Building Services Report

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN
BUILDING SERVICES (BLD 60903 / ARC 2423)
PROJECT 1: CASE STUDY OF BUILDING SERVICES IN

PUBLIC BUILDINGS
BUILDING SERVICES SYSTEMS FOR

KUALA LUMPUR PERFORMING ARTS CENTER
Prepared by:
Muhammad Faidh Bin Mohamad Nawawi 0323712

Dayang Nadrah Aidha Binti Awg Idrus 0323741
Raveender Singh A/L Santokh Singh 0322490
Adam Muhammed Pandor 0322743
Sara Wee Qing Teng 0322469
Clare Tsisika Ayisi 0325787
TUTOR: MR. AZIM SULAIMAN
PROJECT 1: CASE STUDY OF BUILDING SERVICES IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
1. INTRODUCTION OF KUALA LUMPUR PERFORMING ARTS CENTRE
2. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM (ACTIVE & PASSIVE)
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Literature Review
2.3 Case Study
2.4 Active Fire Protection
2.4.1 Heat Detector
2.4.2 Call Point
2.4.3 Fire Alarm Bell
2.4.4 Central Command Center
2.4.5 Fire Hydrant
2.4.6 Wet Riser and Hose Reel System
2.4.7 Sprinkler System
2.4.8 Carbon Dioxides (CO2) Suppression System
2.4.9 Fire Extinguisher
PROJECT 1: CASE STUDY OF BUILDING SERVICES IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS 2

2.5 Passive Fire Protection System
2.5.1 Fire Rated Door
2.5.2 Emergency Exit Signage
2.5.3 Fire Emergency staircase
2.5.4 Separation of Fire Risk Area
2.5.5 Smoke Curtain
2.5.6 Fire Wall
2.6 Conclusion
3. AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
3.1 Introduction
3.3 Case Study
3.4 Centralized Air Conditioning System
3.5 Components of System
3.5.1 Air Handling Unit
3.5.1.1 Air Filter in AHU
3.5.1.2 Blow/ Centrifugal Fan in AHU
3.5.1.3 Heating and Cooling coils in AHU
3.5.1.4 Vibrator Insulators in AHU
3.5.1.5 Dampers in AHU

3.5.2 Fan Coil Unit
3.5.3 Ductwork
3.6 Air-cooled Chilled Water System
3.6.1 Air-cooled chiller
3.6.2 Components of Air-chilled cooler system
3.6.2.1 Evaporator
3.6.2.2 Compressor
3.6.2.3 Condenser
3.6.2.4 Expansion Valve
3.6.2.5 Chilled Water Pipe
3.6.2.6 Piping System
3.7 Conclusion
4. MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM
4.1 Introduction
4.3 Case Study
4.4 Components of Mechanical Ventilation System
4.4.1 Supply Air Diffusers/Grille
4.4.2 Return/Exhaust Air Grille
4.4.3 Fire Exhaust Fan
4.5 Conclusion

5. MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Literature review
5.3 Types of elevators
5.4 Case Study
5.4.1 Drawings
5.4.2 Elevator Components
5.4.3 Geared Machine
5.4.4 Control System
5.4.5 Over Load and Fire Service Indicator
5.5 Analysis
5.6 Conclusion
6. REFERENCES

ABSTRACT
This report contains an in-depth analysis of the building services systems in the Kuala
Lumpur Performing Arts Center. The systems included in the research are the fire
protection system, the air conditioning system, mechanical ventilation system and
mechanical transportation system. The analysis and information obtained will be
essential in the understanding of the importance of the systems towards the functioning
of the building. A summary/ conclusion of our findings will be generated based on the
Uniform Building By-law (UBBL), the Malaysian Standard Requirements (MS15) and
other relevant rules and regulations.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to stretch out our most profound appreciation to every person that has
helped us in finishing this exploration report. A special thanks to the individual
responsible for building administration's office, Ms.Melissa who gave great
accommodation amid our visit and given us her valuable time. Furthermore, she has
been extremely kind in giving us as much data as she can, bringing us around the
building and giving clarifications and answers to our inquiries and interest.
We would also want to say thanks to Mr. Azim, who had been sufficiently thoughtful to
give us consent to do a top to bottom investigation on the frameworks that keeps
running in KLPac. Furthermore, we want to express our most profound gratefulness for
giving us direction to finish this report and giving us much proposals amid our tutorial
sessions. Nevertheless, we want to thank every person that has taken part in
collaborating with each other, particularly the individuals who has given transportation
to our site. Lastly, special thanks to everybody who had helped in making this project a
success.

