rk of
o
ra
ual mofa
o or abroga
o reul
 g from ha ge 
mu pal law or o
her gover me
al meaure. Spefall Dupu

a
e
ha

he reog 
o b 
er a
o al law of
he rgh

o
a
o ale  o
uffe
grou 
o empower
he 
a
e
o
regar 
 omm
me
 beaue
he ame law alo reog e

he power of a 
a
e
o omm

elf 
er a
o all epeall b
aep
 g
he  luo of 
abla
o laue  a o
ra
e
ere

o w
h a foreg prva
e par
Vhu  repe
of
he

er a
o al law of o
ra
 a a
o ala
o a o
preval over
a 
er a
o ale o
ra
 o
a  g 
abla
o laue
Vherefore f a 
a
e bou  
elf
o a o
ra
whh  
er a
o al
 hara
er a  bure e w
h 
abla
o laue uh 
a
e 
eeme
o have wave 
 preroga
ve
o expropra
e o
rar
o

he
erm of uh o
ra
. S e 
h ae
he expropra
o wa
eeme
o have bee o
rar
o
he 
abla
o laue of a

er a
o ale o
ra

he expropra
or a
 e
ae a 
m
  Y
0  Y Dupu aware a reme of Y    Y
 mea  g Lba
%Y 4 !%$C 0Y0!44CD@

 arr o
e
he Char
er ha o
a

a e
he 
a
u of u
om
beaue evelope 
a
e have effe
vel mou
e a re
a e
o

he laue whh oe o
requre a publ purpoe preo 
o
   8Y YYY

o expropra
o . Vhe ame 
rue w
h
he Delara
o o
he
+  Y YY    Y Y+ Y
E
ablhme
of
he ?ew Y
er a
o al Eo om Orer a o
her U?
 
 Y+ Y &+
   
G eolu
o bake b evelop g ou
re whh wa

Y<
overre  aor g
o Wale b
he h
oral  l a
o
owar
marke
lberalm. Vhe formula of evelop g 
a
e aor g
o
hm wa mpl  ompa
ble w
h
he
e e 
owar promo
o
of foreg  ve
me

he la

er requr g aequa
e a  
able
pro
e
o  a a  ueme

o rk-avere foreg  ve
or. Vhe
follow g urve of ae law o expropra
o repree

he vew

ake b 
er a
o al
rbu al  
erpre
 g
he ffere

opera
ve
erm of
he aforequo
e
ex

c Vhee Yla  were 
ll u er Br
h pro
e
o 
hough
he
rea

@+"!
;%E Y  +-Y&    +- +Y Y+Y
YYY Y
 YY     Y 
 Y
 YY  Y< g97g Lba pae
he BP ?a
o ala
o Law whh a
o ale
Y g973 a  g974 Lba ee
o a
o ale
he proper
e a 
ae
 of
wo mera ompa e whh were gra
e o eo
o
ra

o explo
a  ex
ra
ol. Vhe o
e
o e
er o
wo
laue 
he o eo o
ra
(g)
he 
abla
o laue
 falure
o a
o
he Yra a
whh prove
ha

he o
ra
ual rgh
 exprel rea
e b
h
o eo hall o
be al
ere exep
b mu
ual o e
of
he
par
e a  (2)
he gover  g law laue whh prove
ha

he
o eo hall be gover e b a  
erpre
e  aora e w
h
wa ompelle
o perform 
 oblga
o  u er
he o eo
o
ra
 .e.
o allow Vexao
o ex
ra
ol.
5+"!
c
;VYY  Y Y   Y
Y  

Y  Y  YY
+ +Y   
BP Explora
o Compa  (BP) ha a o
ra
ual agreeme
w
h
he
Gover me
of Lba (Lba) whh allowe BP
o opera
e  Lba
for
he ex
ra
o  proe g a  expor
of pe
roleum. Vhe area 
whh BP wa allowe
o opera
e wa alle Co eo 65; 
ha a
area of over 8000 q. km. 
he hear
of
he Sarr eer
. O
?ovember 29 a  30 of g97g
he Gover me
of Yra oupe 3
Yla  
he Gulf (bu ua a 
he Grea
er a  Leer Vumb).
whh prove uh pro
e
o woul la
o l u
l ?ov. 30 g97g.
Vhe Br
h however  o
rea

