Pre-AP Chemistry: Semester I Exam Review

Refer back to your Outlines, Pogils, Labs and Class Notes!

General Skills You Should Have Mastered

Converting between metric units
Counting Significant figures and working problems using correct sigfigs.
Memorized all ions and be able to write chemical formulas or names (ionic and molecular)
General lab safety
Sample: How should you add acid to water?
Be able to set up dimensional analysis problems according to units
Sample: 35.5 cm3 = ____________mL3
5.25 g/cm3 = _______________ lbs./ft3

Chapter 1
State the law of conservation of mass.
State the law of conservation of energy.
Define matter.
Know the states of matter
Distinguish between filtration & distillation
Classify/identify a property as physical or chemical
Sample:
Color texture melting point reactivity with air
Shape ductility malleability reactivity with acid
Classify/identify a change as physical or chemical
Sample:
Melting ice iron rusts in air block of wood is cut
Wood is burned ripping paper digestion of food
Classify/identify a property as intensive/extensive
Sample:
Ductility luster size
Color mass reactivity with air
Distinguish between a pure substance, compound, solution, heterogeneous mixture (Refer to Whats the Matter? Lab)
Sample:
Hydrogen water Lead II hydroxide Granite
List the compare and contrast homogeneous/heterogeneous mixture
Define: quantitative and qualitative

Chapter 2
Know the 5 SI units: temperature, amount of substance, mass, volume, and length
Understand Scientific Method and steps involved
Be able to calculate density and any variable in formula and how it is graphed. (Refer to the Density of a Penny Lab)
Sample: Find the density when the mass = 3.04 g and volume of 33.4 mL.
Find the mass when density is 3.25 g/mL and volume is 12.45 mL.
Find volume when density is 1.35 g/mL and mass is 33.63 g.
Define accuracy and precision.
Sample: The actual density of iron is 7.86 g/cm3. Scott ran his experiment three times and calculated the
following densities for iron: 7.88, 7.86, and 7.87 g/ cm3. Are his answers accurate, precise or both? Explain.
Be able to calculate percent error.
Sample: The literature value for the density of iron = 7.86 g/cm3. Sally calculated 8.85 g/cm3 for the density of
iron. What is her percent error?

Chapter 3
Describe Daltons atomic theory.
Describe Thomsons plum pudding model. What did he discover? How does his work relate to Milikan?
What are the three subatomic particles and their charges and relative masses to one another?
Where are the subatomic particles located?
Describe Rutherfords work and discovery.
Describe Bohrs model of the atom. Where are the electrons, neutrons and protons located?
What has to be absorbed when an electron moves from a lower energy level to a higher energy level? What are these
packets of energy called? (Refer to Up in Flames lab)
Define isotope. On which isotope is the atomic mass scale based?
Define mass number and atomic number.
Tell how many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in a neutral isotope.
Sample:
Magnesium-26 uranium-235 cobalt-57 cobalt-59
Locate the atomic mass and atomic number of an element. What do these numbers represent?
Calculate average atomic mass*
Sample:
What is the average atomic mass of hafnium if out of every 100 atoms, 5 have a mass of 176, 19 have a mass of
177, 27 have a mass of 178, 14 have a mass of 179, and 35 have a mass of 180?

Chapter 21
Define radioactivity and know the different types of radioactivity (alpha, beta, gamma, positron, electron capture)
Calculate half-lives (Refer to You Dont Know the Half of It? lab)
Compare and contrast Fusion vs. fission
Know how to write a nuclear reaction
Sample:
235
U _________ + 231
Th +

Chapter 4
Define quantum and determine electron configuration, complete and noble gas, using periodic table.
Define ground and excited state, orbital and valence electron.
Know all parts of a wave and be able to calculate lambda, nu and energy (Refer to Light Pogil)
What does the quantum mechanical model tell us? How does it describe an atom? Be able to read a PES graph?
Understand how the PES relates to electron position. (energy level, sublevel, etc) (Refer to Eject! Eject! Lab)
Know how the Aufbau, Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hunds Rule applies to orbital notation.
List the letters and shapes of 4 orbital types. How many of each orbital type exist on each energy level?
What is the maximum number of electrons per orbital? Maximum e- per energy level?
Be able to write electron configurations for neutral atoms and ionized atom
Sample:
What is the electron configuration for potassium?
What is the electron configuration for ionized potassium?
Understand the differences in electrostatic potential energy and force of attraction (Coulombic attraction) (Refer to Laws
of Attraction)

Chapter 5
How is the modern periodic arranged?
What do the groups have in common? Which group is the most reactive?
What do we call columns on the periodic table? Rows? Families?
Be able to explain multiple oxidation states for ions based on their electron configurations
Sample:
How does lead form a +2 or a +4 ion?
Trends for: atomic radius, ionization energy, ionic radius, and electronegativity (Refer to Why Do They Call it a Periodic
Table Lab)
Know the various exceptions to ionization energy: Group 13 and 16
Describe basic characteristics of and locate examples of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids and alkali metals, alkaline earth
metals, transitional metals, and noble gases

Chapter 6
Be able to write or read Lewis structures using step-by-step technique
Sample:
Draw a Lewis structure for sulfate ion, phosphorous pentachloride, nitrate ion, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen
trifluoride
Be able to write and identify correct orbital notations for an elements and ions
Sample:
Write the orbital notation for a neutral atom of magnesium.
Write the orbital notation for a magnesium ion.
Know common characteristics of covalent bonds based on electronegativity (pure and polar bonds)
Be able to explain VSEPR model and how it applies to molecular shape
Be able to draw lewis structures, identify the electron geometry, molecular geometry, hybridization, and polarity of the 7
basic molecules: linear, trigonal planar, trigonal pyramidal, bent, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal (axial man), octahedral
(Refer to Molecular Geometry lab)
Know the difference between sigma and pi bonds.
Know common characteristics of ionic and metallic bonding.

Chapter 7
Compare and contrast ionic and molecular compounds. Be able to write formulas for both.
Which elements require a roman numeral when writing the name of a compound?
How do you write ionic compounds?
Sample:
What is the charge on magnesium when it forms an ion? What type of ion does it form, cation or anion?
What about oxygen, Lead II, Copper I and sulfate?
Write the chemical formula for: Lead II oxide, sulfuric acid and sulfur tetrafluoride
Write the name for the following formulas: H3PO4, CoS, C2O4
Calculate the percent composition of a compound
Sample:
Calculate the percent composition of CaO.
Be able to calculate both empirical and molecular formulas.

Chapter 8
Be able to Identify: element symbols, chemical formula, reactants, products, phases (solid, liquid, gas, aqueous),
coefficients, subscripts.