1.
INTRODUCTION OF KUALA
LUMPUR PERFORMING
ARTS CENTRE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Location: Sentul West
Founders:
- Faridah Merican
- Joe Hasham
Initiation: 2005
Functions:
Drama, Dance, Music,
Theatre
Figure 1.1 Photo showing the Kuala Lumpur Performing Arts Center (KLPAC)
(Image Source: Time out Kuala Lumpur. Retrieved October 10, 2017 from
https://www.timeout.com/kuala-lumpur/theatre/kuala-lumpur-performing-arts-centre-klpa
c)
Kuala Lumpur Performing Arts Center (KLPAC), located in Sentul West, is one of the
most renowned center for performing arts in Malaysia. It is a non-profit company that
aims to cultivate and nourish various arts, so as to enrich the culture and communities
within the Klang Valley, and the nation at large. Annually, KLPAC, in conjunction with
the Actors studio, host up to more than 100 major events. Aside, they also hold
workshops, film screening and art classes.
KLPAC was initially founded in 1995, as a theatre that was privately owned and
operated by Faridah Merican and Joe Hasham. It was known as the Actors Studio at
Plaza Putra. However in 2003, flash floods devastated the complex, leading them
searching for a new space and ultimately the rebirth of KLPAC. A partnership of the
Actors Studio, YTL Corporation Berhad and Yayasan Budi Penyayang Malaysia
emerged in May 2004, to create a new platform which later became the Kuala Lumpur
Performing Arts Center in May 2005.

SITE PLAN
GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN

2.
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
2.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
2.1 INTRODUCTION
The main analysis of this chapter is addressing the active fire protection systems and
passive fire protection systems in Kuala Lumpur Performing Arts Centre (KLPAC). The
purpose of a good fire protection system is to increase the safety of emergency
responders and building occupants by providing some useful and important information
about the firefighters normally interact with the building features and fire protection
systems during fire disaster and similar emergencies.
By understanding the needs of the fire services, designers and code officials can work
together to streamline fire service emergency operations within the built environment.
Designers in this manual can include architects, engineers, planners, and design
technicians. Code officials can include fire marshals, fire inspectors, fire prevention
officers, building inspectors, and plan reviewers. Other stakeholders include building
owners and developers, security professionals, and construction professionals.
The faster the fire service can respond, enter, locate the emergency incident, and
safely operate in or near a building, the sooner they can usually resolve the incident in
a safe manner.
This will increase the safety of building occupants, reduce property damage, and limit
related indirect losses. Both building occupants and fire service employees will realize
the benefits of the fire protection system.

2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.2.1 Fire safety
Fire, is a source that plays an important role in our daily life since the discovery of this
resource. In a building there are two types of fire protection system. One will be active
fire protection system, and the other one will be passive fire protection system.
Active fire protection system is an approach or a process of protecting a building or

structure from fire by using the methods of applying automatic or manually operated fire
mechanical system in a building to provide safety to the users in a building. Examples
of active fire protection system mechanism include fire alarm system, fire pump,
sprinkler, carbon dioxide fire suppression system and etc.
One common function that all the system shared in active fire protection system are to
slow down the process of burning in a building, putting out the fire and to notify the fire
and smoke condition.
Active fire protection systems usually require somewhat of a certain amount of motion
and response in order for it to function. On the other hand, passive fire protection
system is a system that retards the speed of fire and smoke spreading as protection of
escape routes in order to prolong the escape time by designing and modifying
architectural elements with fire resistance characteristics.

