P 1000 Words 2

1200+ English words with Tamil meaning and Example sentences!
Peace (gP];) - mikjp.

Nghu; mikjpf;F toptFj;jJ.
Ex : War was giving way to peace.
Produce (g;nuhbA];) - cw;gj;jp.

,e;j njhopw;rhiy ntbnghUl;fis cw;gj;jp nra;fpwJ.
Ex : This factory produces ammunition.
Sell (nry;) - tpw;gid nra;.

,e;j Gj;jfk; [g;ghdpy; ed;whf tpw;fgid nra;ag;gl;lJ.
Ex : This book sold well in Japan.
Vigorous (tpNfhupa];) - jPtpukhd.

jPtpukhd clw;gapw;rp cq;fSf;F tpau;f;f nra;fpwJ.
Ex : Vigorous exercise makes you sweat.
Symmetry (rpnkl;up) - rkr;rPu;.

jkpo;ehL rkr;rPu; fy;tp Kiwia nfhz;Ls;sJ.
Ex : TamilNadu has a symmetrical educatiuon system.
Avarice (mtiu];) - Nguhir.

mts; Nguhirf;F ngau; Nghdts;.
Ex : She was notorious for avarice.
Keen (fPd;) - $upa.

mts; murpaypy; $upa MHtj;ij fhl;bdhs;.
Ex : She shows a keen interest in politics.
Perdict (gphpbf;l;) - fzpf;f.

vd;dhy; mtis fzpf;f Kbatpy;iy.
Ex : I can't predict her.
Incarcerate (,d;Nfu;fpupNal;) - rpiwg;gLj;J.

gyH jpUl;L tof;fpw;fhf rpiwg;gLj;jg;gl;ldH.
Ex : Many are incarcerated for theft cases.
Eager (<fu;) - MHtkpf;f.

ehd; fzpjk; mwpe;J nfhs;s MHtkhf ,Uf;fpNwd;.
Ex : I am eager to learn math.
Accessible (mf;];rrpgpy;) - milaj;jf;f.

,e;j efuk; NgUe;J %yk; milaj;jf;fjhf cs;sJ.
Ex : This town is accessible by bus.
Nod (NehL) - xg;Gf; nfhs;.

uh[h jdJ tzpf xg;ge;jj;jpw;F xg;Gf; nfhz;lhu;.
Ex : Raja nodded his business agreement.
Abyss (mgp];) - ghjhsk;.
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ehl;bd; nghUshjhu tPo;r;rp ghjshj;jpw;F js;sg;glyhk;.
Ex : The country might plunge into the abyss of economic ruin.
Acerbity (mfu;gpl;b) - fLfLg;Gj;jd;ik.

fLfLg;Gj;jd;ik nfhz;l Mrpupaupd; Fuy; rpW Foe;ijia mo itj;jJ.
Ex : The acerbity in the teachers tone made the small child to cry.
Acumen (mf;Fnkd;) - Gj;jp $u;ik.

ePq;fs; xU ntw;wpfukhd kfpo;Te;J tpw;gidahsuhf ,Uf;f mjpf Gj;jpf; $u;ik Njit.
Ex : You need more acumen to become a successful car salesperson.
Intention (,d;nld;rd;) - Nehf;fk;.

mts; KOikahf ey;y Nehf;fq;fis nfhz;bUe;jhs;.
Ex : She was full of good intentions.
Adjacent (ml;[rd;l;) - mUfpYs;s.

,e;j tpisahl;L muq;fk; gs;spf;F mUfpy; cs;sJ.
Ex : This stadium is adjacent to the school.
Adjourn (ml;[ha;u;d;) - js;sp it.

$l;lkhdJ brk;gu; 4 tiu js;spitf;fg;gl;lJ.
Ex : The meeting was adjourned till December 4.
Benefit (ngdpgpl;) - ed;ik.

,e;j jpl;lj;jpdhy; Vio kf;fs; ed;ik milthu;fs;.
Ex : The poor people will get benefit from this law.
Arrival (miuty;) - tUif.

mtu; vq;fspd; tUiff;F gpd; tpiutpy; ntspNawpdhu;.
Ex : He left soon after our arrival.
Advise (ml;it];) - mwpTiu.

mtd; vdf;F Gif gpbf;f $lhJ vd;W mwpTiu $wpdhd;.
Ex : He advised me not to smoke.
Aghast (mf];l;) - gaj;jhy; jpif.

nra;jp ntspNa te;j NghJ mtu;fs; gaj;jhy; jpifj;J ,Ue;jd.
Ex : When the news came out they were aghast.
Agog (mNfhf;) - MtYld; vjpu;ghu;j;J.

ehd; MtYld; yz;lid fhz vjpu;ghu;j;J ,Uf;fpNwd;.
Ex : I am agog to see London.
Agriculture (mf;upfy;ru;) - tptrhak;.

epiwa ehLfs; tptrhaj;ij ek;gpNa cs;sJ.
Ex : Many countries depend on agriculture.
Scam (];fk;) - Coy;.

mtUf;F vg;NghJk; Coypy; <LgLthH.
Ex : He is always involved in scams.
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Besmirch (ng];kpu;r;) - fyq;fg;gLj;J.
mtu;> mtDila FLk;gj;jpd; ew;ngaiu fyq;fg;gLj;jpdhd;.
Ex : He had besmirched the good name of his family.
Rivulet (uptpAnyl;) - rpw;whW.

,e;j rpw;whW rpwpa mstpy; cs;sJ.
Ex : This rivulet is in small size.
Rude (&L) - Kul;Lj;jdkhd.

mtu; xU Kul;Lj;jdkhd egu;.
Ex : He is a rude person.
Provoke (GuNthf;) - J}z;L.

mtu; vg;NghJk; xU tpthjj;ij J}z;btpl Kaw;rp nra;thu;.
Ex : He was always trying to provoke an argument.
Rueful (&Gy;) - Jauk; kpf;f.

mts; xU Jau; kpf;f rpupg;gpid ntspg;gLj;jpdhs;.
Ex : She gave a rueful grin.
Sacred (Nrf;upL) - Gdpjkhd.

gRf;fs; ,e;Jf;fspd; Gdpjkhd tpyq;fhf cs;sJ.
Ex : Cows are sacred animals to Hindus.
Inflation (,d;gpyhrd;) - gztPf;fk;.

ehd;F rjtPj gztPf;fk; ,e;j Mz;L ,Uf;Fk; vd;W fzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Ex : Four percent inflation is forecast for this year.
Community (fk;kpAdpl;b) - rKjhak;.

mtu; rKjha jiytu; Mthu;.
Ex : He is a community leader.
Sharp (rhu;g;) - $u;ikahd.

,e;j fj;jp kpfTk; $u;ikahdjhf cs;sJ.
Ex : This knife is very sharp.
Suitable (R+l;lGy;) - nghUj;jkhd.

ePq;fs; ,e;j Ntiyf;F nghUj;jkhdtu;.
Ex : You are suitable for this job.
Ardent (Mu;ld;l;) - jPtpukhd.

mtu; xU jPtpukhd $ilg;ge;J urpfu;.
Ex : He is an ardent basketball fan.
Accept (mf;rg;l;) - xg;Gf; nfhs;.

ehq;fs; mtuJ miog;ig xg;Gf; nfhz;Nlhk;.
Ex : We accepted his invitation.
Defy (nlgp) - vjpu;j;J epy;.

ehd; xUKiw mtu;fis vjpu;j;J epw;f Kaw;rpj;Njd;.
Ex : I tried to defy them once.
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Exquisite (vf;];fpArpl;) - mofpa.
mts; mofpa Kfk; nfhz;Ls;shs;.
Ex : She has an exquisite face.
Dune (LA+d;) - kzy;NkL.

mts; kzy;Nkl;il Nehf;fp ele;jhs;.
Ex : She walked towards the dune.
Unavoidable (md;tha;lgpy;) - jtpu;f;f Kbahj.

Nghu; jtpu;f;f KbahjjhFk;.
Ex : War was unavoidable.
Forum (ghu;k;) - nghJ kd;wk;.

Ntl;ghsu;fs; nghJ kd;wj;jpy; $bdhu;fs;.
Ex : The candidates are assembled in forum.
Miner (ikdu;) - Ruq;fj; njhopyhsu;fs;.

Ruq;fj; njhopyhsu;fs; Cjpa cau;T Nfhup Ntiy epWj;jk; nra;jdu;.
Ex : The miners went on strike for a wage increase.
Invent (,d;ntd;l;) - Gjpjhff; fz;Lgpb.

jhk]; my;th vbrdhy; xsp tpsf;F Gjpjhf fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ.
Ex : Thomas Alva Edison invented the light bulb.
Crowd (fpuTL) - $l;lk;.

G+q;fhtpy; xU ngupa $l;lk; ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : There was a large crowd in the park.
Share (N\u;) - gfpu;.

mtd; goq;fis mtSld; gfpu;e;J nfhz;lhs;.
Ex : He shared the fruits with her.
Saint (nra;d;l;) - Jwtp.

mtu; xU Jwtp Nghy ebj;jhu;.
Ex : He acted like a saint.
Pardon (nglu;d;) - kd;dpg;G.

jhkjkhf te;jjw;F vd;id kd;dpAq;fs;.
Ex : Pardon me for coming late.
Invade (,d;ntL) - gilnaLg;G.

`pl;yu; 1939 Mk; Mz;by; Nghye;J kPJ gilnaLj;jhu;.
Ex : Hitler invaded Poland in 1939.
Hoard (`hu;L) - Nrfupg;G.

mtd; jdJ gLf;if fPo; xU ngl;bapy; gzk; Nrfupj;J itj;J ,Ue;jhd;.
Ex : He hoarded the money in a box under his bed.
Few (g;gpA+) - rpy.

mtUf;F rpy ez;gu;fs; ,Ue;jdu;.
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Ex : He had few friends.
Active (Mf;bt;) - RWRWg;ghd.

rpy tpyq;Ffs; ,utpy; RWRWg;ghf ,Uf;Fk;.
Ex : Some animals are active at night.
Affair (mg;igau;) - tptfhuk; .

,e;j tptfhuk; mtiu gpugyg;gLj;jpaJ.
Ex : This affair made him famous.
Rare (Nuu;) - mupa.

,J xU mupa kugZ NfhshW cs;sJ.
Ex : It is a rare genetic disorder.
Ago (mNfh) - Kd;.

mtu; Ie;J epkplq;fSf;F Kd; nrd;whu;.
Ex : He went five minutes ago.
Award (mthu;L) - tpUJ.

ey;y kjpg;ngz;fSf;fhf mtu;fSf;F tpUJ fpilj;jJ.
Ex : They got an award for good marks.
Detest (bnl];l;) - kpfTk; ntW.

mtu;fs; Kw;wpYk; xUtUf;nfhUtu; kpfTk; ntWj;jdu;.
Ex : They absolutely detested each other.
Tragic (bnu[pf;) - Jauk; epiwe;j.

uh[h xU Jauk; epiwe;j tpgj;jpy; gypahdhu;.
Ex : Raja died in a tragic accident.
Yore (Nahu;) - goq;fhyk;.

goq;fhy ehl;fspy;> ,iza trjp ,y;iy.
Ex : In the days of yore, the Internet did not exist.
Hale (N`y;) - tYf;fl;lhakhf ,O.

mtd; taJ Kjpu;ej ; kdpjiu $l;lj;jpypUe;J ntspNa tYf;fl;lhakhf ,Oj;jhd;.
Ex : He haled an old man out of the crowd.
Accelerometer (Mf;ryNuhkPl;lu;) - KLf;fkhdp.

KLf;fkhdp rupahd KLf;fj;ij mstpLk; xU rhjdk; MFk;.
Ex : An accelerometer is a device that measures proper acceleration.
Amplifier (Mk;g;ypigau;) - ngUf;fp.

ngUf;fpfs; gutyhf midj;J kpd;dZ cgfuzq;fspYk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
Ex : Amplifiers are widely used in almost all electronic equipment.
Battery (Ngl;lup) - kpd;fyk;.

kpd;fyq;fs; ,e;j fzpdpia ,af;FfpwJ.
Ex : This computer runs on batteries.
Automatic (Ml;NlhNkl;bf;) - jhdpaq;fp.
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mtsplk; xU jhdpaq;fp ryit ,ae;jpuk; cs;sJ.
Ex : She has an automatic washing machine.
Atom (Ml;lk;) - mZ.

mZf;fs; kpfTk; rpwpait MFk;.
Ex : Atoms are very small.
Energy (vdu;[p) - Mw;wy;.

R+upa Mw;wy; xU Gjpa Mw;wy; %ykhFk;.
Ex : Solar energy is a new source of energy.
Transformer (buhd;];ghu;k;ku;) - kpd;khw;wp.

kpd;khw;wpfs; kpd;dOj;jj;ij mjpfupf;f my;yJ Fiwf;f gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
Ex : Transformers are used to increase or decrease the voltages.
Electron (vyf;l;uhd;) - vjpu;kpd; madp.

vjpu;kpd; madpahdJ n[.n[.jhk;rdhy; fz;lwpag;gl;lJ.
Ex : The electron invented by J.J.Thomson
Electricity (vyf;l;uprpl;b) - kpd;rhuk;.

kpd;rhuk; kpfTk; gaDs;sjhf ,Uf;fpwJ.
Ex : Electricity is very useful.
Radiation (NubNard;) - fjpu;tPr;R.

ePq;fs; ifalf;f njhiyNgrpfs; fjpu;tPr;Rfis ckpOk; vd;W epidf;fpwPu;fsh?
Ex : Do you think mobile phones emit radiation?
Abundant (mgd;ld;l;) - Vuhskhd.

M];jpNuypahtpy; fdpkq;fs; Vuhskhf fpilf;fpd;wd.
Ex : In Australia abundant of minerals are available.
Support (rg;Nghu;l;) - MjuT.

mts; jdJ FLk;gj;jpw;F kpfTk; ey;y Mjuthf cs;shs;.
Ex : She supports her family very well.
Audacity (mlhrpl;b) - ijupak;.

ehd; cq;fs; ijupaj;ij ghu;j;J jpiff;fpNwd;.
Ex : I was amazed at your audacity.
Elect (vyf;l;) - Nju;e;njL.

mtu; mzpapd; jiytuhf Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;lhu;.
Ex : He was elected captain of the team.
Audible (Mbagpy;) - Nfl;ff;$ba.

uh[htpd; nkd;ikahd Fuy; $l;lj;jpy; Nfl;ff;$bajhf ,y;iy.
Ex : Rajas soft voice was not audible in the crowd.
Avid (mtpL) - Mu;tKs;s.

mtu; mwptpay; Gidfijapy; Mu;tKs;s thrfu;.
Ex : He is an avid reader of science fiction novel.
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Incident (,d;rpld;l;) - rk;gtk;.
me;j rk;gtk; mtiu kpfTk; gpugyg;gLj;jpaJ.
Ex : That incident made him very famous.
Damage (NlNk[;) - Nrjk;.

kfpo;Te;J tpgj;jpy; Nkhrkhf Nrjkile;jJ.
Ex : The car was badly damaged in the accident.
Jettison (n[l;brd;) - mfw;Wjy;.

vd; kdjpypUe;J nfl;l epidTfis mfw;WtJ vd KbT nra;Js;Nsd;.
Ex : I have decided to jettison the bad memories from my mind.
Thief (jPg;) - jpUld;.

fhty;fhuu; jpUlid nfhs;isabj;jjw;fhf ifJ nra;jhu;.
Ex : The policeman arrested the thief for the robbery.
Axis (Mf;rp];) - mr;R.

tiuglkhdJ ,uz;L ntt;NtW mr;Rfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
Ex : The graph has two different axises.
Angle (Vq;fpy;) - Nfhzk;.

xU rJuk; ehd;F Nfhzq;fisf; nfhz;lJ.
Ex : A square has four angles.
Vertical (ntu;l;bf;fpy;) - nrq;Fj;jhd.

mtu; jhspy; rpy nrq;Fj;J NfhLfis tiue;jhu;.
Ex : He draw some vertical lines on the paper.
Bracket (gpuhf;fl;) - milg;Gf;Fwp.

FwpaPLfs; milg;Gf;Fwpf;Fs; toq;fg;gLk;.
Ex : Symbols are given in brackets.
Altitude (my;bbA+L) - Fj;Jauk;.

,e;j kiy 3000 kPl;lu; Fj;Jauj;jpy; cs;sJ.
Ex : This mountain has an altitude of 3,000 meters.
Acute angle (mf;Fapl; Vd;fpy;) - FWq;Nfhzk;.

FWq;Nfhzk; 90 ghifia tpl Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk; rpwpa Nfhzk; MFk;.
Ex : The acute angle is the small angle which is less than 90 degree.
Horizontal (ùprhd;ly;) - fpilkl;lk;.

,J xU fpilkl;lf; NfhL MFk;.
Ex : It is a horizontal line.
Degree (bfpup) - ghif.

180 ghiff; NfhzkhdJ xU miutl;lk; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
Ex : An angle of 180 degree is called a semi circle.
Obtuse angle (mg;bA]; Vd;fpy;) - tpupNfhzk;.

90 ghifiatpl mjpfkhfTk; 180 ghifiatpl FiwthfTk; cs;s Nfhzk; tpupNfhzk;
MFk;.
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Ex : The obtuse angle is more than 90 degree and less than 180 degree.
Graph (fpuhg;) - tiu glk;.

vd;dhy; ,e;j tiuglj;ij Gupe;J nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy.
Ex : I dont understand this graph.
Denim (nlkpd;) - gUj;jpj; Jzp.

mtd; fUePy gUj;jpj; Jzpahyhd rl;ilia mzpe;jpUe;jhd;.
Ex : He weared a dark blue denim Shirt.
Desert (nlru;l;) - iftplg;gl;l.

mtd; jdJ ez;gu;fshy; iftplg;gl;lhd;.
Ex : He was deserted by his friends.
Glaciers (fpNyrpa];) - gdpg;ghiw.

gdpg;ghiwfs; nkJthf cUFk;.
Ex : Glaciers melting slowly.
Horrific (ùpgpf;) - gak; cz;lhf;Ffpw.

New;W ,uT gak; cz;lhf;Ffpw tpgj;J ele;jJ.
Ex : Horrific accident happened at yesterday night.
Inward (,d;thu;L) - cs;Nehf;fp.

fjT cs;Nehf;fp jpwe;J ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : The door was open inward.
Intruder (,d;l;Ulu;) - mioahJ Eiogtu;.

mtd; Nkyhsu; miwf;F mioahky; Eioe;jhd;.
Ex : He intruder into manager cabin.
Liberal (ypguy;) - jhuhskhd.

mtu; jdJ gzj;jpy; jhuhskhf ,Uf;fpwhu;.
Ex : He is very liberal with his money.
Jew ([pA+) - A+ju;.

mtu;fs; A+ju;fspd; thu;j;ijapy; ek;gpf;if nfhz;ltu;fs;.
Ex : They believe in jews words.
Merit (nkupl;) - jFjp.

mtuJ jFjpahd Ntiy mtiu Kjy; ,lj;jpw;F nfhz;L nrd;wJ.
Ex : His merit work gives him first place.
Suburb (rg;ug;) - Gwefu;.

mtsJ tPL Gwefupy; cs;sJ.
Ex : Her home is in the suburbs.
Cluster (fpy];lu;) - jpushf R+o;e;jpU.

Rw;Wyh gazpfs; mtu;fSila topfhl;bia Rw;wp jpushf R+o;ej
; pUe;jdu;.
Ex : The tourists clustered around their guide.
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Complete (fk;g;yPl;) - KOikahd.
,e;j Gj;jfk; me;j ,lj;jpd; tuyhw;iw KOikahf tpsf;FfpwJ.
Ex : This book explains the complete history of the place.
Deluge (nlY[;) - toq;F.

mtu;fs; Ntiyf;fhf tpz;zg;gq;fis toq;fpdhu;fs;.
Ex : They were deluged with applications for the job.
Distrust (b];bnu];l;) - mtek;gpf;if.

mtu; ,jw;F Kd; xU Kiw mtsplk; ngha; nrhd;djhy;> mtu; kPJ mtek;gpf;if
nfhz;bUf;fpwhs;.
Ex : She distrusts him, because he lied to her once before.
Glorify (FNyhupig) - kfpikgLj;J.

,ir> flTis kfpikgLj;j gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
Ex : Music is used to glorify God.
Glue (FY) - gir.

vdf;F gir Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : I need glue.
Murky (Ku;fp) - ,Uz;l.

,e;jf; ,Uz;l Fifia Muha cq;fSf;F ntspr;rk; Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : You will need light to explore this murky cave.
Outskirt (mTl;];fpu;l;) - Gwefu;g; gFjp.

mtu;fs; nrd;idapd; Gwefu;g; gFjpapy; tho;fpwhu;fs;.
Ex : They live on the outskirts of chennai.
Outrage (mt;l;nu[;) - fLk; Nfhgk;.

mtSila nksdk; mtid fLk; Nfhgg;gLj;jpaJ.
Ex : Her silence outraged him.
Perhaps (gu;n`g;];) - xUNtis.

xUNtis ehd; mtdplk; ntspg;gilahf ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : Perhaps I should have been frank with him.
Curative (f;ANul;bt;) - Neha; ePfF; k;.

,e;j %ypiffs; Neha; ePf;Fk; gz;Gfis nfhz;lJ.
Ex : These herbs have curative properties.
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Intravenous (,d;l;uhtpd];) - euk;G top.
uh[{ euk;G top ];Buha;L rpfpr;ir Nkw;nfhz;Ls;shH.
Ex : Raju has undertaken intravenous steroid treatment.
Soporific (r/ghupgpf;) - J}f;fk; J}z;Lfpw.

,e;j kUe;J J}f;fk; J}z;Lfpw kUe;jhf nray;gLfpwJ.
Ex : This medicine act as a soporific drug.
Orthopaedic (MHNjhngbf;) - vYk;gpay;.

,d;iwa khehl;by; epGzHfs; vYk;gpay; njhlHghd Nfs;tpfSf;F gjpyspg;ghHfs;.
Ex : In today's conference experts will answer for the orthopaedic related questions.
Palliative (ghypNabt;) - Neha;j; jzpg;G.

Neha;j; jzpg;G kUe;J mWit rpfpr;irapd; NghJ Nehahspf;F nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : Palliative drug must be given to the patient while the surgery.
Prophylactic (g;uigNyf;bf;) - Neha; jLf;Fk; kUe;J.

xt;nthU Foe;ijfSk; kNyupah Neha; jLf;Fk; kUe;ij vLj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : Every children should take malaria prophylactic.
Diabetes (ilagpb];) - ePupopT Neha;.

ePupopT Neha; cs;s kf;fs; njhlHe;J jq;fsJ ,uj;j rHf;fiuapd; msit rupghHf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : People with diabetes have to check their blood sugar level regularly.
Therapy (njugp) - rpfpr;ir.

gy;NtW tifahd kUj;Jt rpfpr;ir Kiwfs; cs;sd.
Ex : There are different types of medical therapy methods.
Anaemic (mdpkpf;) - ,uj;j Nrhif.

,uj;j Nrhif cs;sjhy; vdf;F Mw;wy; Fiwthf cs;sJ.
Ex : I have low energy because of anaemic.
Diagnosis (ilf;Ndh]p];) - Nehawpjy;.

kUj;JtH Nehahsplk; Nehawpjiyg; gfpHe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : The doctor must share the diagnosis with the patient.
Solidarity (rhypNlupb) - xUikg;ghL.
GJjpy;ypapy; tptrhapfs; jq;fsJ xUikg;ghl;il fhl;b tUfpd;wdH.
Ex : Farmers are showing their solidarity in New Delhi.
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Protest (g;nuhl];l;) - vjpHg;G.
gy kf;fs; tptrhapfSf;F Mjutspg;gjd; %yk; jq;fsJ vjpHg;Gfisf; fhl;Lfpd;wdH.
Ex : Many people showed their protests by supporting the farmers.
Plow (gpyht;) - fyg;ig.
tptrhapfs; fyg;ig> kz;ntl;b Nghd;wtw;iw itj;J Nghuhb tUfpd;wdH.
Ex : Farmers are continuing their struggle with plow, spade etc..
Skull (];fy;) - kz;ilNahL.

tptrhapfs; kf;fsitf;F ntspNa kz;ilNahl;il itj;Jf; nfhz;L MHg;ghl;lk;
elj;Jfpd;wdH.
Ex : Farmers are protesting with skull in the outside of the Lok Sabha.
Drought (bnuha;l;) - twl;rp.

gy tptrhapfs; twl;rpapd; NghJ ,we;Js;sdH.
Ex : Many Farmers have died during the drought.
Crop loan (fpuhg; Nyhd;) - gapH fld;.

tptrhapfspd; Kf;fpa Fwpf;Nfhs; gapH flid js;Sgb nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;.
Ex : The main goal of farmers is to rebate the crop loans.
Remise (upik];) - jq;fSf;fhd cupikia tpl;Lf; nfhLj;jy;.

Nghuhl;lj;jpd; NghJ tptrhapfs; jq;fSf;fhd cupikia tpl;Lf; nfhLf;f kWf;fpd;wdH.
Ex : During struggle farmers refused to give up their remise.
Predicament (g;upbfnkz;l) - ,f;fl;lhz epiy.

tptrhapfspd; Nghuhl;lk; ,f;fl;lhz epiyapy; cs;sJ.
Ex : Farmers struggle is in a predicament stage.
Arable (mNugpy;) - rhFgbepyk;.

rhFgb epyq;fis tpiyepyq;fshf khw;wf;$lhJ.
Ex : Arable should not be converted into price lands.
Protesters (g;nuhl];lH];) - MHg;ghl;lf;fhuHfs;.

MHg;ghl;lf;fhuHfspd; Nghuhl;lq;fs; ehSf;F ehs; mjpfupj;J tUfpd;wd.
Ex : Protesters struggles are increasing day by day.
Squash (];Fth~;) - RtHg;ge;J.
jPgpfh gs;spf;fy; fhHj;jpf; cyf kfspH RtHg;ge;J Nghl;b jutupirapy; Kjy; 10
,lj;jpw;Fs; te;j Kjy; ,e;jpa tpisahl;L tPuH MthH.
Ex : Dipika Pallikal Karthik is the first Indian player to be place in the top 10 ranking in the
World Women's Squash tournament.
11
Ice skating (I]; ];Nfl;bq;) - ciwgdpr;rWf;F.
,e;jpa ciwgdpr;rWf;F rq;fk; %d;W ehs; Njrpa gdp rWf;F Nghl;bia elj;j Vw;ghL
nra;Js;sJ.
Ex : The Ice Skating Association of India organised a three-day national ice skating competition.
Badminton (ghl;kpz;ld;) - G+g;ge;jhl;lk;.

G+g;ge;jhl;l tpisahl;bid gpupl;lhdpa ,uhZt tPuHfs; 19 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; gpw;gFjpapy;
,q;fpyhe;jpy; mwpKfk; nra;jdH.
Ex : British soldiers introduced the badminton game in England in the late 19th century.
Softball (rhg;l;ghy;) - nkd;ge;jhl;lk;.

1996 ,y; ngz;fs; nkd;ge;jhl;lk; Nfhilf;fhy xypk;gpf; tpisahl;L MdJ.
Ex : Women's softball became a Summer Olympic sport in 1996.
Archery (MHr;nrup) - tpy;tpj;ij.

tuyhw;W uPjpahf> tpy;tpj;ij Ntl;ilahLjYf;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
Ex : Historically, archery has been used for hunting.
Table tennis (Nlgps; nld;dp];) - Nkirg;ge;jhl;lk;.

1988 Mk; Mz;by;> Nkirg;ge;jhl;lk; xypk;gpf;rpy; NrHf;fg;gl;lJ.
Ex : In 1988, Table tennis was added in Olympics.
Javelin throw (N[typd; j;Nuht;) - <l;b vwpjy;

<l;b vwpjypy; NjNte;jpu [[hupah jq;fg;gjf;fk; ntd;whH.
Ex : Devendra Jhajharia won gold medal in the Javelin throw.
Surfing (rHgpq;) - miyr;rWf;F.

miyr;rWf;F vd;gJ ePH tpisahl;L MFk;.
Ex : Surfing is a water sports.
Wrestling (nu];l;ypq;) - ky;Aj;jk;.

ky;Aj;jk; xU jw;fhg;Gf; fiy MFk;.
Ex : Wrestling is a martial arts.
Gymnastics ([pk;dh];bf;];) - rPUlw;gapw;rpfs;.

rPUlw;gapw;rpfs; 1896 ,y; xypk;gpf; tpisahl;L MdJ.
Ex : Gymnastics become an Olympic sport in 1896.
Constitution (fhd;];bba+~d;) - murpayikg;Gr; rl;lk;

,e;jpa murpayikg;Gr; rl;lk; 444 fl;Liufs;> 12 ml;ltiz kw;Wk; 118 jpUj;jq;fisf;
nfhz;Ls;sJ.
Ex : The Constitution of India contains 444 articles, 12 schedules and 118 amendments.
12
Citizenship (rpl;b]d;~pg;) - FbAupik.
,e;jpa FbAupik rl;lk; 1955 ,y; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ.
Ex : Indian citizenship act was passed in 1955.
State Legislature (];Nll; Ny[p];Nyr;rH) - khepy rl;lkd;wk;.

khepy rl;lkd;wk; vd;gJ $l;lhl;rp Kiwapd; rl;lkd;w fpisapd; murpay; cl;gpupthFk;.
Ex : The state legislature is a political subdivision of the legislative branch of the federal system.
Preamble (g;upak;gpy;) - Kfg;Giu.

,e;jpa murpayikg;gpd; Kfg;Giu vd;gJ ,e;jpa murpayikg;gpd; mwpKfg;gFjpahFk;.
Ex : The Preamble of the Indian Constitution is the introductory part of the Indian Constitution.
Dominion (nlhkpdpad;) - murhl;rp.

1947 Mf];l; 15 Kjy; 1950 [dtup 26 tiu ,e;jpahtpy; murhl;rp Kiw ,Ue;J te;jJ.
Ex : Dominion of India existed between 15 August 1947 and 26 January 1950.
Bicameralism (igNfkuyp]k;) - <uit Kiwik.

xU rpy ehLfspy;> [dehaf kw;Wk; caHFb KbTfspy; <uit Kiwik
<LgLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
Ex : In a few countries, bicameralism involve in the democratic and aristocratic decision.
Cabinet (Nfgpdl;) - mikr;ruit.

New;W mikr;ruit $l;lk; js;sp itf;fg;gl;lJ.
Ex : Yesterday cabinet meeting was postponed.
Federation (nglNu~d;) - $l;lhl;rp.

,e;jpah> fdlh> If;fpa mnkupf;fh Mfpa ehLfs; $l;lhl;rp muRfSf;F
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf;fs; MFk;.
Ex : India, Canada, United State countries are the examples of the federation government.
Adjourn (ml;n[Hd;) - xj;jpit.

gj;jpupifahsH $l;lk; brk;gH 4 tiu xj;jpitf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Ex : Journalist meeting was adjourned until December 4.
Judiciary ([_brpaup ) - ePjpj;Jiw.

,e;jpahtpy; ePjpj;Jiwapy; gy;NtW kl;lq;fs; cs;sd.
Ex : There are various levels of judiciary in India.
13
Magistrate (k[p];bNul;) - ePjpgjp.
,e;jpa ePjpj; Jiwapy; ehd;F tifahd ePjpgjpfs; cs;sdH.
Ex : There are four types of magistrates in the Indian judiciary.
Verdict (ntHbf;l;) - jPHg;G.

uhk; Fw;wthsp my;y vd;W ePjpgjp jPHg;ig mwptpj;jhH.
Ex : Judge announced the verdict as ram is not guilty.
Appeal (mg;gPy;) - Nky; KiwaPL.

ghJfhg;G tof;fwpQHfs; fUizf;fhf Nky; KiwaPL nra;fpd;wdH.
Ex : Defense lawyers has appealed for mercy.
Evidence (vtpnld;];) - Mjhuk;.

fhtyUf;F jpUlDf;F vjpuhf Mjhuk; fpilj;Js;sJ.
Ex : Police got a evidence against the thief.
Habeas corpus (N`gpa]; fhHg];) - Ml;nfhzHT kD.

uhK Ml;nfhzHT kDf;F vjpuhf tof;F njhLj;Js;shH.
Ex : Ramu has filed a case against habeas corpus.
Incarcerate (,d;NfHrpNul;) - rpiwg;gLj;J.

fhty;JiwapdH jpUlid rpiwg;gLj;j KbT nra;Js;sdH.
Ex : The police has decided to incarcerate the thief.
Infringement (,z;gpupQ;Rnkd;l;) - rl;lkPwy;.

kf;fs; rl;l kPwiy Nkw;nfhz;lhy; muR mtHfSf;F jz;lid toq;Fk;.
Ex : If the people have commited some infringement, the government will punish them.
Objection (mg;n[f;~d;) - Ml;Nrgid.

kf;fs; rkPgj;jpa jpl;lq;fSf;F ve;j tpj Ml;NrgidAk; njuptpf;ftpy;iy.
Ex : People have raised no objections to the latest plans.
Ordinance (MHbdd;];) - mtrur; rl;lk;.

mtrur; rl;lkhdJ ,e;jpa [dhjpgjpahy; mwptpf;fg;gLk; jw;fhypfr; rl;lq;fs; MFk;.
Ex : Ordinances are temporary laws that are promulgated by the President of India.
Petition (ngl;b~d;) - kD.

