1310.

62
log10 VP 6.8379 1.2856
CBE 442 Separation Processes
100 136.05 David Dandy Fall 2017

VP 19.30
b.) The answer is K = 0.01693. K
Practice Problems
Ptot 1.5 760

2.D7. New problem 4th ed.

Part a. Drum 1: V1/F1 = 0.3, Slope op line = -L/V = -.7/.3 = -7/3, y=x=z1 =0.46. L1 = F2 = 70.
From graph x1 = z2 = 0.395
Drum 2: V1/F1 = 30/70, Slope op line = -L/V = -7/3, y=x=z2 =0.395. L1 = F2 V2 = 40.
From graph x2 = 0.263

Part b. Single drum: V/F = 0.6, Slope op line = -L/V = -40/60 = -2/3, From graph x = 0.295.
More separation with 2 drums.

27

K i 1 zi
R.R. 0 z C3 1 z C6 z C4 .65 z C6
V
1 Ki 1
F
z C6 z C6 V V
C6: 0.7 z C6 0.7 1 0.7 , z C6 0.7 0.49
V V F F
1 K C6 1 1 0.7
F F
4 .65 z C6 0.9 .35 0.7z C6
RR Eq: 0
V V V
1 4 1 0.9 1 0.7
F F F
2 equations & 2 unknowns. Substitute in for z C6 . Do in Spreadsheet. Use Goal Seek
to find V F. V/F = 0.594 when R.R. equation 0.000881 .
V
z C6 0.7 0.49 0.7 (0.49)(0.594)
V K i 1 zi
0.40894
2.D8. F eqn: f
Use Rachford-Rice 0 . Note that 2 atm = 203 kPa.
F 1 Ki 1 V / F
2.D11. NewFind
Problem
K i from4th ed. Obtain K
DePriester ethylene
Chart: K1 = 2.2,
73, KKpropylene
2 4.1 K=3 0.56 from De Priester chart.
.115
KE = yE/xE and KP = yP/xP Since yp = 1 yE and xp = 1 xE , Kp = (1 yE)/(1 xE).
Converge on V F .076, V F V F 152 kmol/h, L F V 1848 kmol/h .
Thus, 2 eqs and 2 unknowns. Solve for yE and xE.
xE =From
(1 K z
xpi ) / (KE Kip) and ywe E = obtain
KE xE =xKE (1
1
Kp) /x(KE .0809,
.0077, 2
Kp) x .9113
3
V
xE = (1 0.56) 1/ (2.2 K0.56)1 = 0.268 and yE = KE xE = (2.2)(0.268) = 0.590
i
Check: xp = 1 xEF= 1 0.268 = 0.732 and yp = 1 yE = 1 0.590 = 0.410
yp/xpy=i 0.410/
Kp =From K i x i0.732
, we obtain
= 0.56 yOK1 .5621, y 2 .3649, y3 .1048
2.D9. Need hF to plot on diagram. Since pressure is high, feed remains a liquid
2.D12. For problemhF C 2.D1c, plot
Trefx =, 0.2
Trefon 0equilibrium
from chartdiagram with feed composition of 0.3.
PL TF
The resulting operating line has a y intercept z V / F 1.2 . Thus V F 0.25 (see figure in
CP CP x EtOH CP x w
Solution to 2.D1) Vapor
L
mole fraction wis y = 0.58.
EtOH

Where x and
Find Liquid Density.
EtOH x w are mole fractions. Convert weight to mole fractions.
 QR = 45.61(7.7) + 10(62) +194.38(99) 250 (200) (- 51502) = 21716.8 kcal/min
Part c. New problem in 4th edition. Since input and output both change by a factor of 2.5, multiply
CBE 442results
Separation Processes
from part a by 2.5. B = 191, D = 34, Qc = - 38392.5, QR = 9088 kcal/minDavid Dandy Fall 2017