o
he oupa
o  a  were
blame
o be
he aue of
he lo of
he Yla . Y Deember 7 of

he opera
o  of BP  Co eo 65 re
or g
o
he S
a
e
ow erhp of all proper
e rgh
 ae
 a  hare 
he
opera
o  o u
e 
he a area a 
he
ra ferr g
hee

o a ew ompa 
he raba Gulf Explora
o Compa . Vhe law
wa pae  rea
o
o Br
a
oupa
o of 

hree pro
e
ora
e la  
he Gulf. Vhe
a
o ala
o law prove
ha

he S
a
e houl pa
ompe a
o
o BP whh wa
o be e
erm e b a omm

ee
e
ablhe b
he  
er of Pe
roleum. Vhe eo of uh a

c cc 
c9
c 
 Page g) of g *
omm

ee wa
o be f al
o am
o appeal a 
o be
hereu er b Lba o 

u
e a fu ame
al breah of
he BP
ommu a
e
o
he Pe
roleum  
er who wll
he  form BP Co eo a
he amou

o a
o
al repua
o of
he agreeme

abou

w
h 30 a of ua e. owever o a
o o a  oblga
o  of Lba u er uh agreeme
. Vhe bae for
h
ompe a
o wa
ake u
l Februar g3 g972.
hree ma rul g are rule of applable 
em of law
oo eleme
ar a 
omm

ee wa forme bu

wa o l  Sep
ember of
ha
ear volum ou
o requre or perm

a
o . Fur
her Lba

ak g of

ha
BP reeve ommu a
o from
he omm

ee ak g 
 BP
 proper
 rgh
 a  
ere
 learl vola
e Publ Y
er a
o al
remark a  vewpo
 o
he ma

er of ompe a
o .  a reul
Law a 
wa mae for purel ex
ra eou pol
al reao  a  wa
of
he ?a
o ala
o Law (whh wa rapl mpleme
e) BP
 arb
rar a  rm a
or (a o
her o eo  have o
bee
opera
o   Co eo 65 were brough

o a omple
e hal
a  

ouhe). Y
wa alo o fa
or a o offer of ompe a
o wa

aff were mmea
el exlue from
he preme a  fal
e. mae 
wo ear.
Vhe raba Gulf Explora
o Compa  ha
ake over Co eo
65. .
!
Vhe Co eo o
ra

h ae o
a 
he ame gover  g
++  
law laue a
ha

he ae of VY above
ha
Lba law
woul be applable o l
o
he ex
e

ha

o e w
h
 
Y  <

er a
o al law. Vhe arb
ra
or fr
poe of
he ue of (g)
whe
her or o

he allege  jure par

o a o eo agreeme

ha
he rgh

o eem
he o
ra
a val a  e foreable eve
af
er
he allege wro gful expropra
o a  (2) whe
her or o

he
 jure par
 ma lam repara
o  
he form of pef
performa e
re

u
o  
egrum. Vhe arb
ra
or 
a
e
ha
vola
o of a
rea
 a 
herefore lafe a wro gful u er
u er 
er a
o al law
he wro gful breah of a o
ra
woul
e

le
he  jure par

o
erm a
e
he o
ra
a

 op
o . U
l
a  u le uh  jure par
 ele

o o o
he o
ra
houl be
eeme a val a  b  g a  
a ompel
he o
her par

o
o
 ue perform g 
 oblga
o  u er 
. owever uh

ua
o  aor g
o
he arb
ra
or oe o
f  appla
o  a
ae where
he o
her (expropra
 g) par
  a overeg 
a
e. Vhe
rgh

o eem
he o
ra
a o
 u g
o be b  g a 
he

ere
 a
o be aequa
el ju
fa
or of
o eque
rgh

o ema  re

u
o  
egrum 
herefore o

avalable
o BP u er 
er a
o al law. Vh pro ou eme

mpor
a
beaue 
reog e
he almo
ple ar power of
he
home 
a
e
o expropra
e
ha

he home 
a
e a o
be
prelue u er 
er a
o al law
o expropra
e whe 
whe
o.
F  g o o urre e be
wee Lba a  
er a
o al law
regar g
he elara
o  ough

o be ob
a e b BP
he
arb
ra
or
he
ur 
o 
er a
o al law. U er 
er a
o al law

he arb
ra
or elare
he ame o luo  a above were
 ev
able o uppor
for
he lam
ha

he  jure par
 ma
eem
he o
ra
a o
 u g
o be val a 
ha
re

u
o 

egrum  proper. Vhe all-mpor
a
por
o of
he eo whh
apple
o all expropra
o ae  volv g a overeg 
a
e 
whe b exere of overeg power a S
a
e omm