2.3 CASE STUDY
As a smaller building compare to other public buildings, KLPAC has only 3 fire hydrants
located on the outside of the building. The distance among two hydrants are long
enough to ensure that the building is securely sufficient of water supply.
Upon entering the building, there are heat and smoke detectors installed around the
building as to prevent the fire to be noticed and alerted by the occupants in KLPAC.
All the systems are placed all around the building according to UBBL. The fire alarm
will notify the occupant inside the building that the fire has take place and the automatic
wet- sprinkler will also take action extinguish the fire faster. In case the fire alarm is not
activated, there is placement of manual call point for the people to break the glass and
activate the fire alarm and notify everyone within the building. The fire control panel is
in charge of taking immediate action of extinguishing the fire by ringing the alarm and
activating the sprinkler or contacting the ambulance in the security room.
The fire extinguishers used in the building are dry powdered type and are placed at
important areas or points of the building so that it can be used easily and is light
enough to carry.

Figure 2.1 Illustration of Active Fire Protection System

2.4 Active Fire Protection
2.4.1 Heat Detector -located on Ground Floor
UBBL -SECTION 225 Every building shall be provided with means of detecting and
extinguisher fire and alarms together with illuminated exit signs in accordance with the
requirements as specified in Tenth Schedule to these by-Laws.
Fire detectors are recognized as the most common method of fire protection for safety.
These fire detectors are located on the ceiling of every floor. The purpose is to detect
and respond quickly to fire.
Figure 2.2 Image of a smoke detector
Figure 2.3 Location of Smoke detector on ground

floor KLPAC

2.4.2 Call point - found below a fire alarm
Figure 2.4 Image of a Call point
The manual alarm call points also named as manual fire alarm activation are designed
for the purpose of raising an alarm manually once verification of a fire or emergency
condition exists, by operating the push button or break glass the alarm signal can be
raised.
2.4.3 Alarm Bell - located on Ground Floor
Figure 2.5 Photo showing an Alarm

Figure 2.6 Location of Alarm Bells at ground Floor
Bell
KLPAC
UBBL - SECTION 237 Alarm bell must provide a minimum sound level of 65db (A) or
+5db (A) above any background noises, which is likely to persist for more than 30
seconds.
The fire alarm bell remains the most commonly used alarm for fire evacuation systems.
System sensor alarm bells deliver high sound pressure output for fire signaling needs
while matched with extremely low power consumption.

2.4.4 Central Command Centre
Figure 2.8 Components of the Central Command Centre
UBBL - SECTION 238
Every large premises or building exceeding 30.5 meters in height shall be provided
with a command and control center located on the designated floor and shall contain a
panel to monitor the public address, fire brigade communication, sprinkler, water flow
detectors fire detection and alarm systems and a direct telephone connection to the
appropriate fire-station by-passing the switch board.

2.4.5 Fire Hydrant Figure
Figure 2.9 Image of Fire Hydrant at the KLPAC
UBBL - SECTION 225 (2) Every building shall be served by at least one fire hydrant
located not more than 91.5 meters from the nearest point of fire brigade access.
UBBL - SECTION 225 (3) Depending on the site and location of the building and the
provision of access for fire appliances, additional fire hydrant shall be provided as may
be required by the Fire Authority. Fire hydrant system is a safety measure of
emergency equipment required in some buildings that comprises a series of
components that when assembled together provide a source of water to assist fire
authorities in a fire.