z xB .4 .002
3.D6. From Eq. (3-3), D = F 2500 998 lbmol/h.
xD xB .999 .002
Then B = F = 1502.
Condenser: V Lo D Lo D D D , QC h D H V D Lo D 1
Overall EB. Fh F QR Qc DHdist Bh B
With 99.9% nC5 have essentially pure nC5 . Thus, it is at its boiling point.
Know Qc 2, 400,517 kcal h and DHdist 1, 480, 426 kcal h.
h D HV C5 11,369 Btu/lbmol, QC 11,369 998 4 45,385, 048 Btu/h
To find Fh F and Bh B , need to convert mole frac to wt frac.
Overall: Q R Dh D Bh B Fh F QC
Basis 1 kmol
Distillate
Feed is at boiling point
30 of pure%nC
mole E:5 .3Kmole
C5 1.0
46 on DePriester
13.8 Chart) = 35C. Bottoms is at
boiling point of nC6 K C6 1.0 67C. 12.6
70% W : .7 18
Converting to F: 35C = 95F, 67C = 152.6F, 30C
total = 86F.
26.4 kg kmol
Note feed is obviously a subcooled liquid. Arbitrarily, pick a liquid at 0F as reference.
Mass and
(This will not affect the result E 13.8
frac other 26.4
values 0.5227
can be used.)
BottomsC 0.01047
x C5 C PLC 5 z C6 C PLC6 , CPF mole
.4 4639.7 .48162
.6 51.7 46.9 Btu/lbmol F
PF
17.811 58
hF C PF0.98953
TF 0 mole
46.918 86 4033.4 Btu/lbmol
total 18.293 kg kmol
Distillate is almost pure nC5 . Liquid at 95F
Mass frac E 0.48162 18.28 0.0263
h D CPLC5 TDist 0 39.7 95 3771.5 Btu/lbmol
From Figure 2-4 h F satd liqd 70 kcal kg , h B satd liqd 97
Bottoms is almost pure liquid nC6 at 152.6F.
Then QR DHdist Bh B Fh F Qc
hC pLC 6 Tbot 0 51.7 152.6 7889.4 Btu/lbmol
kmol 18.29316 kg 97 kcal 26.4 kg kcal
Q R 1, 480, 426 171.9 300 70
QR 998 3771.5 1502 h 7889.4 kmol 2500 kg4033.4 45,385,
kmol 048 kg50,861, 491 Btu/h
2, 400,517 z1, 480, x B 426 305,525 0.7 554, 408
0.001 2, 400,517 3,632,069kcal h
3.D7. Eq. (3-3), D F 1000 700.4 kmol/h
xD xB 0.999 0.001
3D9. New problem in 4th ed. Part a. Figure 2-4: hfeed = 470 Kcal/kg, Hdist = 295, hreflux = 60, hside = 560.
B F D 299.6 kmol/h
D = [(z xbot)F S(yside xbot)]/[xdist xbot] = 1005.509 kg/h, B = F S D = 969.49 kg/h
Condenser: Lo Lo D D 2.8 700.4 1961.1 kmol/h
L0 = (L/D) D = 2915.98, V1 = L0 + D = 3921.49
Qc= L0(h0 H1) Only this reflux
= - 685,254 is condensed
kcal/h; QR = DHdistsince
+SHproduct is a vapor.
side + Bhbot Fhfeeed QC = 152,829 kcal/h.
QC LFo is doubled:
Part b. Same equations, where D is for essentially
= 2016.6, pure n-pentane.
B = 1958.4, L0 = 5847.3, V1 = 7864.9, Qcond = -
1,374,336. QR = 199,080 kcal/h kmol Btu 2.20462 lbmol
QC 1966.1 11,369
th h lbmol 1 kmol
3.D10. New Problem in 4 ed.
Dxdist = (frac rec Q
M dist)Fz MD
49,154, = (fracBtu
204.85 rec M dist)Fz1 J /x = (0.97)(150)(.3)/0.99
M dist
J
5.18176 1010 = 44.091 kmol/h
C -4
B = F D = 150 44.091 = 105.909 kmol/h, h x9.486 10 Btu h
M,bot = (Fz Dxdist)/B = (45 43.65)/105.909 = 0.012747
Frac RecFrom
wateroverall balance
in bottoms Q R xDH
= [B(1 BhWB] = [105.909(0.98725)]/[150(0.7)]
)]/[Fz
M,botD Fh F QC = 0.9958
Distillate is vapor at b.p. of pure n-pentane (35C from DePriester chart, K C5 1.0 )
3.D11. New Problem in 4th US Edition. Was 3.D10 in 3rd International edition.
Bottoms is boiling n-hexane (67C)
B = 120
Conversions: 35C Q R =Lh 95FVH - Bh B and &
distillate L Feed
V and
B 67C = 152.6F - bottoms
Assume h h B . QR L B h Vh V H h V
As reference, arbitrarily choose liquid at 0F.
V liquid.
Feed is subcooled V B B 1.5 120 180 kmol h.
CPF pure
Bottoms is almost z C5Cwater.
PLC5 z C6 CPLC6
9.72 0.7 mol
kcal 39.7 9072 51.7kmol43.3Btu lbmolo F
0.3 kcal
w
hF CPF TF 0kmol43.3 95 0 4113.5 Btu lbmol
QR 180 9072 1.633 10 6 kcal h
Distillate H D C5 CPLC5 Thdist 0
H 11,369 39.7 95 0 15,140.5 Btu lbmol
3.D12. New Problem inD 4th Edition. D = F B = 200 160 = 40 kmol/h .
Bottoms is pure C 6 @152.6 F
hB CPLC6 Tbot 0 51.7 152.6 0 7889.4 Btu lbmol 61
CBE 442 Separation Processes David Dandy Fall 2017

4D9. New Problem in 4th Edition. a) F1 F2 D B and F1z1 F2 z 2 Dx B Bx B

L LD 2
Solve simultaneously, B 228.6, D 271.4 , L D 2,
V 1 LD 3
L
L D 542.8, V L D 814.2
D
Saturated Liquid Feed V V 814.2
L L F1 542.8 200 742.8, L V 0.923
Top Op. Line Normal: y LV x 1 L V xD
Through y x xD .8, Slope =2/3, y intercept 1 / 3 .8 .2667
Bottom Normal: y L V x L V 1 x B , through y x xB .1
Through intersection, F2 feed line & middle op. line.
Feed line F2 slope LF2 / VF2 .8 / .2 4
V V 60 754.2, L 240 982.8, L / V 1.303 , V / B 754.2 / 228.6 3.30
L
D Fz
Middle y L V x x D 1 1 (or do around bottom)
V V
Slope L V .923 . Through intersection feed line F1 and top op. line.
Dx D F1z1
Also, x 0, y 0.1193 . See plots on graph. 74
V
b. (L/V)min = slope = (xdist - y*)/(xdist z1) = (.8 - .729)/(.8 - .6) = 0.355, and (L/D)min =(L/V)/(1-L/V)=.55
If we calculate the middle operating line, it does intersect the F2 feed line underneath the equilibrium.
Thus, with a small increase in L/D separation is feasible.
L L L .2 F2 L q .2 1
c. Now L L .2 F2 and q2 .2, slope .
F2 F2 q 1 1.2 6
Intersects equilibrium curve at x=0.159, y = 0.364.
L .364 .1 V 1
4.443, then 0.290 By calculating flow rates using CMO
V .159 .1 B L
max min
1
V max
find Lmin = 154.99, Vmin = 426.39, and (L/D)min = 0.571.
Since this value is greater than the value calculated in part b, with the superheated feed the pinch is at
feed F2.
CBE 442 Separation Processes David Dandy Fall 2017

4.D13. New Problem in 4th Edition. Top op line: y = (L/V)x + (1 L/V)xdist

CMO: V = F = 150 and L = B
Mass balance: B = F D = 150- 20 = 130, xbot = (Fz Dxdist) = 0.0923
L/V = 130/150 =0.8667. y intercept = (1 - .8667)(0.9) = 0.12
See graph: 4 stages more than sufficient.
Part b) FL = 45, FV = 105. Same overall mass balance.
Now have 2 operating lines. With CMO: FV = V =105 = V, L = B = 130, L = L FL =85

Top op line: y = (L/V)x + (1 L/V)xdist. Slope = L/V = 85/105 = .8095,

y intercept = (1 0.8095)(.9) = 0.1714

Middle or bottom op line: y = (L/V)x +[FVz B xbot]/V. Slope = L/V = 130/105 = 1.238
Y intercept =0.0857.
See graph. 4 stages is sufficient, feed on stage 4.
Part c. The second system will have a smaller diameter and thus may be less expensive.

