Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

1 +, 1 + 01 ' 5
Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru
The Right to Information, The Right to Live Step Out From the Old to the New

IS 10623 (1983): Drop Weight Tear Test on Ferritic Steels

and Line Pipe [MTD 3: Mechanical Testing of Metals]

! $ ' +-
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
Invent a New India Using Knowledge

! > 0 B


BharthariNtiatakam
Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen
( Reaffirmed 2006 )
 IS : 10623- 1983

Indian Standard
DROP WEIGHT TEAR TEST ON
FERRITIC STEELS AND LINE PIPE

Methods of Physical Tests Sectional Committee, SMDC 3

Chairman Representing
SHRI P. K. CHAKRAVARTY The Tata Iron & Steel Co Ltd,Jamshedpur

Members
SBRI R. K. ABKOL Bharat Steel Tubes Ltd, Ganaur
SHRI KANWALJIT SINUH ARORA ( Alternate )
SHRI SUJIT KUMAR BASU M. N. Dastur & Co (P) Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI S. SW GUPTA ( Alternate )
DR A. CHAKRABORTY Usha Martin Black (Wire Ropes ) Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI H. MAHESWARY ( Alternate )
SHRI K. K. CRERIAN Indian Aluminium Co Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI PANEAJ DE ( Alternate )
SHRI 0. P. CH~~H Associated Instrument Manufacturers ( India )
Private Ltd, New Delhi
SERI V. N. NANDA ( Alternate )
Da R. P. DAMBAL Indian Telephone Industries Ltd, Bangalore
SRRI N. NA~ARAJ ( Alternate )
SHRI M. K. DAS GUPTA National Physical Laboratory ( CSIR ), New Delhi
DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( MET-~ ), Ministry of Railways
RDSO, LOCKNOW
ASSISTANT RES. OFFICER
( MET-P ), RDSO, LUCKNOW ( Alternate )
&RI D. DUTTA The Indian Tube Co Ltd, Jamshedpur
SHRI C. B. LUNAWAT ( Alternate )
SHRI J. C. ERRY Steel Authority of India Ltd ( Bokaro Steel Plant )
SHRI K. G. GARG Directorate General of Technical Development
and Production ( Air ), New Delhi
SERI P. RAGHOTHA~A RAO ( A&ernare)
SHRI A. GHOSH National Test House, Calcutta
SERI D. S. MAJUMDAR ( Alternate)
SHRI S. A. HAQUE Tata Iron and Steel Co Ltd, Jamshedpur
SHRI A. S. Wa~ra ( Alternate )
SHRI S. B. IDNANI Blue Star Limited, Bombay
&RI G. S. SOBTI ( Alternate )
SHRI S. V. KULKARNI Fuel Instruments & Engineers Pvt Ltd, Ichalkaranji
SHRI J. V. KULKARNI ( Alternate )

( Continued on page 2 )

@ CopVright 1983
INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION
This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permissioa of th6
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
IS:10623- 1983
( Continuedfrom puge1 )

Members Representing
SERI S. KUbrAR Mining & Allied Machinery Corporation Ltd,
Durgapur
SHRI K. S. LAKSHMINARAYAN Avery India Ltd, Calcutta
SERI R. D. SEARI~A ( Alternate)
SHRI S. R. M~ZUXD~R Ministry of Defence ( DGI )
SHRI A. K. CRAKROBORTY ( Alternate )
SERI R. A. PADMANABRAN Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute
( CSIR ), Durgapur
SHRI M. PRASAD Steel Authority of India Ltd, Ranchi
SHRI N. GOPALAKRISRNA ( Alternate )
SIie,I S. RADHAKRISHNAN National Aeronautical Laboratory ( CSIR ),
Bangalore
DR V. SRINIVAS~N ( Alternate )
SERI R. N. SAHA Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals,
New Delhi
SHRI S. K. PANDEY ( Alternate )
SHRI D. N. SARKAR Ministry of Defence ( DGOF )
SHRI A. R. BASU ( Alternate ) .
SRRI F. C. SHARMA Directorate General of Civil Aviation, New Delhi
SERI K. SWAMIAPPAN Ministry of Defence ( R & D )
SHRI H. K. TANEJA Indian Register of Shipping, Bombay
SHRI V. N. PANDEY ( Alternate )
DR V. RAO National Metallurgical Laboratory ( CSIR ),
Jamshedpur
DR D. J. CEAKRAVARTI ( Alternate )
SHRI K. RAOHAVENDRAN, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-oc_oBicio
Member )
Director ( Strut & Met )

Secretary
SHRI S. K. GUPTA
Deputy Director ( Metals ), IS1

2
 IS:10623-1983

Indian Standard
DROP WEIGHT TEAR TEST ON
FERRITIC STEELS AND LINE PIPE

0. FOREWORD

0.1This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards

Institution on 27 July 1983, after the draft finalized by the Methods of
Physical Tests Sectional Committee had been approved by the Structural
and Metals Division Council.

