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Lighting designers are increasingly turning to vides an inherently stable regulation that in parallel with the load reduces the ripple
high-power LEDs for their long life, rugged- operates over a wider line and load range current. The output capacitor also reduces
ness, flexibility, small size, and energy effi- without running into design limitations. the frequency by adding delays to the cur-
ciency. They now have access to larger rent feedback, which improves the systems
LEDs than those available just a few years The converter IC accurately regulates the efficiency by reducing switching losses.
ago1, 3, and 5 W/packagethat operate current by means of its patented time- Overload and short-circuit protection are
on currents up to 1.5 A. delayed hysteretic-control method. The over- inherent to this configuration. Implementing
all system is simple, flexible, and able to open-load protection and PWM dimming is
By integrating a floating high-side driver, power LEDs from a DC bus or directly from also easy.
IRS2540 is able to use a current-sensing a rectified AC line. Controlling current accu-
scheme that continuously monitors LED cur- rately is a challenge when the forward volt- Two variations of the high-voltage LED-con-
rent (Figure 3). age of each LED has a large manufacturing verter IC drive LED strings with forward volt-
tolerance. For example, in the case of ages as great as 200 V (IRS2540) and 600
Other controllers are limited to monitoring Lumileds popular Luxeon III emitter, the for- V (IRS2541). The design achieves efficien-
the current only during the time when the ward voltage, VF, varies around a nominal of cies greater than 85% at 175 kHz (Figure 4).
buck-converter switch is on. This allows the 3.70V from 3.03 to 4.47V for white, green, or The converter operates at PWM duty cycles
IRS2540 to realize average-current control blue, per the manufacturers datasheet. This to 100% with no stability issues above 50%
as opposed to peak-current control and pro- slightly asymmetrical tolerance allows a - as can occur in peak-current-controlled sys-
18%, +20% variation in the devices forward tems.
voltage at 700 mA. The VF also varies over
temperature, with a negative temperature Manufacturers of LCD Televisions, monitors,
coefficient of -2mV/C. At 100C, this is anoth- laptop displays, and various custom-sized
er 0.15V voltage change. Typical strings of panels are now replacing CCFL (cold-cath-
multiple LEDs further magnify these varia- ode fluorescent lamp) with LED backlighting
tions, requiring medium to high bus volt- sources, which offer substantial advantages.
ages. The LED-based backlighting system
expands the palette of reproducible hues by
The IRS2540 achieves accurate current as much as 45 percent. LED-based systems
control with a simple design that is inherent- have already achieved 105% reproduction of
ly stable and requires no complex circuit the NTSC color space compared with the
analysis. Because this method uses continu- best CCFL lit LCD TVs, which only repro-
ous-current mode, the design must limit duce 65-75%. Not even a CRT (cathode-ray
stress during hard switching. It achieves this tube) display can match the color reproduc-
simply by controlling the control-circuits tion and brightness of an LED-based sys-
delays. The designs peak currents are far tem. An LED-based system also has the
smaller than in a peak-current control-mode potential for dynamic tuning to reproduce
topology. As a result, the LED converter can images with even greater accuracy.
use smaller, more efficient MOSFET switch-
es and a smaller inductor. PCIM 12/202
Figure 4: The IRS2540 and its sibling, the
IRS2541, support bus voltages as large as The control-circuit delays do cause a current
www.irf.com
200 and 600 V, respectively. ripple in the inductor, but an output capacitor