Vupf;F mUNf fl;llq;fs; fl;Lk; jpl;lq;fSf;F vjpuhf kD kPJ ifnaOj;jpl uhK
Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhH.
Ex : Ramu was asked to sign a petition against the plans to build buildings near the lake.
14
Gravitation (fpNutpNl~d;) - <Hg;G tpir.
cyfshtpa <Hg;G tpir tpjp Irf; epA+l;ldhy; tbtikf;fg;gl;lJ.
Ex : The law of universal gravitation was formulated by Isaac Newton.
Radioactivity (NubNahVf;btpb) - fjpupaf;fk;.

My;/gh> gPl;lh kw;Wk; fhkh Mfpait fjpupaf;fj;jpd; Jfs;fs; MFk;.
Ex : Alpha,beta and gamma are the particles of radioactivity.
Buoyancy (igvd;]p) - NkYijg;G.

NkYijg;G tpir> nghUspd; vilf;F rkkhf cs;sJ.
Ex : The buoyancy force is equal to the weight of an object.
Viscosity (tp];fhrpl;b) - ghFepiy.

ghFepiyia gytifahfg; gpupf;fyhk;.
Ex : The viscosity can be divided into several types.
Refraction (upgpNuf;~d;) - xsp KwpT.

khehl;by; gytifahd xsp KwpT gupNrhjidfs; elj;jg;gl;ld.
Ex : Many refraction experiment has been conducted in the conference.
Prism (gpuprk;) - gl;lfk;.

6 tifahd gl;lfq;fs; cs;sd.
Ex : There are 6 types of prisms.
Humidity ({`kpbb) - <ug;gjk;

<ug;gjj;ij mstpl gad;gLk; rhjdk; i`fpNuhkPl;lH vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
Ex : A device used to measure humidity is called a hygrometer.
Convection (fd;ntf;~;d;) - Nkw;fhTif.

Nkw;fhTif vd;gJ jputq;fspy; cs;s %yf;$Wfspd; ,af;fkhFk;.
Ex : Convection is the movement of molecules within the fluids.
Dispersion (b];ngHrd;) - xspr;rpjwy;.

xspr;rpjwYf;fhd rpwe;j cjhuzk; thdtpy; MFk;.
Ex : The best example for dispersion is rainbow.
Radiation (NubNa~d;) - fjpHtPr;R.

fjpHtPr;R vd;gJ miyfs; tbtpyhd Mw;wypd; ckpo;T MFk;.
Ex : Radiation is the emission of energy in the form of waves.
15
Stamen (];Nlnkd;) - kfue;jf;Nfruk;.
kfue;jf;Nfruk; kyupd; ,jo;fNshL ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Ex : Stamen is attached to the petals of the flower.
Anther (Vd;jH) - kfue;jf;$L.

kfue;jf;$L kfue;jf;Nfruj;jpd; xU gFjpahFk;.
Ex : Anther is an the part of a stamen.
Pistil (gp];by;) - Nahdp.

Nahdp xU xw;iw R+y;tpj;jpiyia nfhz;Ls;sJ.
Ex : The pistil consists of a single carpel.
Stigma (];bf;kh) - R+yfKb.

R+yfKbapd; tbtk; gy;NtW tpjj;jpy; NtWglyhk;.
Ex : The shape of the stigma may vary in different ways.
Gynoecium (ifNdhrpak;) - R+yfk;.

R+yfk; xd;W my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l R+y;tpj;jpiyia nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
Ex : Gynoecium consisting of one or more carpel.
Ovule (XT+y;) - R+y;tpj;J.

G+f;Fk; jhtuq;fspy; R+y;tpj;Jf;fs; G+f;fspd; cs;Ns fhzg;gLk;.
Ex : In flowering plants, the ovule are found inside the flowers.
Sepal (nrg;gy;) - Gw ,jo;

midj;J Gw ,jo;fSk; nghJthf gr;ir epwj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;.
Ex : All sepals are usually green in color.
Calyx (Nfypf;];) - Gy;yptl;lk;.

midj;J Gw ,jo;fSk; xd;whf Gy;yptl;lk; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.
Ex : All the sepals together are called calyx.
Corolla (NfhNuhyh) - my;yptl;lk;.

my;yptl;lkhdJ Ie;J Kjy; xd;gJ ,iofis nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
Ex : The corolla may have from five to nine petals.
Carpel (fhHngy;) - R+y;tpj;jpiy.

xU kyH xd;W my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l R+o;tpj;jpiyia nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
Ex : A flower can have one or more carpels.
16
Survey (rHNt) - fzf;nfLg;G.
fzf;nfLg;G KbTfs; tpiutpy; mwptpf;fg;gLk;.
Ex : The results of the survey will be announced quickly.
Demography (nlNkhfpuhgp) - kf;fs; njhifapay;.

kf;fs; njhifapay; vd;gJ kdpj kf;fs; njhif gw;wpa Gs;sptptu Ma;thFk;.
Ex : Demography is a statistical study of human population.
Statistics (];lhl;b];bf;];) - Gs;spapay;.

Gs;spapay; gzpfspy; <LgLgtH Gs;spapayhsH vdg;gLthH.
Ex : The man who involves in the statistics task is known as statistician.
Data (Nllh) - juT.

Gs;spapayhsH ,e;j thuj;jpw;Fs; juit rkHg;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : The statistician must submit the data within this week.
Poll (Nghy;) - fUj;Jf; fzpg;G.

kf;fs; njhif fzf;nfLg;G rhHe;j fUj;Jf; fzpg;G kf;fspilNa elj;jg;gl;lJ.
Ex : Census related poll was conducted among the people.
Sampling (Nrk;g;spq;) - khjpupnaLj;jy;.

,uz;L tifahd khjpupnaLj;jy; Kiwfs; Gs;spapaypy; cs;sJ.
Ex : Two types of sampling methods are available in statistics.
Ascertainment (m]Hild;nkz;l;) - epHzapj;j.

,JNt epHzapj;j kf;fs; njhifapd; KbthFk;.
Ex : These are the results of ascertainment population.
Ethnicity (vj;dprpl;b) - ,duPjpahf.

,duPjpahf thf;nfLg;Gk; elj;jg;gl;ld.
Ex : Ethnicity referendum were also held.
Birth Rate (gHj; Nul;) - gpwg;G tPjk;.

xt;nthU Mz;Lk; kf;fs; njhif fzf;nfLg;gpy; gpwg;G tpfpjk; fzf;fplg;gl;L tUfpwJ.
Ex : Every year birth rate is calculated in the census.
Population (ghg;GNyrd;) - kf;fs; njhif.

rkPgj;jpa kf;fs; njhif fzf;nfLg;G> cyf kf;fs; njhif 2024 f;Fs; vl;L gpy;ypaid
vl;Lk; vd;W $wpAs;sJ.
Ex : The recent census has said that the global population will reach eight billion by 2024.
17
Abnormal (mg;ehHky;) - ,ay;GkPwpa
Nehahspapd; ,ay;GkPwpa elj;ijapy; ,Ue;J Neha; fz;lwpag;gl;lJ.
Ex : The illness is recognizable from the patient's abnormal behavior.
Psychologist (irfhy[p];l;) - cstpayhsH.

gy GyDzHT cstpayhsHfs; kd Neha;fSf;fhd tpisTfis Muha;fpd;wdH.
Ex : Many cognitive psychologists examine the effects of mental disorders.
Cognition (fhf;dp~d;) - mwpthw;wy;.

cstpayhsHfs; ngUk;ghYk; mwpthw;wy; kw;Wk; czHTfis xg;gpl;Lg; ghHf;f
tpUk;GfpwhHfs;.
Ex : Psychologists often prefer to compare cognitions and feelings.
Attitude (ml;bbA+l;) - kdg;ghd;ik.

cstpaypy;> kdg;ghd;ik vd;gJ xU Kf;fpa gFjpahf cs;sJ.
Ex : In psychology, an attitude is an main part.
Restraint (nu];l;iud;l;) - fl;Lg;ghL.

Nehahspf;F czT fl;Lg;ghL Njit.
Ex : The patient must require a food restraint.
Anthropology (Md;j;NuhNghy[p) - khdpltpay;.

fle;j fhy kw;Wk; jw;Nghija rKjhaq;fspy; cs;s kdpjHfspd; gy;NtW mk;rq;fis
Ma;T nra;tJ khDltpay; MFk;.
Ex : Anthropology is the study of various aspects of humans within past and present societies.
Psychobiology (irf;Nfhigahy[p) - MSikapay;

MSikapay; vd;gJ kdpjdpd; elj;ij kw;Wk; kNdhepiyAld; njhlHGilaJ.
Ex : Psychobiology is related with the behavior and mental phenomena of human.
Neuroscience (epA+Nuhird;];) - euk;gZtpay;.

euk;G kz;lyk; kw;Wk; %isapd; fl;likg;G my;yJ nray;ghl;il euk;gZtpay;
tiuaWf;fpwJ.
Ex : Neuroscience defines the structure or function of the nervous system and brain.
Unconscious (md;fhd;rpa];d];) - epidtpoe;j

uhK epidtpoe;j epiyapy; cs;shH.
Ex : Ramu was in an unconscious stage.
Neuropsychology (epA+Nuhirf;fhy[p) - euk;GrhH cstpay;.

euk;G kz;lyj;jpd; nray;ghLfis mstplg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; fUtpfs; euk;GrhH
cstpay; fUtpfs; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.
18
Ex : Instruments used to measure the functions of the nervous system are called
neuropsychological instruments.
Generic (n[dpupf;) - nghJthd.

,J murhq;fj;jpd; nghJthd fUj;jhFk;.
Ex : It is a generic concept by the government.
Blanket (g;shq;nfl;) - NghHit.

mtH jdJ Foe;ijf;fhf xU Gjpa NghHit nfhz;L te;jhH.
Ex : He brought a new blanket for his baby.
Chisel (rpry;) - csp.

mtH xU cspia nfhz;L gspq;ff; fy;iy cilj;jhH.
Ex : He broke away the marble with a chisel.
Baffle (Ng/gps;) - Fog;gk;.

mtH jdJ ngw;Nwhuhy; Kw;wpYk; Fog;gg;gl;lhH.
Ex : She was completely baffled by his parents.
Insignificant (,d;rpf;dpgpfd;l;) - Kf;fpakw;w.

kw;wtHfspd; gpur;ridia xg;gpLk;NghJ vd;Dila nrhe;j gpur;rpidfs; Kf;fpakw;wjhf
Njhd;Wfpd;wd.
Ex : My own problems seem insignificant, when compared with others.
Foster (gh];lH) - tsHj;jy;.

mtHfs; ntt;NtW FOf;fSf;fpilNa cs;s xw;Wikia tsHf;f Kaw;rp nra;fpwhHfs;.
Ex : They try to foster harmony between different groups of people.
Depict (nlgprpl;) - rpj;jupf;f.

mtuJ Xtpaq;fs; fle;j E}w;whz;by; rhjhuz kf;fspd; tho;f;ifia rpj;jupf;fpd;wd.
Ex : Her paintings depict the lives of ordinary people in the last century.
Infamy (,d;ghkp) - nfl;lNgH.

nfl;lNgUld; tho;tjw;Fg; gjpyhf kupahijAld; ,wg;gJ ey;yJ.
Ex : It is better to die with honour than to live with infamy.
Knight (iel;) - NghHtPud;.

thSld; te;j midtiuAk; NghHtPud; nfhiy nra;jhd;.
Ex : The knight killed everyone who came with sword.
Launch (yhd;r;) - ntspaPL.

mjpfhug;G+Ht ntspaPl;L Njjp Nk khjj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;.
Ex : The official launch date will be in May.
19
Barometer (NgNuhkPl;lH) - fhw;wOj;j khdp.
,e;j Ma;T fhw;wOj;jkhdp mstPl;L mbg;gilapy; mike;Js;sJ.
Ex : This survey is based on barometer measurement.
Blizzard (g;sp];]hHL) - gdpg; Gay;.

ehq;fs; xU gdpg; Gaypy; rpf;fpf;nfhz;Nlhk;.
Ex : We got stuck in a blizzard.
Forecast (NghHfh];l;) - Kd;dwptpg;G.

kio nga;Ak; vd;W thdpiy Kd;dwptpg;G $WfpwJ.
Ex : The weather forecast says there will be rain.
Hail (nàpy;) - Myq;fl;b.

kjpa czTf;Fg; gpwF Myq;fl;b kio nga;jJ.
Ex : Hail rained shortly after lunch.
Humidity (`{kpbb) - <ug;gjk;.

,e;j fhyepiyapd; <ug;gjj;ij ehd; tpUk;gtpy;iy.
Ex : I don't like the humidity of this climate.
Hurricane (ùpNfd;) - R+whtsp.

epyq;fs; R+whtspahy; mopf;fg;gl;ld.
Ex : The lands were destroyed by the hurricane.
Overcast (Xtu;Nf\;l;) - Nkf%l;lk;.

thdk; Nkf%l;lj;Jld; cs;sJ.
Ex : The sky was overcast.
Smog (];khf;) - gdpg;Gif.

vq;fs; efuk; gdpg;Gifahy; %lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Ex : Our city was covered with smog.
Drizzle (l;up]py;) - J}wy;.

xU rpwpa J}wy; mtHfs; kPJ tpOfpwJ.
Ex : A light drizzle was falling on them.
20
Monsoon (khd;R+d;) - gUtkio.
,e;j Mz;L njhlf;fj;jpy; gUtkio njhlq;fpaJ.
Ex : The monsoon started early this year.
Almond (my;kd;l;) - ghjhk; gUg;G.

Example :World production of almonds was 2.9 million tonnes in 2013.
ghjhk; gUg;G cw;gj;jp 2013 y; 2.9 kpy;ypad; ld;fshf ,Ue;jJ.
Apple (Mg;gps;) - Fksp.

Example : Can you tell what kind of apple this is?
,J vd;d tifahd Fksp vd;W nrhy;y KbAkh?
Apricot (mg;upfhl;) - rHf;fiu ghjhkp.

Example : The world's largest producer of dried apricots is
Turkey.
cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa cyHe;j rHf;fiu ghjhkp jahupg;ghsHfs; JUf;fp MFk;.
Avocado (mtNfhlh) - ntz;nza; gok;.

Example : The avocado is poisonous to some birds.
ntz;nza; gok; rpy gwitfSf;F tp\k;.
Peach (gPr;) - Fopg;Ngup.

Example : Peach increases red blood cells.
Fopg;Ngup ,uj;j rptg;gZf;fis mjpfupf;fr; nra;fpd;wd.
Cherry (nrHup) - Nryhg;gok;.

Example : Cherry contains vitamin A.
Nryhg;gok; itl;lkpd; V-itf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
Strawberry (];l;uhngHup) - nrk;Gw;Wg;gok;.

Example : The first strawberry species was cultivated on early
17th century.
Kjy; nrk;Gw;Wg;go tiffs; 17 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; Kw;gFjpapy; gapuplg;gl;lJ.
Plum (gpsk;) - nfhj;Jg;Ngup.

Example : Dried and salted plums are used as a type of snack.
cyHe;j kw;Wk; cg;gplg;gl;l nfhj;Jg;Ngupfs; jpz;gz;l tifahf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
21
Pear (gpaH) - Ngupf;fha;.
Example : Pear is largely cultivated in China, Italy and United
States.
Ngupf;fha; rPdh> ,j;jhyp kw;Wk; mnkupf;fhtpy; ngUk;ghYk; gapuplg;gLfpwJ.
0. Custard apple (f];lHl; /g;&l;) - rPj;jhg;gok;.

Example : Custard apple has many medicinal benefits.
rPjhg;gok; gy kUj;Jt Fzq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
Hardship (`hHl;\pg;) - ,d;dy;.
Example : Many people are suffering with economic hardship.
gy kf;fs; nghUshjhu ,d;dy;fshy; mtjpAw;W tUfpd;wdH.
Collusion (nfhY]d;) - cs;$l;L.

Example : The officials are in collusion with the criminals.
mjpfhupfs; Fw;wthspfSld; cs;$l;lhf ,ize;J nray;gLfpd;wdH.
Precision (g;uprp]d;) - Jy;ypak;.

Example : The diagram has been copied with great precision.
tiuglk; ngUk; Jy;ypaj;Jld; efnyLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Consortium (fd;rhHbak;) - $l;likg;G.

Example : The new aircraft was developed by a European consortium.
Gjpa tpkhdk; xU INuhg;gpa $l;likg;ghy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
Sublime (rg;iyk;) - kpfr; rpwe;j.

Example : The book contains sublime descriptive passages.
Gj;jfk; kpfr; rpwe;j tpsf;fkhd gj;jpfis nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
Pride (gpiul;) - ngUik.

Example : The new park is the pride of our city.
Gjpa G+q;fh ekJ efupd; ngUikahFk;.
Disaster (brh];lH) - NguopT.

Example : The town was declared as a disaster area, after the
22
flood.
nts;sj;jpw;F gpwF> efuk; xU NguopTf;fhd gFjpahf mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.
Carriage (NfupNa[;) - tz;b.

Example : We are sitting in the second carriage.
ehq;fs; ,uz;lhtJ tz;bapy; cl;fhHe;J nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;.
Rupture (ug;r;lH) - KwpT

Example : The pipe will rupture at its weakest point.
Foha; mjd; gytPdkhd Gs;spapy; Kwpe;JtpLk;.
Incurable (,d;fpA+ugps;) - Fzg;gLj;j Kbahj

Example : He is suffering from an incurable skin disease.
mtH Fzg;gLj;j Kbahj Njhy; Nehahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;shH.
Volume (thy;A+k;) - fd msT.

,e;j cUisapd; fd msT vd;d?
Ex : What's the volume of this cylinder?
Volume (thy;A+k;) - xypasT.

,e;j nghj;jhd; xypasit rupnra;a cs;sJ.
Ex : This button is for adjusting the volume.
Interest (,d;bu];l;) - MHtk;.

vdf;F ,irapy; MHtk; ,y;iy.
Ex : I have no interest in music.
Interest (,d;bu];l;) - tl;b.

tq;fpapd; tl;b vd;d?
Ex : What is the interest paid by the bank ?
Sense (nrd;];) - mwpT.

mtUf;F nghJ mwpT ,y;iy.
Ex : He has no common sense.
23
Sense (nrd;];) - czHT.
vdf;F xU ey;y thrid czHT ,Uf;fpwJ.
Ex : I have a good sense of smell.
Play (gpNs) - tpisahL;.

ePq;fs; mtUld; tpisahl tpUk;GfpwPHfsh?
Ex : Would you like to play with him?
Play (gpNs) - ehlfk;.

,e;j ehlfk; tpkHrfHfsplkpUe;J kjpg;Gkpf;f tpkHrdq;fisg; ngw;wJ.
Ex : This play received rave reviews from the critics.
Ring (upq;) - Nkhjpuk;.

ehd; vd;Dila jq;f Nkhjpuj;ij njhiyj;Jtpl;Nld;.
Ex : I lost my gold ring.
Ring (upq;) - tisak;.

mtHfs; xU tisaj;jpw;Fs; epd;W nfhz;bUf;fpwhHfs;.
Ex : They were standing in a ring.
Consultation (fd;ry;Nl\d;) - MNyhrid.

njhopw;rq;fq;fSld; ehq;fs; mjpf MNyhrid Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : We need more consultation with trade unions.
Interrogation (,d;bNuhNf\d;) - tprhuiz.

tprhuiz %j;j mjpfhupfshy; elj;jg;gl;lJ.
Ex : The interrogation was conducted by senior officers.
Query (Ftup) - Nfs;tp.

NeHfhzy; njhlHghf vjhtJ Nfs;tp cz;lh?
Ex : Is there any query regarding interview ?
Formal (ghHky;) - Kiwahd.

ePq;fs; Kiwahd cilapy; NeHfhzypy; fye;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : You must attend the interview in formal dress.
Communication (fk;A+dpNf\d;) - njhlHghly;.

NeHfhzypd; NghJ njhlHghly; ey;ytpjkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : Communication must be good during interview.
24
Session (nr\d;) - Ntis.
cq;fspd; NeHfhzy; gpw;gfy; Ntisapy; eilngWk;.
Ex : Your interview will be held in afternoon session.
Conversation (fhd;ntHN\\d;) - ciuahly;.

ciuahly; jpwd;fs; cq;fspd; kPjhd xU ey;y vz;zj;ij cUthf;f
Kf;fpakhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;.
Ex : Conversation skills are vital for making a good impression on you.
Discussion (b];f\d;) - fye;Jiuahly;.

FO fye;Jiuahlypd; jiyg;Gfs; tpj;jpahrkhf ,Uf;Fk;.
Ex : Group discussion topics will be different.
Resume (nu];A+k;) - jw;Fwpg;G.

epWtdj;jpw;F cq;fSila jw;Fwpg;ig mDg;gTk;.
Ex : Please send your resume to the company.
Authentic (mnjd;bf;) - cz;ikahd.

NeHfhzypd; NghJ cq;fSila gjpy;fs; cz;ikahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : Your answers must be authentic during interview.
Vigilance (tp[pnyd;];) - fz;fhzpg;G.

fz;fhzpg;G rupahf ,y;yhjjhy; ill;lhdpf; fg;gy; tpgj;Jf;Fs;shdJ.
Ex : Lack of vigilance caused the titanic ship to crash.
Refusal (nugpA+ry;) - kWj;jy;.

vd;id ghHf;f mtH kWg;gJ xU mtkupahijahf ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : His refusal to see me was an affront.
Dolt (Nlhy;l;) - Kl;lhs;.

mtu;fs; uh[{it Kl;lhs; vd;W epidj;jhu;fs;.
Ex : They thought Raju is a dolt.
Quotation (nfhNl\d;) - Nkw;Nfhs;.

5 Mk; gf;fj;jpy; ePq;fs; Nkw;Nfhisf; fhzyhk;.
Ex : You'll find the quotation on page 35.
Obvious (Mg;tpa];) - njspthd.

mtHfSf;F ,ilNa xU njspthd NtWghL cs;sJ.
Ex : There is an obvious difference between them.
25
Foster (gh];lH) - tsHg;G.
Forfeit (NghHnga;l;) - tpl;LnfhLj;jy;.

mtUf;F gpbj;j nghOJNghf;if mtH tpl;LnfhLg;gJ rhj;jpakw;wJ.
Ex : To forfeit his favourite hobby would be impossible for him.
Evolve (Vthy;t;) - cUthFjy;.

epWtdk; xU ngupa ,urhad cw;gj;jpahsuhf cUthdJ.
Ex : The company has evolved into a major chemical manufacturer.
Diplomacy (bg;sNkhrp) - ,uh[je;jpuk;.

rHtNjr gpur;rpidfs; ,uh[je;jpuj;jhy; jPHf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;> Nghuhy; my;y.
Ex : International problems must be solved by diplomacy, not war.
Swathe (];Ntj;) - ,Wf;fp fl;L.

nrtpyp> fhakile;j rpg;ghapd; fhiy Jzpf;fl;L nfhz;L ,Wf;f fl;bdhs;.
Ex : The nurse swathed the wounded soldier's leg by bandages.
Ascertain (m];nrHild;) - njupe;Jnfhs;s.

cz;ikapNyNa vd;d ele;jJ vd;gijj; njupe;Jnfhs;s fhty;JiwapdH Kaw;rp
nra;fpwhHfs;.
Ex : The police are trying to ascertain what really happened.
Cave (Nft;) - Fif.

Fiffs; gy;NtW epytpay; nray;Kiwfs; %yk; cUthfpd;wd.
Ex : Caves are formed by various geological processes.
Gave (Nft;) - nfhLj;jhH.

uhK mtuJ jpl;lj;ij gw;wp xU RUf;fkhd tpsf;fj;ij nfhLj;jhH.
Ex : Ramu gave a brief description about his plan.
Cold (Nfhy;L) - FspH.

,d;W kpfTk; Fspuhf ,Uf;fpwJ.
Ex : It's very cold today.
Gold (Nfhy;L) - jq;fk;

jq;fk; tpiy ehSf;F ehs; mjpfupj;J tUfpd;wd.
Ex : Gold price are increasing day by day.
Rabid (uhgpl;) - rPWfpw.

fyh xU rPWfpw ngz;zpathjp.
Ex : Kala is a rabid feminist.
26
Rabbit (uhgpl;) - Kay;.
Kay; xU ghY}l;b tpyq;fhFk;.
Ex : The rabbit is a mammal animal.
Fair (/NgH) - epahakhd.

epahakhd tpiy vd;W ePq;fs; epidf;fpwPHfsh?
Ex : Do you think that's a fair price?
Fare (/NgH) - gazf;fl;bzk;.

uapy; gadf;fl;lzq;fs; mjpfupj;J tUfpd;wd.
Ex : Train fares are increasing.
Hole (N`hy;) - Jis

kz;thupia gad;gLj;jp ngupa Jisia Njhz;L.
Ex : Dug a large hole by using a shovel.
Whole (N`hy;) - KO.

vdf;F KO fijAk; njupAk;.
Ex : I know the whole story.
Awkward (Mf;NtHL) - tpfhukhd.

mts; NkYk; rpy tpfhukhd Nfs;tpfis Nfl;lhH.
Ex : She asked some rather awkward questions.
Discharge (b];rhH[;) - ntspNaw;W.

ehq;fs; gy CopaHfis ntspNaw;w Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : We had to discharge several employees.
Emancipation (vkhdp\pNg\d;) - tpLjiy.

1863-Mk; Mz;L Mgpufhk; ypq;fd; tpLjiy mwptpg;ig ntspapl;lhH.
Ex : President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863.
Indigent (,z;bn[z;l;) - Vio.

cq;fsJ ngw;NwhH Vioahf ,Ue;jhy;> ePqf ; s; gbg;gpw;fhd ctpj;njhifia ngWtPHfs;.
Ex : If your parents were indigent, you will get scholarships.
Reverence (nutnud;];) - kupahij.

,e;j ftpij> ,aw;ifapd; Mo;ej ; kupahijia ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ.
Ex : The poem conveys his deep reverence for nature.
27
Mundane (Kd;Nld;) - rhjhuzkhf.
Muk;gj;jpy;> Ntiy kpfTk; rhjhuzkhf ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : Initially, the work was quite mundane.
Rapture (Nug;l;rH) - Nguhde;jk;

uh[{ Nguhde;jj;Jld; ghliy ftdpj;jhH.
Ex : Raju listened to the song with rapture.
Captive (Nfg;bt;) - rpiwg;gl;l.

rpiwg;gpbf;fg;gl;l tpyq;Ffisf; fhz Foe;ijfs; capupay; G+q;fhtpw;F tUfpwhHfs;.
Ex : Children come to zoos to see captive animals.
Desecrate (nlrpfpNul;) - mRj;jg;gLj;J.

ehl;bd; nfhbia mRj;jg;gLj;JtJ xU Fw;wkhFkhFk;.
Ex : It's a crime to desecrate the country's flag.
Proclamation (g;Nuhf;sNk\d;) - nghJ mwptpg;G.

murhq;fk; nghJ mwptpg;G %yk; jz;zPupd; gad;ghl;il fl;Lg;gLj;jpaJ.
Ex : The government restricted the use of water by proclamation.
Irrigation (,upNf]d;) - ePH ghrdk;.
,e;j ePu ghrd Kiw tpNehjkhdJ.
Ex : The method of irrigation is peculiar.
Fertilizer (ngbiy];) - cuk;.

cuq;fspy; ,uz;L tif cs;sJ.
Ex : There are two types of fertilizers.
Forage (NghNu[;) - jPtdk;.

fwit khLfSf;F> caH ju jPtdk; Njitg;gLfpwJ.
Ex : Dairy cows requires high quality forage.
Drought (bul;) - twl;rp.

gy tptrhapfs; twl;rpapd; NghJ ,we;jdH.
Ex : Many Farmers died during the drought.
Livestock (iyt;];lhf; ) - fhy;eil.

vq;fSila fhy;eilfs; ngUk;ghyhdit jpUlg;gl;lJ.
Ex : Most of our livestock was stolen.
Plow (gpnyht;) - VH fyg;ig.

gz;ila fhyq;fspy; ehk; epyj;ij cOtjw;fhf VH fyg;igia gad;gLj;jpNdhk;.
Ex : In the ancient times we used plow to plough the land.
28
Spade (];Ngl;) - kz;ntl;b
kz;ntl;b epyj;ij Njhz;lLtjw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk; xU fUtpahFk;.
Ex : Spade is a tool used to dig the land.
Harvest (`hHnt];l;) - mWtil.

NfhJik mWtilf;F jahuhf cs;sJ.
Ex : The wheat is ready for harvest.

uh[];jhd; ghiytdq;fspd; rpy gFjpfis rhFgbepykhf khw;wg;gLfpwJ.
Ex : Some parts of the Rajasthan desert is converted into arable.
Generic (n[dpupf;) - nghJthd.

,J murhq;fj;jpd; nghJthd fUj;jhFk;.
Ex : It is a generic concept by the government.
Blanket (g;shq;nfl;) - NghHit.

mtH jdJ Foe;ijf;fhf xU Gjpa NghHit nfhz;L te;jhH.
Ex : He brought a new blanket for his baby.
Chisel (rpry;) - csp.

mtH xU cspia nfhz;L gspq;ff; fy;iy cilj;jhH.
Ex : He broke away the marble with a chisel.
Baffle (Ng/gps;) - Fog;gk;.

mtH jdJ ngw;Nwhuhy; Kw;wpYk; Fog;gg;gl;lhH.
Ex : She was completely baffled by his parents.
Insignificant (,d;rpf;dpgpfd;l;) - Kf;fpakw;w.

kw;wtHfspd; gpur;ridia xg;gpLk;NghJ vd;Dila nrhe;j gpur;rpidfs; Kf;fpakw;wjhf
Njhd;Wfpd;wd.
Ex : My own problems seem insignificant, when compared with others.
Foster (gh];lH) - tsHj;jy;.

Depict (nlgprpl;) - rpj;jupf;f.

mtuJ Xtpaq;fs; fle;j E}w;whz;by; rhjhuz kf;fspd; tho;f;ifia rpj;jupf;fpd;wd.
Ex : Her paintings depict the lives of ordinary people in the last century.
Infamy (,d;ghkp) - nfl;lNgH.

nfl;lNgUld; tho;tjw;Fg; gjpyhf kupahijAld; ,wg;gJ ey;yJ.
29
Ex : It is better to die with honour than to live with infamy.
Knight (iel;) - NghHtPud;.

thSld; te;j midtiuAk; NghHtPud; nfhiy nra;jhd;.
Ex : The knight killed everyone who came with sword.
Launch (yhd;r;) - ntspaPL.

mjpfhug;G+Ht ntspaPl;L Njjp Nk khjj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;.
Ex : The official launch date will be in May.
Barometer (NgNuhkPl;lH) - fhw;wOj;j khdp.

,e;j Ma;T fhw;wOj;jkhdp mstPl;L mbg;gilapy; mike;Js;sJ.
Ex : This survey is based on barometer measurement.
Blizzard (g;sp];]hHL) - gdpg; Gay;.

ehq;fs; xU gdpg; Gaypy; rpf;fpf;nfhz;Nlhk;.
Ex : We got stuck in a blizzard.
Forecast (NghHfh];l;) - Kd;dwptpg;G.

kio nga;Ak; vd;W thdpiy Kd;dwptpg;G $WfpwJ.
Ex : The weather forecast says there will be rain.
Hail (nàpy;) - Myq;fl;b.

kjpa czTf;Fg; gpwF Myq;fl;b kio nga;jJ.
Ex : Hail rained shortly after lunch.
Humidity (`{kpbb) - <ug;gjk;.

,e;j fhyepiyapd; <ug;gjj;ij ehd; tpUk;gtpy;iy.
Ex : I don't like the humidity of this climate.
Hurricane (ùpNfd;) - R+whtsp.

epyq;fs; R+whtspahy; mopf;fg;gl;ld.
Ex : The lands were destroyed by the hurricane.
Overcast (Xtu;Nf\;l;) - Nkf%l;lk;.

thdk; Nkf%l;lj;Jld; cs;sJ.
Ex : The sky was overcast.
30
Smog (];khf;) - gdpg;Gif.
vq;fs; efuk; gdpg;Gifahy; %lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Ex : Our city was covered with smog.
Drizzle (l;up]py;) - J}wy;.

xU rpwpa J}wy; mtHfs; kPJ tpOfpwJ.
Ex : A light drizzle was falling on them.
Monsoon (khd;R+d;) - gUtkio.

