A REPORT PRESENTED BY

GROUP D
GROUP MEMBERS
BOMA DOUGLAS 07030343548
JUDE KIFORDU 07034561969
JACKLYN DAVID 08167671978
MAINIYE BENSON 08069497334
EMMANUEL MOCHA 08037228574
LAWSON EMELA 09024754411
EBIKEME BINAEBI 08030931459
UKPONG MERRY MICHEAL 08136041186
INSTRUCTOR
ENGR OMA JUSTICE
HSE LEVEL 3 INSTRUCTOR

24TH NOVEMBER 2017

 SUMMARY
Terrorism in modern day society is at its highest levels in history. The desire for
terror groups to take attacks to locations where they obtain high number of civilian
targets as well as media coverage for their actions is recognised as a major tactic of
insurgents.
Majority of the terror attacks at the break of the Twenty first century have been
related to religious groups and the pursuit for some form of domination over parts
of the World where they initially existed as silent risk.
The work contains information regarding the history of terrorism with a breakdown
of its existence from pre-historic times to date. The establishment of the desire for
political dominance has always been a factor that has encouraged the existence of
this menace in society.
The Mall attack in Nairobi led to an even more heightened sense of demand for
individual security amongst the civilian population within Africa. In view of this, it
becomes the duty of the security agencies to begin to develop a safety orientation
for education of the civilian populace as a means of protecting against future
occurrence of large casualty rates.
The involvement of the HSE professional in the development of security plans has
been initially limited to a workplace function. But what happens when such issues as
terrorist attacks find their way into the work environment. The nature of HSE
encourages Pro-activity rather than reactivity which has become the nature of
security around Africa.
The content of this work carries recommendations that will prove useful in the
eventuality of a hostage situation, Terror attack or violent event within the
community or home.
 INTRODUCTION
A BRIEF HISTORY ON TERRORISM
The unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political
aims. The word finds its origin from the late 18th century (in reference to the rule of the Jacobin
faction during the the period of the French Revolution known as the Terror): from French
terrorisme, from Latin terrere.

1ST CENTURY BCE-13TH CENTURY: TERRORISM IN THE PRE-MODERN WORLD:

The history of terrorism is as old as humans' willingness to use violence to affect politics.
The Sicarii were a first-century Jewish group who murdered enemies and collaborators in their
campaign to oust their Roman rulers from Judea. The Hashhashin, whose name gave us the English
word "assassins," were a secretive Islamic sect active in Iran and Syria from the 11th to the 13th
century. Their dramatically executed assassinations of Abbasid and Seljuk political figures terrified
their contemporaries. Zealots and assassins were not, however, really terrorists in the modern
sense. Terrorism is best thought of as a modern phenomenon. Its characteristics flow from the
international system of nation-states, and its success depends on the existence of a mass media to
create an aura of terror among many people.

1793: THE ORIGINS OF MODERN TERRORISM:

The word terrorism comes from the Reign of Terror instigated by Maxmilien Robespierre in 1793,
following the French revolution. Robespierre, one of twelve heads of the new state, had enemies
of the revolution killed, and installed a dictatorship to stabilize the country. He justified his
methods as necessary in the transformation of the monarchy to a liberal democracy:

Subdue by terror the enemies of liberty, and you will be right, as founders of the Republic.
Robespierre's sentiment laid the foundations for modern terrorists, who believe violence will
usher in a better system. For example, the 19th century Narodnaya Volyahoped to end Tsarist rule
in Russia. But the characterization of terrorism as a state action faded, while the idea of terrorism
as an attack against an existing political order became more prominent.

1950S: THE RISE OF NON-STATE TERRORISM:

The rise of guerrilla tactics by non-state actors in the last half of the twentieth century was due to
several factors. These included the flowering of ethnic nationalism (e.g. Irish, Basque, Zionist),
anti-colonial sentiments in the vast British, French and other empires, and new ideologies such as
communism.