2.4.6 Wet Riser & Hose Reel System
Figure 2.10 Components of a Wet Riser and hose Reel System

Diagrams shown (top) electrical single line for hose reel pump; (bottom) schematic
diagram of hose reel system of KLPAC
Hose Reel at Ground Floor
UBBL SECTION 231
Wet rising system shall be provided in every building in which the top most floor is
more than 30.5 meters above the fire appliance access level.
A hose connection shall be provided in each firefighting access lobby. Hose reel
system is the active fire protection devices used to extinguish and control fire while in
emergency situations. When the hose reel is brought into use the pressure in the pipe
immediately downstream of the pump check valves will drop below the field adjusted
pressure setting of the pressure switch thereby triggering the pump to operate
automatically to feed a steady supply of water to discharge through the hose.
2.4.7 Sprinklers
Figure 2.11 Image of a sprinkler
UBBL SECTION 228

Sprinkler valves shall be located in a safe and enclosed position on the exterior wall
and shall be readily accessible to the Fire Authority.
All sprinkler systems shall be electricity connected to the nearest fire station to
provide immediate and automatic relay of the alarm when activated Fire sprinkler
systems provide early fire control or extinguishment. If properly designed, approved,
installed, and maintained, sprinkler systems help to mitigate the fire hazard to both
occupants and firefighters. The importance and effectiveness of sprinkler systems has
been demonstrated for many years. The sprinkler piping arrangement will determine
how specific a fire alarm annunciator is able to indicate water flow signals.

Figure 2.12 Location of Sprinklers at KLPAC

Figure 2.13 Plan view of the Pump Room
Figure 2.14 Section view of the Pump Room

In KL PAC the main sprinkler tank supplies water supply for the sprinkler system
located in the basement. In passive firefighting system, Main Fire Pump room plays an
essential part. This is because it is where the duty sprinkler pump, standby pump and
jockey pump are located. Sprinkler system will only function with the existence of the
respective pumps. The room also holds the wet risers for hose reel located on every
floor.
Figure 2.15 Typical Detail of F.I

Pipe Through Tank Floor Slab &
R.C. wall (By Builder)
Figure 2.16 Detail of Overflow &

Scour Pipe for RC Fire Tank

2.4.8 Carbon Dioxide
Figure 2.17 Image of the CO2 Suppression system

in KLPAC
Figure 2.18 Location of the CO2 Suppression

system in KLPAC
(CO2) Suppression System

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Suppression System Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless,
odorless, and chemically inert gas that is readily available and electrically
non-conductive. It extinguishes fire by lowering the level of oxygen that supports
combustion in a protected area.
This mechanism of fire suppression makes CO2 suppression systems highly effective,
requiring minimal clean- up, but should be used in normally unoccupied hazard
locations or otherwise avoided by personnel when discharged. CO2 suppression
systems may utilize the gas through a total flooding approach but carbon dioxide is
also the only gaseous agent that may be utilized through local application. Carbon
dioxide may be stored in either high pressure spun steel cylinders (HPCO2
suppression systems) or low pressure light wall refrigerated tanks (LPCO2 suppression
systems).

Figure 2.19 Diagram Showing high Figure 2.20 CO2 Panel Detail
Pressure CO2 System Detail

2.4.9 Fire Extinguisher
Dry Powder Fire Extinguisher
Figure 2.21 Image of a dry powder Fire Extinguisher
UBBL SECTION 227 : Portable extinguisher shall be provided in accordance

with the relevant codes of practice and shall be sired in prominent positions on
exits routes to be visible from all directions and similar extinguisher in a
building shall be of the same method of operation.
Fire extinguisher, or extinguisher, is an active fire protection device used to
extinguish or control small fires, often in emergency situations. It is not
intended for use on an out-of- control fire, such as one which has reached the
ceiling and endangers the user.
Diagram of various classes of fire extinguishers
Figure 2.22 Illustration of the different classes of fire extinguishers

2.5 Passive Fire Protection System
Passive Fire Protection (PFP) is an integral component of the three components of

structural fire protection and fire safety in a building. PFP attempts to contain fires or
slow the spread, through use of fire-resistant walls, floors, and doors (amongst other
examples). PFP systems must comply with the associated Listing and approval use
and compliance in order to provide the effectiveness expected by building codes.
Figure 2.23 Illustration of the Passive Fire Protection System at KLPAC
The schematic drawing above shows a diagrammatic flow chart of KLPACs passive
fire protection.