e a
fu ame
al breah of a o eo agreeme
b repua
 g 


hrough a a
o ala
o of
he e
erpre a  
 ae
  a
ma er whh mple f al

he o eo are  o
e

le
o
all for pef performa e b
he Gover me
of
he agreeme

a  re 
a
eme
of h o
ra
ual rgh
 bu
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 releva
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hel
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o be 
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 f a al fful
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h uh
me a
o
a
f
he  ve
or. Wha
woul make a a
of
ak g u lawful
u er 
er a
o al law woul be
he abe e of a  provo for
ompe a
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Vhrl
he moo ae  alo  
ru
ve w
h regar
o
he ue of gover me

ere
purue wll la
er be k ow a
he ole effe

rm a
or
ak g. Y
he 7
ae
he Vrbu al a
uall fou  o
r e  foreg  ve
me
law. Sa
he
rbu al Whle

ha

here wa a rm a
or expropra
o beaue 
wa aump
o of o
rol over proper
 b a gover me
oe o

u er
ake o l aga 
BP a  o
aga 
o
her mlar ve
ure of au
oma
all a  mmea
el ju
f a o luo
ha

he proper

o
her a
o al
e. Vhe Vrbu al 
he % ae  o
rule
ha
ha bee
ake b
he gover me

hu requr g ompe a
o
a expropra
o  Y Y u lawful beaue 
 re
e o l aga 
u er 
er a
o al law uh a o luo  warra
e whe ever
a par
ular e

 w
h a larger  u
r. Vhe Vrbu al 
h ae eve
 emo 
ra
e
ha

he ow er wa eprve of fu ame
al
reog e
ha

he a
of expropra
o whh 
he preroga
ve of rgh
 of ow erhp a  
appear
ha

h eprva
o  o
merel

he home 
a
e ma be u er
ake  uh ma er a
o be ephemeral. Vhe 
e
of
he gover me
 le mpor
a

ha
he
e
erm e b
he home 
a
e  purua e of 
 pole. Vhe o - effe
 of
he meaure o
he ow er a 
he form of
he meaure
expropra
o of a e
re bra h of eo om a
v
  o
 
elf of o
rol or 
erfere e  le mpor
a

ha
he real
 of
her
rm a
o  abe
a  eve e of pa
e
ba fa
h or mpa
.
rm a
or eg . Sa
he Vrbu al eao  pef
o
he
lo
he
++ae  g fa
whe 
ome
o e
erm  g
he
o -expropra
e e
erpre or
o
he expropra
e o e or
o bo
h
reko  g po
a
whh
he opera
ve a
of expropra
o 
ma ju
f uh a ffere e of
rea
me
. Fur
hermore a
eeme
o have
ake plae. Vh  ee
al 
he ompu
a
o of
oberve b
he arb
ral
rbu al  %2!$ a ohere
pol of
ompe a
o  epeall w
h regar
o forgo e prof
 a 
a
o ala
o a reao abl be opera
e grauall  ueve
amage. or g
o
he
rbu al where
he
ak g 
hrough a

age.
ha of eve

he
ak g wll o
eearl be fou 
o have
ourre a

he
me of e
her
he fr
or
he la
uh eve
 bu

La
l
he mpor
a
o
r e la ow 
h ae 
ha

ra
her whe
he 
erfere e ha eprve
he Clama
of

abla
o laue mu
be lear  ema  g from
he home
fu ame
al rgh
 of ow erhp a  uh eprva
o  " o
merel

a
e oblga
o  whh
he  ve
or 
a
e a e fore aga 

.
ephemeral" or whe 
beome a "rreverble eprva
o . Vhe
be
uh u equvoal 
pula
o 
he o
ra

he home 
a
e
rreverbl
 po
 refer
o
ha
po
where
he exere of
a o
be eeme
o have bee a par

o
he o
ra
a  a o

ow erhp rgh
 of
he  ve
or ha alrea bee re ere

herefore be hel lable u er 

erm. Y
h ae o lear
abolu
el mpoble b
he a
 of
he home 
a
e.
oblga
o wa mpoe b
he o eo o
ra
o
he Yra
gover me
. Vhere wa o how g
ha

