Adamson University

College of Engineering

Chemical Engineering Department

UNIT OPERATIONS 1 LABORATORY

EXPERIMENT 8:

AGITATOR

SUBMITTED BY:

AQUINO, ROY LEMUEL C.

DELA CRUZ, ROBERT C.

LIAO, RONEL U.

ORDONIO, JAYMEE LOU A.

TAYCO, ARA MARI P.

SUBMITTED TO:

ENGR. RUBI RUGI

ABSTRACT:

Three jacketed agitated vessels are used to determine the overall-heat transfer coefficient
of cold water. Rubber-lined agitator is used and the result of with agitation and without agitation
is compared. Factors that is required in computing the overall-heat transfer coefficient such as
pressure, temperature of vapor in tank, volume of the condensate, temperature of the condensate
and temperature of liquid in vessel are taken in different time intervals and analyzed.

INTRODUCTION:
Industrial agitators are machines used in industries that process products in the chemical,
food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The agitation is achieved by movement of the
heterogeneous mass (liquid-solid phase) to the impeller. This is due to mechanical agitators, to
the rotation of an impeller. The bulk can be composed of different substances and the aim of the
operation is to blend it or to improve the efficiency of a reaction by a better contact between
reactive products. Or the bulk is already blended and the aim of agitation is to increase a heat
transfer or to maintain particles in suspension to avoid any deposit. This experiment aims to
determine the effect of agitation on healing and cooling of fluids in a vessel.

OBJECTIVES:
1. To determine the variation of time with the fluid being heated or cooled in a jacketed
agitated vessel under batch operation.
2. To determine the overall heat transfer coefficient of a fluid in a jacketed agitated vessel.
3. To determine which type of jacketed agitated vessels is more effective in heating and
cooling o fluids.
4. To determine the effect of agitation on heating and cooling of fluids in a vessel.

MATERIALS/ EQUIPMENTS NEEDED:

1. Boiling Water for Cooling of Fluids
2. Cold Water for Heating of Fluids
3. Agitators ( Rubber-Lined, Lead-Lined and Galvanized)
4. Thermometer
5. 1000mL Beaker
6. Steam Condensate Collector
EQUIPMENT SET UP

THEORY:

Tube coils afford one of the cheapest means of obtaining heat transfer surface. They are usually
made by rolling lengths of copper, steel or alloy tubing into helixes or double helix coils in
which inlet and outlets are conveniently located side by side. Helical coils of either type are
frequently installed in vertical cylindrical vessels with or without an agitator, although free space
is provided between the coil and the vessel wall for circulation.

When such coils are used with mechanical agitation; the vertical axis of the agitator
usually corresponds to the vertical axis of the cylinder. However very limited data are available
forpredicting heat transfer coefficient from submerged coil to the surrounding fluid in
naturalconvection although the coefficients are undoubtedly lower. A mechanical agitation can
improve the heat transfer coefficient between fluid in the agitated vessel and the coil. Chilton,
Drew and Jebens have published an excellentcorrelation on both jacketed vessels and coils under
batch and steady-state conditions and employing j factor with a Reynolds number modified for
mechanical agitation. Although much of the work was carried out on a vessel 1.0 feet in
diameter, checks were also obtained on vessels five times those of experimental setup.
Correlation for heat transfer tofluids in vessel with mechanical agitation heated or cooled by
submerged coils is as follows:
 It can be noticed from the equation that for the given vessel with the given fluid and coil
the heat transfer coefficient will be proportional to N. As far as the inside coefficient for the coil
is concerned because of the increased turbulence due to circulatory path the heat transfer
coefficient will be greater than those calculated for straight pipes. For ordinary use McAdams
suggests that straight tube equations such as Dittus-Boelter equation or Sider-Tate equation can
be used, when the value of h so obtained is multiplied by 1 + 3.5[D/DC] where D is the inside
diameter of the tube and DC is the diameter of the coil helix.
 The rate of convection heat transfer from the hot fluidto the vessel wall isdefined as equal
to the temperature driving force divided by the resistance toexchange heat. The temperature
driving force is the difference between the hot fluid bulk temperature and the vessel wall
temperature on the hot fluid side. Note that a negative value indicates heat being released.