,e;j Mz;L njhlf;fj;jpy; gUtkio njhlq;fpaJ.
Ex : The monsoon started early this year.
Almond (my;kd;l;) - ghjhk; gUg;G.

Example :World production of almonds was 2.9 million tonnes in 2013.
ghjhk; gUg;G cw;gj;jp 2013 y; 2.9 kpy;ypad; ld;fshf ,Ue;jJ.
Apple (Mg;gps;) - Fksp.

Example : Can you tell what kind of apple this is?
,J vd;d tifahd Fksp vd;W nrhy;y KbAkh?
Apricot (mg;upfhl;) - rHf;fiu ghjhkp.

Example : The world's largest producer of dried apricots is
Turkey.
cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa cyHe;j rHf;fiu ghjhkp jahupg;ghsHfs; JUf;fp MFk;.
Avocado (mtNfhlh) - ntz;nza; gok;.

Example : The avocado is poisonous to some birds.
ntz;nza; gok; rpy gwitfSf;F tp\k;.
Peach (gPr;) - Fopg;Ngup.

Example : Peach increases red blood cells.
Fopg;Ngup ,uj;j rptg;gZf;fis mjpfupf;fr; nra;fpd;wd.
Cherry (nrHup) - Nryhg;gok;.

Example : Cherry contains vitamin A.
Nryhg;gok; itl;lkpd; V-itf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
31
Strawberry (];l;uhngHup) - nrk;Gw;Wg;gok;.
Example : The first strawberry species was cultivated on early
17th century.
Kjy; nrk;Gw;Wg;go tiffs; 17 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; Kw;gFjpapy; gapuplg;gl;lJ.
Plum (gpsk;) - nfhj;Jg;Ngup.

Example : Dried and salted plums are used as a type of snack.
cyHe;j kw;Wk; cg;gplg;gl;l nfhj;Jg;Ngupfs; jpz;gz;l tifahf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
Pear (gpaH) - Ngupf;fha;.

Example : Pear is largely cultivated in China, Italy and United
States.
Ngupf;fha; rPdh> ,j;jhyp kw;Wk; mnkupf;fhtpy; ngUk;ghYk; gapuplg;gLfpwJ.
0. Custard apple (f];lHl; /g;&l;) - rPj;jhg;gok;.

Example : Custard apple has many medicinal benefits.
rPjhg;gok; gy kUj;Jt Fzq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
Hardship (`hHl;\pg;) - ,d;dy;.
Example : Many people are suffering with economic hardship.
gy kf;fs; nghUshjhu ,d;dy;fshy; mtjpAw;W tUfpd;wdH.
Collusion (nfhY]d;) - cs;$l;L.

Example : The officials are in collusion with the criminals.
mjpfhupfs; Fw;wthspfSld; cs;$l;lhf ,ize;J nray;gLfpd;wdH.
Precision (g;uprp]d;) - Jy;ypak;.

Example : The diagram has been copied with great precision.
tiuglk; ngUk; Jy;ypaj;Jld; efnyLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Consortium (fd;rhHbak;) - $l;likg;G.

Example : The new aircraft was developed by a European consortium.
Gjpa tpkhdk; xU INuhg;gpa $l;likg;ghy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
Sublime (rg;iyk;) - kpfr; rpwe;j.

Example : The book contains sublime descriptive passages.
Gj;jfk; kpfr; rpwe;j tpsf;fkhd gj;jpfis nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
32
Pride (gpiul;) - ngUik.
Example : The new park is the pride of our city.
Gjpa G+q;fh ekJ efupd; ngUikahFk;.
Disaster (brh];lH) - NguopT.

Example : The town was declared as a disaster area, after the
flood.
nts;sj;jpw;F gpwF> efuk; xU NguopTf;fhd gFjpahf mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.

Example : We are sitting in the second carriage.
ehq;fs; ,uz;lhtJ tz;bapy; cl;fhHe;J nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;.
Rupture (ug;r;lH) - KwpT

Example : The pipe will rupture at its weakest point.
Foha; mjd; gytPdkhd Gs;spapy; Kwpe;JtpLk;.
Incurable (,d;fpA+ugps;) - Fzg;gLj;j Kbahj

Example : He is suffering from an incurable skin disease.
mtH Fzg;gLj;j Kbahj Njhy; Nehahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;shH.
Volume (thy;A+k;) - fd msT.

,e;j cUisapd; fd msT vd;d?
Ex : What's the volume of this cylinder?
Volume (thy;A+k;) - xypasT.

,e;j nghj;jhd; xypasit rupnra;a cs;sJ.
Ex : This button is for adjusting the volume.
Interest (,d;bu];l;) - MHtk;.

vdf;F ,irapy; MHtk; ,y;iy.
Ex : I have no interest in music.
Interest (,d;bu];l;) - tl;b.

tq;fpapd; tl;b vd;d?
Ex : What is the interest paid by the bank ?
33
Sense (nrd;];) - mwpT.
mtUf;F nghJ mwpT ,y;iy.
Ex : He has no common sense.
Sense (nrd;];) - czHT.

vdf;F xU ey;y thrid czHT ,Uf;fpwJ.
Ex : I have a good sense of smell.
Play (gpNs) - tpisahL;.

ePq;fs; mtUld; tpisahl tpUk;GfpwPHfsh?
Ex : Would you like to play with him?
Play (gpNs) - ehlfk;.

,e;j ehlfk; tpkHrfHfsplkpUe;J kjpg;Gkpf;f tpkHrdq;fisg; ngw;wJ.
Ex : This play received rave reviews from the critics.
Ring (upq;) - Nkhjpuk;.

ehd; vd;Dila jq;f Nkhjpuj;ij njhiyj;Jtpl;Nld;.
Ex : I lost my gold ring.
Ring (upq;) - tisak;.

mtHfs; xU tisaj;jpw;Fs; epd;W nfhz;bUf;fpwhHfs;.
Ex : They were standing in a ring.
Consultation (fd;ry;Nl\d;) - MNyhrid.

njhopw;rq;fq;fSld; ehq;fs; mjpf MNyhrid Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : We need more consultation with trade unions.
Interrogation (,d;bNuhNf\d;) - tprhuiz.

tprhuiz %j;j mjpfhupfshy; elj;jg;gl;lJ.
Ex : The interrogation was conducted by senior officers.
Query (Ftup) - Nfs;tp.

NeHfhzy; njhlHghf vjhtJ Nfs;tp cz;lh?
Ex : Is there any query regarding interview ?
Formal (ghHky;) - Kiwahd.

ePq;fs; Kiwahd cilapy; NeHfhzypy; fye;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : You must attend the interview in formal dress.
34
Communication (fk;A+dpNf\d;) - njhlHghly;.
NeHfhzypd; NghJ njhlHghly; ey;ytpjkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : Communication must be good during interview.
Session (nr\d;) - Ntis.

cq;fspd; NeHfhzy; gpw;gfy; Ntisapy; eilngWk;.
Ex : Your interview will be held in afternoon session.
Conversation (fhd;ntHN\\d;) - ciuahly;.

ciuahly; jpwd;fs; cq;fspd; kPjhd xU ey;y vz;zj;ij cUthf;f
Kf;fpakhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;.
Ex : Conversation skills are vital for making a good impression on you.
Discussion (b];f\d;) - fye;Jiuahly;.

FO fye;Jiuahlypd; jiyg;Gfs; tpj;jpahrkhf ,Uf;Fk;.
Ex : Group discussion topics will be different.
Resume (nu];A+k;) - jw;Fwpg;G.

epWtdj;jpw;F cq;fSila jw;Fwpg;ig mDg;gTk;.
Ex : Please send your resume to the company.
Authentic (mnjd;bf;) - cz;ikahd.

NeHfhzypd; NghJ cq;fSila gjpy;fs; cz;ikahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : Your answers must be authentic during interview.
Vigilance (tp[pnyd;];) - fz;fhzpg;G.

fz;fhzpg;G rupahf ,y;yhjjhy; ill;lhdpf; fg;gy; tpgj;Jf;Fs;shdJ.
Ex : Lack of vigilance caused the titanic ship to crash.
Refusal (nugpA+ry;) - kWj;jy;.

vd;id ghHf;f mtH kWg;gJ xU mtkupahijahf ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : His refusal to see me was an affront.
Dolt (Nlhy;l;) - Kl;lhs;.

mtu;fs; uh[{it Kl;lhs; vd;W epidj;jhu;fs;.
Ex : They thought Raju is a dolt.
Quotation (nfhNl\d;) - Nkw;Nfhs;.

35 Mk; gf;fj;jpy; ePq;fs; Nkw;Nfhisf; fhzyhk;.
Ex : You'll find the quotation on page 35.
35
Obvious (Mg;tpa];) - njspthd.
mtHfSf;F ,ilNa xU njspthd NtWghL cs;sJ.
Ex : There is an obvious difference between them.
Foster (gh];lH) - tsHg;G.

Forfeit (NghHnga;l;) - tpl;LnfhLj;jy;.

mtUf;F gpbj;j nghOJNghf;if mtH tpl;LnfhLg;gJ rhj;jpakw;wJ.
Ex : To forfeit his favourite hobby would be impossible for him.
Evolve (Vthy;t;) - cUthFjy;.

epWtdk; xU ngupa ,urhad cw;gj;jpahsuhf cUthdJ.
Ex : The company has evolved into a major chemical manufacturer.
Diplomacy (bg;sNkhrp) - ,uh[je;jpuk;.

rHtNjr gpur;rpidfs; ,uh[je;jpuj;jhy; jPHf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;> Nghuhy; my;y.
Ex : International problems must be solved by diplomacy, not war.
Swathe (];Ntj;) - ,Wf;fp fl;L.

nrtpyp> fhakile;j rpg;ghapd; fhiy Jzpf;fl;L nfhz;L ,Wf;f fl;bdhs;.
Ex : The nurse swathed the wounded soldier's leg by bandages.
Ascertain (m];nrHild;) - njupe;Jnfhs;s.

cz;ikapNyNa vd;d ele;jJ vd;gijj; njupe;Jnfhs;s fhty;JiwapdH Kaw;rp
nra;fpwhHfs;.
Ex : The police are trying to ascertain what really happened.
Cave (Nft;) - Fif.

Fiffs; gy;NtW epytpay; nray;Kiwfs; %yk; cUthfpd;wd.
Ex : Caves are formed by various geological processes.
Gave (Nft;) - nfhLj;jhH.

uhK mtuJ jpl;lj;ij gw;wp xU RUf;fkhd tpsf;fj;ij nfhLj;jhH.
Ex : Ramu gave a brief description about his plan.
Cold (Nfhy;L) - FspH.

,d;W kpfTk; Fspuhf ,Uf;fpwJ.
Ex : It's very cold today.
Gold (Nfhy;L) - jq;fk;

jq;fk; tpiy ehSf;F ehs; mjpfupj;J tUfpd;wd.
Ex : Gold price are increasing day by day.
36
Rabid (uhgpl;) - rPWfpw.
fyh xU rPWfpw ngz;zpathjp.
Ex : Kala is a rabid feminist.
Rabbit (uhgpl;) - Kay;.

Kay; xU ghY}l;b tpyq;fhFk;.
Ex : The rabbit is a mammal animal.
Fair (/NgH) - epahakhd.

epahakhd tpiy vd;W ePq;fs; epidf;fpwPHfsh?
Ex : Do you think that's a fair price?
Fare (/NgH) - gazf;fl;bzk;.

uapy; gadf;fl;lzq;fs; mjpfupj;J tUfpd;wd.
Ex : Train fares are increasing.
Hole (N`hy;) - Jis

kz;thupia gad;gLj;jp ngupa Jisia Njhz;L.
Ex : Dug a large hole by using a shovel.
Whole (N`hy;) - KO.

vdf;F KO fijAk; njupAk;.
Ex : I know the whole story.
Awkward (Mf;NtHL) - tpfhukhd.

mts; NkYk; rpy tpfhukhd Nfs;tpfis Nfl;lhH.
Ex : She asked some rather awkward questions.
Discharge (b];rhH[;) - ntspNaw;W.

ehq;fs; gy CopaHfis ntspNaw;w Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : We had to discharge several employees.
Emancipation (vkhdp\pNg\d;) - tpLjiy.

1863-Mk; Mz;L Mgpufhk; ypq;fd; tpLjiy mwptpg;ig ntspapl;lhH.
Ex : President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863.
Indigent (,z;bn[z;l;) - Vio.

cq;fsJ ngw;NwhH Vioahf ,Ue;jhy;> ePqf ; s; gbg;gpw;fhd ctpj;njhifia ngWtPHfs;.
Ex : If your parents were indigent, you will get scholarships.
37
Reverence (nutnud;];) - kupahij.
,e;j ftpij> ,aw;ifapd; Mo;ej ; kupahijia ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ.
Ex : The poem conveys his deep reverence for nature.
Mundane (Kd;Nld;) - rhjhuzkhf.

Muk;gj;jpy;> Ntiy kpfTk; rhjhuzkhf ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : Initially, the work was quite mundane.
Rapture (Nug;l;rH) - Nguhde;jk;

uh[{ Nguhde;jj;Jld; ghliy ftdpj;jhH.
Ex : Raju listened to the song with rapture.
Captive (Nfg;bt;) - rpiwg;gl;l.

rpiwg;gpbf;fg;gl;l tpyq;Ffisf; fhz Foe;ijfs; capupay; G+q;fhtpw;F tUfpwhHfs;.
Ex : Children come to zoos to see captive animals.
Desecrate (nlrpfpNul;) - mRj;jg;gLj;J.

ehl;bd; nfhbia mRj;jg;gLj;JtJ xU Fw;wkhFkhFk;.
Ex : It's a crime to desecrate the country's flag.
Proclamation (g;Nuhf;sNk\d;) - nghJ mwptpg;G.

murhq;fk; nghJ mwptpg;G %yk; jz;zPupd; gad;ghl;il fl;Lg;gLj;jpaJ.
Ex : The government restricted the use of water by proclamation.
Irrigation (,upNf]d;) - ePH ghrdk;.
,e;j ePu ghrd Kiw tpNehjkhdJ.
Ex : The method of irrigation is peculiar.
Fertilizer (ngbiy];) - cuk;.

cuq;fspy; ,uz;L tif cs;sJ.
Ex : There are two types of fertilizers.
Forage (NghNu[;) - jPtdk;.

fwit khLfSf;F> caH ju jPtdk; Njitg;gLfpwJ.
Ex : Dairy cows requires high quality forage.
Drought (bul;) - twl;rp.

gy tptrhapfs; twl;rpapd; NghJ ,we;jdH.
Ex : Many Farmers died during the drought.
Livestock (iyt;];lhf; ) - fhy;eil.

vq;fSila fhy;eilfs; ngUk;ghyhdit jpUlg;gl;lJ.
Ex : Most of our livestock was stolen.
38
Plow (gpnyht;) - VH fyg;ig.
gz;ila fhyq;fspy; ehk; epyj;ij cOtjw;fhf VH fyg;igia gad;gLj;jpNdhk;.
Ex : In the ancient times we used plow to plough the land.
Spade (];Ngl;) - kz;ntl;b

kz;ntl;b epyj;ij Njhz;lLtjw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk; xU fUtpahFk;.
Ex : Spade is a tool used to dig the land.
Harvest (`hHnt];l;) - mWtil.

NfhJik mWtilf;F jahuhf cs;sJ.
Ex : The wheat is ready for harvest.

uh[];jhd; ghiytdq;fspd; rpy gFjpfis rhFgbepykhf khw;wg;gLfpwJ.
Ex : Some parts of the Rajasthan desert is converted into arable.
Nomadic (nehnkbf;) - ehNlhb.
ehNlhb goq;FbapdH jq;fsJ Kfhik tUlj;jpw;F gyKiw ,lk; ngaHj;Jfpd;wdH.
Ex : The nomadic tribe moved their camp several times a year.
Oaf (X/g;) - mUtUf;fj;jf;f kdpjH.

mtd; xU mUtUf;fj;jf;f kdpjdhf mtshy; elj;jg;gl;lhd;.
Ex : She treated him is an oaf.
Callow (NfNyht;) - mDgtkw;w.

uhk; xU mDgtkw;w mYtyH.
Ex : Ram is a callow officer.
Rebuke (uPg+f;) - fz;ldk; nra;.

mtsJ nra;fSf;F mtd; fz;ldk; nra;jhd;.
Ex : He rebuked her actions.
Emend (vkd;l;) - jpUj;J.

mtH me;j ehspjopy; cs;s fl;Liuia jpUj;jpdhH.
Ex : He emended the article in the journal.
Endorse (vz;NlhH];) - rk;kjpj;J ifnahg;gkpL.

epHthfj;jpduhy; me;j mwpf;ifahdJ rk;kjpj;J ifnahg;gkplg;gl;lJ.
Ex : The report was endorsed by the management.
Impostor (,k;Ngh~;lH) - tQ;rfd;.

mtd; xU tQ;rfd; vd mts; fz;lwpe;jhs;.
Ex : She found that he is an imposter.
Idol (Ily;) - mjpfkhf Nerpf;fg;gl;ltH.

mtuJ giltPuHfshy; mtH mjpfk; Nerpf;fg;gl;ltH.
Ex : He was the idol of his soldiers.
Imbue (,k;gpa+) - Cf;Ftp.
39
mtdJ Mrpupauhy; mtd; Nghl;bapy; ntw;wp ngWtjw;F Cf;Ftpf;fg;gl;lhd;.
Ex : He is imbued by his teacher to win the competition.
Host (N`h];l;) - njhFg;ghsHfs;.

mtHfs; jhd; epfo;r;rpfspd; njhFg;ghsHfs; MtH.
Ex : They are the hosts for the programmes.
Hymn (`pk;d;) - nja;tj; jpUg;Gfo;g; ghly;.

kjFU nja;tj; jpUg;Gfo;g; ghliy ghbdhH.
Ex : The priest sang a hymn.
Impinge (,k;gpd;r;) - NkhJ.

mtd; ge;Jfis kw;wtHfspd; kPJ Nkhjtpl;lhd;.
Ex : He allowed balls to impinge on the others.
Illicit (,yprpl;) - rl;l tpNuhj.

mtd; rl;ltpNuhj tHj;jfj;jpy; njhuHGilatdha; ,Uf;fpwhd;.
Ex : He involves in an illicit trade.
Gentry (n[d;l;up) - Nkd; kf;fs;.

khfhzj;jpy; Nkd;kf;fs; kj;jpapy;> uh[h kupahij nra;ag;gl;lhH.
Ex : Among the gentry of the province, Raja was respected.
Grotto (FNuhl;Nlh) - Fif.

nrd;idapy; me;j Fif mike;Js;sJ.
Ex : The grotto is situated in chennai.
Errand (vHuhz;L) - J}J.

mtDf;fhf XH J}J mDg;GkhW uhkplk; mtd; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhd;.
Ex : He asked ram to send an errand for him.
Errant (vHuhz;l;) - jtW.

ehd; xUnghOJk; mtDila jtwhd topfis kd;dpf;fkhl;Nld;.
Ex : I never forgive his errant ways.
Doff (lh/g;) - fow;W.

mtDila jiyftrj;ij mtd; fow;wpdhd;.
Ex : He doffed his helmet.
Curt (fHl;) - RUf;fkhd.

mtdJ gjpy; RUf;fkhdjhf ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : His reply was curt.
Dearth (bnaHj;) - gQ;rk;.

cztpw;fhd kpfg;ngupa gQ;rk; mq;Nf ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : There was a grant dearth of food.
Oyster (Xa;];lH) - rpg;gp.

,e;j efuj;jpd; gpujhd njhopy; rpg;gpfis Nrfupg;gNj MFk;.
Ex : Gathering oysters is the main business of this town.
40
Parity (Ngupl;b) - rk kjpg;G.
tUtha;f;fhd rk kjpg;G> fpuhkg;Gw kw;Wk; efHg;Gw njhopyhsHfSf;F ,ilNa ,y;iy.
Ex : There is no parity of income between rural and urban employees.
Previse (gpupit~;) - vjpH ghH.

ehq;fs; ve;j rpukq;fisAk; vjpH ghHf;ftpy;iy.
Ex : We did not previse any difficulties.
Revel (nuty;) - Muthuj;Jld; nfhz;lhL.

mtdJ ntw;wpia Muthuj;Jld; mtd; nfhz;lhbdhd;.
Ex : He reveled in his success.
Gaunt (nfsd;l;) - nkype;J.

mts; kpfTk; nkype;J fhzg;gl;lhs;.
Ex : She looks very gaunt.
Gamut (fhnkl;) - tuk;G.

khztHfs; tFg;giwapy; tuk;G kPwp ele;J nfhz;ldH.
Ex : Student cross their gamut in classroom.
Accurate (mf;fpa+Nul;) - Jy;ypakhd.

vdJ if fbfhuk; kpfTk; Jy;ypakhdJ my;y.
Ex : My watch is not very accurate.
Calm (fhk;) - mikjpahd.

mtH xU mikjpahd egH.
Ex : He is a calm person.
Scar (];NfH) - jOk;G.

mtdJ tyJ ifapy; mtDf;F jOk;G cs;sJ.
Ex : He has scar on his right hands.
Scare (];NfH) - jpBnud gaq;fhl;L.

mtHfs; jpBnud vdf;F gak; fhl;bdH.
Ex : They gave me a scare.
Origin (Mup[pd;) - Njhw;wk;.

ek;Kila fy;tp Kiwapd; Njhw;wk; gpupl;b~; kf;fshy; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.
Ex : The origin of our education system is given by british people.
Patience (Ngrd;];) - nghWik.

mtDila nghWikf;Fk; vy;iy cz;L.
Ex : There was a limit to his patience.
Impede (,k;ngl;) - jhkjg;gLj;J.

Ntiyia jhkjg;gLj;jpajw;F epiwa fhuzq;fs; cs;sJ.
Ex : The work was impeded by a number of factors.
Dour (nlsH) - fLikahd.

mtDila Ngr;R fLikahdJ.
41
Ex : His speech was dour.
Besiege (gpir[;) - Kw;Wf;ifapL.

mts; gj;jpupf;ifahsHfshy; Kw;Wf;ifaplg;gl;lhs;.
Ex : She was been besieged by reporters.
paradox (Ngulf;];) - Kuz;ghL.

rk;ke;jg;gLj;Jjypy; epiwa Kuz;ghLfs; cs;sJ.
Ex : Implications has many paradoxes.
Erratic (,uhl;bf;) - xOq;fw;w.

mtd; xOq;fw;W fhzg;gl;lhd;.
Ex : The boy looks erratic.
Trance (buhd;~;) - epidtpoe;j epiy.

mtid rpwpJ epidtpoe;j epiyf;F mts; js;spdhs;.
Ex : She put him into a light trance.
Interaction (,z;bNuf;~d;) - njhlHG.

xt;nthU gs;spapYk; khztHfs; kw;Wk; MrpaHfSf;F ,ilNa cs;s njhlHG kpf
Kf;fpakhdJ.
Ex : The interaction between students and teachers very important in every school.
Organization (MHfidNr~d;) - epWtdk;.

mJ xU Muha;r;rp epWtdk; MFk;.
Ex : It is a research Organization.
Itinerant (,bnduz;l;) - CH Cuhf gazk; nra;gtH.

mtH CH Cuhf gazk; nra;Ak; mikr;ruhf nray;gLfpwhH.
Ex : He acts as a itinerant minister.
Yare (NaH) - Ntfkhf.

NgUe;J Ntfkhf te;Jtpl;lJ.
Ex : The bus became yare.
Lift (ypg;l;) - J}f;F.

mtUf;F me;j ngl;bia J}f;f mtd; cjtp nra;jhd;.
Ex : He helped him to lift the box.
Huddle (`by;) - xd;W NrH.

mtHfs; clw;gapw;rpf;fhf xd;W NrHe;jdH.
Ex : They huddled for exercise.
Push (G];) - js;S.

fjit js;S.
Ex : Push the door.
Predict (gphpbf;l;) - fzpf;f .
42
vd;dhy; mtis fzpf;f Kbatpy;iy.
Ex : I can't predict her.
Confer (fhd;ngH) - xd;W $b MNyhrid nra;.

Kjy;tH MrpupaHfSld; xd;W $b MNyhrid nra;jhH.
Ex : The principal was conferring with teachers.
Absorb (mg;rhHg;) - cwpQ;R.

jhtuq;fs; NtHfs; %yk; jz;zPiu cwpQ;rpfpwJ.
Ex : The plants absorbs water through roots.
Educable (NabfGy;) - fw;fjf;f.

xt;nthU Foe;ijAk; fw;fjf;ftHfs; vd;W MrpaHfs; ek;GfpwhHfs;.
Ex : The teachers believe that every child is educable.
Shake (N~f;) - FYf;F.

Fg;gpia gad;gLj;Jtjw;F Kd; ed;whf FYf;F.
Ex : Shake the bottle well before use.
Allot (mNyhl;) - gfpHe;J nfhL.

gzpahl;fSf;F Ntiyfis NkyhsH gfpHe;J nfhLj;jhH.
Ex : The manager allotted the works to the workers.
Aloud (myt;L) - cuf;f.

cuf;f gb.
Ex : Read aloud.
Apace (vNg~;) - Jupjkhf.

mtsJ thHj;ijj;jpwd; Jupjkhf tsHfpwJ.
Ex : Her vocabulary grows apace.
Beget (gpnfl;) - tpistp.

Ntiyapy;yhj; jpz;lhl;lk; Fw;wq;fis tpistpf;fpwJ.
Ex : The unemployment begets the crimes.
Benign (gpidd;) - md;ghd.

mtsJ Kfk; mikjpahfTk; kw;Wk; md;ghdjhfTk; ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : Her face was calm and benign.
Cant (Nfz;l;) - ,opT.

ePq;fs; mtDJ NeHikahd Ntiyiag; gw;wp ,opT nra;af; $lhJ.
Ex : You should not cant about his honest work.
Cask (Nf~;f;) - gPg;gha;.

ghdq;fs; tof;fkhf gPg;gha;fspy; itf;fg;gLk;.
Ex : The beverages usually kept in casks.
Consign (fd;ird;) - xg;gil.

Nkyhsuplk; Mtdq;fis mtd; xg;gilj;jhd;.
43
Ex : He consigned the documents to the manager.
Demit (bkpl;) - uh[pdhkh nra;.

mtdJ Ntiyia mtd; uh[pdhkh nra;jhd;.
Ex : He demitted his job.
Discern (b];nrHd;) - fhz;.

vd;dhy; me;j ,uz;L nfhs;iffSf;fpilNa cs;s tpj;jpahrj;ij fhz Kbatpy;iy.
Ex : I can't discern difference between the two policies.
Disciple (brpgpy;) - gpd;gw;WgtH.

fhe;jpia gpd;gw;WgtHfs; mtHfs; MtH.
Ex : They are the disciples of Gandhi.
Erect (vnuf;l;) - epWT.

me;j epWtdj;jhy; Gjpa fl;blkhdJ epWtg;gl;lJ.
Ex : New building is erected by the company.
Fag (/Ngf;) - kpf cio.

rupahd tpilia ngWtjw;F kpfTk; ciof;f Ntz;bajpy;iy.
Ex : There is no need to fag away to get the right answer.
Gouge (nfs[;) - Njhz;b vL.

fopTg; nghUl;fshdJ fhy;thapypUe;J Njhz;b vLf;fg;gl;lJ.
Ex : The wastage material is gouged out from the channel.
Handy (N`z;b) - vspjpy; ifahsf;$ba.

,e;j fUtp vspjpy; ifahsf;$bajhf njupfpwJ.
Ex : This device seems to be a handy.
Loon (Y}d;) - kilad;.

mtd; xU kilad;.
Ex : He is a loon.
Mingle (kpq;fpy;) - NrH.

mtd; mtHfSld; NrHe;jhd;.
Ex : He mingled with them.
Ordain (MHild;) - cj;jputpL.

,uz;L Fw;wq;fSf;Fk; me;j ePjpkd;wk; jz;lidia cj;jutpl;lJ.
Ex : The court ordained the punishments for the two crimes.
Reimburse (upkpk;gH~;) - <L nra;.

mtHfsJ ,og;gPLfis KjyPl;lhsHfs; <L nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : The investors should be reimbursed for their loses.
Owe (Xt;) - fld;gl;bU.
44
mtsplk; mtd; fld;gl;bUf;fpwhd;.
Ex : He is owed to her.
Coy (Nfha;) - ehzk;.

mts; ehzj;Jld; $ba rpupg;ig mtDf;F toq;fpdhs;.
Ex : She gave him a coy smile.
Search (N~Hr;) - Njly;.

mts; xU ghdj;ij Njb rikay; miwf;Fs; nrd;whs;.
Ex : She went into the kitchen in search of a drink.
Allude (mY}L) - Fwpg;gpL.

ehq;fs; Kf;fpakhd fUj;Jfis Fwpg;gpLNthk;.
Ex : We will allude briefly to the main points.
Badger (Ngl;[H) - njhe;juT nra;.

me;j xg;ge;jj;ij gw;wp gj;jpupf;ifahsHfs; mtdpld; Nfl;L njhe;juT nra;jdH.
Ex : Journalists badgered him about the deals.
Purge (gpa+H[;) - mg;Gwg;gLj;J.

mtH fl;rpapy; ,Ue;j jPtputhjpfis mg;Gwg;gLj;jpdhH.
Ex : He purged extremists from the party.
Track (buhf;) - RtL.

gdpg; gFjpapy; RtLfis Kay;fs; tpl;Lr; nrd;wd.
Ex : Rabbits had left tracks in the snow.
Tame (Nlk;) - ed;F gofpa.

mtHfs; ed;F gofpatHfshf ,Ue;jdH.
Ex : They were so tame.
Aver (mtH) - mwptp.

uhk; xU mg;ghtp vd;W mtd; mwptpj;jhd;.
Ex : Ram averred that he was an innocent.
Limn (ypkd;) - tptukhf tpsf;F.

mtSila fijfspy; xU gz;Gs;s cyfj;ij tptukhf tpsf;fpdhs;.
Ex : She limns a gentler world in her novels.
Slope (];Nyhg;) - rupT.

xU ruptpd; kPJ me;j efukhdJ fl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Ex : The town is built on a slope.
Crux (FUf;];) - fbdg; gpur;rid.

me;j fbdg; gpur;rdia mtdhy; jPHj;J itf;f KbAk;.
Ex : The crux can be resolved by him.
Daunt (lhTz;l;) - gaKWj;J.
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njhopy;El;gj;jpdhy; rpy kf;fs; gaKWj;jg;gl;ldH.
Ex : Some people are daunted by technology.
Consul (fd;ry;) - J}juf mjpfhup.

mtH ,];NuYf;fhd gpupl;b~; J}juf mjpfhup MthH.
Ex : He is the British consul for Israel.
Cordon (NfhHlhd;) - ghJfhg;G tisak;.

fhty; Jiwapd; ghJfhg;G tisaj;jpw;F Kd;> $l;lj;jpdH jLj;J epWj;jg;gl;ldH.
Ex : The crowd was halted in front of the police cordon.
Cavil (Nftpy;) - mw;gkhd Ml;Nrgid.

mtHfs; nryTfs; kPJ mw;gkhd Ml;Nrgidfis njuptpj;jdH.
Ex : The caviled at the cost.
Tenet (nldl;) - nfhs;if.

me;j epWtdkhdJ cw;gj;jpia gpujhd nfhs;ifahf nfhz;Ls;sJ.
Ex : The company was the main tenets of productivity.
Effort (vNghHl;) - Kaw;rp.

cd;Dila Ntisapy; eP mjpf Kaw;rp nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : You should put more effort into your work.
Virago (tpuNfh) - mlq;fhg;gplhup.

mts; xU mlq;fhg;gplhup.
Ex : She is a virago.
Emergency (vkHn[d;rp) - mtru epiy.