0.2 This standard provides a method of test which may be used when-
ever the enquiry, contract, order, or specification states that the steels are
subject to fracture toughness requirements as determined by drop weight
tear test. This test may also be used for the following purposes.

0.2.1 In research and development work, to study the role of metal-

lurgical variables such as composition or heat treatment, or of fabrrcat-
ing operations such as welding or forming on the mode of fracture
propagation.

0.2.2 In evaluation of materials for service, to indicate the suitability

of a material for a specific application by indicating fracture propagation
behaviours at the service temperature.

0.2.3 For information or specification purposes, to provide a quality

control criteria, when suitable correlations have been established with
service behaviour.

0.3 In the preparation of this standard, assistance has been derived from
the following:
ANSI/ASTM E 436-74 Standard method for drop-weight tear tests
of ferritic steels. American Society for Testing and Materials.

ANSI/ASTM E 208-69 Standard method for conducting drop-

weight test to determine nil-ductility transition temperature of
ferritic steels. American Society for Testing and Materials.

API-RP 5L3 Recommended practice for conducing drop-weight tear

tests on line pipe. American Petroleum Institute.

3
IS : 10623 - 1983

1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard prescribes a method for drop-weight tear test ( DWTT )
on ferritic steels and line pipe 500 mm OD and larger, with thickness
between 3.2 mm to 40.0 mm in order to evaluate the nil-ductility transi-
tion ( NDT ) temperature.

1.2 This test method is also suitable to determine the appearance of

propagating fractures in plain carbon or low alloy steels pipes ( yield
strength up to 825 N/mm2 ) over the temperature range, where the
fracture mode changes from brittle to ductile.

1.3 This test method is related to establishing NDT temperature; at

which the small flaw initiation curve, Fig. 1, falls to nominal yield
strength stress levels with decreasing temperature, that is, the point
marked NDT in Fig. 1.

1.3.1 Interpretation to other conditions required for fracture, initiation

may be made by the use of the generalised flaw size, stress temperature
diagram as shown in Fig. 1.

TENSILE
STRENGTH INITIATION
CURVES

FLAW SIZES 1

YIELD
POINT

tvs

*YS

iYS

FIG. .l GENERALIZED FRACTURE ANALYSIS DIAGRAM INDICATING

THE APPROXIMATE RANGE OF FLAW SIZES REQUIRED FOR FRACTURE
INITCATIONAT VARIOUS LEVELS OF NOM:NAL STRESSAS REFERRED
BY THE NDT TEMPERATURE

2. TESTING EQUIPMENT
2.1 Testing machine may be either a pendulum type or falling weight
type, capable of giving sufficient energy to completely fracture a specimen
in one impact.

4
 IS:10623 -1983

2.2 The specimen shall be supported in a suitable manner to prevent

sidewise rotation of the specimen during impact when tested with a
falling weight.

2.3 The velocity of the hammer should not be less than 4.88 m/s.

2.4 As a guide in the design of the equipment, up to 2 712 Joules of

energy may be required to fracture completely, specimens of steel, up to
12.7 mm in thickness with a tensile strength 690 N/mm2.

3. TEST SPECIMEN

3.1 The test specimen shall be 76.0 mm x 300 mm by full thickness edge
notch. Figure 2 presents the dimensions and tolerances of the specimen.
The specimen shall be removed from the material under test by sawing,
shearing or flame cutting, with or without machining.

3.1.1 If the specimen is flame-cut it is usually difficult to press in the

notch unless the heat affected zone is removed by machining.

3.1.2 The specimen shall be removed from the pipe in such a way
that the length of the specimen is in the circumferential direction of the
pipe.