PROCEDURE:

The agitator vessels were prepared as well water that will be used. Boiling water for steam
consumption and cold water for heating of fluids is prepared first hand. Thermometer to measure
the temperatures of inlet and outlet flow rates and a 1 Liter beaker to measure the volume of the
liquids used. With the use of steam, a condensate collector such as pail is used to prevent spilled
water.

The agitator vessel was filled with 15L of water. Allow sufficient time for the steady state to
beattained. After steady state is attained notedown inlet and outlet temperatures of the cooling
water. Also measure the flow rate of the cooling water.

A jacketed vessel is being fed the condensing steam to heat areacting liquid while it is being
agitated. The endothermic reaction with the liquid batch consumes all of the heat released by the
steam and the temperature of the batch liquid remains constant. The condensing steam can be
assumed to be at its saturation temperature, which for a constant pressure supply, is a constant
temperature. In this example the temperature driving force between both bulk liquids is constant
during the liquid reaction period.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

From the following data for the rubber-lined cooling without agitation, the outlet temperature of
cooling water is decreasing as time increases. The inlet temperatures and flow rates are
maintained constant. The temperature of the liquid in vessel decreases as well while the volume
increases.
 Cooling (time vs T) Cooling (Volume vs T)
90 35
88 30
86 25
Temperatu
84 Volume 20
re
82 (L) 15
80 10
78 5
0 5 10 15 0
75 80 85 90
time
Temperatre (C)

From the data for the rubber-lined heating without agitation, it can be seen that the temperature
of the liquid condensate inside the vessel increases with time. The increase in the first point is
due to the steady state condition before opening the condensate valve. The temperature of the
condensate is varying and its volume is decreasing as the temperature increases.

Heating (time vs T) Heating (T vs Volume)

108
3
107
106 2
Temperatur105
Volume
e
1
104
103 0
102 72 73 74 75 76 77
101 Temperature
0 10 20
Time

CONCLUSION:
Based on the gathered data for cooling of fluid in a rubber-lined agitator, the temperature of the
liquid inside the vessel is inversely proportional with time. Also, the volume of the condensate is
inversely proportional to the temperature.

For the heating of the fluid in a rubber-lined heating agitator, the temperature of the
condensate is varying and does not data show consistency. The volume of the condensate shows
a constant increase as the temperature increases, therefore we can say that the temperature is
directly proportional to the volume.

REFERENCES:

McCabe, Warren and Julian Smith, Peter Harriott, Unit Operations of

Chemical Engineering; McGraw-Hill Inc.; New York, 5th Edition, 1993, pg 1002 - 1023.
http://www.che.iitb.ac.in/courses/uglab/cl333n335/ht305-agit.pdf
http://www.pdhonline.org/courses/k102/k102content.pdf

APPENDIX:

APPENDIX A: EXPERIMENTAL DATA

For cooling of liquid with rubber-lined cooling without agitation, the following data is obtained:
Time Cooling Water Temp Volume
(min) Inlet Outlet Flow of (Liters)
Temp Temp Rate Liquid
(C) (degC) (LPM) in
Vessel
(C)
2 25 27.6 12 89 4.87
4 25 27.2 12 84 16.7
6 25 27.1 12 81 28.8
8 25 27.0 12 80 28.7
10 25 26.9 12 80 21.75
.

For heating of liquid with rubber lined heating without agitation, the following data are
found:

Time Steam Temp of

(Min) Inlet Condensate Liquid in
Pressure Volume Temp (deg Vessel (deg
(psi) (L) C) C)
3 5.5 2.758 76.2 106
6 90 1.1 73.7 102
 9 80 1 74 103
12 90 0.9 74.4 103
15 70 0.7 73.12 107

The results are obtained at an ambient outside temperature and atmospheric outside
pressure.