Terrorist groups with a nationalist agenda have formed in every part of the world. For example,
the Irish Republican Army grew from the quest by Irish Catholics to form an independent republic,
rather than being part of Great Britain.

Similarly, the Kurds, a distinct ethnic and linguistic group in Turkey, Syria, Iran and Iraq, have
sought national autonomy since the beginning of the 20th Century. The Kurdistan Worker's Party
(PKK), formed in the 1970s, uses terrorist tactics to announce its goal of a Kurdish state. The Sri
Lankan Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelamare members of the ethnic Tamil minority. They use
suicide bombing and other lethal tactics to wage a battle for independence against the Sinhalese
majority government.
 1970S: TERRORISM TURNS INTERNATIONAL:

International terrorism became a prominent issue in the late 1960s, when hijacking became a
favoured tactic. In 1968, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine hijacked an an El Al
Flight. Twenty years later, the bombing of a Pan Am flight over Lockerbie, Scotland, shocked the
world.

The era also gave us our contemporary sense of terrorism as highly theatrical, symbolic acts of
violence by organized groups with specific political grievances.

The bloody events at the 1972 Munich Olympics were politically motivated. Black September, a
Palestinian group, kidnapped and killed Israeli athletes preparing to compete. Black September's
political goal was negotiating the release of Palestinian prisoners. They used spectacular tactics to
bring international attention to their national cause. Munich radically changed the United States'
handling of terrorism: "The terms counterterrorism and international terrorism formally entered
the Washington political lexicon," according to counterterrorism expert Timothy Naftali.
Terrorists also took advantage of the black market in Soviet-produced light weaponry, such as AK-
47 assault rifles created in the wake of the Soviet Union's 1989 collapse. Most terrorist groups
justified violence with a deep belief in the necessity and justice of their cause.

Terrorism in the United States also emerged. Groups such as the Weathermen grew out of the
non-violent group Students for a Democratic Society. They turned to violent tactics, from rioting to
setting off bombs, to protest the Vietnam War.

1990S: THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY: RELIGIOUS TERRORISM AND BEYOND

Religiously motivated terrorism is considered the most alarming terrorist threat today. Groups
that justify their violence on Islamic grounds- Al Qaeda, Hamas, Hezbollah come to mind first. But
Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism and other religions have given rise to their own forms of militant
extremism.

In the view of religion scholar Karen Armstrong this turn represents terrorists' departure from any
real religious precepts. Muhammad Atta, the architect of the 9/11 attacks, and "the Egyptian
hijacker who was driving the first plane, was a near alcoholic and was drinking vodka before he
boarded the aircraft." Alcohol would be strictly off limits for a highly observant Muslim. Atta, and
perhaps many others, are not simply orthodox believers turned violent, but rather violent
extremists who manipulate religious concepts for their own purposes.

TERRORISM IN NIGERIA
Prohibition of Acts of Terrorism. (1) A person who knowingly (a) does, attempts or threatens to
do an act preparatory to or in furtherance of an act of terrorism; (b) commits to do anything that is
reasonably necessary to promote an act of terrorism; or (c) assists or facilitates the activities of
persons engaged in an act of terrorism, commits an offence under this Act. (2) In this section, "act
of terrorism" means an act which is deliberately done with malice, aforethought and which: (a)
may seriously harm or damage a country or an international organization; (b) is intended or can
reasonably be regarded as having been intended to (i)unduly compel a government or
international organization to perform or abstain from performing any act; (ii)seriously intimidate a
population; (iii)seriously destabilize or destroy the fundamental political, constitutional, economic
or social structures of a country or an international organization; or (iv)otherwise influence such
government or international organization by intimidation or coercion; and (c) involves or causes,
as the case may be (i)an attack upon a person's life which may cause serious bodily harm or
death; (ii)kidnapping of a person; (iii) destruction to a Government or public facility, a transport
system, an infrastructure facility, including an information system, a fixed platform located on the
continental shelf, a public place or private property, likely to endanger human life or result in
major economic loss; (iv)the seizure of an aircraft, ship or other means of public or goods
transport and diversion or the use of such means of transportation for any of the purposes in
paragraph (b)(iv) of this subsection ; * (v) the manufacture, possession, acquisition, transport,
supply or use of weapons, explosives or of nuclear, biological or chemical weapons, as well as
research into, and development of biological and chemical weapons without lawful authority ; (vi)
the release of dangerous substance or causing of fire, explosions or floods, the effect of which is to
endanger human life; (vii) interference with or disruption of the supply of water, power or any
other fundamental natural resource, the effect of which is to endanger human life ; (d) an act or
omission in or outside Nigeria which constitutes an office within the scope of a counter terrorism
protocols and conventions duly ratified by Nigeria. (3) An act which disrupts a service but is
committed in pursuance of a protest. However, demonstration or stoppage of work is not a
terrorist act within the meaning of this definition provided that the act is not intended to result in
any harm referred to in subsection (2) (b)(i), (ii) or (iv) of this section.