,e;j fjit mtru epiyapy; kl;LNk gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : This door should only be used in an emergency.
Ensure (vd;#H) - cWjpg;gLj;J.

midj;J tpsf;FfSk; mizf;fg;gl;Ls;sjh vd jaTnra;J cWjpgLj;jTk;.
Ex : Please ensure that all lights are switched off.
Appear : Show
Appear (mg;gpaH) - fhzg;gL.
Ex : You always appear when something good is about to happen.
ey;yJ elf;Fk; nghOnjy;yhk;> eP fhzg;gLfpwha;.
Show (N~h) - fhz;gp.
Ex : I will show you where you can sleep.
eP vq;Nf cwq;FtJ vd;W ehd; cdf;F fhz;gpf;fpNwd;.
Cleaver : Intelligent
Cleaver (f;stH) - Gj;jprhyp.
Ex : She is a cleaver girl.
mts; xU Gj;jprhypahd ngz; Mths;.
Intelligent (,d;nlyp[d;l;) - mwpthHe;j.
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Ex : The teacher said that he was a intelligent student.
mtd; mwpthHe;j khztd; vd;W MrpupaH $wpdhH.
Quick : Fast
Quick (Fa;f;) - tpiuthf.
Ex : They are quick learners.
mtHfs; tpiuthf fw;Wf;nfhs;gtHfs;.
Fast (gh];l;) - Ntfk;.
Ex : He was driving the car too fast.
mtd; kfpo;t+Hjpia Ntfkhf Xl;Lfpwhd;.
Damp : Wet
Damp (Nlk;g;) - <ukhd.
Ex : Damp a small area with water.
xU rpwpa gug;gsit jz;zPupy; <ukhf;F.
Wet (ntl;) - <uk;.
Ex : I could feel the wet of his tears.
vd;dhy; mtDila fz;zPupd; <uj;ij czu Kbe;jJ.
Allot : Assign
Allot (myhl;) - xJf;Fjy;
Ex : Equal time was allotted to each person.
xt;nthUtUf;Fk; rkkhd Neuk; xJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Assign (mird;) - xJf;Fjy;.
Ex : The manager assigned the works to the employees.
NkyhsH Ntiyfis gzpahl;fSf;F xJf;fpdhH.
Appear : Disappear
Appear (mg;gpaH) - M[uhF.
Ex : He appeared on six charges of theft.
jpUl;L rk;ge;jgl;l MW Fw;wr;rhl;LfSf;F mtd; M[uhfpdhd;.
Disappear (b]g;gpaH) - kiwe;J Ngh.
Ex : He disappeared inside into the trees.
mtd; kuq;fSf;Fs;shf kiwe;J Nghdhd;.
Approve : Disapprove
Approve (mg;&t;) - xg;Gjy; nfhL.
Ex : The report was approved by government.
murhq;fj;jpdhy; mwpf;iff;F xg;Gjy; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.
Disapprove (b];mg;&t;) - epuhfup.
Ex : The bill may disapproved by the government.
kNrhjh murhq;fj;jpdhy; epuhfupf;fg;glyhk;.
Bestow : Take
Bestow (gp];lt;) - toq;F.
Ex : It is the greatest award bestowed upon man.
mJ kdpjDf;F toq;fg;gLk; kpfr; rpwe;j tpUJ MFk;.
Take (Nlf;) - vL.
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Ex : They take a pen from a box.
mtHfs; ngl;bapypUe;J Ngdhit vLj;jdH.
Best : Worst
Best (ng];l;) - rpwe;j.
Ex : He is the best speaker.
mtH rpwe;j Ngr;rhsH MthH.
Worst (nthH];l;) - Nkhrkhd.
Ex : He is the worst doctor.
mtH Nkhrkhd kUj;JtH MthH.
Win : Lose
Win (tpd;) - ntw;wp.
Ex : I can win this time.
ehd; ,e;j Kiw ntw;wpaila KbAk;.
Lose (yh];) - Njhy;tp.

Ex : India lost the cricket match to Australia.
,e;jpah kl;il ge;J Ml;lj;jpy; M];jpNuypahtplk; Njhy;tpAw;wJ.
Albedo (my;NgNlh) - vjpnuhsp jpwd;.

vjpnuhsp jpwd; vd;gJ gpujpgypg;G my;yJ xspapay; gpufhrj;jpw;fhd xU msthFk;.
Ex : Albedo is a measure of reflectance or optical brightness.
Antimatter (md;bNkl;lH) - vjpHg;nghUs;.

vjpHnghUspy; > GNuhl;lhDf;F vjpHkpd;D}l;lKk; vyf;l;uhd;fSf;F NeHkpd;D}l;lKk;
cs;sJ.
Ex : In antimatter, proton have a negative charge while electrons have a positive charge.
Apsis (mg;rp];) - Rw;Wg;ghij tPr;R.

Rw;Wg;ghij tPr;R vd;gJ xU fpufj;jpd; Rw;Wg; ghijapy; cs;s xU Gs;sp MFk;.
Ex : An apsis is a point in an orbit.
Asteroid (m];nluha;L) - rpWNfhs;.

[_d; 30 k; Njjp rHtNjr rpWNfhs; jpdkhf If;fpa mnkupf;fh mwptpj;Js;sJ.
Ex : The United States has announced International Asteroid Day on June 30th.
Aurora (mNuhuh) - JUt xsp.

JUt xsp vd;gJ thdpy; Njhd;Wk; xU ,aw;if xsp fhl;rp MFk;.
Ex : Aurora is a natural light display in the sky.
Azimuth (m\pKj;) - jpirtpy;.

jpirtpy; vd;gJ xU nghUspd; Nfhzj; njhiyT MFk;.
Ex : Azimuth is an angular distance of an object.
Big Bang Theory (gpf; Ngq; jpaup) - ngU ntbg;Gf; Nfhl;ghL.
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ngU ntbg;Gf; Nfhl;ghL vd;gJ mz;lk; vt;thW Njhd;wpaJ vd;gJ gw;wp tpsf;f KaYk;
xU Nfhl;ghlhFk;.
Ex : Big Bang Theory is a theory that explains how the universe was appeared
Comet (fhnkl;) - thy;kPd;.

1680 Mk; Mz;L etk;gH 14 Mk; Njjp gpufhrkhd thy;kPd; Njhd;wpaJ
Ex : A bright comet has appeared on 14 November 1680.
Cosmic Ray (fh];kpf; Nu) - mz;lf; fjpH.

mz;lf; fjpHfis ,uz;L tiffshf gpupf;fyhk;.
Ex : Cosmic rays can be divided into two types.
Cosmology (fh];Nkhy[p) - mz;ltpay;.

mz;ltpay; vd;gJ mz;lj;jpd; Njhw;wk;> ,af;fk;> fl;likg;G> gupzhkk; gw;wpa
Ma;thFk;.
Ex : Cosmology is a study of the origin, movement, structure, and evolution of the universe.
Archipelago (mHr;rpngyNfh) - jPTf;$l;lk;

ngUk;ghyhd jPTfSld; $ba jPTf;$l;lk; RtPldpy; cs;s fpof;F flw;fiu MFk;.
Ex : The archipelago with the most islands is the Swedish East Coast.
Arroyo (mHNuhNah) - twz;l MW.

twz;l MWfs; ngUk;ghYk; njw;F gFjpapy; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
Ex : Arroyos are found mostly in the southern region.
Atoll (mNlhy;) - gtsj; jPT.

gtsj;jPT vd;gJ gtsg; ghiwfshy; cUthdj; jPT MFk;.
Ex : Atoll is an island formed by coral rocks.
Valley (Ntyp) - gs;sj;jhf;F.

mtHfs; Kw;wpYk; kiyfshy; R+og;gl;Ls;s Mokhd gs;sj;jhf;fpy; ,Ue;jhHfs;.
Ex : They were in a deep valley completely surrounded by mountains.
Bay (Ng) - tpupFlh.

tq;fhs tpupFlh> cyfpd; kpfg; ngupa tisFlh MFk;.
Ex : The Bay of Bengal, is the largest bay in the world.
Brook (G&f;) - rpw;Nwhil.

\Pyh rpw;Nwhilapy; Foe;ijfs; ePe;jp nfhz;bUg;gij ghHj;jhs;.
Ex : Sheela watched the children swimming in the brook.
Butte (Gl;Nl) - nkhl;ilf; Fd;W

nkhl;ilf; Fd;Wfs; rkntsp kw;Wk; kiyg;gFjpfspy; cs;s epyg;gFjpfs; MFk;.
Ex : Buttes are the territories in plains and mountainous areas.
Caldera (Nfy;nluh) - mfd;w vupkiytha;.

nrt;tha; fpufj;jpy; cs;s mfd;w vupkiythapd; ruhrup tpl;lk; 48 fpkP MFk;.
Ex : The average diameter of caldera on Mars is 48 km.
Canal (Nfzy;) - fhy;tha;.

gdhkh fhy;tha; ml;yhz;bf; flYld; grpgpf; fliy ,izf;fpwJ.
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Ex : The Panama canal connects the Atlantic ocean with the Pacific ocean.
Canyon (Nfd;ahd;) - nrq;Fj;jhd gs;sj;jhf;F.

nrq;Fj;jhd gs;sj;jhf;F ,uz;L kiy cr;rpfSf;F ,ilapy; cs;s gpsit Fwpf;Fk;.
Ex : A canyon may also refer to a rift between two mountain peaks.
Carton (NfHl d;) - ml;ilg;ngl;b.

ml;ilngl;bapy; ,Ue;J uhK Kl;ilfis xt;nthd;whf vLj;jhd;.
Ex : Ramu took the eggs out of the carton one by one.
Casket (Nf];nfl;) - rpkpo;.

\Pyh xU rpwpa ntz;fy rpkpio itj;jpUe;jhy;.
Ex : Sheela has a small brass casket.
Hopper (`hg;gH) - mz;lh.

vd; jha; xU Gjpa mz;lhit thq;fpdhH.
Ex : My mother bought a new hopper.
Basket (Ng];fl;) - $il.

$ilapy; rpy ey;y Mg;gps;fSk; cs;sd.
Ex : There are some good apples in the basket.
Bowl (gTs;) - fpz;zk;.

,e;j cNyhf fpz;zk; kpfTk; tpiy caHe;jJ.
Ex : This metal bowl is more expensive.
Jar ([hH) - [hb.

,e;j nts;sp [hbapd; kjpg;G vd;d ?
Ex : What is the worth of this silver jar ?
Mug (kf;) - $[h.

uh[h> ,uz;L $[htpy; fhgp nfhz;L rikayiwapy; ,Ue;J jpUk;gp te;jhH.
Ex : Raju returned from the kitchen with two mugs of coffee.
Tray (bNu) - jhk;ghsk;.

midj;J tpjkhd eWkz nghUl;fSk; jhk;ghsj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.
Ex : All kinds of aromatic substances were kept in the tray.
Suitcase (R+l;Nf];) - ifg;ngl;b.

vd;dhy; ,e;j ifg;ngl;bia vLf;f KbahJ. ,J kpfTk; fdkhf cs;sJ.
Ex : I can't carry this suitcase. It's too heavy.
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0. Tin (bd;) - jfuf;Ftis.
uh[h xU Gjpa jfuf;Ftisia thq;fpdhH.
Ex : Raju brought a new tin.
Molluscs (nkhS];f;];) - nky;Ylyp.

ej;ijfs; kw;Wk; Mf;Nlhg]; nky;Ylypfs; MFk;.
Ex : Snails and octopuses are molluscs.
Echinoderms (vf;fpNehnlHk;];) - Kl;Njhyp.

Kl;Njhypfs; tpjtpjkhd epwq;fisf; nfhz;lit.
Ex : Echinoderms have different colors.
Chordate (fhHNll;) - KJFehzp.

KJFehzp %d;W Jizj;njhFjpfshfg; gpupf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
Ex : The chordate is divided into three subdivisions.
Arthropod (MHj;NuhNghl;) - fZf;fhyp.

[g;ghdpa rpye;jp ez;L cyfpNyNa kpfg;ngupa fZf;fhyp MFk;.
Ex : The world's largest arthropod is the Japanese Spider Crab.
Annelid (mdpypl;) - tisag; GO.

ngUk;ghyhd tisag; GO ,dq;fs; flypYk; ed;dPupYk; tho;fpd;wd.
Ex : Most of the annelid live in sea and freshwater.
Coelenterata (Nfhapnyz;bnul;lh) - FopAlypfs;.

midj;J FopAlypfSk; ePHtho; capupdq;fs; MFk;.
Ex : All coelenterates are aquatic animals.
Cnidaria (epNlupah) - epNlupah

rpy epNlupahf;fs; xl;Lz;zpfs; MFk;.
Ex : Some cnidarians are parasites.
Tardigrade (lhHbfpNul;) - ePHf; fub.

nghJthf> ePHf; fubfs; RkhH 0.5 kpkP ePskhf ,Uf;Fk;.
Ex : Usually, tardigrades are about 0.5 mm long.
Acanthocephala (mfhe;NjhNrghy) - nfhf;fpg;GO.

nfhf;fpg; GOf;fspd; MAs; fhyk; 5 my;yJ MW Mz;L fhykhFk;.
Ex : The lifetime of acanthocephala is about five or six years.
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Flatworm (gpNyl;thHk;) - jl;ilg; GO.
jl;ilg; GOf;fs; ngUk;ghydit CDz;zpfs;.
Ex : Flatworms are mostly predators.
Adjective (ml;n[f;bt;) - cupr;nrhy;.

gy nkhopfspy;> cupr;nrhw;fis xg;gPL nra;ayhk;.
Ex : In many languages, adjectives can be compared.
Adverb (ml;ntHg;) - tpidail.

tpidailapy; 5 mbg;gil tiffs; cs;sd.
Ex : There are 5 basic types of adverbs.
Auxiliary Verb (Mf;]pnyup ntHg;) - Jiztpid.

cyfpd; gy nkhopfspy;> Jiztpidfs; xU ,yf;fzf; $whff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
Ex : Auxiliary verb is seen as a grammatical element in many languages of the world.
Conjunction (fd;[q;f;\d;) - ,izg;Gr;nrhw;fs;.

%d;W tifahd ,izg;Gr;nrhw;fs; cs;sd.
Ex : There are three types of conjunctions.
Homophone (N`hNkhNghd; ) - xg;nghyp.

xg;nghyp thHj;ijfSf;F xNu cr;rupg;G ,Uf;Fk;.
Ex : Homophone words have same pronunciation.
Idiom (,bak;) - kuGj;njhlH.

,Jtiu ehk; vj;jid kuGj;njhliu gbj;Js;Nshk; ?
Ex : How many idioms have we studied so far?
Noun (eTd;) - ngaHr;nrhy;.

gy;NtW tifahd ngaHr;nrhy; cs;sJ.
Ex : There are several different types of noun.
Metaphor (nkl;lgH) - cUtf mzp.

mtH Nfhgkhf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ mtH xU Gyp jhd; vd;gJ cUt mzpapd;
cjhuzkhFk;.
Ex : He is a tiger when he is angry is an example of metaphor.
Preposition (g;upnghrp\d;) - Kd;dpilr;nrhy;.

Kd;dpilr;nrhy; vd;gJ xU thf;fpaj;jpy; ngaHr;nrhy;> cr;rupg;Gfs; kw;Wk;
nrhw;nwhlHfis ,izf;fg; gad;gLfpwJ.
Ex : A preposition is used to link noun, pronouns and phrases in a sentence.
52
Verb (ntHg;) - tpidr;nrhy;.
tpidr;nrhw;fspy; 5 tiffs; cs;sd.
Ex : There are 5 types of verbs.
Auditor (Mbl;lH) - jzpf;ifahsH.

jzpf;ifahsHfs; epWtdj;jpd; fzf;Ffis rupghHf;fpwhHfs;.
Ex : The auditors checking the company's accounts.
Balance sheet (ghyd;]; rPl;) - Ie;njhiff; Fwpg;G.

Nfhg;G> xU Ie;njhiff; Fwpg;G kw;Wk; tUtha; mwpf;ifia nfhz;Ls;sJ.
Ex : The file consists of a balance sheet and an income statement.
Debit (nlgpl;) - gw;W.

vdJ gw;W ml;il %yk; kpd; fl;lzj;ij ehd; nrYj;jpNdd;.
Ex : I paid the electricity bill with my debit card.
Credit (fpnubl;) - fld;.

vd;dplk; fld; ml;il ,y;iy.
Ex : I don't have a credit card.
Transaction (l;uhd;]hf;\d;) - guptHj;jid.

guptHj;jidapd; midj;J tptuq;fSk; Nfhg;gpy; cs;sd.
Ex : All the details of the transaction are found in the file.
Demurrage (nlKNu[;) - Rzf;ff; fl;lzk;.

JiwKfj;jpy; ve;j tpj Vw;WkjpAk; ,wf;FkjpAk; ,y;iy> vdNt ehk; Rzf;ff; fl;lzk;
gw;wp ftiy gl Ntz;lhk;.
Ex : There is no export and import in the harbour so we no need to worry about demurrage.
Expense (vf;];ngd;];) - nryT

jzpf;ifahsuplk; epWtdj;jpd; midj;J nrytpdq;fisAk; ehd; rkHg;gpj;Jtpl;Nld;.
Ex : I have submitted all the company expenses to the auditor.
Distraint (b];l;nua;d;l;) - ifg;gw;Wif.

gy rl;ltpNuhj Mtzq;fs; tUkhd tup Jiw %yk; ifg;gw;wgl;ld.
Ex : Many illegal documents were distraint by the income tax department.
Investments (,d;nt];l;nkz;l;];) - KjyPLfs;.

,e;j Mz;by; KjyPLfs; ,ul;bg;ghf cs;sJ.
Ex : Investments is doubled in this year.
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Gross profit (fpuh]; g;Nuhgpl;) - nkhj;j ,yhgk;.
,e;j epWtdj;jpd; nkhj;j yhgk; ,yhgfukhdjhf ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : Gross profit of this company was profitable.
Detective (bnlf;bt;) - Jg;gwpahsH.

uh[_tpd; tof;if tprhupj;j Jg;gwpahsH ePjpgjpaplk; ,Wjp mwpf;ifia mspj;jhH.
Ex : The detective who investigated the Raju's case gave the final report to the judge.
Guard (fhHl;) - fhtyH.

mq;F vj;jid fhtyHfs; ,Ue;jdH?
Ex : How many guards are there?
Interpol (,d;lHNghy;) - gd;dhl;Lf; fhtyfk;.

gd;dhl;Lf; fhtyfk; 1923 k; Mz;L cUthf;fg;gl;l fhty;Jiw mikg;G MFk;.
Ex : Interpol is a police organization created in the year 1923.
Arrest (mnu];l;) - ifJ.

jpUld; NghyPrhuhy; ifJ nra;ag;gl;lhd;.
Ex : The thief was arrested by the police.
Culprit (fyg;upl;) - Fw;wthsp.

Njhl;lj;jpy; xU Fw;wthsp cs;sjhy; jaT nra;J ftdkhf ,Uf;fTk;.
Ex : Please be aware that there is a culprit in the garden.
Criminal record (fpupkpdy; nufhHl;) - Fw;wtpay; gjpT.

ek; ehl;by; Fw;wtpay; gjpT nfhz;l vtiuAk; ehk; mDkjpf;f $lhJ.
Ex : We should not allow anyone with a criminal record in our country.
Firearms (igaHMHk;];) - RLfyd;fs;.

Jg;ghf;fpfs; Nghd;w gjpT nra;ag;glhj RLfyd;fis vLj;Jr; nry;tJ rl;ltpNuhjkhdJ.
Ex : It is illegal to carry unregistered firearms like rifles.
Handcuffs (N`z;l;fg;];) - if tpyq;F.

Nki[apd; kPJ if tpyq;F ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : There was a handcuff on the table.
Patrol (Ngl;Nuhy;) - Nuhe;J.

fhty;JiwapdH jq;fsJ flw;fiuNahu Nuhe;Jf;fis mjpfupj;jdH.
Ex : The police have increased their shoreline patrols.
54
Constable (fhd;];lgps;) - jhzhf;fhuH.
xU jhzhf;fhuH midj;J tprhuizfisAk; ifahSfpwhH.
Ex : A constable is handling all enquiries.
Chisel (rpnry;) - csp.
mtHfs; xU fy;iy ntl;l Rj;jp kw;Wk; cspiag; gad;gLj;jpdH.
Ex : They used a hammer and chisel to cut down a stone.
Crowbar (f;NuhghH) - flg;ghiu.

flg;ghiuia nfhz;L fpzW Njhz;lTk;.
Ex : Dig the well using crowbar.
Hand Saw (N`z;l; rh) - if uk;gk;.

if uk;gj;ij gad;gLj;jp> kuq;fspd; tpspk;Gfis ftdkhf ntl;Lq;fs;.
Ex : Cut the edges of the tree carefully by using a hand saw.
Hammer (N`kH) - Rj;jp.

ehd; fUtp ngl;bapy; vd;Dila Rj;jpia itj;Njd;. Mdhy; mJ njhiye;Jtpl;lJ.
Ex : I kept my hammer in the toolbox. But it was lost.
Lathe (Nyj;) - filry; ,ae;jpuk;.

filry; ,ae;jpuk; njhopw;rhiyfspy; mjpf mstpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
Ex : The lathe is highly used in factories.
Mallet (Nknyl;) - kur;Rj;jp.

uhK jdJ kur;Rj;jpia gyif kPJ itj;jhH.
Ex : Ramu kept his mallet on the bench.
Screw (];fpU) - jpUfhzp

jpUfhzpia jsHj;j> mij ,lJ gf;fk; jpUg;gTk;.
Ex : To loosen a screw, turn it to the left.
Sickle (rpfpy;) - mupths;.

jiuapy; fplf;Fk; mupthis vLf;fTk;.
Ex : Take the sickle which is on the floor.
Spade (];Ngl;) - kz;ntl;b.

ehd; Njhl;lj;jpw;F vd;Dila kz;ntl;bia vLj;J nrd;Nwd;.
Ex : I took my spade to the garden.
55
Linchpin (ypd;r;gpd;) - mr;rhzp.
rf;fuj;jpy; cs;s mr;rhzp cile;Jtpl;lJ.
Ex : The linchpin on the wheel was broken.
Acquit (mf;tpl;) - tpLjiy nra;.

NghJkhd rhl;rp ,y;iy vd;gjhy; ePjpgjp jpUlid tpLjiy nra;jhH.
Ex : The jury acquit the thief because there is no enough evidence.
Affidavit (mgpNltpl;) - cWjpr; rhd;W.

ePjpkd;wg; gad;ghLfspy; cWjpr; rhd;W vd;gJ xU Vw;Giu MFk;.
Ex : In the court applications, affidavit is a term of acceptance.
Allegation (mypNf\d;) - Fw;wr;rhl;L.

jpUlid gw;wpa Fw;wr;rhl;Lfis fhty;JiwapdH tprhupj;jdH.
Ex : Police investigate the allegation about the theif.
Argument (MHFnkd;l;) - thjk;.

tf;fPy;fYf;fpilNa thjk; Vw;gl;lJ.
Ex : There was an argument between lawyers.
Bail (ngapy;) - [hkPd;.

uh[{ [hkPdpy; tpLtpf;fg;gl;lhH.
Ex : Raju has been released on bail.
Bankruptcy (Ngq;f;ug;l;rp) - jpthy; epiy.

mYtyfk; jpthy; epiyapy; cs;sJ.
Ex : The office was in a bankruptcy.
Confession (fhd;ng\d; ) - thf;F%yk;.

uh[{ nfhiyf;F vjpuhf thf;F%yk; nfhLj;jhH.
Ex : Raju gave confession against the murder.
Custody (f];lb) - fhtypy;.

fhty;JiwapdH jpUlid mtHfsJ fhtypy; itf;f mioj;J nrd;wdH.
Ex : The police took the thief to their custody.
Decree (bf;uP) - Miz.

ePjpgjp Mizapd; gb uhK tpLjiy nra;ag;gl;lhH.
Ex : According to the judge decree, Ramu was released.
Defendant (bngz;lz;l;) - gpujpthjp.

gpujpthjpaplk; ve;jnthU Kd;epge;jidAk; ,y;iy.
56
Ex : The defendant has no prerequisite.
Chrysoberyl (fpiuN]hngupy;) - nghd; nts;isf; fy;.

rhjhuz nghd; nts;isf; fy; kQ;rs; - gr;ir epwj;jpYk; ntspg;gilahfTk; ,Uf;Fk;.
Ex : Ordinary chrysoberyl is yellowish-green in color and transparent.
Marble (khHgpy;) - gspq;F.

nghJthf rpw;gk; kw;Wk; fl;bl nghUshf gspq;F fy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
Ex : Marble is commonly used for sculpture and as a building material.
Soapstone (nrhg;];Nlhd; ) - Nrhg;Gf;fy;.

Nrhg;Gf;fy; ngUk;ghYk; tPLfs; kw;Wk; kpd; $WfSf;F xU kpd;fhg;ghdhf
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
Ex : Soapstone is often used as an insulator for housing and electrical components.
Garnet (fhHndl;) - NfhNkjfk;.

NfhNkjfk; gy tz;zq;fspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
Ex : Garnet are found in many colors.
Amethyst (mkpjp\;b ) - nrt;te;jpf;fy;.

nrt;te;jpf;fy; ngUk;ghYk; eiffspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
Ex : Amethyst is mostly used in jewellery.
Limestone (iyk;];Nlhd; ) - Rz;zhk;Gf; fy;.

RkhH 10% tz;ly; ghiwfs; Rz;zhk;Gf; fy; MFk;.
Ex : About 10% of sedimentary rocks are limestones.
Moonstone (%d;];Nlhd;) - re;jpufhe;jk;.

re;jpufhe;jk; gy E}w;whz;Lfshf eiffspy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpwJ.
Ex : Moonstone has been used in jewelry for many centuries.
Pebble (nggpy;) - $ohq;fy;.

$ohq;fy; vd;gJ xU ghiw tifia rhHe;jJ MFk;.
Ex : Pebble belongs to a rock type.
Tanzanite (Nld;ridl;) - jd;rhidw;W.

jd;rhidw;W njd; jd;rhdpahtpy; 1967 ,y; fz;L gpbf;fg;gl;lJ.
Ex : Tanzanite was found in South Tanzania in 1967.
Topaz (Nlhgh];) - G\;guhfk;.

J}a G\;guhfk; epwkw;wJ kw;Wk; ntspg;gilahdJ.
Ex : Pure topaz is colorless and transparent.
57
Service roads to NH in a pathetic condition.
Pathetic - ghpjhgkhd
Include milk in noon meal scheme : dairy farmers.

Dairy Farmers - ghy; tptrhapfs;
Clampdown on pangolin poaching has deterrent effect.

Deterrent - jLf;ff;$ba
Stalin denies rift with his father.

Rift - gpsT> ntbg;G
Stay on bigger pictorial warnings on tobacco packs lifted.

Pictorial - glq;fs; cila> cUtkhf
Kerala Assembly witnesses stormy scenes.

Stormy - Gaybj;j> #whtspj; jd;ik cila
Bihar students defy special arrangements to prevent cheating in intermediate examinations.

Defy - kPWfpd;wdH
We want sedition clause in IPC scrapped.

Sedition - Njrj;JNuhfk;
Railway budget may tickle taste buds of passengers.

Tickle - F\pg;gLj;J> re;Njh\g;gLj;J
A sordid record in Chattishgarh.

Sordid - ,ope;j> Nftykhd.
Agrology - (mf;Nuhy[p)
Ntshz;ikf;F gad;gLk; kz; gw;wpg; gbg;gJ mf;Nuhy[p MFk;.
Study of agricultural soils.
Climatology - (fpisNkl;Nlhy[p)
fhyepiy my;yJ jl;g ntg;gk; my;yJ rPNjh\z epiyg; gw;wp gbg;gJ fpisNkl;Nlhy[p
MFk;.
Study of climate.
Entomology - (vz;NlhNkhy[p)
g+r;rpfisg; gw;wpg; gbg;gJ vz;NlhNkhy[p MFk;.
Study of insects.
Bibliology - (gpgpypNahy[p)
Gj;jfq;fisg; gw;wpg; gbg;gJ gpgpypNahy[p MFk;.
Study of books.
Glossology - (f;NyhNrhy[p)
nkhopfisg; gw;wpg; gbg;gJ f;NyhNrhy[p MFk;.
Study of language.
58
Hepatology - (n`gNlhy[p)
fy;yPuy; gw;wpg; gbg;gJ n`gNlhy[p MFk;.
Study of liver.
Myology - (ikNahy[p)
jirfspd; fl;likg;G> nray;Kiwfspidg; gw;wpg; gbg;gJ ikNahy[p MFk;.
Study of muscles.
Ornithology - (MHepj;Njhy[p)
gwitfspidg; gw;wpg; gbg;gJ MHepj;Njhy[p MFk;.
Study of birds.
Ethnology - (vj;Ndhy[p)
fyhr;rhuj;jpidg; gw;wpg; gbg;gJ vj;Ndhy[p MFk;.
Study of cultures.
Paedology - (ngNlhy[p)
Foe;ijfspidg; gw;wpg; gbg;gJ ngNlhy[p MFk;.
Study of children
Ampere (A) - (Mk;gpaH)

kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd; myF Mk;gpaH MFk;.
The ampere is the SI base unit of electrical current.
Candela (cd) - (Nfz;nlyh)

Nfz;nlyh vd;gJ xspr; nrwptpd; myF MFk;.
The candela is the SI base unit of luminous intensity.
Kelvin (K) - (nfy;tpd;)

ntg;gepiyapd; myF nfy;tpd; MFk;.
The kelvin is the SI base unit of temperature.
Kilogram (kg) - (fpNyhfpuhk;)

epiwapd; myF fpNyhfpuhk; MFk;.
The kilogram is the SI base unit of mass.
Metre (m) - (kPl;lH)

ePsj;jpd; myF kPl;lH MFk;.
The metre is the SI base unit of length.
Watt (W) - (thl;)

jpwdpd; myF thl; MFk;.
The watt is the unit of power.
Second (s) - (nrfz;l;)

nrfz;l; vd;gJ Neuj;jpd; myF MFk;.
The second is the SI base unit of time.
Hertz (Hz) - (n`Hl;];)

mjpHntz;zpd; myF n`Hl;]; MFk;.
59
The hertz is the unit of Frequency.
Newton (N) - (epa+l;ld;)

tpirapd; myF epa+l;ld; MFk;.
The newton is the unit of force.
0. Jule (J) - ([_y;)

Mw;wypd; myF [_y; MFk;.
The jule is the unit of energy.
Femto - (/ntk;Nlh)
,jd; RUf;f FwpaPL - f, 1 * 10-15 vd;gJ mwptpay; FwpaPL MFk;.
Example : 1 femtometer
Pico - (gpf;Nfh)
,jd; RUf;f FwpaPL - p, 1 * 10-12 vd;gJ mwptpay; FwpaPL MFk;.
Example : 1 picofarad
Nano - (ehNdh)
,jd; RUf;f FwpaPL - n, 1 * 10-9 vd;gJ mwptpay; FwpaPL MFk;.
Example : 1 nanosecond
Micro - (ikf;Nuh)
,jd; RUf;f FwpaPL - , 1 * 10-6 vd;gJ mwptpay; FwpaPL MFk;.
Example : 1 microgram
Milli - (kpy;yp)
,jd; RUf;f FwpaPL - m, 1 * 10-3 vd;gJ mwptpay; FwpaPL MFk;.
Example : 1 milliohm
Centi - (nrd;b)
,jd; RUf;f FwpaPL - c, 1 * 10-2 vd;gJ mwptpay; FwpaPL MFk;.
Example : 1 centimeter
Kilo - (fpNyh)
,jd; RUf;f FwpaPL - k, 1 * 103 vd;gJ mwptpay; FwpaPL MFk;.
Example : 1 kilogram
Mega - (nkfh)
,jd; RUf;f FwpaPL - M, 1 * 106 vd;gJ mwptpay; FwpaPL MFk;.
Example : 1 MegaJoule
Giga - ([pfh)
,jd; RUf;f FwpaPL - G, 1 * 109 vd;gJ mwptpay; FwpaPL MFk;.
Example : 1 Gigavolt
Tera - (nluh)
60
,jd; RUf;f FwpaPL - T, 1 * 1012 vd;gJ mwptpay; FwpaPL MFk;.
Example : 1 Teraohm
Supreme Court does U - turn, admits plea for National Court of Appeal.
Plea (g;sP) - kD
Work on re-laying damaged roads commences in Erode.

Re-laying (uP - Nyapq;) - rPH mikj;jy;
Starting that the title deeds for the house sites were not given them despite Madras High Courts
order, villagers from Mallur picketed the Collectorate on Friday.
Deeds (Bl;];) - gj;jpuk;
One person was killed, 27 others injured in a multiple collision involving two lorries and a bus.
Collision (nfhyp\d;) - jPtpu Nkhjy;
Rs.76 Crore deficit budget for Coimbatore Corporation.

Deficit (nl/gprpl;)gw;whf;Fiw
Erode farmers sceptical of Avinashi - Athikadavu water project.

Sceptical (];Nfg;bfy;) - ek;gpf;if ,y;yhj> re;Njfk;
High Court directs panel to ascertain functioning of Anna Library.

Ascertain (mnrHnla;d;) - mwpe;Jnfhs;s
Activists demand amendment to HIV Bill.

Amendment (mnkz;l;nkd;l;) - rl;l jpUj;jk;
Former MP causes flutter in court hall.

Flutter (/t;yl;lH) - glglf;f
Pre - poll Bengal budget hikes outlay for social sector.