2.5.1 Fire Rated Door
Figure 2.24 Image of a Fire Rated Door
Fire rated door is an essential important fireproofing component that need to be

concerns about when designing a building as this was a pathway to ensure the user's
safety. By having the same usage as the fire wall does, fire door serves as critical
compartmentalization of building entrances or exits in order to prevent fire and smoke
spreading. There are many kinds of fire rated door staircase design and KLPAC
building has applied the 1.5-hours fire rated door were installed at the egress of fire
staircase each floor as well as office entrances.
UBBL SECTION 162 (1)
Fire doors of the appropriate FRP shall be provided.
Openings in compartment walls and separating walls shall be protected by a fire door
having FRP in accordance with the requirements for that wall specified in the Ninth
Schedule to these By-Laws.

UBBL SECTION 164 (1)
All fire doors shall be fitted with automatic door closed of the hydraulically spring
operated type in the case of swing doors and of wire rope and weight type in the case
of sliding door. The fire door located at the side of the building, it was located there as it
has been considerate in terms of circulations that allow users of building to walk easier
however the escape routes will be protected by the fire rated door during fire event
occurred in the building.
2.5.2 Emergency Exit Signage
Figure 2.25 Image showing an

Emergency Exit Signage
Emergency Signage Exit signs that are above the fire rated door are installed with neon
green words to indicate the escape route when fire events occur. The emergency light
lights up when the main electricity supply has been cut off. Exit signage plays an
important role in terms of fire escape routes, as the building will hazey with dense
smoke, making it hard for it to be visible in the surroundings. Blackouts tend to occur
but with the design of font and mechanism applied into the signage catches the main
attention of the user of the building. The letters and colors used for the signage can
effectively attract the attention of the user. The exit sign was located above the fire
doors, which it was mainly to direct the users and occupant of the building towards the
fire escape staircases.

According to UBBL, the exit signs are not able to be block by other stuff or decorations,
it should be located in specific location. It is a lone- standing sign.
UBBL SECTION 172 Story exits and access to such exits shall be marked by
readily visible signs and shall not be obscured by any decorations, furnishings or other
equipment A sign reading KELUAR with an arrow indicating the direction shall be
placed in every location where the direction of travel to reach the nearest exit is not
immediately apparent. Every exit sign shall have the work KELUAR in plainly legible
letters not less than 150mm high with the principal strokes of the letters not less than
18mm wide. The lettering shall be in red against a black background. All exit signs shall
be illuminated continuously during periods of occupancy.
2.5.3 Fire Emergency Staircase
Figure 2.26 Image of a Fire Emergency Staircase
Fire escape staircase was important as it was a pathway that leads the user or the
occupant of the building to a safer area or an assembly point whenever there is an
emergency event happening in the building.

UBBL SECTION 168
The required width of a staircase shall be maintained throughout its length including
at landings.
Except as provided for in by law 194 every upper floor shall have means of access via
at least two separate staircases.
The required width of staircase shall be clear width between walls but handrails may
be permitted to encroach on this width to maximum of 7.5 millimeters.
Tiles on staircases riser maximum 180 mm and thread minimum 255mm. UBBL
SECTION 169 No exit route may reduce in width along its path of travel from story exit
to the final exit. UBBL SECTION 178 In buildings classified as institutional or places
of assembly, exits to a streets or large open space, together with staircases, corridors
and passages leading to such exits shall be located, separated or protected as to avoid
any undue danger to the occupants of the place.