BRIEF TIMELINE OF MAJOR EVENTS AT THE WESTGATE MALL NAIROBI, KENYA

DAY 1: Saturday September 21 At around noon local time on September 21, 2013 a reported 10 to 15
gunmen stormed the Westgate Shopping Centre armed with assault weapons and grenades from three
points: (1) drove up to the main entrance; (2) via a rooftop car part; and, (3) down a ramp to a basement
area. At the time of the attack, the building complex, which has six levels housing shopping, eating and
leisure as well as offices and a basement, was packed with shoppers and people having lunch. Witness
reported that the gunmen went from store to store shooting people and then took hostages. The Somalia-
based Al-Shabaab terror group claimed responsibility for the attack as retaliation for Kenyas involvement
in an African Union military effort against the group, which is al Qaedas proxy in Somalia. In 2011, the
Kenyan military was part of a peacekeeping force that defeated al-Shabaab forces to liberate the key
Somali port of Kismayo. Al-Shabaab stated that the attackers targeted non-Muslims and vowed that they
would not negotiate for the lives of the hostages. According to reports from surviving witnesses, Westgate
Mall diagram, Nairobi, Kenya Scenes from inside the Shopping Centre and people fleeing the mall following
the attack gunmen asked customers whether they were Muslim and allowed Muslims to escape from the
mall. Police and security force response was initially focused on rescuing civilians trapped inside the mall.
Approximately an hour into the attack, security forces entered the building and a gun battle ensued
between police and the attackers. Armed forces and helicopters were deployed. Gunfire and explosions
continued overnight.
DAY 2: Sunday September 22 Gunfire erupted at various times throughout the day between al-Shabaab
terrorists and security forces inside the mall and surrounding perimeter areas as Kenyan military and
security forces decided to launch an assault on the mall. Helicopters landed on the roof late in the
afternoon in an operation to retake the mall. According to Kenyan reports, most of the hostages and
survivors were evacuated from the shopping centre area and security forces were able to take control over
most parts of the mall.
DAY 3: Monday September 23 Sporadic gunfire and loud explosions continued as security forces launched a
renewed assault. Reports of the dead and wounded began to leak out to the public. Fire erupted in parts of
the building and some interior floors and part of the car park collapsed. Three floors of the mall collapsed
during the government counter-offensive against the terrorists. Kenyan officials announced that they were
in control of the mall, giving the terrorists little chance of escape.
DAY 4: Tuesday September 24 On Tuesday evening, Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta announced that the
siege had ended and that security forces killed five terrorists at the mall and arrested 11 others for possible
involvement in the attack. Two of the al-Shabaab terrorists identified by CCTV cameras in the Shopping
Centre to date, there are an unconfirmed number of dead, wounded and missing. Closest estimates given
by the Red Cross place the number of casualties at 67 people with an additional 39 people unaccounted for;
however, those figures are unconfirmed by the Kenyan government. An additional 175 people are reported
wounded. The partial collapse of the building, due to the detonation of explosives, contributed significantly
to the figures of dead, wounded and missing. Analysis and Insights The Westgate Shopping Centre attack is
the deadliest terror attack in Kenya since al Qaeda blew up the United States Embassy in 1998, killing 213
people. Several sources have confirmed that Kenyan security forces and several ministers had received
warnings of a possible attack by Islamic militants prior to the attack. Although it would appear that the
information received was general in nature, it directs attention toward the need to determine protection
levels during periods of threat. Media reports quoting senior security sources stated that the al Shabaab
terrorist group rented a shop in the Westgate Shopping Centre in the weeks leading up to, or, as some
reports claim, up to a year prior to the attack. The shop gave access to service lifts, enabling the attackers
to stockpile weapons and ammunition. The claim is supported by reports that the levels of weapons and
ammunitions involved in the attack suggest long-term planning. According to several reports, British and
American citizens were among the group of militants who took part in the attack. Al Shabaab used Twitter
to convey messages to the public throughout the attack. The group released a series of Twitter messages
claiming that 137 hostages had been killed to date and that foreigners were involved in carrying out the
attack, among other statements. There are a number of reasons why Kenya may have been identified as an
attractive target for carrying out an attack, in addition to Kenyan military involvement against al Shabaab in
Somalia.
The Kenyan population is comprised of a high percentage of Muslims (11 percent) as well as a large
Somali refugee community which enables the adversary to blend in and utilize local infrastructures.
Furthermore, poverty, porous borders, corruption, inept police, failed governments and rising
disillusionment among young Islamists have made Kenya and other African nations easy targets and
potential havens for global terrorists. Kenya, specifically, is a familiar region for terrorist organizations like
al Qaeda who has both taken up refuge and operated in the country. It is known that arms smuggling along