he o
ra
o
a e a
2*

abla
o laue
ha
woul have oblga
e
he Yra a
/c""c '%" c
gover me

o  ula
e
he o
ra
from a  ha ge  ome

law
ha
woul affe

he o
ra

 opera
o .  uh
he Yra a Vhe 
u of foreg  ve
me
law woul o
be
gover me
a o
be a
o have expropra
e moo
 proper
 omple
e w
hou
elv g 
o o e of
he mo
progreve fel of
 breah of 
 oblga
o  beaue o oblga
o ex
 o 
 par
. Y 
er a
o al ommere free
rae. Vhe u erl g ba for
he
o luo 
he Vrbu al orere Yra
 ompe a
o of moo a a weprea promo
o of lberal marke
paragm 
he
eear legal o eque e of
he
ak g a  uh expropra
o 
er a
o al eo om 
he propo
o
ha

rae a a rule 
wa lafe a a lawful o e u er 
er a
o al law
hereb alwa be efal a 
he more u hampere a  equal
he
rae 
ega
 g
he propre
 of a  awar of amage.
he grea
er
he eo om be ef

o be reape a  ul
ma
el
he
grea
er
he level of evelopme

ha
all 
a
e a aheve.  g
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o  of
he worl ame
o
he
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a
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a
e
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al
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ha

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a
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hoe who
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ha

er a
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rae
woul be more fal
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f 
were
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u er
ake u er a regme of progrevel erea g
arff a 
Phllp e
ere 
o a Jo
S
ru
ure greeme
w
h Yra a

r
l e fore meha m
o afeguar aga 
u far
rae
Gover me

o explo
ol. Ymam Khome  park a revolu
o 
pra
e. From
he Bre

o Woo agreeme
aroe uo
u
um of g978 a  
uee 
oppl g over
he pa
regme 
group
he member of whh agree
o o u

er a
o al
rae
Februar g979. Vhe revolu
o ar gover me
ee
o w
hraw
u er mu
uall favourable
erm u g a mo
favore a
o 
all ol o
ra
 w
h foreg ompa e u er
he gue of
framework. From
h uo group ame
he Ge eral
?a
o ala
o
-we
er e
me
. Vhe ompa 
he ue for
greeme
o Varff a  Vrae. Ul
ma
el
he Worl Vrae
reover of ompe a
o form
he Yra a gover me
.
Orga a
o wa bor  a
he ma fe
a
o of
he 
a
e
ere
o
Vhe ++ ae  g fa

ha

re
era
e
he o
r e o o u
mul
la
eral
rae w
h a vew
o e
ablh g a eo om
 re
expropra
o e
ablhe 
he 0  Y ae. Vh ae orer where
arff are progrevel ereae a  u far
rae
however fur
her qualfe
he o ep
of  re
expropra
o b pra
e are offe
b eo om e foreme
meaure.
pro ou  g
ha
(g) expropra
o ee o
be of o
ra
ual rgh

loel rela
e
o a phal proper
; 
 merel requre
ha

he Vhe Phlpp e  arguabl
he o l jur
o amo g all

ak g amou

o a Y  
Y  
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o
he 
a
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he ae of V%
 
he Supreme Cour
ha ha
o
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all ma ufa
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oao
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ha
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a hor
a
or provo whh ow exa
l
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a o
be legall e fore a a ma

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ablhe
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wee
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he Phlpp e oe o
ahere
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a
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erpre
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o of
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 provo )
ola
o 
eo om pol a    fa
aommoa
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w
h ae a  pu
e ar g from
he aop
o of uh

er a
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ha
are a hore o
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meaure  alo a fer
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op. ere
equal
 a  repro
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he WVO greeeme
o 

u
e a releva
eo  a 
he ee
al por
o  of
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rea
 oblga
o whh
he Phlpp e  bou 
o perform u er 
erpre
a
ve of
he greeme

 provo  wll be o ere

he pr ple of pa
a u
erva a; a uh  e
he pa
a u

erva a o
r e  par
of 
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 b  g o
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he  jur prove
Phlpp e b vr
ue of
he Co 

u
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 Y orpora
o Claue (4) wa o
auall l ke
o
he ump g meaure bu
a

he 
er a
o al free
rae regme emboe 
he WVO reul
of uh ex
ra eou fa
or a
he a F a al
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he be
poble eo om op
o for
he Cr eb
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ve
Phlpp e o er g
he preval g 
er a
o al eo om
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o
ex
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pro ou eme
of
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wa u alle for a