3.1.2.1 The specimen may either be flattened completely for testing

purposes or the centre 25 to 50 mm may be left with the original pipe
curvature ( non-flattened specimens ). For expanded pipe with D/t range
less than 40, flattening has been observed to decrease the percent shear
of the fracture. Also, in non-expanded pipe the flattening has been
observed to decrease the percent shear of the fracture. In case of a
difference between the results of flattened and non-flattened specimens,
the result from non-flattened specimen shall govern.

3.2 The notch shall be pressed to thedepth shown in Fig. 2 with a sharp
( no radius ) tool steel chisel with an included angle of 45 f 2.
Machined notches are prohibited. When many specimens are to be tested,
it is helpful to use a jig which will guide the chisel and stop it at the
proper depth.

3.3 The specimen shall be of full thickness - up to 19.0 mm plate/pipe

Gall thickness. Specimen from plate/pipe thicker than 19.0 mm shall be
either of full wall thickness, or reduced in thickness to 190 mm
( minimum) by machining one or both surfaces. Specimens that are
reduced to a thickness less than the original thickness shall be broken at

5
 G;
..

RADIUS 2Smm $ bmm

\I/
I
LENc3TH 300mm f l9mm
0 m

NOTCH DEPTH
,
I
Smm+(Mmm
1.
_
SECTION-AA.

QAnllJS lQmmt6mm
L SPAN250mm-+l-5mn
4
Fro. 2 DROP WEIGHT TEAR TEST SPECIMEN AND SUPPORT DIMENSION
 IS : 10623 - 1983

a temperature that is reduced from the specified test temperature by the

amount shown below:
@ecijed Pipe Test Temperature
Thickness Reduction

mm C

19-22 6
Above 22-30 1l
Above 30 17

4. PROCEDURE

4.1 In the temperature range, - 73 to lOOC, the procedure described

in 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 shall be employed.

4.1.1 The specimen shall be completely immersed in a bath of a

suitable liquid at a temperature within ZL1C of the prescribed test
temperature for a minimum of 15 minutes prior to testing. The
specimens shall be separated from each other by a distance at least equal
to the thickness of the specimen, and provisions for circulation of the
bath to assure uniform bath temperature, shall be made.

4.1.2 Specimen then may be removed from the bath and broken
within a time period of 10 seconds. If the specimen is held out of the
bath for longer than 10 seconds, it shall be reimmersed in the bath for
a period of minimum of 10 minutes. The spacimen shall not be handled
in the vicinity of the notch by devices, the temperature of which is
appreciably different from the test temperature.

4.2 For temperature outside of the range specified in 4.1, the specimen
temperature at the time of impact, within &lC of the desired test
temperature shall be maintained.

4.3 The specimen may be inserted in the testing machine SO that the
notch in the specimen lines up with the centre line of the tup on the
hammer within 1.60 mm. Also, the notch in the specimen shall be
centred between the supports on the anvil.

4.4 The tests shall be considered invalid if the specimen buckles during
the impact.

5. INTERPRETATION

5.1 Shear fracture surfaces have a dull gray silky appearance and are
commonly inclined at an angle to the specimen surface. Cleavage or
brittle fractures are bright and crystalline in appearance. This cleavage
fracture generally extend from the root of the notch and are surrounded
by a region of shear or shear lips on the specimen surface.
7
IS : 10623- 1983

5.2 Evaluate the specimens by determining the percent shear area of the
fracture surface neglecting the fracture surface for a distance of one
specimen thickness, from the root of the notch and the fracture surface
for a distance of one specimen thickness from the edge struck by the
hammer. Figure 3 illustrates in the hatched area portion of thefr acture
surface to be considered in the evaluation of the percent shear area of the
fracture surface.

t =19mm FOR SPECIMENS WIw

THICKNESS GREATER THAN 19mm

/NOTCH kS AREA TO BE EVALUATED

IN THE DETERMINATION OF THE
PERCENTSHEAR OF THE FRACTURE
SHEAR

FIG. 3 FRACTURE SURFACE INCLUDED INSHEAR AREADETERMINATION

5.3 Occasionally specimens exhibiting the fracture appearance shown in

Fig. 4 may be encountered. On specimen of this type, the fracture
appears to have stopped and started a number of times exhibiting inter-
mittent regions of shear and cleavage in the midthickness portion of the
specimen. The shear area included in the rating of the specimens of this
type shall be as that shown in the hatched area of Fig. 4. The shear
area in the region of intermittent shear and cleavage fracture shall be
neglected in rating the specimen.