the porous borders, including the coastline, is routinely carried out from Somalia. The Dilemmas of
Protecting of Soft Targets The attack on the Westgate mall indicates a continuing trend of terror groups to
attack soft targets including hotels, malls, sports events and schools. Soft targets are by definition assets
that are either not protected or not protected to a high level. They are usually open to the public with very
limited access control. The main dilemma with respect to soft targets is that there are almost an unlimited
number of potential soft targets in a country and it is neither feasible nor possible for a nations security
forces to protect them all. In addition, it is important to recognize that when the soft target is linked to
tourism especially in countries that depend on tourism, the secondary economic impact can be almost
worse than the attack itself. As a result, it becomes vital to implement a risk assessment approach involving
pro-active security solutions that achieve maximum protection without damaging the industry. Proactive
security solutions incorporate multi-layered security deployment, behavior pattern recognition and a
community approach aimed at early detection of potential threats. The Westgate Mall in Nairobi is the
countrys most well-known and prestigious mall and is the main shopping and leisure centre for middle
class Kenyans, expatriate communities and tourists. As such, it could be considered iconic for Kenya and
perhaps warranting of a higher level of protection Lessons Learned and Recommendations The level of
planning and the magnitude of the attack indicate that al Qaeda in general and Al-Shabaab in particular
remains a serious threat and that terrorists are continuing to seek to inflict severe consequences from their
attacks.
 CONCLUSION
Armed assault scenarios continue to be a viable threat and need to be addressed by both government
security agencies and private security sector alike. One of the major challenges security commanders on
the ground are faced with during an armed assault/active shooter scenario is determining whether the
attack is ongoing and innocent people are being killed, injured or put in harms way or that the situation
has become a hostage scenario. This is a crucial challenge as an ongoing attack required immediate
intervention and a seek and engage mindset whereas a hostage crisis requires almost the opposite.
Wrongly characterizing the situation either way will have critical consequences. Structural hardening and
other blast mitigation measures should be considered in the planning stages for new construction of
shopping centres and other facilities. High profile shopping malls need to have trained security
deployments with the necessary skill sets to deal with active shooter scenarios. Training in irregular
behavior detection is important for the early identification of potential threats and pre-attack
reconnaissance. Security deployment must be proactive and create deterrence as unprotected assets
create vulnerability which attracts the adversary. We believe it is important to train security personnel to
identify out of the ordinary, or telltale indicators (TTIs), which could point to the possibility of malicious
intent. It is also possible to recruit non-security personnel, including shop workers, maintenance and
cleaning personnel and even customers themselves into the security effort, adding eyes on the ground and
serving as a valuable deterrent to potential attackers. Security vetting may serve as a potential counter
measure for identifying attempts by the adversary to carry out pre-attack reconnaissance using the insider
threat. Renters from unknown origins, i.e. not a well-known brand or retail chain, looking to rent shops or
space in iconic shopping centres, may be subject to background checks or other forms of vetting.
Partnerships between law enforcement and the private sector are important force multipliers for dealing
with the issue of soft targets. This incident highlights the dilemma regarding how to evaluate warning and
threat-related information as well as who should issues and what kind of directives should be issued and to
whom to ensure an appropriate level of security and response in place. Security measures must be taken to
meet relevant threat information. The wide use of Twitter by al Shabaab demonstrates the growing
importance of social media as a terrorist tool. It is important to ensure that terrorist sites, mediums,
message boards and posts are closely monitored by relevant security agencies as a valuable tool for early
detection of potential threats, measuring social temperament and obtaining a situational picture during an
attack. Due to the multitude of soft targets security commanders must use a risk management approach
toward determining which assets need to be protected, what level of protection they will receive and how
to raise protection levels when there is an increase in threat. It is clear that if a terror attack is not
challenged and defeated or at least mitigated at the start of the incident the situation is likely to
deteriorate rapidly with severe consequences. It is feasible for security forces deployed at protected
facilities, whether police or private guards, to deal with armed assaults providing they have the right
training, mindset and procedures. Security forces should also be able to put to good use their intimate
knowledge of their own building which should not be able to be matched by the terrorists.
 RECOMMENDATIONS
The goal of these recommendations is to help people to act in the right way in case of
emergency, and also provide the conditions helping to solve crimes. Everyone should
know how to behave in case of emergency and to be psychologically ready for self-
defense.