Outlay (mTl;Ny) nrytPL
1 inch = 25.4 mm
xU mq;Fyk; vd;gJ 25.4 kpy;ypkPl;lUf;F rkk; MFk;.
1 foot = 12 inches
xU mb vd;gJ 12 mq;Fyj;jpw;F rkk; MFk;.
1 yard = 3 feet
xU nf[k; vd;gJ 3 mbf;Fr; rkk; MFk;.
1 mile = 5280 feet

1 iky; vd;gJ 5280 mbf;F rkk; MFk;.
1 meter = 10 decimeters = 100 centimeters = 1000 millimeters

10 nlrp kPll
; Uk;> 100 nrz;bkPl;lUk;> 1000 kpy;yp kPl;lUk; xU kPl;lUf;F rkkhFk;.
1 decimeter = 10 centimeters = 100 millimeters
61
10 nrz;bkPl;lUk;> 100 kpy;yp kPl;lUk; xU nlrpkPl;lUf;F rkkhFk;.
1 centimeter = 10 millimeters
1 nrz;bkPl;lH vd;gJ 10 kpy;yp kPl;lH MFk;.
1 kilometer = 1000 meters = 10,000 decimeters = 100,000 centimeters = 1,000,000

millimeters
1000 kPl;lUk;> 10000 nlrpkPl;lUk;> 100000 nrz;bkPl;lUk;> 1000000 kpy;ypkPl;lUk; 1
fpNyhkPl;lUf;Fr; rkkhFk;.
1 kilogram = 1000 grams = 1,000,000 milligrams

1000 fpuhk;> 1000000 kpy;yp fpuhk; vd;gJ xU fpNyhfpuhkpw;F rkk; MFk;.
1 gram = 1000 milligrams

1 fpuhk; vd;gJ 1000 kpy;ypfpuhkpw;Fr; rkk; Mfk;.
Unquestionable - re;Njfkw;w> kWf;fKbahj

Ex: His musicianship is unquestionable.
Middling - ,ilepiyg;gl;l> ,uz;lhe;jukhd

Ex: He was disappointed in the renowned historians latest book, which is only middling.
Vigilant - tpopg;Gs;s> vr;rupf;ifahapUf;fpw

Ex: We remain vigilant against theft.
Ungainly - ghHf;f rfpf;fhj> mUtUghd

Ex: He was tall and ungainly.
Equipoise - <Lfl;L> rupf;fl;L

Ex: Her frugality is a much-needed equipoise to her husbands spendthrift ways.
Extradite - flj;jy; kPl;nlhg;gilg;G

Ex: Brazil refused to extradite him to Britain.
Covenant - $l;L xg;ge;jk;

Ex: There was a covenant between them that her name was never to be mentioned.
Expatriate - Gyk;ngaHe;j
Ex: American expatriates in London.
Groundwork - mbj;jsk;> m];jpthuk;

Ex: With these two books he covers most of the basic groundwork for becoming a photographer.
Mutilate - Klkhf;F> cUf;nfL> cUr;rpij

Ex: Most of the prisoners had been mutilated.
Implore - nfQ;rpf; Nfs;

Ex: She implored him to leave her alone.
Demeanor - elj;ij
62
Ex: Ravis parents felt sorrow about his demeanor actions.
Imprint - milahsk;> jlk;> Kj;jpiu

Ex: The Imprint of a foot in the sand.
Entreat - czHr;rpahHtj;Jld; xd;iwr; nra;AkhW xUthplk; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;

Ex: Students entreated teacher not to leave them alone.
Deplorable - Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;f> fz;ldj;Jf;Fupa

Ex: They are living in deplorable conditions.
Credible - ek;gj;jf;f> ek;gpf;if Cl;Lfpw

Ex: Its hardly credible that such a thing could happen without him knowing it.
Contentious - rr;ruit cz;Lgz;zf;$ba

Ex: She creates a contentious issue on her birthday celebration.
Blockade - jil tisg;G> Kw;Wif

Ex: The thieves are blockade by the police officers.
Warp - cUf; NfhzyhF> cUf; Nfhzyhf;F

Ex: The window frame was badly warped and wouldnt shut.
Fling - jpBnud;W xd;iw tPrpnawp

Ex: He flung his coat on the floor.
Ostracize - xJf;fpit
Ex: They absolutely ostracized each other.
Culpable - Fw;wg; nghWg;Gila

Ex: In the case of jewel theft, she is one of the culpable person.
Incense - rhk;gpuhzp
Ex: Adding incense to the fire gives good smell.
Flounder - NgRtjw;F my;yJ nray;gLj;Jtjw;F rpukg;gL

Ex: The questions they asked her at the interview had her floundering helplessly.
Corpse - capuw;w kdpj cly;> gpzk;

Ex: A battlefield strewn with corpses.
Rant - Mj;jpuj;Jld; NgR

Ex: His rants against organized religion.
Gratuity - cgfhuk;> nfhil

Ex: His gratuity to the Child care cetre helps to carry next achievement.
63
Tedious - fbdkhd> kdr;NrhHT+l;Lfpw
Ex: He had a tedious journey.
Fumble - jlT> njhl;L czH

Ex: She fumbled with the lock.
Intrepid - Jzpr;ryhd> mQ;rhj

Ex: An intrepid explorer who probed parts of the rain forest never previously
attempted.
Deportment - xOf;fk;
Ex: The new students were instructed in proper dress and deportment.
Credence - ek;gfj; jd;ik

Ex: Psychoanalysis finds little credence among laymen.
Importune - jpUk;gj; jpUk;gf; nfQ;rpf; Nfs;

Ex: She importuned a waiter for profiteroles.
Incandescence - ntz;RlHik
Ex: The glow touched the roses in the front yard, its silvery incandescence casting
light into the shadowed bushes.
Beastly - kpUfj;jdkhd
Ex: Its beastly, but it can be treated, especially if its caught early.
Fret - vupr;rYz;lhf;F> Nfhg%l;L

Ex: She fretted about the cost of groceries.
Lambent - nky;nyhsp tPRfpw

Ex: The magical, lambent light of the north.
Shatter - nehWf;F> gps

Ex: The window was shattered by a stone.
Trespass - vy;iy kPW> mj;J kPwp el

Ex: There is no excuse for trespassing on railway property.
Fray - Nghl;b
Ex: Nineteen companies intend to bid for the contract, with three more expected to
enter the fray.
64
Cargo ship (fhHNfh \pg;) - ruf;Ff; fg;gy;.
ruf;Ff; fg;gypy; cs;s midj;J ngl;bfisAk; mfw;wTk;.
Ex : Please remove all boxes in the cargo ship.

,e;j etPd fhyj;jpy;> Fjpiu tz;b jpUkzq;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
Ex : In this modern period, horse carriage is used in weddings.
Cart (fhHl;) - fl;il tz;b.

,e;j fl;il tz;b ,uz;L egHfshy; ,Of;fg;gl;lJ.
Ex : This cart was pulled by two persons.
Crane (fpNud;) - ghue;J}f;fp.

Mw;wpy; ,Ue;J fhiu J}f;Ftjw;fhf ehq;fs; xU ghue;J}f;fpia gad;gLj;jpNdhk;.
Ex : We used a crane to lift the car from the river.
Engine (vd;[pd;) - tpirg;nghwp.

tpirnghwpapd; xyp kpfTk; rj;jkhf ,Uf;fpwJ.
Ex : The sound of the engine was so loud.
Escalator (vf;];fpNyl;lhH) - efHgb.

gazpfs; Kjy; jsj;jpw;F efHgb %yk; nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;ldH.
Ex : The passengers were taken to the first floor by the escalator.
Fire engine (igaH vd;[pd;) - jPaizg;G thfdk;.

Xt;nthUtUk; jPaizg;G thfdj;jpw;F top tpl Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : Everyone must leave a way for the fire engines.
Parachute (ghuhR+l;) - thd;Fil.

mtru fhyj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ thd;Filia gad;gLj;jTk;.
Ex : Use the parachute in emergency period.
Space shuttle (];Ng]; ]l;by; ) - tpz;fyk;.

tpz;fyk; G+kpf;F ,d;W ghJfhg;ghf jpUk;gpaJ.
Ex : The space shuttle returned safely to earth today.
Tractor (buhf;lH) - coT ,ae;jpuk;.

coT ,ae;jpuk; Bry; vz;nzapy; nray;gLfpwJ.
Ex : The tractor operates on diesel oil.
65
Peaceable (gprgpy;) - rkhjhdk;.
ehd; rkhjhd epiyapy; cs;s xU ehl;by; tho tpUk;GfpNwd;.
Ex : I want to live in a country in a peaceable condition.
Poisonous (gha;];d];) - er;R.

rpy fhshd;fs; er;Rj;jd;ik nfhz;lit.
Ex : Some mushrooms are poisonous.
Precedence (g;nurpnld;];) - Kd;Dupik.

ePq;fs; cq;fs; gs;sp Ntiyf;F Kd;Dupik nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : You should give your precedence to school work.
Virtue (tpHl;R) - ey;nyhOf;fk;.

kfpik ey;nyhOf;fj;jpd; epoyhFk;.
Ex : Glory is the shadow of virtue.
Religious (upyp[pa];) - kjk;.

160 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l Nehahspfs; kj Xtpaq;fSld; myq;fupf;fg;gl;l miwapy;
jq;fpAs;sdH.
Ex : About 160 patients stay in dormitory rooms decorated with religious paintings.
Remainder (upikz;lH) - kPjk;.

kPjKs;s njhif [_d; ,Wjpf;Fs; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : The remainder amount must be paid by the end of June.
Reminiscence (nukpdp];nrd;];) - gioa epidT.

ehd; vd; gioa epidTfSld; gazk; nra;Njd;.
Ex : I was travelling with my old reminiscence.
Remorse (upNkhH];) - tUj;jk;.

mtuJ Fw;wq;fSf;fhf mtH tUe;jpdhH.
Ex : He felt remorse for his crimes.
Removable (upKtgy;) - ePf;ff;$ba.

,e;j ,ae;jpuj;jpy; ,uz;L ePf;ff;$ba gFjpfs; cs;sd.
Ex : This machine has two removable parts.
Self-assured (n]y;g;-m]{u;) - jd;dk;gpf;if.

,e;j ngz;fs; midtUNk kpfTk; jd;dk;gpf;ifAld; cs;sdH.
Ex : All these women seem very self-assured.
66
Priority (gpupaupl;b) - Kd;Dupik.
fy;tpNa murhq;fj;jpd; Kjy; Kd;Dupik.
Ex : Education is the government's top priority
Unlawful (md;yhGy;) - rl;ltpNuhjk;.

,J xU rl;ltpNuhjkhd nrayhFk;.
Ex : This s an unlawful act.
Vacancy (Ntfd;rp) - fhypaplk;.

vq;fs; tpw;gid Jiwapy; xU fhypaplk; cs;sJ.
Ex : There is an vacancy in our sales department.
Zenith (n]dpj;) - cr;repiy.

R+upad; ez;gfypy; mjd; cr;repiyia milAk;.
Ex : The sun reaches its zenith at noon.
Vanquish (Ntd;Ftp];) - Kwpab.

ePq;fs; cq;fs; mr;rq;fis Kwpabf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : You must vanquish your fears.
Tornado (lhHdNlh) - R+whtsp.

KO fpuhkKk; R+whtspahy; mopf;fg;gl;lJ.
Ex : The entire village was obliterated by the tornado.
Lethargic (nyjhH[pf;) - ke;jkhd.

ehd; NrhHthfTk; ke;jkhfTk; czHfpNwd;.
Ex : I am feeling tired and lethargic.
Testimony (nl];bNkhdp) - rhl;rp.

mtuJ rhl;rp tprhuizapy; Kf;fpakhdJ.
Ex : His testimony was important in the trial.
Dawn (lhd;) - tpbay;.

VTfiz jhf;Fjy;> jiyefupy; tpbaw;fhiyapy; kPz;Lk; njhlq;fpaJ.
Ex : Missile attacks on the capital resumed at dawn.
0. Sign (ird;) - milahsk;.

,J gzptpd; milahsk; my;y.
Ex : It is not a sign of humility.
67
Exploit (vf;];gpyha;l;) - Ruz;L.
gy ehLfspy; flYf;fbapy; vz;nza; Ruz;lg;gLfpwJ.
Ex : Many countries exploit oil under the sea.
Utilize (A+biy];) - gad;gLj;J.

ePq;fs; mtHfspd; cjtpiag; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;syhk;.
Ex : You may be able to utilize their assistance.
Subtlety (rg;l;nyb) - El;gk;.

mtH nkhopia ngUk; El;gkhf gad;gLj;JfpwhH.
Ex : He uses language with great subtlety.
Preference (gpugnud;];) - tpUg;gk;.

cq;fSila tpUg;gk; vd;d ?
Ex : What is your preference ?
Disposition (b];ngh]p\d;) - kdepiy.

gpur;ridia Gwf;fzpg;gjw;fhd nghJthd kdepiy ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : There was a general disposition to ignore the problem.
Pleasure (g;nyrH) - kfpo;r;rp.

typ ,y;yhky; kfpo;r;rp ,y;iy.
Ex : There is no pleasure without pain.
Ignorance (,f;Ndhud;];) - mwpahik.

gak; vd;gJ mwpahikapd; tpisthFk;.
Ex : Fear is a product of ignorance.
Impeachment (,k;gPr;nkd;l;) - murpay; Fw;wr;rhl;L.

[dhjpgjpapd; Kiwfspy; murpay; Fw;wr;rhl;L vd;gJ kpfTk; mupjhdit.
Ex : Impeachment is quite rare in presidential systems.
Subterfuge (rg;lHgpA+[;) - je;jpuk;.

thf;Fg;gjpT gpur;rpid thf;fhsHfis Fog;gitg;gjw;fhf tbtikf;fg;gl;l xU je;jpuk;
MFk;.
Ex : The ballot issue is a subterfuge designed to confuse voters.
Immigrant (,k;kpfpuz;l;) - Gyk;ngau;ej ; .

,e;j efuj;jpy; mjpf vz;zpf;ifapyhd Gyk;ngau;ej ; kf;fSk; cs;sdu;.
Ex : This city has a large number of immigrant population.
68
Custard apple (f];lHL Mg;gps;) - rPj;jhg;gok;.
rPj;jhg;gok; ,uj;j mOj;jj;ij fl;Lg;gLj;JfpwJ.
Ex : Custard apple controls blood pressure.
Black plum (g;shf; g;sk;) - ehty;gok;.

ehty;gok; ngupa tpijfis nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.
Ex : Black plum contains large seed.
Fig (gpf;) - mj;jpg;gok;.

mj;jpg;gok; czit tpiutpy; [Puzpf;fr; nra;Ak;.
Ex : Figs can quickly digest food.
Blueberry (g;s+ngHup) - mTupney;yp.

mTupney;yp> 1930 fspy; n[Hkdp> ];tPld; kw;Wk; nejHyhe;jpy; Kjypy;
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
Ex : Blueberries were first introduced to Germany, Sweden and the Netherlands in the 1930s
Raisin (iurpd;) - cyHe;j jpuhl;ir.

cyfpd; gy gFjpfspy; cyHe;j jpuhl;ir cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.
Ex : Raisins are produced in many regions of the world.
Mulberry (ky;ngHup) - KRf;nfhl;il.

KRf;nfhl;il jhtu ,dq;fs; 1100 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;lit.
Ex : The mulberry plant species are more than 1100.
Persimmon (ngHrpk;khd;) - rPikg; gdpr;ir.

rPikg; gdpr;ir vd;gJ cz;zj;jf;f gokhFk;.
Ex : Persimmon is an edible fruit.
Jackfruit ([hf;g;&l;) - gyhg;gok;.

gyhg;gok; tq;fhsNjrj;jpd; Njrpa gok; MFk;.
Ex : Jackfruit is the national fruit of Bangladesh.
Tamarillo (Nlkupy;Nyh) - kuj;jf;fhsp.

kuj;jf;fhsp kiyg;gpuNjrq;fspy; kl;LNk tsuf;$baJ.
Ex : Tamarillo grow only in mountainous areas.
Kiwi fruit (fptp g;&l;) - grypg;gok;.

grypg;gok; rPdhtpd; Njrpa gok; MFk;.
Ex : Kiwi fruit is a national fruit of China.
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Abhorrent (mg;`hud;l;) - mUtUf;fj;jf;f.
,dg; ghFghL vq;fs; midtUf;Fk; mUtUf;fj;jf;fjhf ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : Racial discrimination was abhorrent to us all.
Abdicate (mg;bNfl;) - gjtp tpyFjy;.

vl;tHl; VIII 1936 ,y; gjtp tpyFkhW epHge;jpf;fg;gl;lhH.
Ex : Edward VIII was forced to abdicate in 1936.
Shove (Nrht;) - efHj;J.

uh[_ nfhl;lhuj;jpw;F cs;Ns fhiu efHj;jpdhH.
Ex : Raju shoved the car into the shed.
Unrestrained (md;nu];l;iud;l;) - jilaw;w.

jilaw;w Rje;jpuk; gy gpur;rpidfSf;F toptFf;fpwJ.
Ex : Unrestrained liberty leads to many problems.
Epidemic (vgpnlkpf;) - njhw;WNeha;.

xU tifahd njhw;WNeha; guTfpwJ.
Ex : A type of epidemic is spreading.
Persistence (ngHrp];ld;];) - cWjpahd epiyg;ghL.

vd;Dila cupikfis NfhUtjpy; ehd; cWjpahd epiyg;ghl;Lld; ,Ue;jJ ,Wjpahf
ntw;wp ngw;wJ.
Ex : My persistence in demanding my rights finally succeeded.
Transition (l;uhd;rp\d;) - khw;wk;

mtHfs; midtUk; rkhjkhd khw;wj;ij Mjupf;fpd;wdH.
Ex : They all support a peaceful transition.
Mortify (khHbig) - ,opTgLj;J.

vd; fztH vd;id ,opTgLj;j Kad;wNghJ vdf;F mjpHr;rpahf ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : I was shocked when my husband tried to mortify me.
Pessimistic (ng]pkp];bf;) - ek;gpf;ifaw;W.
ePq;fs; kpfTk; ek;gpf;ifaw;W ,Ug;gjhf ehd; epidf;fpNwd;.
Ex : I think you're being far too pessimistic.
70
Amend (mnkd;l;) - jpUj;J.
murpayikg;ig jpUj;j [dhjpgjp xg;Gf;nfhz;lhH.
Ex : The president agreed to amend the constitution.
Aquarium (MFNtupak;) - ePu;tho; fhl;rprhiy.

,e;j G+q;fhtpy; ePu;tho; fhl;rprhiy ,Uf;fpwjh?
Ex : Is there an aquarium at this zoo?
Bay (Ng) - tpupFlh.

mtHfs; tisFlhtpw;F FWf;Nf xU mizia fl;bdhHfs;.
Ex : They built a dam across the bay.
Beach (gPr;) - flw;fiu.

flw;fiuapy; ,Ue;J tPL njspthf njupfpwJ.
Ex : The house is clearly visible from the beach.
Gulf (fy;g;) - tisFlh.

,uz;L efuq;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa xU tisFlh cs;sJ.
Ex : There is a gulf between the two cities.
Ocean (Xrd;) - ngUq;fly;.

[g;ghd; Kw;wpYk; ngUq;fly;fshy; R+og;gl;Ls;sJ.
Ex : Japan is completely surrounded by oceans.
Submarine (rg;nkiud;) - ePH %o;fp fg;gy;.
ePH%o;fpf; fg;gy; mZrf;jp ,af;fj;jhy; ,af;fg;gLfpwJ.
Ex : The submarine is driven by nuclear power.
Marine biology (nkiud; igahy[p) - fly; capupay;.

fly; capupay; vd;gJ flypy; cs;s capupdq;fis gw;wpa mwptpay; Ma;T MFk;.
Ex : Marine biology is the scientific study of organisms in the sea.
Oyster (xa;];lH) - rpg;gp.

mts; rpg;gp Nghd;w xU fbd Xl;il itj;jpUf;fpwhs;.
Ex : She had a hard shell like an oyster.
Coral (Nfhus;) - gtsk;.

mts; xU gts ml;bifia mzpe;jpUf;fpwhs;.
Ex : She was wearing a coral necklace.
71
Octopus (Mf;Nlhg];) - rhf;Ff;fztha;.
300 tifahd rhf;Ff;fztha; cs;sd.
Ex : There are 300 types of octopus.
Noxious (ehf;]pah];) - er;Rj;jd;ik tha;e;j.

er;Rj;jd;ik tha;e;j jputq;fs; Mw;wpy; fyf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
Ex : Noxious liquids are mixed into the river.
Pester (ng];lH) - njhe;juTnra;a.

,j;jifa vupr;rY}l;Lk; Nfs;tpfisf; Nfl;L vd;idj; njhe;juTnra;ahNj.
Ex : Don't pester me by asking such irritating questions.
Raffle (uhgpy;) - FYf;Fr; rPl;L.

ehd; ,e;j nghk;ikia xU FYf;Fr; rPl;by; ntd;Nwd;.
Ex : I won this doll in a raffle.
Acuity (mf;Fa;b) - $Hik.

fz;NehahdJ ngupjhf vd; ghl;bapd; ghHitf; $Hikia Fiwj;Jtpl;lJ.
Ex : Glaucoma has greatly lessened my grandmother's visual acuity.
Pond (ghz;l;) - Fsk;.

mtuJ Kw;wj;jpy; xU rpwpa Fsk; cs;sJ.
Ex : There is a small pond in his yard.
Probity (g;uhgpl;b) - NeHik.

uh[_tpd; NeHik kPJ xU nghJ re;Njfk; cs;sJ.
Ex : There is a general doubt in the probity of Raju.
Attendant (ml;nlz;ld;l;) - CopaH.

CopaH Nehahspia kfpo;r;rpahfTk; ek;gpf;ifAlDk; itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : The attendant should make the patient happy and hopeful.
Meddle (nkby;) - jiyapL.

vd; tptfhuq;fspy; jiyapl Ntz;lhk;.
Ex : Don't meddle in my affairs.
72
Unpardonable (md;NgHldpgpy;) - kd;dpf;f Kbahj.
,J xU kd;dpf;f Kbahj Fw;wkhFk;.
Ex : It is an unpardonable mistake.
Scenery (rpdup) - ,aw;iff;fhl;rp.

kiyfspd; ,aw;iff;fhl;rp kpfTk; mofhf ,Uf;fpwJ.
Ex : The scenery in the mountains is very beautiful.
Accelerator (Mf;rpNylH) - KLf;fp.

Xl;LeH KLf;fpia mOj;jp ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : The driver must have pressed on the accelerator.
Speedometer (];gPNlhkPl;lH) - Ntfkhdp.

Ntfkhdp 95 mph ia Fwpf;fpwJ.
Ex : The speedometer was indicating 95 mph.
Brake (gpNuf;) - jLg;gp.

mtH jhDe;jpd; jLg;ig rupnra;J nfhz;bUf;fpwhH.
Ex : He is repairing the brake of an automobile.
Gear box (fpaH ghf;];) - gy;ypizg; ngl;b.

Ntfj;ij mjpfupf;f etPd gy;ypizg; ngl;bfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
Ex : Most modern gearboxes are used to increase speed.
Tachometer (Nlr;NrhkPl;lH ) - Row;rp mstp.

uapy; tz;bfspy; Row;rp mstpfs; gutyhf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
Ex : Tachometers are used extensively in rail vehicles.
Piston (gp];ld;) - ce;J jz;L.

fhw;W gPuq;fpfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ,uz;L rpwg;G tif ce;J jz;L cs;sd.
Ex : There are two special type of pistons used in air cannons
Clutch (fpsl;r;) - curpizg;gp.

curpizg;gpia ftdkhf gad;gLj;jtpy;iy vd;why; fpaHfs; Nrjkile;JtpLk;
Ex : Careless use of the clutch may damage the gears.
Carburetor (fhHGNul;lH) - vupnghUs; tspf;fyg;gp.

vupnghUs; tspf;fyg;gpia Rj;jk; nra;Aq;fs;.
Ex : Please clean the carburetor.
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Crankshaft (fpuhq;\h/gl;) - khw;wpjz;L.
khw;wpjz;L> fly; ,ae;jpuj;jpd; kpf Kf;fpakhd mq;fkhf cs;sJ.
Ex : Crankshaft is a very important component of marine engine.
Airbag (VHNgf;) - fhw;Wg; ig.

fhw;Wg; ig mikg;G czupfs; kw;Wk; Ez;nraypfis nfhz;Ls;sJ.
Ex : Airbag system consists of sensors and microprocessors.
Asunder (m]d;lH) - Jz;L Jz;lhf.

xU cs;ehl;L Aj;jj;jhy; ehL Jz;L Jz;lhf gpupf;fg;gl;lJ.
Ex : The country has been separated asunder by an internal war.
Coalesce (Nfhnyrp) - xUq;fpizjy;.

Jfs;fs; kw;w Jfs;fSld; xUq;fpizahJ.
Ex : Particles do not coalesce with other particles.
Strain (];l;iud;) - rpukk;.

,e;j Ntiyapy; mjpf rpukk; kw;Wk; nryT ,Uf;fpwJ.
Ex : There is too much strain and expense in this job.
Offence (mgd;];) - Fw;wk;.

Xl;LdH cupkk; ,y;yhky; Xl;LtJ xU Fw;wkhFk;.
Ex : Driving without a licence is an offence.
Perseverance (ngHrptnud;];) - tplhKaw;rp.

tplhKaw;rpahdJ ntw;wpf;fhd ghijahFk;.
Ex : Perseverance is the only road to success.
Cowardice (ftHil];) - Nfhioj;jdk;.

mtuJ Nfhioj;jdk; mtuJ Fzj;ij gpujpgypf;fpwJ.
Ex : His cowardice reflects his character.
Emulate (vKNyl;) - gpd;gw;w.

cq;fs; rNfhjudpd; ntw;wpiag; gpd;gw;w ePq;fs; fbdkhf ciof;f Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : You must work hard to emulate your brother's success.
74
Propitious (g;uhgpba];) - rhjfkhd.
Gjpa tpahghuj;ij njhlq;Ftjw;F> rhjfkhd Neuk; ,J my;y.
Ex : It was not a propitious time to start a new business.
Engrave (vd;fpNut;) - nrJf;F.

xU kyH tbtj;jpy; Nkhjpuj;ij mts; nrJf;fpdhy;.
Ex : She engraved the ring in a floral pattern.
Improbable (,k;gpuggpy;) - rhj;jpakw;w.

glk; xU Fuq;fpd; rhj;jpakw;w fijia nrhy;fpwJ.
Ex : The film tells the improbable story of a monkey.
Undaunted - mr;rkw;w
Ex: They were undaunted by the huge amount of work needed.
Oppressive - mlf;FKiw
Ex: An oppressive dictatorship.
Rigorous - fLikahd
Ex: The rigorous testing of consumer products.
Rampart - ghJfhg;G muz;

Ex: A castle with ramparts and a moat.
Protrude - gpJf;F> Kd;dhy; ePl;L

Ex: Something like a fin protruded from the water.
Edifice - khspif> fk;gPukhd fl;blk;

Ex: The concepts on which the edifice of capitalism was built.
Assiduous - Cf;fk; cs;s> tplh Kaw;rpAs;s

Ex: She was assiduous in pointing out every feature.
Diligent - Cf;fe;jsuhj
Ex: After diligent searching, he found a parcel.
Convene - xd;WNrH> $l;L

Ex: He had convened a secret meeting of military personnel.
Serene - rhe;jkhd> mikjpahd

Ex: Her eyes were closed and she looked very serene.
75
Annihilate - mop> ehrk; nra;
Ex: A simple bomb of this type could annihilate them all.
Dominion - murhl;rp> ,uh[;;[pak;

Ex: Mans attempt to establish dominion over nature.
Crusade - rpYitg;NghH
Ex: The first Crusade took three years to reach the Holy Land.
Plenary - KO epiwthd
Ex: Working parties would report back to the plenary with recommendations.
Summon - mio> fl;lisapL

Ex: A waiter was summoned.
Freak - kdeyk;
Ex: The teacher says the accident was a total freak.
Custody - ghJfhg;G> fz;fhzpg;G

Ex: The property was placed in the custody of a trustee.
Observant - tpopg;NghL ftdpf;fpw

Ex: Her observant eye took in every detail.
Caress - tULjy;
Ex: She caressed the girls forehead.
Travesty - Vsdg;Nghyp nra;

Ex: Michael has betrayed the family by travestying them in his plays.
Sophistry - FjHf;fk;
Ex: The Guardians argumentation is pure sophistry.
Entangle - rpukj;jpy; rpf;fit> rpf;fyhf;F> Gupahjjhf;F

Ex: They were suspicious of becoming entangled in a civil war.
Antecedent - Kd; tuyhW> Kd;Ndhb

Ex: Her early life and antecedents have been traced.
Luminary - Gfo; rhd;wtH> Md;NwhH> mwpT Nkij

Ex: One of the luminaries of child psychiatry.
Political Parties - murpay; fl;rpfs;

Ex: Students must know about Political parties in the India.
Incarcerate - rpiwg;gLj;J
Ex: Many are incarcerated for property offenses.
Counteract - jL
76
Ex: The drug will counteract the poison.
Precise - Jy;ypakhd> ed;F tiuaWf;fg;gl;l

Ex: The word has a very precise meaning.
Reinforce - gyg;gLj;J> tYg;gLj;J

Ex: Soldiers were sent to reinforce the troops already in the area.
0. Savage - fhl;Lkpuhz;b> kpUfj;jdk;

Ex: He wrote savage satires about people he didnt like.
Inhibit - jLj;jy;
Ex: Fear can inhibit people from expressing their opinions.
Inevitable - jtpHf;f Kbahj

Ex: Getting wet is inevitable if you are going to try to give your dog a bath.
Reveal - njhpagLj;J
Ex: The test revealed the true cause of death.
Practicality - eilKiw
Ex: He gave me some practical advice on finding a job.
Exult - kfpo;r;rpapy; jpis> ngUq;fspg;G mil

Ex: "That was the best meal Ive ever had!" he exulted.
Cuisine - rikay;tif> rikay; fiy

Ex: This restaurant is famous for its spicy cuisine.
Dissuade - vjpuhf mwpTiu $W> fUj;ij khw;W

Ex: Our warnings did not dissuade them.
Inclusion - cs; mlf;Fjy;

Ex: They have been selected for inclusion in the scheme.
Personage - gpuKfH> gpugykhdtH

Ex: It was no less a personage than the bishop.
Detain - jhkjg;gLj;J> fhtypy; epWj;jpit

Ex: They were detained by the police for questioning.
Excoriate - Njhy; cup

Ex: After excoriated the meat of the goat goes to sell.
Desultory - epiyapy;yhj> xOq;fPdkhd

Ex: A few people were left, dancing in a desultory fashion.
Freight - ruf;F
77
Ex: A decline in the amount of freight carried by rail.
Enchant - kaf;F> trpagLj;J

Ex: The beauty of the place enchants.
Habitual - gof;fj;jpYs;s> tof;fkhd> mbf;fb epfo;fpw

Ex: Dont forget to do habitual actions.
Clique - jdpf;FO> rpW FO

Ex: That clique refuses to even talk to outsiders at their lunch table.
Periphery - Gw vy;iy> Gwg;gug;G> Rw;wsT

Ex: New buildings on the periphery of the hospital site.
Pretension - gk;khj;J> ntspNt~k;

Ex: The restaurant offers excellent food without pretension.
Antiseptic - fpUkpfis nfhd;W nghUs; mOfhky; jLf;fpw

Ex: Garlic has powerful antiseptic properties.
Lucid - njspthd> ed;F tpsq;Ffpw

Ex: He is able to recognize his wife in his lucid moments.
Dampen - <ukhf;F> eid

Ex: Dampen the spot with a wet cloth.
Belligerent - rz;il NghLk; FO> NghupyPLgl;ltH

Ex: The coach became quite belligerent and spit at an umpire after being thrown out of the game.
Obtrusion - mDkjpapd;wp Eio / GFj;J

Ex: The children were obtrusion into the room.
Unappealing - ntSj;j
Ex: An unappealing mess of dirt and trash in the corner of the room.
Subsist - gpioj;jpU> [Ptp

Ex: A love that was as great as any that ever did subsist.
Delegation - mjpfhu xg;gilg;G

Ex: Hes been chosen to lead the delegation to the conference.
Invest - KjypL> ,yhgk; fUjp KjyPL nra;

Ex: Getting workers to invest in private pension funds.
Reclusion - Vfhe;jk;
Ex: The students walk as a reclusion on the floor.
Censurable - fz;bf;fj; jf;f> gopg;Gf;Fupa
78
Ex: His action will be censurable.
Imperfection - FiwghL
Ex: I dont like Imperfection of workers.
Shroud - kiwf;Fk; (%Lk;) nghUs;> rtr; rPiy

Ex: The truth of the affair will always be hidden under a shroud of secrecy.
Glorification - ngUikg;gLj;JtJ
Ex: I dont like the glorification of violence.
Revolting - ntWg;GzHr;rp cz;Lgz;Zfpw> mUtUg;g+l;Lfpw

Ex: There was a revolting smell that lingered in the air.
Dispel - kiwar; nra;> nfhQ;rq; nfhQ;rkhf kiwe;JNgh

Ex: His reassuring words dispelled all her fears.
Conspiracy - rjp> $l;Lr; rjp

Ex: A conspiracy to destroy the government.
Acquittal - fld; my;yJ Fw;wj;jpypUe;J tpLjiy> Fw;wkw;wtH

Ex: The women felt their chances of acquittal were poor.
Abetment - jPanraYf;F cjTjy;> Mjutspj;jy;

Ex: We are aiding and abetting this illegal traffic.
Puisne - caHePjpkd;wj; JizeLtH

Ex: From three judges one of whom can be a puisne judge to sit.
Affirm - xl;lit> vOjpr;NrH> nghUj;J

Ex: They continued to affirm their religious beliefs.
Apex - cr;rp
Ex: The living room extends right up into the apex of the roof.
Enmity - gifik> gif

Ex: His comments earned him the enmity of his coworkers.
Derelict - Jizaw;w> iftplg;gl;l

Ex: The officer was charged with being derelict in his duty.
79
Imperceptible - Gyg;glhj> Njhd;whj
Ex: These changes will be imperceptible to most people.
Disproportionate - rupahd mstpy; ,y;yhj> Ftpg;G

Ex: People on lower incomes spend a disproportionate amount of their income on fuel.
Conspicuous - gfl;lhd> njspthfj; njhpfpw

Ex: He showed conspicuous bravery.
Attenuate - nky;ypa> jsHj;jpahd> nky;ypajhf;F

Ex: Earplugs will attenuate the loud sounds of the machinery.
Superannuated - goikg;gl;Lg; Nghd> NtiytaJ fle;j

Ex: She is not superannuated and has no paid holiday.
Cadre - gzp epiyg; gpupT

Ex: A cadre of professional managers.
Resilient - tpupthw;wYila> ePl;lhw;wYila

Ex: Foam is resilient, keeps its shape and comes in a range of densities.
Hamper - $il> ngupa $il

Ex: Take that laundry hamper.
Unnoticeable - ftdpf;fg;glhJ
Ex: The Thief stealing unnoticeable things from the shop.
Deleterious - jPq;fhd> jPikAs;s

Ex: The drug has no deleterious effects on patients.
Overhang - ftpe;jpU> njhq;fyhapU

Ex: A cliff overhangs the trail.
Scorch - thl;L> jPapypl;Lf; fUf;F

Ex: Before cooking the chicken scorching is necessary.
Commerce - tHj;jfk;> tzpftpay;

Ex: Commerce is one of subject for higher secondary students.
80
Sedulous - mauh tpopg;Gila> tplh Kaw;rpNahL nra;ag;gLfpw
Ex: An impressively sedulous suitor, he was constantly sending her flowers and other tokens of his
affection.
Convoke - xUkpf;f mio> $l;lj;jpw;F miog;G tpL

Ex: She sent messages convoking a Council of Ministers.
Vagary - tpsq;fhg; Nghf;F> tpisahl;Lg;Nghf;F

Ex: The vagaries of a rather eccentric, elderly lady.
Inadvertent - ftdf; FiwT cs;s

Ex: An inadvertent encounter with a rattlesnake in the brush.
Satire - rKjhaj;jpy; cs;s Fiwfisr; rPHjpUj;Jk; Nehf;NfhL vOjg;gLk; ieahz;bj;

jhf;Fjy;> ieahz;b
Ex: His movies are known for their use of satire.
Immaculate - khrw;w> Fiwaw;w

Ex: We must breathe immaculate oxygen.
Platitude - ntw;Wiu> gadw;w $w;W

Ex: The students didnt hear his platitude of rules.
Proximate - mz;ikahd> Vwj;jho> fpl;lj;jl;l

Ex: The proximate publication of his first novel.
Congeal - ciuar;nra;> nfl;bahf;F

Ex: After mixing of paste, place it to get congeal.
Indelicate - czHr;rpeakw;w> eaj;jpwdw;w> ehzq;nfl;l

Ex: Forgive me asking an indelicate question.
Glacial - gdpfl;b kakhd

Ex: The glacial mountains of New Zealand looks beautiful.
Jolt - jpBH tpirAld; J}f;fpnawpjy;

Ex: Any movement shot jolts of electricity to my toes, curling them in pain.
Solace - MWjy;
Ex: She sought solace in her religion.
81
Snug - fjfjg;ghd> RfkhapUf;fpw
Ex: She was safe and snug in his mothers arms.
Entrust - xg;gil
Ex: Ive been entrusted with the task of getting him safely back
Accused (mf;fpA];L) - Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gl;ltH.

ePjpkd;wj;jpy; M[uhFk;gb Fw;wk;rhl;lg;gl;ltUf;F cj;jputplg;gl;lJ.
Ex : The accused was ordered to appear on the court.
Argument (MHfpAnkz;l;) - tpthjk;.

vdf;Fk; vd; je;ijf;Fk; tpthjk; ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : I've had an argument with my father.
Bail (nga;y;) - gpiz.

uhk; gpizapy; tpLjiy nra;ag;gl;Ls;shH.
Ex : Ram has been released on bail.
Jail (n[apy;) - rpiw.

mtH 15 Mz;Lfis rpiwapy; fopj;jhH.
Ex : He spent 15 years in Jail.
Decree (bf;uP) - Miz.