79
5.D4. a. .99 F z C5 D x C5,dist (1), and .01 Fz C5 =B x C5,bot (2)
B x i,b B 6062.4 kg h
.98 F z C6,bot Bx C6,bot (3), and .02 F z C6 D z C6,dist (4)
CBE 442 Separation Processes David Dandy Fall 2017
Check B+D=F, OK.
Assume all heptane in bottoms
Fz Bx (5), x 0 (6)
5.D3. Assume that ethanol
C7 is HK.
bot,C6 Then assume
dist,C7 that HNKs are totally in the bottoms.
Take Eqs. 1, 4 & 6: .99 (1000)
x M,dist Dx C5d
(.4)x=E,dist
.99, .01
.02 (1000) (.3) = D =x C6d
2195.6 , 0(0.22)
(.998) x C7,dist = Dx MD
= D (10,000)
Dx l,dist 4022195.6
D 2195.6
kg moles/h, B = F D = 1000 402 = 598
D 2217.78 and B F D 7782.22
x
.99 1000 .4
MD .99
b. Bottoms: , x C5,d .0021 (.22) (10,000)0.9851
x C7,dist 0MeOH: = 4.4
402
4.4 1.0 .18 10, 000
x Mbot 1000 .3 1.0
0.0006 , x n propanol,bot 0.2313
0.9851 0.0149 , x C7,bot
x C6,d 17782.22 0.5017
7782.22
598
1.0 .13 10, 000
x .98 1000 .3 .1670
x C6,bot n butanol,bot 0.4916 , x C5,bot 1 .5017 .4916 0.0067
7782.22
598
c. L = (L/D)Dx EtOH,bot
= (2.5) 1(402)
x MeOH,bot
= 1005, Vx n=p,bot
L + Dx=nbut,bot
1005 +0.6011
402 = 1407
At feed stage: L = L + .6F = 1005 + 600 = 1605, V = V - .4F = 1407 400 = 1007
113
5.D5. Assume all methanol and ethanol in distillate.
Dx MeOH,dist 0.55 100 0.01 150 56.5
Dx EtOH,dist 0.21 100 0.03 150 25.5

Dx prop,dist 0.993 0.23 100 0.26 150 61.57

Dx bu tan ol,dis 1 0.995 0.01 100 0.70 150 0.53

D 144.1
B F1 F2 D 105.9
Check: Bx Pr op,bot 1 0.993 .23 100 .26 150 0.434
Bx but,dist 0.995 .01 100 0.7 150 105.47

Check = 105.90
Mole fractions:
0.434
x M,bot 0 , x E,bot 0, x prop,bot 0.0041 , x but,bot 1 x prop,bot 0.9959
105.90

Dx MeOH,dist 56.5 25.5

x M,dist 0.392 , x E,dist 0.1767
D 144.1 144.1
61.566
x p,dist 0.427 , x But,dist 0.53 144.1 0.0037
144.1
Check = 1.000 OK

114
 stream FN. Since the feeds (D values) need to be specified, one will have to do a trial-and-
error process to find the concentrations of LN and of the mixture that makes up DN.
CBE 442 Separation
Aspen Plus v.Processes
8.8 does not offer the option of using a total reboiler in RADFRAC.David Dandy Fall 2017

6.D1. For n-pentane from Example 6-1, T = 60C, K C5 1.05, L1 L 2 825 kmole/hr,
L3 1825, L 4 450 B, V2 V3 V4 1375.
Matrix: j = 1 (total condenser),
K 2 V2 1.05 1375 D 550
C1 1.75 , B1 1 1 1.67, D1 0
L2 825 L1 825
K 3 V3 1.05 1375
j 2, C2 0.791
L3 1825
V2 K 2
B2 1 2.75, A 2 1, D 2 0
L2
K 4 V4 1.05 1375
j 3, C3 3.208
L4 450
V3 K 3
B3 1 1.791, A 3 1, D3 Fz C51 1000 0.35 350 137
L3
1 V4 K 4
j 4 Reboiler , B4 4.208, A 4 1, D 4 0
L4
1.67 1.75 0 0 1,C5 0
1 2.75 0.791 0 2,C5 0
0 1 1.791 3.208 3,C5 350
0 0 1 4.208 4,C5 0

Values for 1,C5 to 4,C5 are in Example 6-1.

6.D2. p = 5 atm: z C2 0.08, z C3

0.33, z C4 0.49, z C5 0.10
As satd liquid & for bp calculate zi x i . Want yi 1.0.
Pick C3 as ref. 5 atm 101.3 kPa atm 506.5 kPa
1st Guess: Want K C3 1, K C4 1. DePriester Chart.
Try T = 20C. K C2 5.4, K C3 1.7, K C4 0.47, K C5 0.14
yi 5.4 0.08 1.7 0.33 0.47 0.49 0.14 0.10 1.237
K C3 20 1.7
Need lower T. K C3 Tnew 1.37
Ki xi 1.237
Tnew 12 , K C2 4.6, K C4 0.35, K C5 0.10
yi
0.368 0.4521 0.1715 0.0 1.0016 OK
Propane Matrix Analysis: K C3 1.37, B F D 1000 410 590 L 6
D3 Fz c3 330, D1 D 2 D 4 D5 D6 0
V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 L1 D 1435
L1
L1 D 1025 L 2 L3
D
L3 L 2 F 2025 L 4 L5
Total Condenser (1):
B1 1 D L1 1.40, C1 K 2 V2 L 2 1.37 1435 1025 1.918
V2 K 2 V3 K 3 1435 1.37
Stage 2. A2 1, B2 1 =2.918, C 2 0.9708
L2 L3 2025
 0 0 0 -1 1.9708 -3.32
0 0 0 0 -1 4.32
CBE 442 Separation Processes David Dandy Fall 2017