Finding suspicious object which might be an explosive device

Accidents of finding suspicious objects which might turn out to be an explosive
device are happening a lot recently. These items are found in transport, on staircase,
near the doors of apartments, in public places. How should we behave? What do we
have to do in case of finding them?

If the found item should not be there, in your opinion, do not neglect this fact.

If you found the thing that had been left behind by somebody in public transport, ask
the people near you. Try to figure out whose thing it is and who might have left it. If
you failed to define the owner, immediately inform the driver about it.

If you found an unknown object in the entranceway of your house, ask the neighbors,
perhaps it belonged to them. If the owner is not determined, immediately inform the
nearest police department about your finding.

If you found an unknown object in the facility, immediately inform administration or

security about your finding.

In all the cases mentioned above:

Do not touch, move or open the thing that you found;
Remember the time when you found it;
Try to do your best so that the people would go away from the object as far as
possible;
You must wait for the operational investigative group to arrive (as you are a very
important witness).
Remember: outside appearance may hide its real purpose. In the function of
camouflage for explosive devices common household stuffs are used such as bags,
packages, boxes, toys, etc.

Parents! You are responsible for life and health of your children. Explain your
children that any object found in the street or in the hallway might be
dangerous.

Do not do anything to the findings or suspicious objects which might be

explosive devices, because it might cause their explosion, numerous victims and
destructions.
 GETTING INFORMATION ABOUT EVACUATION
There might be an announcement about evacuation not only in case of finding an
explosive device or mitigation of consequences of a terror attack, but also in case of
fire, natural disaster, etc.

After receiving an announcement about evacuation from the authorities stay calm and
follow their instructions.