2.5.4 Separation of Fire Risk Area
UBBL SECTION 139, The following area uses shall be separated from the other
areas of the occupancy in which they are located by fire resisting construction of
elements of structure of a FRP to be determined by local authority based on the degree
of hazard:
Boiler rooms and associated duels storage area
Laundries
Repairs shops involving hazardous processes and materials
Storage area of materials in quantities deemed hazardous
Liquefied petroleum gas storage areas
Linen rooms
Transformer rooms and substations
Flammable liquid stores According the laws, all fire risk area should be allocated
evenly and separately when architect design and doing spatial planning for the building
to reduce the fire to expand from one point to another point rapidly. From our site visit
in KLPAC, spatial planning that was done there was nicely done because according to
the ground floor plan, electrical room, mechanical room studios and stages are evenly
distributed in ground floor, basement. With this location distribution, the risk of fire area
is greatly reduced as they are far apart from each others which buys more time for the
user and occupants to escape when fire occurred, it also allows to reduce damage that
will be happen on the building too.
2.5.5 Smoke Curtains
UBBL SECTION 161
(1) Any firestop required by the provision of this part shall be so formed and positioned
as to prevent or retard the passage of flame. Smoke curtain is a fabric that made of
incombustible material which is to prevent fire and smoke spreading rapidly. Smoke
curtains were found in KLPAC building and they are installed on top of the entrance
and windows of the mechanical room and electrical systems rooms such as
transformer
room as these are the room for emergency purpose and to detect and to ensure the
room are free of fire and smoke. During the event of fire, smoke curtain will be
automatically dropped down to form a barrier to prevent the fire and smoke to spread
further easily.
2.5.6 Fire Wall
A fire wall is a fire resistant barrier that is designed to prevent the spread of fire in a
certain period of time. The materials not only act as a wall that separates spaces but
also separate those high fire risk areas (transformer room, electrical room and
mechanical room).
It is designed to provide the user more time to escape when a fire happens in the
building. It buys sufficient time for the occupant and the users to escape.
UBBL SECTION 138 (C)
Any wall or floor separating part of a building from any other part of the same building,
which is used or intended to be used mainly for a purpose failing within a different
purpose group as, set out in the Fifth Schedule to these by laws. UBBL SECTION
148 (6)
Any compartment walls or compartment floor which is required by these By-Laws to

have FRP of one hour or more shall be constructed wholly of non-combustible
materials and apart from any ceiling, the required FRP of wall or floor shall be obtained
without assistance from any non-combustible materials.

2.6 CONCLUSION
Through observation and research, Kuala Lumpur Performing Art Center (KLPAC)
shows that it has an effective and efficient fire protection system that has been
strategically planned out and utilized through the building plans.
The centre obeys the Universal Building By- Law following strict detail for maximum
protection of the users or occupants, and is built and installed with minimum occupant
disturbances.
KLPAC conforms to any updates, structures and systems by the BOMBA. In

conclusion, KLPAC is an outstanding example of a logical and well-planned fire
protection case studied by us as students to be exposed as well as have further
understanding and knowledge.

3.
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
3.0 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
3.1 INTRODUCTION
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) is a mechanical technology of indoor

and vehicular thermal comfort. It ensures maintenance of thermal comfort and
preferable indoor air quality. This is achieved by moderating the temperature and
humidity levels to more comfortable conditions before the distribution of the air to a
particular space. By doing so, it ensures a safe-working, healthy and productive
environment. Malaysia, being a tropical climate does not accommodate the heating
systems, as its temperature range is between 23-32 degrees.
This report provides an in-depth analysis of the Kuala Lumpur Performing Arts Center
HVAC System. In accordance with the findings, rules and standards set by the
Malaysian Standard (MS 1525) and Uniform Building By-Laws (UBBL) shall be
observed so as to ensure that the HVAC System provides comfortable living conditions.

3.2.1 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
Air Conditioning is the moderation of temperature, humidity, air cleanliness and

movement of air in a certain space in order to achieve thermal comfort. In Malaysia, a
building achieves thermal comfort if the filtered supply of air ranges between 22-27
degrees and with a relative humidity ranging between 55-70%.
Air conditioning works by removing heat from the air indoors and releasing the heat into
the outdoor air. Two cycles are involved in the process of air conditioning i.e. the
refrigerant cycle and the air cycle. Refrigerant cycle functions by transferring air
through an evaporator and removing it outside through a condenser. Air cycle
distributes treated air into a space that needs to be air-conditioned.
Figure 3.1 Refrigerant cycle of an air conditioner Figure 3.2 Air cycle of an air conditioner