6.D3. p = 5 atm = 506.5 kPa z C2 0.08, z C3

0.33, z C4 0.49, z C5 0.10
As satd liquid & for bp calculation at zi x i . Calculation is same as in 5.D11 to obtain T.
Result is: Tbp 12 , K C2 4.6, K C3 =1.37, K C4 0.35, K C5 0.10
n-butane Matrix Analysis: K C4 0.35, B F D 1000 410 590 L 6
D3 Fz c3 490, D1 D 2 D 4 D5 D 6 0
V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 L1 D 1435
L1
L1 D 1025 L 2 , L3 L 2 F 2025 L 4 L5
D
Total Condenser (1):
B1 1 D L1 1.40, C1 K 2 V2 L 2 0.35 1435 1025 0.49
V2 K 2 V3 K 3 1435 0.35
Stage 2. A2 1, B2 1 =1.49, C 2 0.2480
L2 L3 2025
V3 K 3 V4 K 4 1435 0.35
Stage3. A 3 1, B3 1 =1.2480, C3 0.2480
L3 L4 2025
V4 K 4 V5 K 5
Stage 4. A4 1, B4 1 =1.2480, C 4 0.2480
L4 L5
V5 K 5 V6 K 6 1435 0.35
Stage5: A 5 1, B5 1 =1.2480, C5 0.8513
L5 L6 590
V6 K 6
Reboiler (Stage 6). A 6 1, B6 1 =1.8513
L6
Mass balance matrix.
1.40 -0.49 0 0 0 0
-1 1.49 -0.248 0 0 0
0 1 1.248 0.248 0 0 139

0 0 1 1.248 0.248 0
0 0 0 -1 1.248 -0.851
0 0 0 0 -1 1.851

6.D4. L L D D 5 60 300
V L D 360
Saturated liquid feed: V V 360; L L F 400

L1 L, L 2 L, L3 L, L 4 B F D 40
V1 0, V2 V, V3 V, V4 V

Bubble Pt. Set z i xi yi Ki xi


yi 1.0 or Ki xi 1.0

M 3.58, E 2.17, NP 1, NB 0.412

 Fx F Wfinal x fin 100 0.57 39.7 0.15
x Davg 0.847
CBE 442 Separation ProcessesD 60.3 David Dandy Fall 2017
total

9.D4. Wfinal 2.0 kg moles, x F 0.8, x fin 0.4 . Find F, x DAvg , D total
Can use Simpsons rule (Eq (9-12) or evaluate numerically.

x y(equil) 1

y x
1
16.66 0.80 0.86 16.666
y x
4.76 7.143 0.70 0.80 10

.4 0.60 0.74 7.143

.6 .8
0.50 0.67 5.882
x
0.40 0.61 4.76

xF
dx 0.4
4.76 4 7.143 16.666 3.3333
x fin y x 6
Wfinal 2.0
Rayleigh eqn F 56.063 kmol
xF
dx exp 3.3333
exp
x fin y x
D total F Wfinal 54.063 kmol,
Fx F Wfinal x fin 56.068 0.8 2.0 .4
x DAVG 0.815
D total 54.063

xF
dx
9.D.5. a) Wfinal F exp
x fin y x
Can use Simpsons rule, eq. (9-12b) with equilibrium values from plot.
1 1
f x fin 2.7397
y x 0.028 0.645 0.28
x fin xF 1 1
f 3.2787
2 y x 0.40
0.705 0.52
1 1
f xF 4.65116
y x 0.52
0.735 0.52

221
 b. Settler: D V,tot D1 D 2 1.6790 D1 D 2

CBE 442 Separation Processes

D
V,tot D,avt y D1x 2 D2 x B 1.6790 0.7088 0.573 D1 David
0.975 D 2 Fall 2017
Dandy
Solving simultaneously, D 2 0.567 and D1 1.112
Wfinal 1 x fin 1 x F 1 xF
9.D6. Use eq. (9-13) n n n
F 1 x F 1 x fin 1 x fin
a) F = 1.3, x F .6, x fin .3, 2.4
Wfinal 1 .3 4 .4
n n n222 0.8948 0.5596 1.4544
1 3 1.4 .6 7 .7
Wfinal 1.3 0.2335 Wfinal 0.3036 kmol
Fx F Wfinal x fin 1.3 0.6 0.3036 0.3
x DAVG 0.6914
F Wfinal 1.3 0.3036
b) Now Wfinal 3.5 0.2335 Wfinal 0.81725
3.5 0.6 0.81725 0.3
x DAVG 0.6914
3.5 0.8125
c) F 2.0, x F 0.6, x DAVG 0.75

Wfinal x DAVG xF
Since F Wfin x DAVG Fx F Wfinal x fin , .
F x DAVG x fin
Then Eq. (9-13) becomes
0.75 .6 x DAVG xF 1 x fin .4 4
n n n n
0.75 x fin x DAVG x fin 1.4 .6 1 x fin 1 x fin
F x DAVG xF 2.0 .75 0.60
Solution is x fin 0.5025 . Wfinal 1.212 kmol.
x DAVG x fin .75 0.5025
LD 1
9.D7. L D 1/ 2, L V slope . Pick series x D values. Plot enriching section op
1 LD 3
1 xF
dx
line. Step off two stages. Find x W . Calculate , determine
xD xW x Wf xD xW
xD xW 1
f
xD xW

0.56 0.11 1/.45 = 2.2222

0.10 Interpolate 2.361
0.49 0.09 1/.40 = 2.50
0.44 0.06 1 .38 2.6316
0.38 0.05
0.26 0.02
1 .33 3.0303
1/.24 = 4.1666

Simpsons Rule
xF
dx xF x fin
f x fin 0.02 4f x W,avg 0.06 f xF 0.10
x fin xD xW 6
0.10 0.02
4.1666 4 2.6316 2.361 0.22739
6

223
 MIX MIX

From Eq. (10-6) for 0.217, E o 0.730 . The higher pressure results in higher
CBE 442 Separation Processes
temperatures David Dandy
and lower viscosities. This increases the predicted column efficiency Fall 2017
by 24%.