[dhjpgjp> ,uhZtj;ij newpgLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;W Miz gpwg;gpj;jhH.
Ex : The president decreed that the military was to be streamlined.
Judge ([l;[;) - ePjpgjp.

mtd; jpq;fsd;W ePjpgjpapd; Kd; M[uhf Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : He is due to appear before a judge on Monday.
Judgement ([l;[;nkz;l;) - jPHg;G.

,e;j jPHg;G jtwhdJ MFk;.
Ex : This judgement is wrong.
Law (yh) - rl;lk;.

gwitfis glk;gpbg;gJ rl;lj;jpw;F vjpuhdJ MFk;.
Ex : Shooting the birds is against the law.
Punishment (gdp];nkz;l;) - jz;lid.

Fw;wj;ijg; nghWj;Nj jz;lid mikAk;.
Ex : The punishment is based upon the crime.
Suicide (Rirl;) - jw;nfhiy.
82
mtH ehw;gJ tajpy; jw;nfhiy nra;J nfhz;lhH.
Ex : He committed suicide at the age of forty.
Account (mf;fTz;l;) - fzf;F.

mtd; fzf;F tptuq;fis rkHgpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : He has to submit the detail accounts.
Broker (GNuhf;fH) - jufH.

mtDila je;ij xU epyj; jufH MthH.
Ex : his father is real estate broker.
Debt (nlg;l;) - fld;.

ehd; vd;Dila flid nrYj;jpNdd;.
Ex : I paid off my debt.
Income (,d;fk;) - tUkhdk;.

mtd; NghJkhd tUkhdk; rk;ghjpj;J nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;.
Ex : He is earning an adequate income.
price (gpiu];) - tpiy.

me;j epyj;ij mjpf tpiyf;F tpw;W ,Uf;f KbAk;.
Ex : The land could be sold for a high price.
Debtor (nlg;l;lH) - fldhsp.

mtd; xU fldhsp.
Ex : he is a debtor.
Value (Nty;a+) - tpiy kjpg;gpL.

mtDila kfpo;t+HjpahdJ ,uz;L yl;rk; &gha; vd tpiy kjpg;gplg;gl;lJ.
Ex : His car was valued at two lakhs rupees.
Receipt (nurpg;l;) - ,urPJ.

mtHfs; urPij vd;dplk; nfhLf;ftpy;iy.
Ex : They didn't give receipt to me.
Rent (nuz;l;) - thliff;F vL.

mtHfs; nly;ypapy; tPL thliff;F vLj;jdH.
Ex : They rented house in Delhi.
Profit (g;uhgpl;) - ,yhgk;.

,e;j njhopy; ,Ue;J ,yhgk; fpilf;ftpy;iy.
Ex : There is no profit from this business.
Generosity (n[dpNuhrpl;b) - ngUe;jd;ik.

,e;j fijfs; mtdJ ngUe;jd;ikia gw;wpaJ MFk;.
Ex : These stories are about his generosity.
Wound (t+z;l;) - fhak;.
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tpgj;jhy; mtDila fOj;J fhakile;jJ.
Ex : His neck was wounded in the accident.
Defalcate (b/gy;Nfl;) - gzj;ijf; ifahly; nra;.

murhq;fj;jpd; gzj;ij ifahly; nra;jjhf> mtd; kPJ Fw;wk; Rkj;jg;gl;lJ.
Ex : He was charged with defalcating government money.
Cede (rPL) - tpl;Lf; nfhLj;jy;.

mtHfs; muR gs;spfspd; mjpfhuj;ij tpl;Lf;nfhLf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ.
Ex : They have had to cede control of the schools to the government.
Dank (Nlq;f;) - <uf; frpthd.

mtd; <uf; frpthd ,lj;jpw;Fs; Eioe;jhd;.
Ex : He entered in the dank.
Context (fhd;nlf;~;l;) - #oy;.

ehd; ,Nj khjpupahd gpur;ridfis ntt;NtW #oypy; re;jpj;Js;Nsd;.
Ex : I have faced the similar problems in different context.
Torpor (nlhHgH) - mirtw;w.

Neha;tha;g;gl;l kdpjH gbg;gilahf mirtw;w epiyf;F nry;fpwhH.
Ex : The sick person gradually falls into torpor.
Bleak (gpsPf;) - mofw;w.

mtH tpuf;jpapy; mofw;w rpwpa miwia Rw;wp ghHj;jhH.
Ex : He looked round the bleak little room in despair.
Hard (`hHL) - fbdkhf.

mtuJ Fuy; fbdkhf ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : His voice was hard.
0. Vast (Nt];l;) - gue;j.

mtUila tzpf NguuR gue;J ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : His business empire was vast.
Adversity (ml;ntHrpl;b) - ,d;dy;fs;.

mJ NghH ,d;dy;fspd; xU gFjpahf ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : It was part of the adversity of war.
Bestial (ng];bay;) - kpUfj;jdkhd.

mtH xU kpUfj;jdkhd kdpjd;.
Ex : He is a bestial person.
Joyous ([ha];) - re;Njh~khd.

,J xU re;Njh~khd gz;bif.
Ex : It was a joyous festival.
Inscribe (,d;];fpiug;) - nghwpf;fg;gLjy;.

,Jtiu tpisahl;by; Kjd;ikaha; te;j midthpd; ngaHfSk; Nfhg;igapy;
84
nghwpf;fg;gl;lJ.
Ex : The name of all the previous champions are inscribed on the cup.
Dormant (NlhHkd;l;) - nrayw;w.

tof;fhdJ XH Mz;L fhykhf nrayw;W ,Uf;fpwJ.
Ex : The case had been long dormant for years.
Adulterate (mly;lHNul;) - fyg;glk; nra;.

,iwr;rpia ed;whf miuj;J cUisf;fpoq;F khTld; fyg;glk; nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.
Ex : The meat was ground fine and adulterated with potato flour.
Obscene (Mg;rPd;) - ntWg;g+l;Lfpw.

mtHfs; NgRk;nghOJ ntWg;g+l;Lk;gbahd eifr;Ritfisf; $wpdH.
Ex : They said obscene jokes while speaking.
Spiritual (];gphpl;Rty;) - Md;kPfk;.

mtUila Md;kPf eyDf;F ehd; nghWg;Ngw;fpNwd;.
Ex : Im responsible for his spiritual welfare.
Derelict (Nlhpypf;l;) - iftplg;gl;l.

iftplg;gl;l epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; tPlhdJ tpkHrpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Ex : The derelict condition of the house has been criticized.
Reputation (nugpA+Nl~d;) - ew;ngaH.

ghlj;jpy; cs;s mtuJ mwpthw;wyhdJ mtUf;F ew;ngahpid thq;fpf; nfhLj;jJ.
Ex : His knowledge of subject earned him a reputation as an expert.
Emperor (vk;guH) - NguurH.

mnyf;rhz;lH kpfr; rpwe;j NguurH MthH.
Ex : Alexander is the greatest emperor.
Queen (Fapd;) - murp.

,uz;lhk; vypnrgj; ,q;fpyhe;jpd; murp MthH.
Ex : Elizabeth -II is the queen of England.
Prince (gpupd;~;) - ,sturH.

rhHy]; ,q;fpyhe;jpd; ,sturH MthH.
Ex : Charles is the prince of England.
Palace (Ngy];) - muz;kid.

gf;fpq;fhk; muz;kid yz;ldpy; mike;Js;sJ.
Ex : Buckingham palace is situated in London.
Governor (ftHdH) - MSeH.

MSeH khepye;jpy; cs;s gy;fiyf;fofq;fspd; Nte;jH MthH.
Ex : Governor is the Chancellor of universities in a state.
Department (bg;ghHl;nkz;l;) - Jiw.

mtH fy;tp Jiwapy; gzp Gupe;J nfhz;L ,Uf;fpwhH.
Ex : He is working in education department.
85
Country (fd;l;up) - Njrk;.
,J vd;Dila Njrk; MFk;.
Ex : This is my country.
Crown (f;uTd;) - fpuPlk;.

Nguuruhy; mtUf;F tpiutpy; fpuPlk; #l;lg;gLk;.
Ex : He will crowned by the emperor soon.
Politics (nghypl;bf;~;) - murpay;.

mtH murpaypy; xU epGzH MthH.
Ex : He is an expert in politics.
Revenue (uptd;A) - tUkhdk;.

tupfs;jhd; xU murhq;fj;jpd; tUkhdj;jpw;F Kf;fpa Mjhuk; MFk;.
Ex : Taxes are the main source of revenue for a government.
Leave (yPt;) - tpLg;G.

New;W mtH tpLg;G vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhH.
Ex : He took leave on yesterday.
Examination (vf;~kpndrd;) - NjHT.

vq;fSila KO Mz;L NjHTfs; ehis Kjy; njhlq;FfpwJ.
Ex : Our annual examinations are going to start from tomorrow.
Letter (nyl;lH) - fbjk;.

ehd; xU mDkjp fbjk; vOjpNdd;.
Ex : I wrote a permission letter.
Prize (gpiu];) - gupR.

fl;Liu vOJk; Nghl;bapy; mts; Kjy; gupir ntd;whs;.
Ex : She won the first prize in an essay writing competition.
Lecturer (nyf;]uH) - tpupTiuahsH.
mts; xU fy;Y}up tpupTiuahsuhf gzpahw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhs;.
Ex : She is working as a lecturer in a college.
Map (Nkg;) - tiuglk;.

MrpupaH vq;fsplk; cyf tiuglj;jpy; ekJ Njrj;ij fz;Lgpbf;fr; nrhd;dhH.
Ex : The teacher told us to locate our country in the world map.
University (AdptHrpl;b) - gy;fiyf;fofk;.

mtH ,e;j gyfiyf;fofj;jpd; Jiz Nte;jH MthH.
Ex : He is the vice chancellor of this university.
Principal (gpupd;];gy;) - fy;Y}up Kjy;tH.

mtH vq;fSila Gjpa fy;Y}up Kjy;tH MthH.
Ex : He is our new principal.
Rules (&y;];) - tpjpfs;.

khztHfs; Gjpa tpjpfis fl;lhak; filgpbf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : The students must be obey the new Rules.
86
Chart (rhHl;) - tpsf;fg;glk;.
mtHfs; fye;JiuahlYf;fhd xU tpsf;fg;glj;ij jahH nra;jdH.
Ex : They prepared a chart for the discussion.
Chop (rhg;) - ntl;L.

ehd; ntq;fhaq;fis ntl;bNdd;.
Ex : I chopped onions.
Colander (Nfhnyz;lH) - tbfl;b.

jz;zPiu nfhjpf;f itj;J tbfl;b topahf Cw;w Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : Boil the water and then put through colander.
Crockpot (fpuhf;Nghl;) - kz; ghid.

,e;j kz;ghid fspkz;zpypUe;J nra;ag;gl;lJ.
Ex : This crock pot is made from clay.
Dough (lht;g;) - gpire;j khT.

,e;j gpire;j khT nuhl;b RLtjw;F gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
Ex : This dough is used for baking into bread.
Recipe (nurpgp) - rikay; Fwpg;G.

ghuk;gupa nrl;b ehl;bd; rikay; Fwpg;G ,JthFk;.
Ex : It is a traditional chettinad recipe.
Utensils (Anld;rpy;];) - ghj;jpuq;fs;.

mts; rikayiw ghj;jpuq;fis fOtpdhs;.
Ex : She washed the kitchen utensils.
Stove (];lt;) - mLg;G.

mtd; xU Gjpa vupthA mLg;ig thq;fpdhd;.
Ex : He bought a new gas stove.
Sink (rpd;f;) - ePHj;njhl;b.

rikayiwapy; xU ePHj;njhl;b cs;sJ.
Ex : There is a sink in a kitchen.
Pestle (ng];ly;) - Fotp.

ehd; Vyf;fhia Fotpapy; eRf;fpNdd;.
Ex : I crushed cardamom in pestle.
Skillet (];fpy;nyl;) - thzyp.

ehd; thzypapDs; vz;nza;ia Cw;wpNdd;.
Ex : I poured off the oil into skillet.
Abandon (mghz;ld;) - iftpL.

Foe;ij mjd; jhahuhy; iftplg;gl;lJ.
Ex : The baby had been abandoned by its mother.
Compete (fk;gPl;) - Nghl;bapL.

mtH njhlHe;J ge;jaq;fspy; Nghl;bapLthH.
Ex : He regularly competes in races.
87
Dig (bf;) - fpsw.
mtH jdJ fle;j fhyj;ij fpsw tpUk;gtpy;iy.
Ex : He was unwilling to dig into his past.
Enthusiasm (ve;Jrpahrk;) - cw;rhfk;.

mtuJ Fuypy; KO cw;rhfk; ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : Her voice was full of enthusiasm.
Faint (ngapz;l;) - kaf;fkil.

mts; jpBnud;W kaf;fkile;jhs;.
Ex : She suddenly felt faint.
Glad (fpNyL) - kfpo;r;rp.

mtUila cjtpf;F ehd; kpfTk; kfpo;r;rp milfpNwd;.
Ex : I was quite glad of his help.
Immobile (,k;nkhigy;) - mirtw;w.

mts; mirtw;w epiyapy; ePz;l Neuk; mkHe;jpUe;jhs;.
Ex : she sat immobile for a long time.
plot (GNyhl;) - rjp.

fhtyHfs; [dhjpgjpf;F vjpuhf rjp nra;jdH.
Ex : Police uncovered a plot against the president.
Port (NghHl;) - JiwKfk;.

fg;gy; ehd;F ehl;fshf JiwKfj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : The ship spent four days in port.
Meticulous (nkbf;Fy];) - ftdk; kpf;f.

,e;j Ntiyf;F ftdk; kpf;f egH Njit.
Ex : This job requires a meticulous person.
Mortgage (khHl;Nf[;) - mlkhdk;.

ehd; vd; tPl;il mlkhdk; itj;Js;Nsd;.
Ex : I mortgaged my house.
Debit (nlgpl;) - nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba fld;.

nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba Mapuk; &gha; fld; vdJ fzf;fpypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;lJ.
Ex : Thousand Rupees was debited from my account.
Demand draft (bkhz;l; buhg;l;) - Nfl;G tiuNthiy.

Nfl;G tiuNthiyahdJ vq;fSila epWtdj;jpd; ngauhy; vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : The demand draft should be drawn in favor of our company name.
deposit (nlghrpl;) - Nrkp.

ehq;fs; xU ngupa njhifia tq;fpapy; Nrkpj;J itj;Js;Nshk;.
Ex : We have deposited a huge amount in the bank.
Withdrawal (tpj;l;buhy;) - jpUk;gg; ngWjy;.

fzf;fpypUe;J gzj;ij jpUk;gg; ngWk; topKiw kpfTk; vspikahdJ.
88
Ex : The process of withdrawal of amount from amount is easy.
Savings account (Nrtpq;]; mf;fTz;l;) - Nrkpg;G fzf;F.

ehd; tq;fpapy; xU Nrkpg;G fzf;if Jtq;fpNdd;.
Ex : I have started a saving account in the bank.
Credit card (fpupbl; fhHL) - fld; ml;il.

ehd; fld; ml;il itj;Js;Nsd;.
Ex : I have a credit card.
Challan (ryhd;) - nrYj;Jr; rPl;L.

ehk; nrYj;Jr; rPl;il gzk; nrYj;Jtjw;F epug;g Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : We should fill the challan to pay the amount.
Credit (fpupbl;) - fld;.

vd;Dila fld; tuk;ig kPwptpl;lJ.
Ex : My credit limit was exceeded.
Cheque (nrf;) - fhNrhiy.

ehk; gzk; nfhLg;gjw;F fhNrhiyia gad;gLj;jyhk;;.
Ex : We can use cheque for the payment.
Accept (mrg;l;) - Vw;Wf; nfhs;.

Ex : He accepted a pen as a present.
mtd; xU Ngdhit md;gspg;ghf Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhd;.
Agree (mf;uP) - xg;Gf; nfhs;.

Ex : I completely agree with your statement.
ehd; Kw;wpYk; cq;fSila mwpf;iffis xg;Gf; nfhs;fpNwd;.
Deny (nlid) - kW.

Ex : They denied their responsibilities.
mtHfSila nghWg;Gfis mtHfs; kWj;jdH.
Refuse (nu/a+];) - kWj;J tpL.

Ex : He refused to meet her.
mtis re;jpg;gjw;F mtd; kWj;Jtpl;lhd;.
Derogate (nlNuhNfl;) - gFjp ePf;fk;.

Ex : This country has derogated from the rome convention.
,e;j ehlhdJ Nuhk; ehl;bypUe;J gFjp ePf;fk; nra;ag;gl;lJ.
Lessen (ny~;rd;) - Fiw.

Ex : The gap is lessened by him.
mtdhy; ,ilntsp Fiwf;fg;gl;lJ.
89
Wonder (nthd;lH) - tpag;gil.
Ex : I wondered at his bravery.
mtdJ tPuj;ij fz;L ehd; tpag;gile;Njd;.
Surprise (rHgpiu];) - Mr;rupak;.

Ex : I was surprised at his statement.
mtDila mwpf;ifahy; Mr;rupakile;Njd;.
Cancel (Nfd;ry;) - uj;J nra;.

Ex : The minister canceled visit to pune.
mikr;rH jdJ g+Ndtpw;fhd gazj;ij uj;J nra;Jtpl;lhH.
Abort (mghHl;) - uj;J nra;.

Ex : The pilot aborted the landing of plane.
tpkhdk; jiuapwq;Ftij tpkhdp uj;J nra;jhH.
Trend (l;nud;L) - Nghf;F.

ePq;fs; xU Gjpa Nghf;if mikg;gJ Nghy; njupfpwJ.
Ex : You seem to have set a new trend.
Untidy (md;bl;b) - mRj;jkhd.

Gj;jfq;fs; xU mRj;jkhd Ftpay; kiy Nghy; Ftpe;Js;sJ.
Ex : The books were piled an untidy heap.
Victim (tpf;bk;) - ghjpf;fg;gl;l.

mtsJ kfd; fhrNehahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;bUe;jhd;.
Ex : Her son fell victim to tuberculosis.
Wage (Nt[;) - Cjpak;.

mtH vq;fSf;F mjpf Cjpak; jUtjhf cWjpaspj;jhH.
Ex : He promised to pay us high wages.
Wide (itL) - gue;j.

Mq;fpyk; xU cyf mstpyhd gue;j nkhop MFk;.
Ex : English is like a world - wide common language.
Rescue (nu];fpa+) - kPPl;G.

mtH jP tpgj;jpy; ,Ue;J Foe;ijia kPl;lhH.
Ex : He rescued the child from the fire accident.
Resist (nurp];l;) - vjpH.

mtHfs; vy;iy kPwp EiogtHfis vjpHj;jdH.
Ex : They resisted the invaders.
Reward (upthHL) - ntFkjp.

mtH ntFkjpahf xU jq;f fbfhuj;ij toq;fpdhH.
Ex : He was given a gold watch as a reward.
Rob (uhg;) - jpUL.

mtH %d;W egHfSld; tq;fpapy; jpUl Kaw;rp nra;jhH.
90
Ex : He tried, with three others, to rob a bank.
Pity (gpl;b) - gupjhgk;.

mtsJ Fuy; gupjhgkhf ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : Her voice was pity.
Archery (MHnrup) - tpy;tpj;ij.

mtH tpy;tpj;ijf;F rpwe;j gapw;rpahsH MthH.
Ex : He is the best coach for archery.
Fencing (ngd;rpq;) - fj;jpr; rz;il.

mtd; fj;jpr; rz;ilapy; mtDila vjpupaplk; Njhw;whd;.
Ex : He lost to his counterpart in fencing.
Weight lifting (ntapl; ypg;bq;) - gS J}f;Fjy;.

mtd; gS J}f;Fjy; tpisahl;by; ,uz;lhk; gupir ngw;whd;.
Ex : He won the second prize in weight lifting games.
Tennis (nld;dp];) - tiyg;ge;J.

tiyg;ge;J vdf;F gpbj;j tpisahl;L MFk;.
Ex : Tennis is my favourite game.
Foot ball (Gl; ghy;) - fhy;ge;J.

gPNy fhy;ge;jhl;lj;jpd; uh[h MthH.
Ex : Pele is the king of football.
Badminton (Ngl;kpz;ld;) - g+g;ge;jhl;lk;.

rha;dh Nethy; ,e;jpahtpw;fhd g+g;ge;jhl;l el;rj;jpu tPuq;fid MtH.
Ex : Saina nehwal is the star Badminton player for India.
Cricket (fpupf;nfl;) - kl;ilge;J.

mtd; xU kl;ilge;jhl;l tPuH.
Ex : He is a cricket player.
Boxing (ghf;rpq;) - Fj;Jr;rz;il.

ikf; ilrd; xU mnkupf;f Kd;dhs; Fj;Jr;rz;il tPuH.
Ex : Mike tyson is an american former boxing player.
Wrestling (nu];ypq;) - ky;Aj;jk;.

Rrpy; FkhH xU ,e;jpa ky;Aj;j el;rj;jpu tPuH MthH.
Ex : Sushil kumar is an indian star player in wrestling.
Chess (nr];) - rJuq;fk;.

tp];tehjd; Mde;j; xU rJuq;f tpisahl;L tPuH MthH.
Ex : Viswanathan Anand is a chess player.
Anxious (Md;rpa];) - Mtyhf.

mtH gs;sp gbg;ig Kbj;Jtpl;L Ntiy ngw Mtyhf ,Ue;jhH.
Ex : He was anxious to finished school and get a job.
91
Apologize (mg;ghy[p];) - kd;dpg;G NfhU.
mtH jdJ rf CopaHfsplk; kd;dpg;G NfhupdhH.
Ex : He apologized to his colleagues.
Aspect (M];ngf;l;) - mk;rk;.

,e;j jpl;lk; ,uz;L Kf;fpa mk;rq;fis nfhz;Ls;sJ.
Ex : The project has two main aspects.
Gamble (Nfk;gpy;) - #jhl;lk;.

mtH FLk;gj;jpd; nrhj;ij tpw;W #jhbdhH.
Ex : He gambled sold the family assets.
Execrate (vf;rpfpNul;) - KOikahf ntW.

mtDila eltbf;iffis mtHfs; KOikahf ntWj;jdH.
Ex : They execrated his behaviour.
Indicate (,z;bNfl;) - Fwpg;gpL.

mk;Gf;Fwp nry;tjw;F topia Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.
Ex : The arrow indicates the way to go.
Keen (fPd;) - Kidg;Gld;.

mts; murpaypy; Kidg;Gld; MHtj;ij fhl;bdhs;.
Ex : She takes a keen interest in politics.
Compassion (fk;Ng~d;) - ,uf;f Fzk;.
cq;fsJ kdpj ,uf;fFzk; xU Ntis ePq;fs; NeHikaw;W ,Uf;f toptFj;J ,Uf;Fk;.
Ex : Maybe your human compassion led you astray.
Philosophy (gpyhrgp) - jj;Jtk;.

newpKiwfs; jj;Jtj;jpd; xU gpupthFk;.
Ex : Ethics is a branch of philosophy.
0. Pile (igy;) - Ftpay;.

mts; xd;wpd; Nky; xd;whf Gj;jfq;fis xU %iyapy; Ftpj;jhs;.
Ex : She piled the books at the corner.
Measles (kP];y];) - jl;lk;ik.

mjpf ntg;gk; jl;lk;ikf;F fhuzkhfpwJ.
Ex : High temperature causes measles.
Jaundice (N[d;b~;) - kQ;rs; fhkhiy.

kQ;rs; fhkhiy kpfTk; Mgj;jhd Neha;fspy; xd;whFk;.
Ex : Jaundice is one of the most dangerous diseases.
Abscess (mg;r];) - rPo;gbe;j fl;b.

rPo;gbe;j fl;bfis mfw;Wtjw;F mWit rpfpr;ir Njitg;gLfpwJ.
Ex : Remove abscesses is required to Surgery.
Lumbago (yk;gNfh) - ,Lg;G typ Neha;.

clw;gapw;rpahdJ ,Lg;G typ Nehia fl;Lg;;gLj;j cjTfpwJ.
Ex : Exercise helps to control lumbago.
92
Earache (vNur;) - fhJtyp.
,e;j kUj;;Jtkidapy;; fhJtypf;F rpfpr;ir mspf;fg;gLk;.
Ex : Earache is treatable in this hospital.
Arthritis (MHj;upl;b];) - %l;L tPf;fk;.

%l;LfSf;F ,ilNaahd fl;bahdJ %l;LtPf;fj;ij cz;lhf;FfpwJ.
Ex : An inflammation of the joints develop arthritis.
Small pox (];khy; ghf;];) - ngupak;ik.

ngupak;ik Neha; gutyhf ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : Small pox disease was rampant.
Migraine (kpf;iud;) - xw;iwj; jiytyp.

cq;fSf;F xw;iwj; jiytyp ,Ue;jhy; kUe;;Jfis rupahf vLj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;.
Ex : If you have migraine, take medicine properly.
Fever (gPtH) - fha;r;ry;.

mts; fha;r;ryhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L ,Ue;jhs;.
Ex : She is suffered from fever.
Inflammation (,d;gpyNk~d;) - tPf;fk;.

ehs;gl;l tPf;fkhdJ ekJ cly; eyj;jpw;F Mgj;jhdJ.
Ex : Chronic inflammation is dangerous for our health.
Actor (Vf;lh;) - ebfH.

,e;j ebfupd; nray;jpwd; ed;whf cs;sJ.
Ex : This actor performance is very well.
Advocate (ml;tNfl;); - tof;fwpQH.

vd; mg;;gh xU tof;fwpQH.
Ex : My father is a advocate.
Architect (Mh;;fpnlf;); - rpw;gp> fl;bl fiyQH.

xU gpugy fl;bl fiyQH ,e;j tPl;il fl;bdhH.
Ex : A famous architect built this house.
Artist (Mh;b];l;) - fiyQH.

uh[{ xU fiyQuh?
Ex : Is Raju an artist?
Auditor (Mbl;lh;) - fzf;F Ma;thsH.

mtUf;F fzf;F Ma;thsiu njupAk;.
Ex : He knows auditor.
Author (Mj;jh;) - E}yhrpupaH.

cq;fSf;F gpbj;j E}yhrpupaH ahH?
Ex : Who is your favorite author?
93
Carpenter (fhh;gd;lh;) - jr;rd;.
vd; jhj;jh xU jr;rH.
Ex : My grandfather is a carpenter.
Collector (fnyf;lh;) - khtl;l Ml;rpaH.

mtH xU ey;y khtl;l Ml;rpaH.
Ex : He is a good collector.
Conductor (fz;lf;lh;) - elj;JdH.

elj;JdH gazpfsplk; midtUk; gazr;rPl;L thq;fp tpl;BHfsh? vdf; Nfl;lhH.
Ex : The conductor asked the passengers, all of you get the tickets or not?
Driver (biuth;) - xl;LeH.

ehd; xU NgUe;J Xl;LeH.
Ex : I am a bus driver.
Apologize (mg;ghiy[];) - kd;dpg;G.

vd;Dila Kl;lhs;jdj;jpw;F ehd; kd;dpg;G Nfl;Lf;nfhs;fpNwd;.
Ex : I apologize for my blunder.
Approach (mg;Nuhr;) - mZFjy;.

gzj;jpw;fhf vd;dhy; mtid mZf KbahJ.
Ex : I can't approach him for money.
Deceive (brpt;) - Vkhw;w.

vd; kdrhl;rpia ehd; Vkhw;w KbahJ.
Ex : I can't deceive my conscience.
Tolerate (lhyNul;) - nghWj;Jf;nfhs;s.

vd;dhy; ,ij nghWj;Jf;nfhs;s KbahJ.
Ex : I can't tolerate this.
Yourself (Ath;nry;g;) - cq;fis.

cq;fisg; gw;wp nrhy;Yq;fs;.
Ex : Tell me about yourself.
Fiance (gpdhd;];) - cWjp nra;ag;gl;l Mz; (tUq;fhy fztH).
mtH vd; tUq;fhy fztH.
Ex : He is my fiance.
Arrogant (mh;Nuhfd;l;) - fHtKs;s.

mtH fHtKs;sth; Nghy; njupfpwhH.
Ex : He look likes arrogant.
Murderer (kh;luh;) - nfhiyfhud;.

nfhiyfhud; J}f;fpyplg;gl;lhd;.
Ex : The murderer was hanged.
Acquitted (mf;FAnll;) - tpLjiy.

ePjpkd;wk; mtiu tpLjiy.
Ex : The court acquitted him.
94
Leader (yPlh;) - jiyth;.
kfhj;kh fhe;jp ,e;jpa tPuHfspd; jiytuhf ,Ue;jhH.
Ex : Mahatma Gandhi was the leader of Indian fighters.
Usually (A];typ) - tof;fkhf.

ehd; tof;fkhf rhg;gpLk;NghJ gbg;Ngd;.
Ex : I usually read while eating.
Generally ([d;uyp) - nghJthf.

ehd; nghJthf jtWfs; nra;a khl;Nld;.
Ex : I generally don't make mistakes.
Always (My;Nt];) - vg;nghOJk;.

mts; vg;nghOJk; rj;jkhf NgRfpwhs;.
Ex : She always speak loudly.
Never (netH) - xUNghJk;.

ehd; mij xUNghJk; nra;a khl;Nld;.
Ex : I never do that.
Regularly (nuFyHyp) - njhlHe;J.

clw;gapw;rp njhlHe;J nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : Do the exercise regularly.
Daily (ilyp) - jpde;NjhWk;.

mtH jpde;NjhWk; NfhtpYf;F nry;thH.
Ex : He go to temple daily.
Everyday (vtupnl) - xt;nthUehSk;.

xt;nthU ehSk; ehd; cd;id ghh;f;f Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : Everyday I want to see you.
Ever (vtH) - vg;nghOJk;.

ehd; vg;NghOJk; cd;Dlk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : I want to be with you for ever.
Often (M/g;ld;) - mbf;fb.

ehd; mbf;fb ,q;Nf tUNtd;.
Ex : I come here often.
Sometimes (rk;ilk;];) - rpy rkaq;fspy;.

rpy rkaq;fspy; ehd; cq;fis ghHg;gjpy;iy.
Ex : Sometimes I don't see you.
Cracks (f;uhf;];) - ntbg;G> tphpry;.

mts; Rtw;wpy; tpupry; ,Ue;jij ghHj;jhs;.
Ex : She saw a crack in the wall.
Colleague (nfhypf;) - rf CopaH.

mtH vd; mz;zdpd; rf CopaH.
95
Ex : He is my brothers colleague.
Dream (bhPk;) - fdT.