If you are in the apartment, make the following actions:

Take all your documents, the money, properties;
Turn off the electricity, water supply and the gas;
Help elderly people and sick people to evacuate;
Lock the door so this can protect your apartment from possible breaking in.
Do not panic, go into hysterics or hurry. Leave the building in an orderly way. Go
back to the left building only after the authorities permission.

Remember that the life and health of many people will depend on concurrence of
your actions.
HOW TO BEHAVE IN A CROWD
Avoid scores of people.
Do not join the crowd despite your will to watch happening events.
If you are in the crowd, let it bear you, but try to get out of it.
Take a deep breath and set aside bent in the elbows arms so that your chest would not
be strangled.
Try to get away from tall and big people, people with large bags.
Try to stand on your feet by all means.
Do not have your hands in the pockets.
When moving, raise your legs as high as possible, put the leg on the whole footstep,
do not mince, and do not walk on tiptoe.
If the crowd jam becomes too threatening, do not hesitate, immediately get rid of any
weight, especially bags with long strap and scarf.
If you dropped something, do not bend to pick it up.
If you fell, try to get on your feet as fast as possible. And while doing it do not lean
on your arms (people would stand on them or break). Try to get on your tiptoes. After
finding something to lean on, resurface by drafting off the ground.
If you cannot get on your feet, roll yourself up into a ball, protect your head with the
arms and cover the back of your head with the hands.
Having got in the room full of people, define potentially dangerous places in
emergency situation (aisles between the sectors on the stadium, glass doors and
divisions in concert halls, etc.), pay attention to the fire escape, make the way to them
in your mind.
It is easier to hide from the crowd in the corners of a room or near the walls, but it is
harder to get to the exit from these places.
If having a panic attack, try to stay calm and appraise the situation in cold blood.
 Do not join the protesters just for fun. Firstly, find out if the protest is approved, and
what the protesters are fighting for.
Do not get involved in unregistered organizations. Participating in the events of such
organizations can lead to criminal sanction.
During riotous disturbances do not get in the crowd of either the protesters or the
viewers. You can get in the way of actions of Special Forces unit.

BEING TAKEN HOSTAGE

Any person can be taken hostage. And criminals might want to achieve political
goals, or to get ransom, etc. In all of these cases your life becomes an object for
bargaining.
Attack might happen in the transport, in different facilities, in the street, in the
apartment.
If you happen to be taken hostage, we recommend you to stick to the following rules:
Unexpected move or noise may cause fierce reaction from the terrorists. Do not do
anything that can provoke the terrorists to use weapons and lead to human losses;
Be ready for the blindfolds, gags, handcuffs or ropes;
Bear deprivation, insults and humiliation, do not look the criminals in the eyes (for a
nervous person this might a sign for aggression), do not brave it out;
Do not try to stand against the criminals, do not brave out by trying to disarm the
bandits or to break through to the exit or window;
If you are made to leave the building saying that you were taken hostage, do not
resist;
If there are children beside you, find a safe place for them, and be with them if
possible;
Do everything what the criminals tell you, do not conflict with them, do not risk your
life and lives of those close to you, do not panic;
When medical assistance is required, speak calm and briefly, do not make the bandits
nervous, and do not do anything until you get a permission to do it.
REMEMBER: YOUR GOAL IS TO STAY ALIVE
Be attentive; try to memorize the criminals features, names, clothes, scars, tattoos,
speech habits, behavior, the themes of talks, etc.
Having received the message about you being taken hostage, law enforcement
already began their actions and would do everything to save you.
During the hostage-rescue mission observe the following rules:
Lie on the floor face down, covering the head with your hands and do not move;
Do not run towards the law enforcement or from them, because they might consider
you to be a criminal;
Stay away from the windows and doors if possible;