10.D2. T 98.4 273.1 371.5 K (almost pure n-heptane at bottom).

pMW 1 100.2
v 0.205 lb/ft 3 , L 0.684 62.4 42.68 lb/ft 3 , 20
RT 1.314 371.5
Need L V . First, find y at intersection of operating lines.
L .999 y
Top Operating Line Slope .8
V .999 .5
y .999 .8 .499 0.5998
L 0.5998 0.001
Then, 1.20
V 0.5 0.001
L L MWL L
1.2 . This is at bottom where MWL ~ MWv .
G V MWv V
0.5 0.5
L v .205
Fv 1.2 0.08317
G L 42.68
0.2 0.2
12.5
From Figure 10-16, Csb 0.32, Csb 0.32 0.29
20 20
0.5
42.68 0.205
u flood 0.29 4.19
0.205
Saturated liquid feed V V 2500. Use = .90
1/ 2
4 2500 1.314 371.5
D 12.35 ft
.90 3600 1 .75 4.19
Somewhat larger. Would design at bottom of column. Since Fairs correlation is
conservative, use a 12 ft. diameter column.

10.D3. New 12 dia col. First, redo entrainment calculation.

0.5
L 0.205
1.2, F g 1.2 0.0832 , L 1.2 V 3000
V 42.68
For Fig. 10-17 need % flood. In problem 12.D2 designed for 75% flood.
1/ 2
const 1/ 2
D 11.78 , const1/ 2 11.78 .75 10.20
75% flood
1/ 2
Use 12 feet: % flood 10.202 /12.0. % flood 72.3% . Then Fig. 10-17, = 0.022.

258
 449 1.089
h dc 2.086 2 2.083 1.888 8.05 in , h dc,areated 16.11 inch, OK
CBE 442 Separation Processes David Dandy Fall 2017
1/ 2
C v Wvalve 2g
10.D4. v o,bal (10-36)
KvAv v
Given Wvalve 0.08 lb, g 32.3 ft s2 , K v,closed 33Cv 1.25, K v,open 5.5
Pressure drop in terms of inches of liquid of density L :
Wvalve Kv
h p,valve Cv v
v 02
Av L 2g L

1
Av 0.02182 ft 2 , v 0.1917 lb ft 3 , L 41.12 lb ft 3
12
1/2
1.25 .08 2 32.2
v o,bal,closed 6.83 ft sec
33 0.02182 .1917
1/ 2
1.25 .08 2 32.2
v o,bal,open 16.73 ft sec
5.5 0.02182 .1917
C v Wvalve 1.25 0.08 lb
At balance point, h p,valve
Av L 0.02182 ft 3 41.14 lb ft 3

0.1115 ft 1.338 in liquid

33 .1917
closed: h p,valve v 02 for v 0 6.83
2 32.2 41.12
3
2.39 10 v 02 ft 2.87 10 2
v 02 inches
5.5 .1917
open: h p,valve v 02 for v 0 16.73
2 32.2 41.12
4
3.98 10 v 02 ft 4.78 10 3
v 02 inches

10.D5. New problem in 4th edition. From DePriester chart at bottom of column, T = 193oC.
T 193 273.1 466.1 K (almost pure n-heptane at bottom). H
12.D3. Mass Balance: Vy IN Lx IN y out V Lx , Equil., y x
p tot
pMW 1 100.2
HVx0.163Lxlb/ft 3HVx 0.684 42.68 lb/ft 3 , 20
Substitute
v equil. M.B. Lx
RT into1.314 466.1
IN
, L L x IN 62.4
x
p tot p tot
Liquid density will not change drastically with temperature.
Need L V . HVx
First, find y at
10.96 10 of0.4
intersection
10 6 lines.
operating
Solve p tot 6 6
0.274 atm
L x IN 100 x
L 2 10 .9990.4y 10
Top Operating Line Slope .8
H 10.96 V .999 .5
6
b. y x
y out.999p .8 out.4990.274 0.4
0.5998 10 16.0 10 6
tot
Can also do graphically, with Kremser equation (trial and error) or by solving mass balance first,
260
L 6
y out x in x out 16 10 Then p tot H x out yout 0.274 atm.
V

12.D4. Mass bal. yin Vin Lin x in yout V Lx out

L L L
y out y in x in x out x in x out 12 0.0002 0.00001 0.00228
V V V
L L
Op. Eq., y x y in x out
V V
Points yin , x out 0.0, 0.00001 and yout , x in 0.00228, 0.0002 are on op. line.
See graph. (Can also use Kremser equation for this problem.)
CBE 442 Separation Processes David Dandy Fall 2017

12.D9. New problem in 4th edition. Equilibrium is y123 ( H123 / p) x123 (23.78 / .75) x123 31.707 x123
10, 000kg / h
L 555.06kmol / h, S 1000 /18.016 55.506, L L S 499.556,
18.016kg / kmol
V V 20, L / V 27.75, L / V 24.978
Top operating line: y123 ( L / V ) x123 y123,out ( L / V ) x123,in , slope = L/V = 27.75 and goes
304
through point (x123,in, y123,out). Plot the top operating line and step off 2 stages (see graph). Find
x123, S 78.5.
External mass balance: x123,out Lxin Vyout SxS / L 10.7 ppm
Bottom operating line: y123 ( L / V ) x123 y123,in ( L / V ) x123,out , Slope L /V 24.978,
and goes through point ( x123,out , y123,in ) . Plot operating line and step off stages. Six stages is
more than sufficient.