,d;iwa fdTfs; ehisa ntw;wpf;F toptFf;Fk;.
Ex : Todays dreams will lead to tomorrows success.
Embarrass (vk;ngu];) - rq;flk;.

vdf;F me;j ,lj;jpy; rq;flkhf ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : I was embarrassed at the place.
Expect (vf;];ngf;l;) - vjpHghH.

ahuplKk; vijAk; vjpHghHf;f $lhJ.
Ex : Don't expect anything from anybody.
Era (vuh) - rfhg;jk;.

,J rfhg;jkhf njhlUk; fij.
Ex : It follows the story of the era.
Mystery (kp];bhp) - kHkk;.

vdf;F kHk ehty;fs; gbf;f gpbf;Fk;.
Ex : I like reading mystery novels.
Tour (Lh;) - Rw;Wyh.

ehd; ,uz;L ehs; Rw;Wyh nrd;Nwd;.
Ex : I went to tour for two days.
Patronage (ghl;uNd[;) - MjuT.

cq;fs; MjuTf;F ed;wp.
Ex : Thank you for your patronage.
Tired (lah;l;) - fisg;G.

ehq;fs; fisg;ghf ,Uf;fpNwhk;.
Ex : We are tired.
Dancer (lhd;rh;) - eld fiyQH.

mts; xU rpwe;j eld fiyQH.
Ex : She is a great dancer.
Doctor (lhf;lh;) - kUj;Jth;.

,d;W ehd; kUj;Jtiu re;jpj;Njd;.
Ex : Today I met a doctor.
Editor (vbl;lh;) - gjpg;ghrpupaH.

gjpg;ghrpupaH rupahd rkaj;jpy; cjtpdhH.
Ex : The editor helped at the right moment.
Engineer (,Q;;rpdpah;) - nghwpahsH.

ehd; cjtp nghwpahsuhf ,Uf;fpNwd;.
Ex : I am a assistant engineer.
Examiner (vf;rhkpdh;;) - gupNrhjfH.
96
gupNrhjfH cd;id mioj;jhH.
Ex : The examiner called you.
Gardener (fhh;ldh;) - Njhl;lf;fhuH.

ehd; rhiyapy; Njhl;lfhuiu re;jpj;Njd;.
Ex : I saw the gardener on the road.
Labour (Nygh;) - njhopyhsH.

mtH vd; epWtdj;jpy; njhopyhsuhf ,Uf;fpwhH.
Ex : He is a labour in my company.
Musician (kpa+rp];ad;) - ,iraikg;ghsH.

cq;fSf;F gpbj;j ,iraikg;ghsH ahH?
Ex : Who's your favourite musician?
Novelist (ehtyp];l;) - ehtyhrpupaH.

ehd; me;j ehtyhrpupaiu re;jpf;f tpUg;gkhf ,Uf;fpNwd;.
Ex : I like to meet that novelist.
Nurse (eh;];) - nrtpyp.

me;j nrtpyp kpfTk; md;ghdts;.
Ex : That nurse is very kind.
Fund (/gd;l;) - epjp.

mtH nts;s epjpf;F 10>000 &ghia ed;nfhilahf nfhLj;jhH.
Ex : He donated Rs.10,000 to the flood fund.
Job ([hg;) - Ntiy.

vdf;F Ntiy fpilj;Jtpl;lJ.
Ex : I got job.
Loss (yh];) - ,og;G.

ehd; cq;fs; ,og;gpw;F tUe;JfpNwd;.
Ex : I'm sorry for your loss.
Receipt (nurpg;l;) - urPJ.

ehd; urPij nfhz;L tu kwe;Jtpl;Nld;.
Ex : I forgot to bring the receipt.
Abduct (mg;lf;l;) - flj;jp nry;.

mtH jpUlHfshy; flj;jg;gl;lhH.
Ex : He was abducted by thieves.
Admire (ml;kah;) - ghuhl;L.

ehd; cq;fs; ijupaj;ij ghuhl;LfpNwd;.
Ex : I admire your courage.
Aid (Va;l;) - cjtp nra;.

mts; mtUf;F gz cjtp nra;jhs;.
Ex : She aided him with money.
97
Approve (mg;GUt;) - xg;Gjy;.
mtH vd; jpl;lj;jpw;F xg;Gjy; nfhLj;jhH.
Ex : He approved my plan.
Argue (Mh;FA) - thjhL.

ehd; cq;fSld; thjhl KbahJ.
Ex : I can't argue with you.
Appreciate (mg;gphpNrl;) - ghuhl;L.

ehd; cq;fs; NeHikia ghuhl;LfpNwd;.
Ex : I appreciate your honesty.
Lithosphere (ypj;Njh];gpaH) - fw;Nfhsk;.

fw;Nfhsk; 2 gFjpfshf gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Ex : The lithosphere is divided into 2 parts.
Biosphere (igNah];gpaH) - capHf;Nfhsk;.

G+kpapy; cs;s capHf;Nfhspd; cz;ikahd jbg;Gjd;ikia mstpl fbdkhf cs;sJ.
Ex : The actual thickness of the biosphere on earth is difficult to measure.
Exosphere (vf;N]h];gpaH) - Gwtsp kz;lyk;.

i`l;u[d; Gwtsp kz;lyj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
Ex : Hydrogen is present in the exosphere.
Hydrosphere (i`l;Nuh];gpaH) - ePHf;Nfhsk;.

ePu;f;Nfhsj;jpy; 2.5% ed;dPu; kl;LNk cs;sJ.
Ex : There is only 2.5% of freshwater in the hydrosphere.
Mesosphere (kPNrh];gpaH) - ,il kz;lyk;.

,il kz;lyj;jpd; ruhrup ntg;gepiy 85 bfpup MFk;.
Ex : The average temperature of mesosphere is 85 degrees.
Stratosphere (];l;uNlh];gpaH) - gilkz;lyk;.

gilkz;lyk; vd;gJ tspkz;lyj;jpd; ,uz;lhtJ mLf;F MFk;.
Ex : Stratosphere is the second layer of the atmosphere.
Troposphere (l;NuhNgh];gpaH) - mbtspkz;lyk;.

mbtspkz;lyj;jpd; ntg;gepiy nghJthf FiwfpwJ.
Ex : The temperature of the troposphere generally decreases.
Thermosphere (njHNkh];gpaH) - ntg;g tspkz;lyk;.

ntg;g tspkz;lyk;> ,il kz;lyj;jpw;F NkNy cs;sJ.
Ex : The thermosphere is above the mesosphere.
98
Atmosphere (ml;kh];gpaH) - tspkz;lyk;.
tspkz;lyj;jpd; ntg;gepiy Fiwthf cs;sJ.
Ex : The temperature of the atmosphere is low.
Magnetosphere (Nkf;ndNlh];gpaH) - fhe;jf;Nfhsk;.

fhe;jf;Nfhsk; mUNf cs;s fpufq;fs; mz;l fjpHtPr;R tpisTfs; jLf;Fk; jpwd;
nfhz;litahFk;.
Ex : Planets near magnetosphere are capable of blocking the effects of cosmic radiation.
Exorbitant (vf;N]hHgplz;l;) - msTfle;j.

vdJ tuT nryTj; jpl;lj;jpd; fhuzkhf> ehd; msTfle;j nfhs;Kjy; nra;a KbahJ.
Ex : Because of my budget, I am unable to make exorbitant purchases.
Relish (upyp];) - re;Njh~g;gLjy;.

,e;j ,uT tpUe;jpy; vd; kfid ehd; re;Njh~g;gLj;JNtd;.
Ex : I will make my son relish in this dinner.
Refulgent (upgy;fd;l;) - xspUfpw.

xspUfpw xsp cz;ikahdJ my;y.
Ex : Refulgent light is not real.
Exaltation (vf;]hy;Nl~d;) - ngUkfpo;T.

mts; ,e;j nra;jpia Nfl;l gpwF ngUkfpo;r;rp mile;jhs;.
Ex : After hearing this news, she felt exaltation.
Centrifuge (nrd;l;upgpA+[;) - ikaePf;fp.

ikaePf;fp vd;gJ cgfuzj;jpd; xU gFjpahFk;.
Ex : A centrifuge is a piece of equipment.
Pseudonym (gpRNlhdpd;) - Gidg;ngaH.

GJikg;gpj;jd; vd;gJ rp. tpUj;jhryk; vd;gtupd; Gidg;ngaH MFk;.
Ex : Puthumaippiththan is the pseudonym of C. Viruthachalam.
Envy (vd;tp) - nghwhik

nghwhik ve;jnthU kdpjidAk; xUNghJk; nrOikg;gLj;jpajpy;iy.
Ex : Envy never enriched any man.
Ornate (MHNel;) - moFgLj;jg;gl;l.

moFgLj;jg;gl;l kd;wk; uhzp tpf;Nlhupah %yk; jpwe;J itf;fg;gl;lJ.
Ex : The ornated hall was opened by Queen Victoria.
99
Acuity (mfpA+b) - $Hik.
thfd Xl;LeUf;F $Hikahd ghHit Njit.
Ex : A motorist needs good visual acuity.
Adage (mNl[;) - gonkhop.

mtH gioa gonkhopia epidTgLj;JfpwhH.
Ex : He remembered the old adage.
Comb Duck (fhk;g lf;) - nrz;L thj;J.

nrz;L thj;jpd; ePsk; 56 Kjy; 76 nr.kP MFk;.
Ex : The length of comb duck is 56 to 76 cm.
Cotton Teal (fhl;ld; By;) - Fs;sj;jhuh.

Fs;sj;jhuh> 8 Kjy; 15 Kl;ilfis ,LfpwJ.
Ex : Cotton Teal lay 8 to 15 eggs.
Gadwall (Nfl;thy;) - fUthy; thj;J.

fpNul; gpupl;ldpy;> fUthy; thj;J xU mG+Htkhd gwitahFk;.
Ex : In Great Britain, the gadwall is a scarce bird.
Lesser Whistling Duck (ny];]H tp];l; ypq;f; lf;) - rpwpa rPo;f;ifr;rputp.

rpwpa rPo;f;ifr;rputp> ,e;jpaj; Jizf;fz;lj;jpYk; njd;fpof;fhrpahtpYk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
Ex : Lesser Whistling Duck is found in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
Spot billed Duck (];ghl; igy;l; lf;) - Gs;sp %f;F thj;J.

Gs;sp %f;F thj;Jfs; nghJthf gOg;G epwKila thj;Jf;fs;.
Ex : Spot billed Ducks are generally brown coloured ducks.
Northern Shoveler (ehHNjHd; N~hNtNsH) - Mz;b thj;J.

Mz;b thj;Jfs; ,e;jpahtpy; mf;NlhgH Kjy; Vg;uy; tiu ,Uf;Fk;.
Ex : Northern Shoveler will be in India from October to April.
Northern Pintail ( ) - .
20 30 .
Ex : The northern pintail is about 20 to 30 inches in length.
100
Garganey () - .
, .
Ex : In winter season, Garganey come to South Africa and India.
Common Teal ( ) - .
.
Ex : Common Teal is commonly found in wetlands.
0. Bar headed Goose ( ) - .

, .
Ex : The bar headed goose is one of the world's highest flying bird.
Decry (bfpiu) - ,fo;e;Jiu.

epWtdk; njhlHr;rpahf u[_tpd; jtWfis ,fo;e;Jiuf;f Kaw;rpf;fpwJ.
Ex : The company is constantly trying to decry the Raju's mistake.
Morass (Nkhu];) - rJg;G epyk;.

kiof;fhyj;jpd; NghJ> gs;sj;jhf;F xU rJg;G epykhf khwpaJ.
Ex : During the rainy season, the valley became an impassible morass.
Stench (];nld;r;) - JHehw;wk;.

,J kPdpd; JHehw;wk;.
Ex : This is the stench of fish.
Generosity (n[dpNuh]pl;b) - ngUe;jd;ik.

mtuJ ngUe;jd;ik vq;fs; midtUf;Fk; xU vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf ,Uf;Fk;.
Ex : His generosity is an example to us all.
Multifarious (ky;bghupa];) - gyjug;gl;l.

ehk; vy;NyhUk; ntt;NtW gyjug;gl;l kdg;ghd;ikia nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;.
Ex : We all us have different multifarious attitudes.
Diaphanous (ilaghNdh];) - xsp CLUTk;.

xsp CLUTk; jpiur;rPiy topahf ehq;fs; mtisg; ghHf;fKbe;jJ.
Ex : We could see her through the diaphanous curtain.
Diffident (bgpnld;l;) - jd;dk;gpf;ifaw;w

uhK xU jd;dk;gpf;ifaw;w egH MthH.
Ex : Ramu was an diffident person.
101
Perfunctory (ngHgq;rup) - mf;fiw ,y;yhky;.
mtuJ MHtk; mf;fiw ,y;yhky; ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : His interest was perfunctory.
Indefatigable (,d;bNgbfgpy;) - tplh Kaw;rpAila.

mtupd; tplh Kaw;rpAila Ntiy mtuJ tho;f;ifapy; ntw;wp ngw cjtpaJ.
Ex : His indefatigable work helped him to succeed in his life.
Incontrovertible (,d;fd;l;NuhntHl;bgps; ) - kWf;f KbahjJ.

mtuJ jHf;fk; Kw;wpYk; kWf;f KbahjJ.
Ex : His logic is utterly incontrovertible.
Spacecraft (];Ng];fpuhg;l;) - tpz;fyk;.

tpz;fyj;jpy; %d;W tpz;ntsp tPuHfs; ,Uf;fpwhHfs;.
Ex : There are three astronauts in the spacecraft.
Constellation (fhd;];Nly;Ny~d;) - tpz;kPd; Fohk;.

rpy tpz;kPd; Fohk; ,d;Dk; flypy; flw;gilahy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
Ex : Some constellation are still used by navigators at sea.
Spaceflight (];Ng];gpiyl;) - tpz;ntsp tpkhdk;.

mtHfs; xU Gjpa tpz;ntsp tpkhdj;jpw;fhd jpl;lj;ijj; njhlq;f cs;sdH.
Ex : They began to start on a new spaceflight plan.
Aerospace (VNuh];Ng];) - thd;ntsp.

uhK xU thd;ntspg; nghwpapayhsH MthH.
Ex : Ramu is an aerospace engineer.
Telescope (nlny];Nfhg;) - njhiyNehf;fp.

njhiyNehf;fp %yk; ePq;fs; kiyfis ghHf;f KbAk;.
Ex : You can see the mountains by the telescope.
Geosynchronous satellite ([pNahrpd;fud]; Nrbiyl;) - Gtp epiyj; Jizf;Nfhs;.

Gtp epiyj; Jizf;Nfhs; xU tif nraw;ifj; Jizf;Nfhs; MFk;.
Ex : The geosynchronous satellite is a type of artificial satellite.
Astronomy (m];l;uhdkp) - thdpay;.

thdpay; vd;gJ thdpay; nghUs;fs; kw;Wk; epfo;Tfs; gw;wpa xU ,aw;if mwptpay;
MFk;.
Ex : Astronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena.
102
Orbit (MHgpl;) - Rw;Wg;ghij.
tpz;ntspapy; nraw;ifNfhspd; Rw;Wg;ghij Nrjkile;Js;sJ.
Ex : The orbit of a space satellite was damaged.
Space capsule (];Ng]; Nfg;Ry;) - tpz;ngl;lfk;.

tpz;ngl;lfk; vd;gJ kdpjHfs; gazpf;Fk; tpz;fyk; MFk;.
Ex : Space capsule is a spacecraft traveled by humans.
Space probe (];Ng]; gpuhg;) - tpz;Zstp.

tpz;Zstp vd;gJ NuhNghbf; tpz;fyk; MFk;.
Ex : A space probe is a robotic spacecraft.
Synopsis (rpdhg;]p];) - fijr;RUf;fk;.

fijr;RUf;fj;ijf; ftdkhf gbf;fTk;.
Ex : Read out the synopsis carefully.
Verdure (NtHLH) - gRikahd jhtuq;fs;.

kiyfs; gRikahd jhtuq;fshy; %lg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
Ex : The hills are covered with verdure.
Astute (V];bA+l;) - kjpEl;gkhd.

uh[{ xU kjpEl;gkhd njhopyjpgH.
Ex : Raju is an astute businessman.
Debonair (bNghidw;) - kupahijAila.

uhK xU kupahijAila egH MthH.
Ex : Ramu is an debonair person.
Parsimony (ghurPNkhdp) - fQ;rj;jdk;.

fQ;rj;jdkhd eguhf ,Uf;f Ntz;lhk;.
Ex : Don't be a parsimony person.
Rectitude (nuf;bA+l;) - NeHik.

jpUlHfspd; NeHik kPJ xU nghJthd re;Njfk; cs;sJ.
Ex : There is a general doubt about the rectitude of the thiefs.
Quagmire (FNtf;ikH) - GijFop.

vd; fhyzp xU GijFopf;Fs; rpf;fp tpl;lJ.
Ex : My shoe got stuck in a quagmire.
103
Primeval (g;upNkty;) - kpfg; goq;fhy.
ehq;fs; xU kpfg; goq;fhy tPl;bw;Fs; Eioe;Njhk;.
Ex : We entered into a primeval house.
Prescient (gpNurpd;l;) - jPHf;fjuprdkhd.

ehq;fs; Nfhtpypy; xU jPHf;fjuprdkhd egiu ghHj;Njhk;.
Ex : We saw a prescient person in the temple.
Mendacious (nkd;lh]pa];) - cz;ikaw;w.

xt;nthU kdpjDk; cz;ikaw;w epiyia czu Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : Every man must feel the mendacious situation.
Glaring (fpNyupq;) - ntspg;gil.

mwpf;ifapy; rpy ntspg;gilahd gpiofs; cs;sd.
Ex : The report contains some glaring errors.
Eschew (v];F) - jtpH.

jiytH td;Kiwiaj; jtpHf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : Leader must eschew violence.
Retrograde (nul;NuhfpNul;) - gpw;Nghf;F.

njhopw;rhiyapd; %ly; xU gpw;Nghf;fhd eltbf;if MFk;.
Ex : The closure of the factory is a retrograde step.
Reckless (nuf;y]; ) - ftdf;FiwT.

mtH Fbj;jpUf;Fk; NghJ kpfTk; ftdf;Fiwthf ,Ug;ghH.
Ex : He is very reckless when he is drunk.
Maze (Nk];) - gpuik.

uh[{ gpuik gpbj;j egiu Nghy Njhw;wkspj;jhH.
Ex : Raju looked like a mazed person.
Regime (upifk;) - Ml;rp.

,uhZt Ml;rp tpiutpy; [dehafj;ij kPl;Fk; vd;W cWjpaspj;Js;sJ.
Ex : The military regime has promised to restore democracy soon.
Recalcitrant (upfhy;rpl;uz;l; ) - mlq;fhj.

gy;fiyf; fofk; kpfTk; mlq;fhj MHg;ghl;lf;fhuHfis ,ilePf;fk; nra;jJ.
Ex : The University suspended the most recalcitrant demonstrators.
104
Sparse (];NgH];) - mlHj;jpaw;w.
mts; Kb mlHj;jpaw;W cs;sJ.
Ex : Her hair was sparse.
Hindrance (`pz;l;ud;];) - jil.

,g;NghJ mtHfs; jil ,y;yhky; Ruq;fg;ghij mikg;Gfis fl;l KbAk;.
Ex : Now they can construct tunnel systems without hindrance.
Censure (nrd;RH) - fz;ldk;.

KO fijiaAk; njupe;Jnfhs;Sk;tiu ePq;fs; mtidf; fz;bf;f $lhJ.
Ex : You must not censure him until you know the whole story.
Vacuole (Ntf;a+s;) - Gd;ntw;wplk;.

Gd;ntw;wplk; midj;J jhtuk; kw;Wk; G+Q;ir capuZf;fspy; cs;sd.
Ex : Vacuole is present in all plant and fungal cells.
Chromosome (fpNuhNkhNrhk;) - epwg;Gup.

epwg;Gup Ez;Nzhf;fp %yk; kl;LNk njupAk;.
Ex : Chromosomes are visible only through microscope.
Plasma membrane (gpsh];kh nkk;gNud;) - KjYUnkd;rt;T.

epiyf;fUtpyp xNu xU KjYUnkd;rt;it nfhz;Ls;sJ.
Ex : Prokaryotes have only one plasma membrane.
Lipid bilayer (ypgpl; igNyaH) - nfhOkpa <uLf;F.

Ma;tfj;jpy; nfhOkpa <uLf;if nraw;ifahf cUthf;f KbAk;.
Ex : Lipid bilayers can be created artificially in the lab.
Cell wall (nry; thy;) - fyr;RtH.

1665 Mk; Mz;by; uhgHl; `_f;> jhtpu fyr;Rtiu Kjypy; fz;lwpe;jhH.
Ex : A plant cell wall was first observed by Robert Hooke in 1665.
Prokaryote (g;NuhfHNahl;) - epiyf;fUtpyp.

epiyf;fUtpyp capuZfSf;F gy;NtW tbtq;fs; cs;sd.
Ex : Prokaryote cells have various shapes.
Transmembrane protein (l;uhd;];nkk;gNud; g;NuhBd;) - khWgf;fr;rt;Tg; Gujk;.

khWgf;fr;rt;Tg; Gujj;jpy; ,uz;L mbg;gil tiffs; cs;sd.
Ex : There are two basic types of transmembrane proteins.
105
Eukaryote (A+fHNahl;) - nka;f;fUTapup.
nka;f;fUTapup capuZf;fs; nghJthf ngupait.
Ex : Eukaryote cells are typically larger.
Epithelium (vgpnjypak;) - Gwtzpapioak;.

Gwtzpapioak; fhaq;fSf;F gpwF tsHe;J kPz;Lk; cUthf;fg;gLk;.
Ex : Epithelium will grow and regenerate after injuries.
Cytoskeleton (irNlh];nfyplhd;) - Fopa td;$L.

midj;J capuZtpYk; Fopa td;$L mike;Js;sJ.
Ex : A cytoskeleton is present in all cells.
Inconsistency (,d;fhd;rp];nld;rp ) - Kuz;ghL.

,e;j jpUj;jkhdJ ,U rl;lq;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd Kuz;ghl;il mfw;Wk;.
Ex : These amendment will remove the inconsistency between the two laws.
Breach (gpuPr;) - mj;JkPwy;.

xg;ge;jj;jpy; mj;JkPwpajw;fhf mtH tof;F njhlHe;jhH.
Ex : He was sued for breach of contract.
Arbitrary (MHgpl;Nuup) - jd;dpr;ir.

tpjpfs; jd;dpr;irahfj; njupfpwJ.
Ex : The rules seems arbitrary.
Apathy (mNgjp) - mf;fiwapd;ik.

mtuJ mf;fiwapd;ik ,d;Dk; mtis Nrhfkhf Mf;fpaJ.
Ex : His apathy just made her even more sad.
Alacrity (mofpupl;b) - RWRWg;G.

gupRg; ngl;bfs; RWRWg;Gld; toq;fg;gl;ld.
Ex : Gift boxes were delivered with alacrity.
Norms (ehHk;];) - tiuKiwfs;.

ePq;fs; rKjhaj;jpd; tpjpKiwfSf;F Vw;g ,zq;f Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : You must adapt to the norms of the society.
Pertinent (ngHbdd;l;) - njhlHGila.

mtH vd;dplk; epiwa mwptpay; njhlHGila Nfs;tpfisf; Nfl;lhH.
Ex : He asked me a lot of science pertinent questions.
106
Plunger (g;yq;fH) - cyf;if.
ehd; xU Gjpa cyf;ifia thq;fpNdd;.
Ex : I bought a new plunger.
Accusation (mf;FNrrd;) - Fw;wr;rhl;L.

uh[hTf;F vjpuhf uhK xU Fw;wr;rhl;il gjpT nra;jhH.
Ex : Ramu made an accusation against Raju.
Inevitable (,dptplgpy;) - jtpHf;f Kbahj.

,J xU jtpHf;f Kbahj epfo;r;rp MFk;.
Ex : This is an inevitable function.
Conundrum (fhZd;buk;) - GjpH.

,e;j Gjpiu jPHf;f Kaw;rp nra;aTk;.
Ex : Try to solve this conundrum.
Boon (G+d;) - tuk;.

kf;fspilNa ,Ue;J te;j ed;nfhil njhz;L epWtdj;jpw;F xU ey;y tukhf ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : The donation from the people was a great boon for the charity.
Cursory (fHrup) - NkNyhl;lkhd.

xU NkNyhl;lkhd vz;zpf;iff;F gpd;dH> mq;F 10 egHfs; ,Ue;jdH vd;W mtH
czHe;jhH.
Ex : After a cursory count, he realized that there were 10 people.
Brusque (g;U];A+) - eakw;w.

cztfj;jpy; toq;FdH Ntfkhf> eakw;w Kiwapy; czTg; nghUl;fisg; gupkhwpdhH.
Ex : The waiter at the restaurant was fast and brusque while serving the items.
Cupidity (Fgpbl;b) - Nguhir.

[hdpd; Nguhir tq;fpapy; jpUl mtiu toptFj;jJ.
Ex : John's cupidity led him to rob the bank.
Iniquity (,d;Fa;l;b) - mePjp.

mtHfs; jq;fs; kfid mePjpapypUe;J fhg;ghw;w Kaw;rpj;jhHfs;.
Ex : They were trying to protect their son from iniquity.
Execrable (vf;rpfpugpy;) - Nkhrkhf.

tpLjpapy; czT kpf Nkhrkhf ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : The food at the restaurant was execrable.
107
Capricious (Nfg;uprpa];) - fpWf;Fj;jdkhd.
mtH xU fpWf;Fj;jdkhd Ml;rpahsH.
Ex : He is a capricious ruler.
Filthy (gpy;jp) - ,ope;j.

mtd; ,ope;j Milia mzpe;jpUe;jhd;.
Ex : He was clothed with filthy garments.
Hoarse (N`hH];) - fufug;ghd.

mtuJ fufug;ghd Fuy; mtiu milahsk; fhl;baJ.
Ex : His hoarse voice quickly identified him.
Minatory - gaKWj;Jfpw> mr;r%l;Lfpw

Ex: The novels protagonist is haunted by a minatory black specter.
Consecrate - Rj;jk; nra;> Gdpjkhf;F

Ex: The present Holy Trinity church was consecrated in 185.
Deflation - gzthl;lk;
Ex: Economists worry that deflation will bring the country into recession
Forgetfulness - kwjp
Ex: She teased him for his forgetfulness.
Obeisance - jiytzq;Fjy;> tzf;fk;> te;jdk;

Ex: They paid obeisance to the prince.
Bother - rq;flg;gLj;J> njhe;juT

Ex: He saved me the bother of having to come up with a speech.
Oneself - xUtH jk;ikNa

Ex: It is difficult to wrest oneself away.
Lifelessness - ,wg;gpw;Fg;gpd;
Ex: His lifeless body was taken from the river.
Admonish - fz;b> vr;rup> fbe;Jnfhs;

Ex: They were admonished to take advantage of the opportunity.
Shun - fiyj;jy;> jtpH> tpyf;F

Ex: He shuns parties and social events.
Impoverishment - twpa epiyapy; ,Uf;f

Ex: Poor farming practices impoverished the soil.
Wrangle - jPtpu thf;F thjk;> tha; rz;il
108
Ex: An insurance wrangle is holding up compensation payments.
Exoneration - Fw;wr;rhl;bypUe;J tpLg;G

Ex: The results of the DNA fingerprinting finally exonerated the man, but only after he had wasted
10 years of his life in prison.
Systematize - xOq;FgLj;J
Ex: The computer program systematizes the data and enters it into a table.
Interrogate - tprhuiz nra;jy;> Nfs;tp Nfs;

Ex: Interrogated him about where hed gone the night before.
Comeuppance - (jFjp cilatDf;Ff; fpilf;Fk;) ntWf;fj;jf;f ntFkjp

Ex: One of these days, hell get his comeuppance for treating people so arrogantly.
Maneuver - #o;r;rp
Ex: With a quick maneuver, she avoided an accident.
Attainment - xd;iw Kad;W miljy;

Ex: The attainment of a complete collection is the measure of a collectors success.
Consent - xg;Gjy;> rk;kjk;

Ex: No change may be made without the consent of all the partners.
Bombard - ntb Fz;bdhy; jhf;F

Ex: The city was bombarded by terrorists.
Impute - Rkj;J> rhl;L

Ex: People often impute his silence to unfriendliness and not to the shyness it really represents.
Inept - jpwikaw;w
Ex: He made an inept attempt to apologize.
Watchful - $Hikahd> tpopg;gha; ,Uf;Fk; jd;ik cila

Ex: We need to be more watchful of our children.
Reluctant - kdkpy;yhj> jaq;Ffpw> tpUg;gkw;w

Ex: She seemed reluctant to discuss the matter.
Subsist - gpioj;jpU> [Ptp

Ex: Thousands of refugees subsist on international handouts.
Beseech - Ntz;bf;nfhs;
Ex: They beseeched him to stay with us.
Beleaguered - Kw;Wifaplg;gl;Ls;s
Ex: He is leading a relief force to the aid of the beleaguered city.
Reprehensible - fz;bf;fj;jf;f
Ex: He doing reprehensible actions against the company.
109
Fluorescence - xspHT
Ex: Studied the fluorescence of certain elements.
0. Stumble - jLkhW
Ex: I heard him stumble over the unfamiliar words.
Exculpation - kd;dpg;G
Ex: The court exculpated him after a thorough investigation.
Appellate - Nky; KiwaPL

Ex: That question has not been determined by any ultimate appellate court in any common law
country.
Condoned - kd;dpj;J tpL

Ex: The college cannot condone any behavior that involves illicit drugs.
Retainer - gzpahs;> Nrtfd;

Ex: On the other side of the road, there was a log retainer wall.
Queue - tupir
Ex: In the war they had queued for food.
Imprisonment - rpiwapy; milf;fg;gl;l epiy

Ex: He was sentenced to two months imprisonment.
Magistrate - Fw;wtpay; ePjpgjp

Ex: Chose to take their case before the local magistrate.
Eradicate - epH%ykhf;F
Ex: The disease has now been completely eradicated.
Jurisdiction - rl;l mjpfhuk;

Ex: He was arrested in another jurisdiction.
Reprove - fbe;Jnfhs;
Ex: After the meeting the boss reproved on the all employees.
Dilettante - ftpd;fiy MHtyH

Ex: He is a dilettante approach to science.
Enigmatic - Gjpuhd
Ex: He took the money with an enigmatic smile.
Agreeable - kdjpw;F cfe;j> Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sfpw

Ex: Hes a very agreeable young man.
Descendant - re;jjp> tk;rj;jhH

Ex: Shes a descendant of Charles Darwin.
110
Indignant - NfhgKk; ntWg;Gk; nfhz;l
Ex: He was indignant at being the object of suspicion.
Accessory - ,d;wpaikahjjhapDk; gaDs;s nghUs;

Ex: Functionally the maxillae are a pair of accessory jaws.
Foreboding - ,Uz;l
Ex: She was filled with a sense of foreboding.
Preempt - Kd;$l;bNa jLj;J

Ex: The accident will be preempted by the traffic police.
Allocate - xJf;F> epHzap

Ex: We need to determine the best way to allocate our resources.
Tolerable - jhq;ff;$ba> Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba

Ex: The heat was tolerable for only a short time.
Curtail - RUf;F> Fiw

Ex: Please curtail the content around 4KB.
Engage - Ntiyapy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;

Ex: Organizations engage in a variety of activities.
Monetary - (xU ehl;bd;) gz;Kiw rhHe;j

Ex: A crime committed for monetary gain.
Scenario - epiyj;jd;ik> fhl;rp> elg;G Mfpa tptuq;fs; mlq;fpa ehlff; fhl;rpg; gl;bay;
Ex: Imagine the scenarios for four short stories.
Resident - FbAupik> trpg;NghH

Ex: He has been resident in Brazil for a long time.
Enforceability - mkyhf;f
Ex: Police will be enforcing the parking ban.
Compensation - ,og;gPL> <L nra;jy;

Ex: She offered to pay for lunch as compensation for keeping me waiting.
Overseen - Nkw;ghHit
Ex: He was hired to oversee design and construction of the new facility.
Annuity - Mz;Lr; re;jh

Ex: Part of her retirement income will come from an annuity.
Inflation - gztPf;fk;
Ex: The rate of inflation is high.
Aries - Nk~k;
Ex: The first sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters at the vernal equinox (about March 20).
111
Taurus - up~gk;
Ex: The second sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters on about April 21.
Gemini - kpJdk;
Ex: The third sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about May 21.
Cancer - flfk;
Ex: The fourth sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters at the northern summer solstice (about June
21).
Leo - rpk;kk;
Ex: The fifth sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about July 23.
Virgo - fd;dp
Ex: The sixth sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about August 23.
Libra - Jyhk;
Ex: The seventh sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters at the northern autumnal equinox (about
September 23).
Scorpio - tpUr;rpfk;
Ex: The eighth sign of the zodiac (the Scorpion), which the sun enters about October 23.
Sagittarius - jDR
Ex: The ninth sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about November 22.
Capricornus - kfuk;
Ex: The tenth sign of the zodiac (the Goat), which the sun enters at the northern winter solstice
(about December 21).
Aquarius - Fk;gk;
Ex: The eleventh sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about January 21.
Pisces - kPdk;
Ex: The twelfth sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about February 20.
BJP reluctant on DMDKs candidate demand.

