Level 2 4.

LEVEL 2 2 y2 y2
log 2
= 1 =1
3 + 2y 3 + 2y
Hints and Solutios y = 3, as y > 0.

6. Note that x > 0, x 1, 1 2x > 0 0 < x < 1/2.
1. Note that x > 0, x 1. As LHS > 0, (x 1)7 > 0.
The given inequality gives us
Thus, x > 1, and |x 1| = x 1.
15
Taking log of both sides, we get > x -2 [ 0 < x < 1/2]
1 - 2x
(2y 4/y)log(x 1) = 7log(x 1) (1)
where y = log3(x) and therefore 1/y = logx(3). 15x2 + 2x 1 > 0

Now (1) gives log(x 1) = 0 or 2y2 7y 4 = 0 (5x 1)(3x + 1) > 0 x > 1/5.

x = 2 or y = 4 as y > 0. Thus, 1/5 < x < 1/2.
x = 2 or x = 81 7. (3x)log3 = (4y)log4
2. 625 + log5sin(p/5) + log5sin(2p/5) + log5sin(3p/5) (log 3) [log 3 + log x] = (log 4) [log 4 + log y]
+ log5sin(4p/5) (1)
p 2p Also 4logx = 3logy
= log5 4 sin 2 sin 2
5 5 (log x) (log 4) = (log y)(log 3)
(2)
[sin(4p/5) = sin(p/5) and sin(3p/5) = sin(2p/5)] Eliminating log y from (1) and (2), we get
2p 4p
= log5 1 - cos 1 - cos (log 4)2
5 5 (log 3)2 + (log 3)(log x) = (log 4)2 + (log x )
log 3
5 - 1 5 + 1 [(log 4)2 (log 3)2] (log x)
= log5 1 - 1+
4 4 = (log 3)[(log 4)2 (log 3)2]
x = 1/3.
( )
= log5 (5 - 5 ) 5 + 5 / 16 = log5(5/4) 8. Note that x 1 > 0, x + 1 > 0 and 5 x > 0
= 1 2log52 1 < x < 5.
The given inequality can be written as
3. log3(log2 x) + log1/3(log1/2 y) = 1
log3(log2 x) log3(log1/2 y) = 1 ( 5 - x )2

log3 <1
( x - 1) ( x + 1)
log 2 x
log3
=1 x2 10x + 25 < 3(x2 1)

log1/ 2 y
log2x = 3log1/2y = 3log2y 2x2 + 10x 28 > 0

x = 1/y3 4/y2 = 1/y3[ xy2 = 4] x2 + 5x 14 > 0 (x + 7)(x 2) > 0

y = 1/4 x = 43 = 64. x > 2.

4. log2[4(4x + 1)] log2(4x + 1) = log2(23) Thus, 2 < x < 5.
(2 + y)y = 3 where y = log2(4x + 1) 9. We can write the given equation as
y2 + 2y 3 = 0 y = 1, as y > 0. y - 0.5 = y/2 where y = log2 x
4x + 1 = 2 x = 0.
y - 2 y + 1 = 0
y = 1 or x = 2
5. Using log1/2 [log2( 2 2 x )] = log2[log2(23/2x)]
10. log2(1 + x1) + log1/2(1 + x/4) 1
3
= - log 2 + y ,where y = log2 x,
2 1 + x -1
log 2
1
we can write the given equation as 1 + x / 4
3
2log2y log 2 + y = 1

4( x + 1)
2
2 x + 2 - 4 x - x2
0.
2
4 x + x2 x ( x + 4)
4.2 Level 2

x2 + 2 x - 2 15. The given equation implies

0 [ x + 4 > 0]
x 3 (x2 + 1/x2) = 5 + x2 x

(x + 1 + 3)(x + 1 - 3) 0 3 (x2 + 1/x2) = 19/4 + (x 1/2)2

x Now, observe LHS 1 as x2 + 1/x2 2
and RHS 19/4 > 1.
-1 - 3 < x < 0 or x > 3 - 1 .