12.D10. New problem in 4th edition

Must have xout,CCl4 < 0.1(1000) = 100 ppm (mol) & xout,dichloro < 200 ppm (mol).
Use Kremser for one solute to determine stages it is controlling solute and gives value of N if it
either requires more stages than other.
mCcl4 = HCCl4/p = 211.19/1.2 = 175.99; mCCl4V/L = (175.99)(3)/200 = 2.63985,
mdichloro = Hdichloro/p = 137.0/1.2 = 114.2; mdichloroV/L = 3(114.2)/200 = 1.713, L/mV = 0.5837.
For both solutes: yN+1 = 0, x*N = yN+1/m = 0, and Kremser equations for N and mole fractions are,
xN x *N 1 (mV / L) L x0 x *N L
ln[(1 )( ) ]
x0 x *N 1 (mV / L) N 1 mV x N x *N mV 305
 R y1* yin 0.00781 0.0003 R
Slope 7.5858, and E min 19.77.
EminProcesses
CBE 442 Separation xin xout 0.0011 0.00011 slope David Dandy Fall 2017

13.D3. From M.B. R .013 E .001 R .007 E yout

Where R = 100 and the unknowns are E and yout. and Equilibrium:
yout 1.613 x out 1.613 .007 0.01129
R .013 .007 100 0.006
S Eif recovery > 95%
c. For o-xy check 58.309 kg h
y out 0.001 0.01129 0.001
R
Alternative Solution: 1 Equilibrium 1
y1 Stage,
y1* treating similar
mE
to a flash isyeasiest.
1 unknown, y N 1 0
Eq. (13-11a)
y 1.613x y N 1 y1 *
R
N 1 *
y1 mx 0 0.15 0.005 0.00075
1
mE
R 0.0592592 1.613
0.39506, N 4.012
mE 0.15
y y 0.01129
out
R from graph
1 R
* mE * 1 0.39506
R 0.001 0.00075 0.01129 0.0029194
y y N 1 y1 y1 0.00075
E 1.715
1 R
N 1
1 0.39506
5.012

1 E 0.013 0.007

mE R
E 58.309
External M.B. Ey1 R x N Ey N 1 R x 0 1.715
.001 Rx 0 Ey1 5 16875 .00029194
xN x R .013 7.3584 E 5
x out .007 1000
Alternative: Ey1
% Recovery 100 98.53%
Rx 0 Op.Line:
E, y1 R, x Eq.
0 S 10.0 2 MF x x
13.D14. (was 14.D4. in 2nd ed.) y a) 0
F 15.0 3 SM R R
y2 x1 y1 x0
Once have M, use trial-and-error to find tie through M. (final result E is shown).E This
Or 1 gives E and R. y A .115, y1 y w 0.04, x A .23, x w .73.
b) Plot raffinate, R x A .1 . Find tie line throughRthis Points x1 , y 2 , This
x 0 ,gives
y1
E point
Slope(not trial-and-error).
E. Draw Line ER. Intersection with line SF gives M.
OnOp.Line
R, x1 S S MF
E, y 2 . Find S 85.7 kg/h.
F 15.0 SM But x1 and y1 unknown
x
where y 2 y1,in y2 y1,IN x1

If Eq. line is straight, can Use Kremser with N=1.Both representations are correct.
13.D4. New problem in 4th edition. Since concentrations are low, use wt. fractions and total flow
rates. Equilibrium: y 0.828 x or m 0.828
R 400 lb h, E 560 lb h, x 0 0.005, y N 1 =0.0001, x N 0.00046, y N 1 0.0001,
*
mE R 1.1592, x =y N 1 /m=0.0001/0.828=0.0001208
N

328

13.D15. Since dilute, use Kremser equations. Assume units are weight fractions.
a) Column 1 at 40C. x N 0.0008, N 11,, x 0 0.01, E 1000,, R 100
Equilibrium: m 0.1022, thus y1* mx 0 0.001022. Kremser (Eq. 13-11a):

337
15.D2. Taking the ratio of Eq. (15-22c) at the unknown T and at T =298.16,
exp[ Eo / (TR )]
CBED (T )Separation
442 D (298.16)
Processes = 1.52E-09 for T = 335.18K. Flux David Dandy Fall 2017
exp[ Eo / (298.16 R )]
dC A
dC A m2/s. Eq. (15-9), JFA, z 2 D
15.D1. Dprop,water = 0.87E-9 12
(9DAB20/ L1)(2C A, L C A,0 ) . Let C A,0 = 5
J A, z DAB ( DAB /GL)(C A, L C A,0 ) AB(1.52
dz 10
G flood 2 / 0.0001)(0.9701
1.16 0.749 1.2)lb ft
0.35
2 10
3
dz flood
F 1 48
1.2 kg/m be the known value, C A, L can be larger or smaller than C A,0 . For smaller C A, L we
14
The temperature
C A, L =1.2 can be found with Goal Seek F 1= from a spread sheet, but
have: (0.2E-5)(0.0001)/0.87E-9 0.9701 48 one has to trick Goal Seek
14