Reluctant (hpyf;ld;l;) - jaf;fk;> tpUg;gkw;w> kdkpy;yhj
Supreme Court denies interim relief to Saibaba.

Interim (,d;bupk;) - ,ilf;fhyk;
Banks need an autonomy stimulus.

Autonomy (ml;NlhNdhkp) - Ra mjpfhuk;
Focus on agriculture, infrastructure hailed.

Hailed (nà;y;L) - ghuhl;bdhH
Sriya rebels say government is wrecking truce deal.
112
Rebels - Nghuhspfs;
Truce (l;&];) - NghH epWj;j cld;ghL
Farmers consider Budget a letdown.

Letdown (nyl;lTd;) - iftply;
Government tweaks Securities Transaction Tax.

Tweaks (LtPf;];) - khw;wq;fs;
DMK alleges 57 lakh bogus voters added recently.

Bogus (Nghf];) - Nghyp
Alleges (myPf;];) - Fw;wQ;rhl;baJ
Resistor (nurp];lH) - kpd;jil

A device having resistance to the passage of an electric current.
Capacitor (nfg;ghrplH) - kpd;Njf;fp

A device used to store an electric charge, consisting of one or more pairs of
conductors separated by an insulator.
Inductor (,d;lf;lH) - kpd; J}z;b

A component in an electric or electronic circuit which possesses inductance.
Conductor (fd;lf;lH) - flj;jp

In a conductor, electric current can flow freely. Ex : Copper
Semi Conductor (nrkp fd;lf;lH) - Fiw flj;jp

A solid substance such as silicon that allows some electricity to pass through it,
used for making electronic equipment such as computers. Ex : Silicon, Germanium
Insulator (,d;RNylH) - kpd; flj;jhg; nghUs;

A substance or device which does not readily conduct electricity. Ex : glass.
Capacitance (nfg;ghrpld;];) - jhq;Fk; jpwd;

The ratio of the change in an electric charge in a system to the corresponding
change in its electric potential.
Generator (n[dNul;lH) - nraw;if kpd; Mf;fp

A dynamo or similar machine for converting mechanical energy into electricity.
Diode (ilNahL) - ,UKidak;

A semiconductor device with two terminals (Anode and Cathode), typically allowing
the flow of current in one direction only.
Transformer (buhd;];/ghHkH) - kpd;khw;wp

It is an apparatus for reducing or increasing the voltage of an alternating current.
113
Turmeric was auctioned for Rs.7 lakh at the Pallapatti Agricultural Producers Cooperative
Marketing Society.
Auctioned (mf;~d;L) - Vyk;
548 migrant bonded labourers rescued.

Migrant (ikf;uz;l;) - FbngaHe;NjhH
Rescued (nu];fpA+L) - kPl;fg;gl;ldH
A Political gambit that risks legal hurdles again.

Gambit (fhk;gpl;) - cghaq;fs;
Hurdles (n`Hby;];) - jilfs;
Chidambaram solely cleared affidavit.

Affidavit (m/gpl/gpl;) - vOj;jpy; rj;jpa thf;F %yk;> cWjpr; rhd;W
Tamil Nadus letter is just a pretence, says Nalinis lawyer.

Pretence (gpupl;nld;];) - ghrhq;F> ghtid
Maruthi Suzuki India Ltd has asserted that its Alto, Indias largest selling car that has just
achieved sales milestone of the three million units.
Asserted (mnrHNlHL) - cWjpahfr; nrhy;Yjy;
Milestone (iky;];Nlhd;) - iky;fy;
. Guilty will not be spared, says Jaitley.

Guilty (fpy;l;b) - Fw;wthsp
Spared (];NgHL) - tpLtpj;jy;> tpLtp
Tamil Nadu makes another bid to free convicts, seeks Centres views.
Convicts (fhd;tpf;l;];) - Fw;wthspfs;> ifjpfs;
Finance Minister tries change in tack to enhance government image.

Enhance (vd;N`d;];) - mjpfhpf;f
A chance for tax evaders to come clean.

Chance (rhd;];) - tha;g;G
Hail (nà;y;) - Myq;fl;b kio.

,d;W kio> gdp kw;Wk; Myq;fl;b kio RkhH 55 rjtPjk; gjpthfp cs;sJ.
Ex : Today the rain, snow and hail is recorded for about 55 percentage.
Blanket (g;Nyd;fpl;) - NghH it.

gdpapd; fhuzkhf> vdf;F xU $Ljy; NghH it Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : Because of snow, I need an extra blanket..
Mist (kp];l;) - %Lgdp.

rpfuq;fs; %Lgdpahy; %b kiwf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.
Ex : The peaks were shrouded in mist.
Frost (g;uh];l;) - ciwgdp.

ciwgdpahy; me;j kuq;fs; nts;isahf ,Ue;jd.
114
Ex : The trees were white with the frost.
Snowfall (];ndhghy;) - gdpg;nghopT.

fLikahd gdpg;nghopthy; gazk; Kw;wpYk; rhj;jpakw;wpUe;jJ.
Ex : The trip was absolutely impossible by heavy snowfalls.
Melt (nky;l;) - cUFjy;.

R+upa ntg;gj;jpy; gdpf;fl;b cUfpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
Ex : The ice is melting in the sun.
Avalanche (mt;nyd;r;) - gdpr;rupT.

xU rpwpa gdpAUz;ilahy;> gdpr;rupit njhlq;f KbAk;.
Ex : A small snowball can start an avalanche.
Snowdrift (];ndhbupg;l;) - gdpNkL.

Fbirfs; gdpNkLfspy; Gijf;fg;gl;lJ.
Ex : The huts was buried in the snowdrifts.
Frozen (g;uhn[d;) - ciwe;j.

Vup Kw;wpYk; ciwe;j epiyapy; cs;sJ..
Ex : The lake is in completely frozen state.
Chionablepsia (irahNdhg;ny];gpah) - gdpf;FUL.

gdpf;FUL vd;gJ Gw Cjhf;fjpH fshy; Vw;gLk; fz;fspd; tPf;fk;.
Ex : Chionablepsia is inflammation of the eyes caused by exposure to ultraviolet light.
Thunderstorm (jd;lu;];lhu;k;) - ,bAld; $ba kio.

,bAld; $ba kioahy; New;W mQ;ry; mDg;g jhkjkhdJ.
Ex : Yesterday the sending of mail was delayed due to the thunderstorm.
Cyclone (irf;Nyhd;) - R+whtsp.

R+whtsp efuj;jpy; fLikahd Nrjj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ.
Ex : The cyclone caused serious damage to the city.
Tempestuous (nlk;ng];Lt];) - R+iwf;fhw;W.

tPl;Lf;F ntspNa R+iwf;fhw;W mbf;fpwJ.
Ex : The tempestuous is raging outside the home.
Typhoon (ilghd;) - fLk;Gay;.

xU ngUk; fLk;Gay; ek;ik neUq;fp nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
Ex : A huge typhoon is approaching us.
Attack (mNlf;) - jhf;Fjy;.

xU ngupa R+whtsp fle;j tUlk; JiwKfj;ijj; jhf;fpaJ.
Ex : A huge cyclone attacked the harbor last year.
Deluge (bY[;) - gpusak;.

gpusaj;jpw;F gpwF> efuj;jpy; cs;s ngUk;ghyhd tPLfs; mopf;fg;gl;Ltpl;ld.
Ex : After the deluge, most of the houses in the town were destroyed.
Monsoon (kd;#d;) - gUtkio.
115
,J xU gUtkio fhykhFk;.
Ex : This is the monsoon season.
Flood (g;sl) - nts;sk;.

ehd; nts;sj;jpd; Ntfj;ijf; fz;L Mr;rupag;gl;Nld;.
Ex : I was surprised to see the fury of the floods.
Weather (ntju;) - thdpiy.

,d;W thdpiy Fspu;r;rpahf ,Uf;fpwJ.
Ex : Today the weather is cold.
Whirldwind (nthu;y;tpd;l;) - Roy;fhw;W.

Roy;fhw;W kziyf; nfhz;L nry;fpd;wJ.
Ex : The whirldwind carry the sand.
Dissidence (brpld;];) - vjpHg;G.

kf;fs; gaq;futhj eltbf;iff;F vjpuhf jq;fsJ vjpHg;ig fhl;bdhHfs;.
Ex : People showed their dissidence against terrorist activity.
Extremism (vf;];l;upkp]k;) - jPtputhjk;.

NtW ve;j ehl;bYk; n[Hkdp Nghy jPtputhjj;jpw;F vjpuhd rl;lq;fs; ,y;iy.
Ex : No other country like Germany have laws against extremism.
Genocide ([pndhirl;) - ,dg;gLnfhiy.

gy ehLfspy; ,dg;gLnfhiyfis gw;wp gy mwpf;iffs; cs;sd.
Ex : In several countries, there are many reports about genocide.
Revolutionaries (nunthY]dup];) - Gul;rpahsHfs;.

fpuhkg;Gwq;fspy; ,Ue;J Gul;rpahsHfis ntspNaw;Wtjpy; muR ntw;wp ngw;Wtpl;lJ.
Ex : The government has been successful in expelling the revolutionaries from the countryside.
Intimidate (,d;bkpNll;) - mr;RWj;jy;.

fhty;Jiwapdu; ghJfhg;G fl;lzk; nrYj;jkhW fil cupikahsHfis mr;RWj;jpdH.
Ex : The police intimidate the store owners to pay protection fees.
Dictatorship (bf;nllH]pg;) - rHthjpfhuk;.

rHthjpfhuj;jpd; fPo; thOk; NghJ ekf;F ve;j tpj Rje;jpuKk; ,y;iy.
Ex : We have no freedom, while living under the dictatorship.
Militancy (kpypnld;]p) - NghHf;Fzk;.

mtuJ eltbf;if NghHf;Fzj;jpw;F vjpuhf ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : His action was against militancy.
Subversion (rg;ntHrd;) - ehrNtiy.

ehrNtiy tof;Ff;F vjpuhd Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fs; epWgpf;fg;gltpy;iy.
Ex : Criminal charges against subversion cases is not proved.
Imprisoned (,k;gpup]d;l;) - rpiw gpbj;jy;.
116
mtHfsJ tprhuiz Kbe;j gpd;dH mtH rpiwgpbf;fg;gl;lhH.
Ex : He was imprisoned after the completion of their investigation.
0. Violence (ityd;];) - td;Kiw.

gy ngw;NwhHfs; njhiyf;fhl;rpapy; mjpf td;Kiw ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W ek;GfpwhHfs;.
Ex : Many parents believe that there is more violence on television.
Renaissance (nuidrd;];) - kWkyHr;rp.

kUj;Jt Jiwapy; xU kWkyHr;rp Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.
Ex : In the medical field a renaissance has occured.
Preservation (g;uprNt]d;) - ghJfhj;jy;.

gpNuj gupNrhjidf;fhf cly; ghJfhf;fg;gLfpwJ.
Ex : The body is preserved for post-mortem.
Decomposition (bfk;Nghrp]d;) - rpijT.

rpijTWjypy; ehk; epidtpy; nfhs;s Ntz;ba Kf;fpakhd tp~ak; ,we;j clypy; cs;s
ghf;Bupahtpd; ntspg;ghlhFk;.
Ex : The important thing to remember in the decomposition is the bacterial expression of the dead
body.
Anatomists (mdhlkp];l;) - clw;$W ty;YeHfs;.

clw;$W ty;YeHfshy; ,e;j rpfpr;ir Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.
Ex : This treatment was carried out by anatomists.
Corpses (fhg;];) - rlyk;.

fpzw;wpy; ,Ue;J rlyq;fs; kPl;fg;gl;ld.
Ex : The corpses was recovered from the well.
Incision (,d;rp]d;) - Mokhd fPwy;.

kUj;JtHfshy; mtuJ clypy; xU Mokhd fPwy; fz;lwpag;gl;lJ.
Ex : The doctors detected a incision on his body.
Deceased (brP];l;) - ,we;jtupd;.

,we;jtupd; clypy; xU jpwTNfhy; fz;nlLf;fg;gl;lJ.
Ex : A key was found in a deceased body.
Sutured (Rl;R) - ijay; ,lg;gl;l.

mtuJ tapw;wpy; ijay; ,lg;gl;L ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : His stomach was sutured.
Rigormortis (upNfhNkhb];) - ,we;j gpd; clypy; Vw;gLk; tpiug;G.

,we;j gpd; clypy; Vw;gLk; tpiug;gghy; %l;Lfs; kw;Wk; jirfs; kpfTk; fbdkhd
,Uf;Fk;.
Ex : The joints and muscles become very stiff when a rigormortis occurs.
Medical practitioner (nkbfy; g;Nuf;b]dH) - kUj;Jt gapw;rpahsH.

mtH kUj;Jt gapw;rpahsuhf gzpahw;wp tUfpwhH.
Ex : He was working as a medical practitioner.
117
Senate (rpNdl;) - Nky;rl;l rig.
Nky;rl;l rig New;W kNrhjhit epiwNtw;wpaJ.
Ex : The senate passed the bill yesterday.
Cabinet (Nfgpndl;) - mikr;ruit.

mikr;ruitapd; midj;J cWg;gpdHfSk; cldpUe;jdH.
Ex : All members of the cabinet were present.
Consulate (fd;Rnyl;) - J}jufk;.

,e;jpahtpd; muR J}jH [dhjpgjpaplk; Ngr mnkupf;f J}jufj;jpy; ,Ue;J te;jhH.
Ex : The India ambassador arrived from the US consulate to speak to the President.
Council (fTd;rpy;) - MNyhrid rig.

ehd; Ie;J Mz;Lfs; ehlhSkd;w MNyhridr; rigapy; ,Ue;Njd;.
Ex : I have been on the parliament council for five years.
Deserted (brHnll;) - ntwpr;Nrhb.

ghuhSkd;wk; $l;lj;jpw;F gpwF ntwpr;Nrhb ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : The Parliament was deserted after the meeting.
Discrimination (b];fpupkpNd]d;) - ghugl;rk;.

vjpH fl;rpfSf;F ,ilNa ghugl;rk; ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : There was discrimination between the opposition parties.
Dissolved (brhy;t;l;) - fiyf;fg;gl;lJ.

MNyhrid rig $l;lk; mikr;rHfshy; fiyf;fg;gl;lJ.
Ex : The council meeting was dissolved by the ministers.
Assembly (mn]k;g;yp) - rl;lrig.

rl;lrig cWg;gpdHfs; mZ MAjj;jpw;F vjpuhf MHg;ghl;lk; nra;a thf;fspj;jdH.
Ex : The member of assembly voted to protest against the nuclear armament.
Association (mN]h]pNa]d;) - rq;fk;.

mikr;ruit rq;fk; tupfs; kPJ xU Gjpa rl;lj;ij ,aw;w KbT nra;Js;sJ.
Ex : The cabinet association decided to enact a new law on taxes.
Committee (fkpl;b) - FO.

mikr;ruit FO midj;J KbTfisAk; vLf;Fk;.
Ex : The cabinet committee will take all decisions.
Hailstorm (nà;y;];lhk;) - Myq;fl;b kio.

Myq;fl;b kio gUtfhyk; rhHe;jit my;y> vdNt Mz;bd; ve;j khjj;jpYk; Vw;glyhk;.
Ex: Hailstorm is not seasonal, so it can occur at any month of year.
Blizzard (g;yp]hl;) - gdpg;Gay;.

gdpg;Gay; fhuzkhf ,e;j tpkhdk; jhkjkhdJ.
Ex: This flight was delayed due to the blizzard.
118
Severe (rpnt) - fLikahd.
,e;j efuk; fLikahd Gayhy; Nrjj;Jf;F MshdJ.
Ex: This city was damaged by a severe storm.
Storm warning (];lhk;thdpq;) - Gay; vr;rupf;if.
jkpo;ehL muR Kd; $l;bNa Gay; vr;rupf;ifia mwptpj;jJ.
Ex: Tamilnadu Government announced the storm warning in advance.
Tornadoes (NlhdNlh];) - Row;fhw;W.

Nfhilapy; mbf;fb Row;fhw;W tPRk;.
Ex: Tornadoes often blows in the summer.
Hurricane (iùpf;d;) - R+whtsp.

1090 - ,y; xU kpfg;ngupa R+whtsp yz;lid fle;J> mWE}W tPLfis rha;j;jJ.
Ex: In 1090 a tremendous hurricane passed over London and blew down six hundred houses.
Furious (g;Aupa];) - rPw;wk;.

mnkupf;fHfs; fly; rPw;wj;jpw;F gpwF jPit ifg;gw;wpdH.
Ex: The Americans took control of the island after furious of the sea.
Tempest (];l;uhq;) - tYthd.

tYthd Gay; tHjh jw;NghJ njd; ,e;jpah KOtJk; tYtpoe;j ntg;g kz;ly R+whtsp
MFk;.
Ex: Strong Storm Vardah is a weakening tropical cyclone currently over South India.
Meteorological (kpbuhyp[pfy;) - tspkz;ly Ma;T.

tspkz;ly Ma;T ikak; Gaiy gw;wpa mwpf;if tpLj;Js;sJ.
Ex: Meteorological Center has issued a statement about the storm.
Devastation (bth];l;V]d;) - NguopT.

tHjh Gay; nrd;id khefupy; Nguopit cz;lhf;fpaJ.
Ex: Vardah storm caused devastation in chennai city.
Demise (bik];) - kiwT.

vd; jhapd; kiwTf;Fg; gpd;dH gs;sp nry;tij epWj;jptpl;Nld;.
Ex : After my mother's demise I stopped going to school.
Execution (vf;]pf;A]d;) - kuzjz;lid.

,sk; Fw;wthspfspd; kuzjz;lid rHtNjr rl;lk; %yk; jil nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
Ex : The execution of young criminals is prohibited by international law.
Accident (Mf;]pl;d;l;) - tpgj;J.

mtH xU tpgj;jpy; fhykhdhH.
Ex : He passed away in a accident.
Awful (Mt;Gy;) - gupjhgk;.

mtuJ ,wg;G gupjhgkhf ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : His death was awful.
Euthanasia (AjNdrpah) - fUiz nfhiy.

gy ehLfspy; rl;lG+Htkhf fUiz nfhiyia eilKiwapy; mDkjpf;fpwJ.
Ex : Many countries are now legally allowing the practice of euthanasia.
119
Macabre (nkfhgpH) - ,uf;fkw;w.
gpuQ;R Gul;rp fhyj;jpy;> ,uf;fkw;w gLnfhiyfs; mjpfkhf ,Ue;jJ.
Ex : During the French Revolution, macabre slaughter was too much.
Killed (fpy;l;) - nfhy;yg;gl;lhH.

mtH xU fytuj;jpy; nfhy;yg;gl;lhH.
Ex : He was killed in a riots.
Brain death (g;nua;d; nlj;) - %is rhT.

%is rhthy; mtH ghjpfg;gl;Ls;shH.
Ex : He was affected by brain death.
Mortuary (khHr;Rtup) - rtf;fplq;F.

mtuJ cly; xU rtf;fplq;fpy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ.
Ex : His body was found in a mortuary.
Thanatophobia (jdNlhNghgpah) - rhit fz;L ,aw;if kPwpa Ngur;rk;.

nrd;idapy; > rhit fz;L ,aw;if kPwpa Ngur;rk; khefuj;jpd; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; gutp
tUfpwJ.
Ex : In chennai, thanatophobia is spread among residents of metropolises.
Finance (igdhd;];) - epjp.

jdJ jpl;lj;jpy; Vw;gl;l el;lj;jpw;F epjpaspf;f jd;Dila rNfhjudplkpUe;J flid
thq;fpdhH.
Ex : He borrowed from his brother to finance the loss he made on the project.
Cheque (nrf;) - fhNrhiy.

fhNrhiy vd;gJ xU egupd; fzf;fpy; ,Ue;J xU Fwpg;gpl;l njhifia ,d;ndhU
eguplk; nrYj;Jk; Mtzk; MFk;.
Ex : A cheque is a document used to pay a specific amount of money from a person's account to
another person.
Demand draft (bkhd;l; buhg;l;) - Nfl;G tiuNthiy.

Nfl;G tiuNthiy vd;gJ xU guptHj;jidg; gw;wpa xU nryhtzpf;fUtp MFk;.
Ex : A demand draft is a negotiable instrument similar to a bill of exchange.
Deposit (bghrpl;) - itg;G.

Mg;fhdpa murhq;f tpjpKiwfs; gb> nghJg; gzj;ij ve;j xU jdpg;gl;l fzf;fpy;
itg;G itj;Jf; nfhs;s cupik ,y;iy.
Ex : According to Afghan government regulations, no one has the right to deposit public money
into a personal account.
Interest (,d;l;up];l;) - tl;b.

tl;b tpfpjk; 6 rjtPjkhf ,Uf;Fk;.
Ex : Rate of interest will be 6 percent.
Account (mnfht;d;l;) - fzf;F.

tUkhd tup Jiwf;F fzf;F fhl;Ltjw;fhf Ra njhopy; nra;Ak; egHfs; jq;fSila
tuT nryT fzf;Ffis rup tu itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
120
Ex : People who are self-employed need to keep a account of their revenue and expenses for tax
purposes.
Transaction (buhd;N]f;d;) - guptHj;jid.

vd;Dila fzf;fpy; ,Ue;J gz guptHj;jid nra;ag;gl;lJ.
Ex : Money transaction has made from my account.
Saving account (Nrtpq; mnfht;d;l;) - Nrkpg;G fzf;Ffs;.

Nrkpg;G fzf;Ffs; rpy;yiw epjp epWtdq;fs; %yk; guhkupf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
Ex : Saving accounts are maintained by retail financial institutions.
Cashier (Nf]pa) - fhrhsH.

mtH fhrhsuplk; gzj;ij nrYj;jpdhH.
Ex : He paid the amount to the cashier.
Current account (fHd;l; mnfha;t;d;l;) - elg;G fzf;F.

elg;G fzf;F fl;lz ,Ug;Gepiyf; Fwpg;gpy; ,uz;L $Wfspy; xd;whf cs;sJ.
Ex : Current account is one of the two components of its balance of payments.
Mobile phone (nkhigy; Nghd;) - ifg;Ngrp.

ehd; New;W vdJ ifg;Ngrpia njhiyj;J tpl;Nld;.
Ex : I lost my mobile phone yesterday.
Touch screen (lr; ];fpupd;) - njhL jpiu.

vd;Dila ifg;Ngrpapy; njhL jpiu Ntiy nra;atpy;iy.
Ex : Touch screen is not working in my mobile phone.
Password (gh];NtL) - flTr; nrhy;.

rpth mtdJ flTr;nrhy;iy gjpT nra;jhd;.
Ex : Siva entered his password.
Internet (,d;lHnel;) - ,izak;.

,d;W ,iza ,izg;G kpfTk; Nkhrkhf cs;sJ.
Ex : Today internet connection is very poor.
Short Message Service (~Hl; nkNr[; rHtP];) - FWQ;nra;jp.

ghyh mtdJ ez;gDf;F xU FWQ;nra;jp mDg;gpdhd;.
Ex : Bala send a short message service to his friend.
Operating System (Mg;Nul;bq; rp];lk;) - ,aq;Fjsk;.

vd;Dila ifg;Ngrpapy; Gjpa ,aq;Fjsk; xd;iw epWt Ntz;Lk;.
Ex : I want to install a new operating system in my mobile phone.
Browser (g;nusru;) - cyhtp.

uhK mtdJ ifg;Ngrp %yk; cyhtpia gad;gLj;jpdhd;.
Ex : Ramu using browser in his mobile phone.
Personal unlocking key (gH];dy; md;yhf;fpq; fP) - jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; jpwf;Fk; rhtp.
jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; jpwf;Fk; rhtp vd;w ghJfhg;G mk;rkhdJ cq;fs; ifg;Ngrpapy;
cs;s jfty;fis ghJfhf;fpwJ.
Ex : Personal Unlocking Key is a security feature on most mobile devices that protects your data.
121
Bluetooth (g;s+^j;) - jpwf;fw;iw.
nra;jpfis gfpHe;Jf;nfhs;s kf;fs; gyH jpwf;fw;iwia gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdH.
Ex : Many people are using bluetooth for sharing information.
Broadbrand (gpuhl;Ngz;l) - mfd;w miytupir.

ehd; vd;Dila tPl;by; mfd;w miytupir ,izg;ig itj;Js;Nsd;.
Ex : I am having broadband connetion in my home.
Shrine (];iud;) - Myak;.

mtHfs; vfpg;jpy; cs;s ghHNthdpd; goikahd Myaj;ijg; ghHf;f nrd;wdH.
Ex : They went to visit a Pharaoh's ancient shrine in Egypt.
Monastery (knd];l;up) - klk;.

19 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; kj;jpapy; ,e;j klj;jpy; n[db vd;w xU Jwtp ,Ue;jhH.
Ex : In the middle of the 19th century, a monk named Genadii was lived in this monastery.
Halidom (`ypnlk;) - Gdpj ,lk;.

jpUlu;fs; Gdpj ,lj;jpw;F nry;y jaq;Fthu;fs;.
Ex : Thieves are reluctant to go to the halidom.
Monk (khq;f;) - Jwtpfs;.

Nfhtpypy; gy QhdpfSk; gy JwtpfSk; ,g;NghJk; cs;sdH.
Ex : Many saints and monks are still in temples.
Consecrated (fhd;rpf;Null;) - Fk;ghgpN~fk;.

rptd; Nfhtpy; kWfl;Lkhdk; nra;ag;gl;l gpwF Fk;ghgpN~fk; eilngw;wJ.
Ex : Shivan temple was consecrated after reconstruction.
Pray (g;Nu) - gpuhHj;jid.

KO FLk;gKk; mtDf;fhf gpuhHj;jid nra;jhHfs;.
Ex : The whole family is praying for him.
Dilapidated (bygpnlbl;) - ghoile;j.

,e;jpa njhy;nghUs; Muha;r;rp epWtdk; gioa ghoile;j Nfhtpy;fis GJg;gpf;f
cs;sJ.
Ex : The Archeological Survey of India is renovating the old dilapidated temples.
Priory (g;iuapup) - Jwtp klk;.

fpuhkj;jpd; kWGwj;jpy; Jwtp klk; mike;Js;sJ.
Ex : Priory is located on the other side of the village.
Inscription (,d;];f;upg;]d;) - fy;ntl;Lfs;.

gy fy;ntl;Lfs; jQ;rhT+H Nfhtpypy; ,d;Dk; cs;sJ.
Ex : Many inscriptions are still found in the Thanjavur temple.
Pilgrims (gpy;fu; pk;];) - Gdpjg; gazpfs;.

Gdpjg; gazpfs; njhiyJ}u Njrq;fspypUe;J gupRfs; nfhz;L te;jdu;.
Ex : The pilgrims brought gifts from distant lands.
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P 1000 Words 2

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1200+ English words with Tamil meaning and Example sentences!

Peace (gP];) - mikjp.

Produce (g;nuhbA];) - cw;gj;jp.

Sell (nry;) - tpw;gid nra;.

Vigorous (tpNfhupa];) - jPtpukhd.

Symmetry (rpnkl;up) - rkr;rPu;.

Avarice (mtiu];) - Nguhir.

Keen (fPd;) - $upa.

Perdict (gphpbf;l;) - fzpf;f.

Incarcerate (,d;Nfu;fpupNal;) - rpiwg;gLj;J.

Eager (<fu;) - MHtkpf;f.

Accessible (mf;];rrpgpy;) - milaj;jf;f.

Nod (NehL) - xg;Gf; nfhs;.

Abyss (mgp];) - ghjhsk;.

Acerbity (mfu;gpl;b) - fLfLg;Gj;jd;ik.

Acumen (mf;Fnkd;) - Gj;jp $u;ik.

Intention (,d;nld;rd;) - Nehf;fk;.

Adjacent (ml;[rd;l;) - mUfpYs;s.

Adjourn (ml;[ha;u;d;) - js;sp it.

Benefit (ngdpgpl;) - ed;ik.

Arrival (miuty;) - tUif.

Advise (ml;it];) - mwpTiu.

Aghast (mf];l;) - gaj;jhy; jpif.

Agog (mNfhf;) - MtYld; vjpu;ghu;j;J.

Agriculture (mf;upfy;ru;) - tptrhak;.

Scam (];fk;) - Coy;.

Rivulet (uptpAnyl;) - rpw;whW.

Rude (&L) - Kul;Lj;jdkhd.

Provoke (GuNthf;) - J}z;L.

Rueful (&Gy;) - Jauk; kpf;f.

Sacred (Nrf;upL) - Gdpjkhd.

Inflation (,d;gpyhrd;) - gztPf;fk;.

Community (fk;kpAdpl;b) - rKjhak;.

Sharp (rhu;g;) - $u;ikahd.

Suitable (R+l;lGy;) - nghUj;jkhd.

Ardent (Mu;ld;l;) - jPtpukhd.

Accept (mf;rg;l;) - xg;Gf; nfhs;.

Defy (nlgp) - vjpu;j;J epy;.

Dune (LA+d;) - kzy;NkL.

Unavoidable (md;tha;lgpy;) - jtpu;f;f Kbahj.

Forum (ghu;k;) - nghJ kd;wk;.

Miner (ikdu;) - Ruq;fj; njhopyhsu;fs;.

Invent (,d;ntd;l;) - Gjpjhff; fz;Lgpb.

Crowd (fpuTL) - $l;lk;.

Share (N\u;) - gfpu;.

Saint (nra;d;l;) - Jwtp.

Pardon (nglu;d;) - kd;dpg;G.

Invade (,d;ntL) - gilnaLg;G.

Hoard (`hu;L) - Nrfupg;G.

Few (g;gpA+) - rpy.

Active (Mf;bt;) - RWRWg;ghd.

Affair (mg;igau;) - tptfhuk; .

Rare (Nuu;) - mupa.

Ago (mNfh) - Kd;.

Award (mthu;L) - tpUJ.

Detest (bnl];l;) - kpfTk; ntW.

Tragic (bnu[pf;) - Jauk; epiwe;j.

Yore (Nahu;) - goq;fhyk;.

Hale (N`y;) - tYf;fl;lhakhf ,O.

Accelerometer (Mf;ryNuhkPl;lu;) - KLf;fkhdp.

Amplifier (Mk;g;ypigau;) - ngUf;fp.

Battery (Ngl;lup) - kpd;fyk;.