If you have been taken hostage, remember that your own behavior might affect the
attitude towards you.
Stay calm, define what is going on;
Decision to resist or not to resist must be balanced and depend on the danger of
superior forces of the terrorists;
 Do not resist as it might cause bigger violence.
Be on the alert. Focus on sounds, moves, etc.
Be ready for Spartan conditions bad food and living conditions, inconvenient toilet;
Observe the rules of personal hygiene if possible;
If you have any health issues, make sure you have all the necessary meds. Tell the
guards about your health problems, ask for medical assistance or the meds;
If you are asked to explain having some documents, telephone numbers, etc., do it;
Do not let your conscience go weak. Train your memory all the time, remember
historical dates and events, surnames of people you know, telephone numbers, etc.
Work out if possible;
Ask the guards if you could read, write, use the means of personal hygiene, etc.
If you have been given an opportunity to speak to your relatives on the phone, pull
yourself together, do not cry or shout, speak briefly. Try to make contact with the
guards, explain that you are a human being too. Show them the pictures of your
family. Do not try to deceive them.
If the guards do not want to talk to you, talk to yourself, tell poems or sing songs;
Count the days by drawing the lines on the walls or with the help of stones;
If you have been trapped in some room, try to attract somebodys attention. Break
the glass and call for help. If you have matches, set some paper on fire and take it
closer to the fire detector;
Do not lose hope. Remember that the more time has gone the more chances you
have.

USING THE AIR TRANSPORT

Take a seat near the window in the end of a plane. Stay close to the exit.
Examine the passengers, pay attention to their behavior.
Discuss with your family the actions if the plane is attacked.
Do not go to trading spots that are out of the security zone of the airport.
Tell the airplanes crew about the left luggage or suspicious actions.
If the airport has been attacked:
Use any available shelter;
Do not run, fall on the ground;
Cover your head with the hands and turn away from the attack;
Do not help the security forces if you are not sure in efficiency of these actions.

IF THE AIRPLANE HAS BEEN ATTACKED

Imagine all the possible ways of the attack and your behavior. Do not panic, stay in
your seat. Do not argue with the terrorists; do not provoke them to use the weapon.
Do not try to neutralize the terrorists yourself, keep your neighbors from doing it.
Accept all the insults and humiliation that you might suffer from.
Avoid doing things that can attract attention to you. If there are crying children or
moaning sick people, do not complain. Any fireworks of negative emotions might
make the situation worse.
Do not drink alcohol.
No matter what happens, do not try to defend the crew. Your interference might make
everything worse.
Do not be skeptical about the pilots actions. The crew is always right. Any order of
the cabin crew member is like a law for a passenger. Do not believe the terrorists.
They can tell you anything, but will always pursue their own interests.
Think not only about yourself but other passengers as well.
If you have seen some crew member leaving the plane, do not attract other
passengers attention to it. The actions of the crew might be noticed by the terrorists.
Be ready for the operation on the release of the plane if you feel that negotiations are
coming to dead end. Try to take such a pose so that the terrorists could not grab you
and use as a human shield. Lie down or hide behind the seat covering your head with
your hands and stay there until you are told to get out.
Notice: Security Forces might consider anyone in motion to be the terrorists.
Leave the plane as soon as you can. Do not stop to find your things.
You will probably have to answer the questions of the investigator, so try to
remember all the details of what happened. This will help the whole investigation
process and save your time.
ACTIONS AT THE THREAT OF A TERRORIST ATTACK
Always control the situation around you especially if you are in the transport,
shopping malls, sportsgrounds or entertainment center.
If you find lost things, do not touch them; tell about it to the driver, the security, and
the police. Do not try to have a look into the suspicious package, box or other object.
Do not take abandoned things no matter how good they look. Explosive devices
might be hidden inside them (in cell phones, etc.). Do not kick the objects on the
ground.
If Special Forces raid has begun do not be curious, go in the other direction, but do
not run so that you were not mistaken for a criminal.
In case of explosion or shooting fall on the ground under the cover if possible (border
stone, car, kiosk, etc.). Cover your head with the hands for more safety.
If you by chance find out about forthcoming terrorist attack, immediately tell the
police.