into working. Multiply the desired Dia 1 and the Dia 2

calculated fluxes by 4.68
1,000,000 5.83 Goal
and have ft Seek
If it is larger value,
match these two values. then C A , L =1.2 +(0.2E-5)(0.0001)/0.87E-9
F 2 = 1.430
20
b. In Eq. (16-37)th 2 141, 1 55, Dcol 2 same .
15.D2. Taking
15.D3. the ratio
New problem in of
4 Eq. (15-22c)
edition. BAat= the unknown
benzoic acid.T and at T =298.16,
Cm=Estimate
(865000 g tol/m h p ~exp[
3
10 mol
)(1 ftEo(we know
/ (TR it will be less3 than before), SC,V is unchanged, terms in
)] g)=9390mol/m
tol/92.14
D (TxBA,1,surf,tol
) D (298.16) = 123.1 xBA,Water = 1.52E-09 for T = 335.18K. Flux
denominator exp[ E= /123.1(0.00212)=0.261
are unchanged. o(298.16 R )]
13
13
dC A D1 hCp 1 10 1C xBA,1C ) (1.5 55910
10 10
)(9.39)
9 1 0.261 5
J A, zH G,EDN
1ABBA BA( D
tol T
AB ln/ L )( A , L1 3 H G,E
A ,0 2 (1.52 / 0.0001)(0.9701
ln 1.33 0.40 ft1.2) 0.35 10
dz 2 L h 2 110 x 141
0.20 22 1 0
p BA,2
-5
= 2.13x10
The temperature
In mol/(m
Eq. (16-38), can2s)
be1found0.045 ,
with Goal 2 from
Seek 0.07 a ,spread
h p 1 sheet,
10but
, hone
p 2
has to22
trick
. Goal Seek
into working. Multiply the desired and the calculated fluxes by 1,000,000 and have Goal Seek
Ifmatch
use dilute
C f ,L , and SC,L unchanged.
these approximation,
two values. obtain incorrect result
0.15 0.15
hp 1
DBA tol1CTin 4th1edition. 10 29acid. 0.045 10
15.D3. NewHproblem
N L,E ( x x ) BA =(1.5
benzoic
H L,E )(9390) 0.83 50.47
(03 0.261) 1.84x10 mol /ft m 2s
BA, dilute BA2
,2 3 hBA,1 2 0.07 22
L g tol/m )(1 mol
Cm= (865000 p 0.20
tol/92.14 g)=9390mol/m
xBA,1,surf,tol= 123.1 xBA,Water= 123.1(0.00212)=0.261
15.D4. a.
16.D3. In 0.0875 cm2/s, b.section,
the enriching 0.096 cm2/s, c. 0.175 cm2/s, d. 0.096 cm2/s.
HETP H ln( DBA/ Ltol)C/ T[(mV 1/ L)xBA1]
mV ,1 and H (1.5 10H 9 mV )(9.39)
/ L lnH1G 0.261
N OG
15.D5. Use ArrheniusBAform in Eq. ln
(15-22c) but for mole OG
fraction L
0.0332 instead of1 infinite dilution. Write
L 1 xBA,2 0.20 0
With H
the equationL 0.827, H
for both known
G 1.33, m / ( L / V ) 0.63 / (5 / 8),
temperatures and divide one of these H 2.16, and HETP = 2.15 The
OG equations by the other. (from
-5 2
constant
= 2.13x10
Example D16-2).
o divides
mol/(mout.
With s)theTake
samethe natural
mass log of
transfer both sides but
coefficients, andmsolve for E/R. The result is
= 0.577,
H [0.577 DAB/ (5
(T1/)8)]0.83
1 1.331 2.10 and HETP 2.10ln(0.9232) / (.9232 1) 2.19 ft
E OG
If / R Ldilute
use ln approximation,
26.3 /.0011obtain incorrectLresult
max DAB (Tin2 )both Tmass
A 24.4% increase 2 Ttransfer
1 28.93coefficients
, act gives H.L Basis
26.04 1.244(0.83)
V = 1, then 1.033 and
L = 26.04.
The V
D C .0011 .0001 (1.5 10 V
9
)(9390)
H G constant
N BA,dilute BA tol DT o can be
1.244(1.33) ( x 1.65 found
x . ) from the known conditions(0 at0.261)
T1 1.84x10 mol / m 2s
5

DL
BA,2 L E / ( RT )] 0.20
BA,1
D (T ) / exp[
For m = 0.63, o HABOG 1y[0.63
out / (5x/in8)]1.033 x out
1 26.04 2.69
1.65 .001 and0.02604
Or from the known conditions V at T 2 . The results are: E/R = 21348.3, E = 2677.6 cal/mol, DAB
HETP
15.D4. a. 0.0875 cm
(x=0.0332, 2.69ln[0.63
2
/s, b. 0.096
T=300) / (5
cm
= 1.31310 / 8)]
2
/s,-9/c.
m[0.63
0.175
2L
/s. / (5
cm /28)
26.04/s, d.1]0.096
2.68
cm. /s.
*
With the same mass transfer
x A,out 0,
coefficients,
0.9895
but with m = 0.577, H OG 2.61 and HETP = 2.71.
15.D5. Use Arrhenius form mV 26.316
th in Eq. (15-22c) but for mole fraction 0.0332 instead of infinite dilution. Write
15.D6. New
A problem in 4Eq. inedition. Solution Partcoefficients
a:
the24.4%
The
Use
first
decrease
Colburn
equation
item for
of both
business
both
(16-34b),
known is
mass
to
transfer
temperatures
put the VP and dividegives:
one of these equations by the other. The
water into the same units as the total pressure so that we
For m = 0.63,
constant Do dividesH1L out. 0.63,Take H G the1.01, H OG
natural log 1.65,
0.0011 0HETP
of both 1.64
sides and solve for E/R. The result is
n OL
can determine the boundary n condition
0.010488at z = 0. .9895 9.51
For m = 0.577, DABH(LT1 ) 0.63,1H G 1 1.01, H0.0001
0.010488 OG 1.59,0 HETP 1.65 .
E / R ln /
Clearly, the variation
DAB (T2 )hin mass T0.84
2
transfer
T1 9.51coefficients
7.99 m results in a large range for HETP (from 1.64 to
2.69 feet for m = 0.63) while the small change in m had little effect. To be safe the larger value
TheCanconstant Do canEq. be (16-63)
found from the known conditions at T1 393
of HETP check
= 2.69with would be used. and Thisget safetyn OL
is asame factor of 1.20. Note that Bolles and Fair (1982)