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eme
of pol whh
he Cour
ha o 2.c c
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he Varff Commo of
he
ompe
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o make. Y e g
he ae
he wa 

herefore Phlpp e   epe e
a  
 fa
ual f  g are

he Supreme Cour
o
o l olfe
he argume

ha

he WVO gve grea
wegh
b
he Cour
.
greeme
 a val
rea
 oblga
o  bu
alo mae
he u ol
e
pro ou eme
of
he
rae regme
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ou

Vhe mpleme
a
o of
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he
he
rea
; 
h ae
he ae houl have bee brough

ou
r however  o
w
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ue.  expe
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he GVV a  o

he WVO beaue
he meaure
o
e
ou o
rovere have o fro
e
he ou
r prmarl  were mpoe u er GVV.

he fel of pro
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 g aga 
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her 
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remember
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ablhe o
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meaure are
a
-ump g meaure ou
erval g meaure a  afeguar
meaure
(g) a
-ump g meaure
here  ump g whe
he
expor
pre of a ommo
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ha 
 ormal value 

he expor
 g 
a
e.
-ump g meaure eek
o
equale
rae  uh ma er a for
he ommo

o
a
uall refle

 value from
he 
a ar of
he
expor
 g 
a
e. Suh meaure mu
be u er
ake o l
af
er 
wa prove
ha
(g) a ump g ex
 (2)
here wa
a a
ual  jur
o a ome
  u
r (3)
here  a aual
l k be
wee
he ump g a 
he  jur. Y a
o 
he
meaure mu
be  
a
e b 25% of a  u
r affe
e.
(2) ou
erval g meaure a ub  a f a al
o
rbu
o b a gover me
where
here  e
her a
re
fu 
ra fer a reve ue whh o
herwe ue 
forgo e or whe a gover me
prove goo a 
erve. Y uh ae ou
erval g meaure ma be
emploe b
he mpor
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a
e
o make
he prou

refle

 a
ual value
ak g 
o o era
o
he
ub
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 ma ufa
urer have reeve. Suh
meaure ma be u er
ake o l f 
wa prove
ha
(g)
cc58+(88 rk aeme
 a
a ump g ex
 (2)
here wa a a
ual  jur
o a
ome
  u
r (3)
here  a aual l k be
wee
he
ump g a 
he  jur.
(3) afeguar meaure afeguar meaure are
emploe whe
here  a how g of a rama
  reae

he mpor
 of a par
ular ommo
. Dump g or
u far ub ee o
be prove
o ju
f reor

o
hee
meaure 
be g e ough
ha
urge  mpor
  prove
alo ge a erou  jur or
hrea
of  jur
ha

he
former ha aue or wll aue a 
ha

he prou


rae re
r
o 
ha
are  o ju 
o w
h re
r
o 
o ome
 prou
o or o ump
o a  mu
mpoe

hem aga 
o
o l mpor
e bu
loall harve
e
prou
.
Y
 alo releva

ha
o e of
he reog e val grou 
for
he mpo
o of
rae re
r
o  are
he o-alle
Sa 
ar a  Ph
oa 
ar S
a ar (SPS) whh allow a
mpor
 g 
a
e
o mpoe
rae meaure
o pro
e
huma 
a mal or pla
lfe or heal
h 
he
err
or of member 
a
e
e
her from (g) e
r  e
ablhme
 or prea of pe
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eae (2) rk ar g from a
ve o
am a

ox  or
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or pe
arre b a a mal or pla
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o preve
or lm

o
her amage 
he
err
or of member 
a
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he 
rou
o  e
ablhme
or prea of pe
. Vhe
mpo
o of
hee meaure however are ubje

o
he
how g of uffe
e
f ba a 
he u er
ak g of rk
aeme
meaure.  halle ge
o
he val
 of SPS
meaure mu
be a hore o
he propo
o of a avalable
al
er a
ve
o
he meaure be g halle ge
ha
woul (g)
prove
he ame or a hgher pro
e
o
ha
ha
gve b
he
halle ge meaure a  (2) be le re
r
ve of
rae.
5.c
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prerequ
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he mpo
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6.c
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a
ve
rae prefere e
are vola
o  of
he mo
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o provo of
he
WVO greeme
. Vhe ame
arff ue mu
be mpoe
o mlar prou
 regarle of
he org .

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