16. The given equation can be written as
But 1 + 1/x > 0 x > 0 or x < 1
(y 1) (y2 + y + 1) = 7 where y = log5x
Thus, 1 3 < x < 1 or x > 3 1.
y3 = 8 y = 2 as y is real.

11. Write the equation as
\ x = 25

1
log5(x + 20) = = 2 log5 x 17. For x > 0, x2 + x + 1 > 1
log x 5
log1/10 (x2 + x + 1) < 0.

x + 20 = x2 x2 x 20 = 0

Also, x = 0 does not satisfy the given inequality.
(x 5)(x + 4) = 0 x = 5

If x < 0, then log1/10(x2 + x + 1) < 0
[ x > 0, x 1]
x2 + x + 1 > 1 x(x + 1) > 0

12. As 2x x2 < 0 "x > 0,
x < 1. [ x < 0]


log 7 + x (-2 x - x2 ) is not defined for any x > 0. 18. Let y = log4(3x 1). Note that x > 0 and
13. Note that x > 0, x 1; y > 0, y 1.
3x - 1
We can write
log1/ 4 = log1/4(3x 1) log1/4(16)
16
logy x logx y = 8/3 as t 1/t = 8/3
= log4(3x 1) + 2 = 2 y.
where t = logy x.
The given inequality can now be written as
t = 3, 1/3 x = y3, y1/3.

y(2 y) 3/4 4y2 8y + 3 0

Substituting x = y3 in xy = 16, we get y = 2, x = 8.
(2y 1) (2y 3) 0

Substituting x = y1/3 in xy = 16,
y 1/2 or y 3/2 0 < x 1 or x 8.

we get x = 1/4, y = 64.
19. Note that x > 4.
14. Note that x + y > 0, x y > 0 x > 0. Also y > 0.
Write the given inequality
As x > y, answers (b) and (d) are not possible.
Case 1:log2(x + y) > 0, log2(x y) > 0.
x 2 - 6 x + 18

log1/ 3 <0
In this case we get ( x - 4 )2
log2(x2 y2) = 3 x2 y2 = 8 x 2 - 6 x + 18

> 1 x > 1.
As xy = 3, we get x = 3, y = 1 ( x - 4 )2
Case 2:log2(x + y) > 0, log2(x y) < 0.
\x>4

In this case we get 1 log a
20. ax = bc x log a = log(bc) =
x+ y 7 x log(bc)
= 8 y = x
x- y 9 x 1 log(bc)
Now, = =
As xy = 3, we get 1+ x 1 / x + 1 log a + log(bc)

3 7 log(bc)
x= 3
,y= =
7 3 log(abc)
x y z
\
+ +
1+ x 1+ y 1+ z
 Level 2 4.3

log(bc) + log(ca ) + log(ab) x2 11 103 1

= (d) x >
log(abc) 2 2 8 8
log(abc) 2 x2 11x 26 > 0
= =2
log(abc) (x 13) (x + 2) > 0
x ( , 2) (13, )
21. (a) 9 x (x -1) - 5 > 3 17/2
23. Statement-2 is true. [see Theory]
3x(x 1) 5 > 3 17/2
We can write the given system of equations
x(x 1) 5 > 17/2
x2yz = 34
2x2 2x + 7 > 0
xy2z = 24
This is true for each x R.
xyz2 = 54
(b) Note that x 1/5.
Multiplying the above equations, we get
We can write the inequality as
2 5x + 1 2+ 5 x + 1
x4 y4 z4 = (3 2 5)4
(2 ) 2 - 2
xyz = 30
2 5 x + 1 4 2 + 5x +1 \ x = 27/10, y = 8/15, z = 125/6

5x + 1 36 x 7 61921
yz + zx + xy =

(c) Write the inequality as 900
2
(10)x 3
> (0.01) (10)2x 2 Thus, statement-1 is false.
x2 2x + 1 2
10 > 10 24. Statement-2 is true. See Theory.
2
x 2x + 3 > 0 Note that cx2 + 4x + c > 0 " x R 42 4c2 < 0,
This is true for each x R. c>0
(d) 27 > (1/3) 6 x 33 > 3x 6 x > 9 We can write the inequality in statement-1 as
22. (a) We can write the given inequality as 5x2 + 5 cx2 + 4x + c " x R

215 315 6 x ( 2
- 12 x + 12
) 1
(5 c)x2 4x + 5 c 0 " x R

5 c > 0 and 42 4(5 c)2 0

2
x 12x + 27 0
c < 5 and 5 c 2

(x 3) (x 9) 0 3 x 9
c 3.