recommend Do a safetyDAB (Tfactor

1 ) / exp[ of upE to / (1.70.
RT1 )]
16.D9. OrForfrom the known
example, if nO conditions
ED 1, we athave T2. forThetheresults are: mixed
perfectly E/R = 1348.3,
model, E = 2677.6 cal/mol, DAB
(x=0.0332, T=300) = 1.31310 nd -9m2/s.
16.D4. (was problem 15.D4 in the 2 edition) Since we have total reboiler, y s,in 0.04
nO ED
EMD 1/ 2 q .6 Part a:
15.D6. NewFeed
problemnO in
1 line: 4th edition.
ED q .6, Solution 1.5 . Plot this and operating lines (see figure).
The first item of business
For the plug flow model, q-1
is to .4
put the VP water into the same units as the total pressure so that we
can determine
E 1 exp(theL nOboundary
) L1 condition
exp( 1) at 0.632
zL= 0. L D 0.9
MD
Top: y x ED1 x D where 0.474
For same valueVof nO ED the V plug flow modelV always
1 LD 1.9 a higher stage efficiency.
predicts

yin
393
407
dy

16.D10. For both countercurrent and cocurrent n OG . For both cases

yout y y*
* *
y 0, and y y y , then
yin
dy yin 0.01
n OG n n 4.6
y y 0.0001
CBE 442 Separation Processes David Dandy Fall 2017

18.D3. Same problem as in 3rd edition, but change in data for a changes answer for pr.
K solv
Since no concentration polarization x w xr x out , J solv pr pp a x r x p
t ms
J solv K solv
Solve for pr pp a x r xp , 33.29, J solv 415.4
K solv t ms t ms
xp
R 1 xp 1 R x out , R 0.9804
x out
1 xF
and M.B. xp , 0.22, x F 0.0077 445
xF 0.0077 0.22
Then, x out 0.0098175
1 0.78
1 R 1 0.9804
0.22
x in x out 0.10 0.05
xp 1 R FPx outFin 0.0001924
y x 0.6935 0.05
0.0777
P out
At 40oC a =736.6fromEq.(814h)
P 0.3065 10.5 0.6935 9.72 9.959
Then p r 415.4 / 33.29 1.1 736.6 0.0098175 0.0001924 = 20.67 atm.
0.0777
Tin Tout 30 C 9.959 47.8 C
CPL,in 0.0435
xw 4.625 / 997000 g/m3
18.D4. a. M exp ( J / ) k exp 1.069
18.D15. xr x P 1 R M x r 0 .
RT curve: solv solv
6.94 10 5
Mass balance
1 x perfectly mixedMx x Fin x r,in FP x P Fout x r,out
P r P
b.
Fin x a
Since xP x P pr0, xpr,out
P Mx r x P
r,in
Fout
1 3.6 E 4 1.069 0.054 3.6 E 4 1
Fout Fin FP FP Fin 1 2.29
3.6 E 4 75 12 0.8 . 0.054
1.069 Then 3.6 E 4 59.895 atm
Fin Fin Fin Fout 0.8
K solv J solv 1 4.625 g
x r,out 0.10 0.125 , Fout 0.8Fin 80 kg h 0.0665 2
tms pr p p a Mxr 0.8 xP 73 1.0689 .054 3.6 E 4 59.895 m s atm
Alternate graphical solution gives same result.
K K solv
Since K solv K A , K A K solv and A
6.5 Op.line t ms t ms
g 1 FP Fin x r,in
0.0665 2 x x r,out
4 Kx A
P x r m s atm P 0.029F g F
xP 1 P 2 in FP Fin
t 2.29 atm ms
x r,in ms0.10 0.8
c. Write Eq. (18-37a) for old and new situations
RTcurve Divide new by old. Obtain
Slope 4
0.125 0.75 0.2 x r,in 0.10
x r x r,outknew k old new When x r,out 0, x P
Everything else divides out.
0.5
FP Fin 0.2
old
.75
Fp / Jsolv = rpm
b. Area =Since (20kg/h)(1 L)/0.997 2000 (2500 L/m2/day) 2
, k new k old kg)(24h/day)/0.000117m s = 0.193 m .
c. Gel formation occurs when xw = 0.5 and1000 xw = M xout = 0.125 M. M = 0.5/0.125 = 4.0
d. Gel formation occurs when xw = 0.5 and xw = M xout = M xF / (1 ) = 1.2 (0.1)/(1 )
18.D5. a. Then
Parts1aand =b 0.12/0.5 = 0.24
were 16D5. andc
Parts and = 0.76.
d are new in the 4th edition.
e. Gel formation occurs when xw = 0.5 and x = M x = 1.2 xF / (1 ) = 1.2 xF / (1 0.2).
K solv J 1.5 10 3 g w 1 out 5
Obtain xFsolv = 0.333. xr,out =2 xF / (1 ) = 0.3333/0.8
1.47 10 = 0.416g cm 2 s atm
f. We havet ms cm s = 102
xr,out = xpFr /(1pP ) = 0.20/0.75 atm M = xgel / xr,out = 0.5/0.26667 = 1.875.
0.26667.
First occurs when Jsolv = 2500 = k ln (M). Obtain 1 F k = F3977 L/(m2 day) -5
x in = 4.60310 m/s.
P in
g. M = 1.875RT k =R
andeq., 3977.1 Since
x P xwe Op eq.,thex Ppressures, J changes
out ,change x outwhich will change M. However
with constant stirring k is constant. First, assume FP Finno gel and calculate
FP Fin J and M.
Solved simultaneously,
p r p p obtainK solv Eq. J(18-25b), which
2500 L with M = 1 is
(m 2 kg) L
J solv K 1 solvR xtin ,
0.003 0.05
solv
x 2083.33 2
xP ms t ms p r p p 0.0002722.2 1.0
, x outbar P m day bar
0.091
1 R 1 0.997 0.45 2 1 R