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Nikesh Bajaj
nikesh.14730@lpu.co.in
Digital Signal Processing Sir Isaac Pierre-Simon Jean Baptiste Joseph
Newton (4 January Laplace (1749- Fourier (21 March 1768
School of Electronics and Communication 16 May 1830)
1643 31 March 1827)
Lovely Professional University 2 1727 By: Nikesh Bajaj
Question???
What do you mean by Transform?
Fourier What is Fourier Series/Transform?
Analysis and Synthesis Tool Different between Fourier Series and
Fourier Transform
Different between Fourier Transform and
Laplace Transform
History Fourier
In 1748 Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier
L. Euler: Vibrating String -21 March 1768 16 May 1830, Auxerre, France,
Mathematician, Egyptologist,
Vertical deflation at any time is the linear
Revolutionary Discovery (1822). Scientific Advisor
combination of normal modes, he showed it
He claimed that any periodic signal can be represented by
In 1753
a series of harmonically related sinusoidal.
D. Bernouli argued same on physical ground (No math)
but was not accepted. FOURIER SERIES
Eular discarded Trigonometric series He also obtained a representation of Aperiodic signal, not
as weighted sum of harmonically related sinusoidal, but
In 1759
as weighted Integral of sinusoidal that are not at all
J. L. Langrange strongly criticized Trig. Series. harmonically related.
5 By: Nikesh Bajaj 6 -FOURIER INTEGRAL or TRANSFORM By: Nikesh Bajaj
9
discontinuities in any finite period By: Nikesh Bajaj 10 Line spectra, discrete
By:lines
Nikesh Bajaj
Fourier Series to
Fourier Transform Fourier Transform
If T0 ??? For Aperiodic signal x(t), FT
1
x(t )e
jt
will become Aperiodic X ( j ) dt
-To/2 -T1 T1 To/2
Inverse Fourier Transform
2T1
1
X ( j )e
jt
x(t ) d
will become Continuese 2
x(t )e
jt
1. Absolutely Integrable X ( j ) dt
x(t ) dt <
T
Inverse Fourier Transform
There should be finite number of Maxima and 1
X ( j )e
jt
d
2.
x(t )
Minima in any finite interval. 2
3. There should be finite number of finite
discontinuities in any finite period.
15 By: Nikesh Bajaj 16 By: Nikesh Bajaj
2. There should be finite number of Maxima and Continuous Fourier Continuous, Continuous,
transform Aperiodic Aperiodic
Minima in any finite interval.
Discrete-time Fourier Discrete, Continuous,
3. There should be finite number of finite transform Aperiodic Periodic
discontinuities in any finite period.
17 By: Nikesh Bajaj 18 By: Nikesh Bajaj
FT Pairs Fourier
Impulse Response (t)
(t) F{(t)}
0 t 0 f
Fourier Fourier
Gate Function Ga(t), rect(t/a) Sine signal
Sin(2fct)
rect(t/a) 2a
. . . . . . . .
0 t -fc 0 fc f
-a/2 0 a/2 t
/a
ak
1
x(t )e
jk s t
dt X ( ) x ( n )e
n
jn
Ts Ts
Conclusion:
For avoiding any conditions to compute Fourier Transform or
series of continues and discrete signal, transforms extended to
Laplace Transform -for continues
Z-Transform
x(t )e
st
X ( s) dt ROC on S-plane
Z-Transform
X ( z) x ( n) Z
n
n
ROC on Z-Plane
Problems
Inverse Z-Transform