( ) ( )
x 2 -5 x / 7 27
(b) 5 > 5 Thus statement-1 is true and statement-2 is correct
7x 5x 2 > 0 2 reason for it.

(x 1) (7x + 2) > 0 25. Write the given inequality as

x < 2/7 or x > 1

3(49x) + 37(140)x 26(400)x 0
49 x 140 x
(c) Note that x > 0. and 3
+ 37 - 26 0

400 400

x

2 ( x -1 )
Put (7/20)x = t to obtain
x- x x
3t2 + 37t 26 0
x 2( x 1)2
(3t 2)(t + 13) 0

2 x - 1 ( )( x -2 0 ) t 2/3 as t 0.

x 1/2 or x 2 x log(7/20) log(2/3).

0 x 1/4 or x 4. x can be positive or negative.

4.4 Level 2

26. Write the inequality as Similarly

( )
2 x
t + t 2 0 where t = 1
(t + 2)(t 1) 0 t 1 x ( , 0]
27. Write the inequality as
3t + 2/t 5 < 0 where t = (4/9)x
or (t 1)(3t 2) < 0
2/3 < t < 1
2/3 < (2/3)2x < 1 0 < x < 1/2
28. Write the inequality as
2
3t 5t + 2 0 where t = (3/2)
(t 1)(3t 2) 0
2/3 t 1 1 x 0.
29. 2 log5 x logx (0.2)2
x/2
2 =2 and log 2 + 1 = (1 log z) (1 log x) (3)
Multiplying (1), (2) and (3), we get
(1 + log 2)2 = (1 log x)2 (1 log y)2 (1 log z)2
(1 log x) (1 log y) (1 log z) = (1 + log 2)
Suppose
(1 log x) (1 log y) (1 log z)
= (1 + log 2)
Then
x 1 log z = 1 log y = 1 [from (1) and (3)]
y = z and log y = log z = 2
y = z = e2 > 1. A contradiction.
Thus, (1 log x) (1 log y) (1 log z) = 1 + log 2

log x log 5 In this case

= 2 + 4
log 5 log x 1 log z = 1 log y = 1

and value 4 is attained when x = 5. log z = log y = 0 y = z = 1.

30. 5 x > 0 and x 7 > 0 not possible simultaneously. In this case log x = log 2.

31. Suppose x > 0, then x = 1/2.

\ 2x + 3y + 4z = 8.

y = x + log (x +
x2 + 1 ) > x > 0
33. The given equation gives us
2
z = y + log (y +
y +1 ) > y > 0 2x2 3x 4 = x2
x2 3x 4 = 0 (x 4) (x + 1) = 0

x = z + log (z +
z2 + 1 ) > z
x = 4 as x > 0, x 1.

\ y > x > z > y. A contradiction.

34. x2 1 > 0, x2 1 1.
Similarly, x < 0 leads to a contradiction.
Also, x3 + 6 = 4x2 4
Thus x = 0.
x3 4x2 + 10 = 0.

Similarly, y = 0, z = 0.
Sum of the roots = 4.
\ (1 x)2 + (1 y)2 + (1 z)2 = 3

35. log10 (x + 9) (2x 1) = 1
32. The first equation can be written as
(x + 9) (2x 1) = 10

log 2 + log x + log y = (log x) (log y)
2x2 + 17x 19 = 0

log 2 + 1 = (1 log x) (1 log y) (1)

x = 1, 19/2

Similarly
As x > 1/2, x = 1.
1 = (1 log y) (1 log z) (2)