IN RATING INCLUDE ONLY

Ii
THE SHEAR ON THE EDGES
OF THE SPECIMEN

C.DENOTES THE CLEAVAGE APPEARING

REGION
t-19mm FOR SPECIMENS WtTli THICKNESS
GREATER THAN 19mm

FIG. 4 ALTERNATE SHEARCLEAVAGE FRACTIJRE APPEARANCE

8
 IS : 10623- 1983

5.4 The percent shear area of the fracture surface may be determined in
the following different ways:

a>Measure the shear area of the fracture surface with a planimeter

on a photograph or optical projection of the fracture surface;
b) Compare the fracture surface with a calibrated set of photographs
of previously fractured specimens or with actual specimens of
calibrated percent areas for a specific thickness;
4 Follow procedure as described in Appendix A; and
4 Use any other procedure which has been demonstrated to
z;$ce results equivalent to those obtained from (a), (b) and (c)
.
6. TEST REPORT

6.1 A report of the test results shall be furnished to the purchaser and
shall include as a minimum the specimen orientation in product ( trans-
verse or longitudinal ), thickness, heat number, material specification,
test temperature and the fracture appearance ( percent shear area ) of
each specimen. If a series of specimens is broken over a range of
temperature, the result shall be plotted as percent shear area versus
temperature.

APPENDIX A
( Clause 5.4 )
MEASUREMENT OF DROP WEIGHT TEAR TEST PERCENT
SHEAR AREA

A-l. PROCEDURE

A-l.1 There are many methods for measuring the percent shear of
DWTT specimens. Some of the methods, such as photographing and
planimetering the fracture are accurate but slow; other methods, such as
measuring the shear at the mid point of the specimen are rapid but not
accurate enough. The procedure outlined here, is a reasonably accurate
and rapid method of measuring the percent shear area.

A-1.2 The procedure to be used depends upon the configuration of the

fracture surface. Figure 5 shows three representative fracture surfaces.
The specimens exhibiting fracture surfaces between Fig. 5 ( Detail A )
and ( Detail B ), the shear area is calculated assuming the cleavage portion
of the fracture is a third degree curve - this approximates the cleavage
fracture surface configuration with reasonable accuracy. This results in
the following equation which is applicable between approximately 100
and 45 percent shear or to the point where the cleavage, fracture extends
9
 IS I 10623- 1983

to the one t line on the back end of the specimen:

Percent shear area = ( 2*8 - 2t t - 34 AB x 100

( 2,8 - 2t) t
where
A = the width of the cleavage fracture at the one t line,
in mm; and
B = the length of the cleavage fracture in between the two t
lines, in mm.

LtA SECTION-AA
DETAIL- A
100 I. SHEAR

SECTION EB
DETAIL-B
APPROX. 151. SHEAR

t
SHEAR LIP
THICKNESS v

I t
I IST

DE TAIL-C
LESS THAN &Se/. SHEAR

FIG. 5 REPRESENTATIVE DWTT FRACTURE SURFACES

A-l.3 Rather than making the calculation for each specimen it is quicker
to compute the data for various thicknesses and plot it. Figures 6 and
7 are example charts for determining percent shear of 7.8 mm and
8.6 mm thick material. With figures such as these it is possible to
determine shear areas of specimens by measuring the A and B dimensions
of the fracture surface shear areas in the range of 45 to 100 percent.
A-1.3.1 In the shear range between 45 to 0 percent, represented by the
fracture surface shown in Fig. 5 ( Detail C ), the percent shear is obtained
by making 3 or 4 measurements of the total shear lip thickness, averaging
them and dividing by specimen thickness. This may also be tabulated.
for easy determination.
10
 8.76

I 740
6.25
5.00

E
S 3.75
t
; 2.50
tt 7*80mm
l-25

?ERCENT SHEAR AREA

FIG. 6 CHART FOR DETERMINING PERCENT SHEAR FOR 7.80 mm MATERIAL

I
8.15

5.00
6 25
7.50

: 3.15
2
l 2.50

t D 6-6 mm
l-25

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
PERCENT SHEAR AREA

FIG. 7 CHART FOR DETERMINING PERCENT SHEAR FOR 8.6 mm MATERIAL