There are 4 types of Air conditioning systems:
1. Split unit air conditioning
Comprise an indoor unit and an outdoor unit. Warm air is carried and cooled into the
filter and evaporator by blower and the heat is removed through a compressor/
condenser covered with aluminum fins.
2. Room air conditioning (window unit)
Simplest air conditioning system whereby its installed at window openings or on the
wall thereby cooling the space when the fan blows over the evaporator. The condenser
ensures heat is transferred from the inside to outside.
3. Packaged unit air conditioning
It is a ductless system, mostly found in large-scale buildings. Separated into a

condensing unit located in the interior and an evaporative unit on the exterior.
4. Centralized/ plant air conditioning
Contains a central plant, water system and air system. The supply and return pipes are
used to spread cool air from the air conditioner to the building. A chiller generates
chilled water from the base location, allocating it to the air-handling units or fan coil
units.

3.3 CASE STUDY
Kuala Lumpur Performing Arts Center is designed as a large multiple-spaced area with
different facilities that accommodate the many functions of the spaces. A centralized air
conditioning system has been installed so as to ensure a comfortable temperature and
environment for all the people in the rooms. The system uses chilled water as the
cooling medium, and extensive ductwork to allocate air to Air-handling units (AHU) or
fan-coil units (FCU) in the building. The AHU and FCU systems are dependent on the
different sizes of the spaces in the building. AHU is more preferable for bigger spaces,
as it is a compound system that channels air through ducts. FCU, on the other hand, is
more suitable for the smaller spaces at KLPAC.
KLPAC building has 5 AHUs and several FCUs. Four of the AHUs have been fitted in
the main performance theatres, so as to cater for the larger group of performers and
audience. The remaining one AHU is at the secondary theatre. The FCUs have been
installed in the offices, studios, lobby area and cafeteria.
Air-cooled chiller system is used in the building because it allows for absorption of heat
from the indoor spaces and discarding it to the surrounding. The air is therefore cooled
through the refrigerant cycle before circulation to the AHU and FCU.

Figure 3.3 Diagram showing the Air Conditioning System at KLPAC

3.4 CENTRALIZED AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM
Air-conditioning systems can be categorized as either centralized or decentralized.

Centralized air conditioning serves multiple spaces in a building from a central point.
The chiller generates chilled water from the base location, and allocated it to the Air
handling units and Fan coil units. The system is mostly used in large-scale buildings
3.5 COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM
3.5.1 Air Handling Unit (AHU)
Air Handling Unit is a large metal box, usually connected to a ductwork ventilation
system that allows distribution of conditioned air through the building and recycles back
some of the air to the AHU. It comprises several components with their specific
functions. To ensure compactness and protection from external forces and pressure,
the AHU are enclosed in rooms specifically designed for AHU only.
Figure 3.4 Image showing Air Handling Unit Figure 3.5 Location of AHU at ground floor
KLPAC

Analysis:
The AHU at the KLPAC observes the requirements of the MS 1525. It is located at
the rear end of the building; hence the person in charge can easily regulate the
energy of any of the spaces in the building.
According to MS 1525, Code 8.4.2.1, control setback and shut off states that each
system should be equipped with a readily accessible means of shutting off or
reducing the energy used during periods of non-use or alternate uses of the building
spaces or zones served by the system.
Figure 3.6 Illustration of the AHU components

3.5.1.1 Air Filter in Air Handling Unit
Air Filter is placed first so as to filter off dust and dirt particles in the incoming air from
the supply and return air duct and from the outside air. Its core function is to ensure the
air is clean and dust free for the users.
Figure 3.7 Image of an Air Filter
3.5.1.2 Blower/ Centrifugal Fan in Air Handling Unit
A direct-driven or belt-driven centrifugal fan is commonly used in AHU, depending on

the required air quantity and pressure. The centrifugal fan function is to propel air for
distribution. The AHU comprises two fans; the fan that blows air into the cooling coil,
and the supply fan that blows air into the supply duct.
Figure 3.8 Image of a Centrifugal fan

3.5.1.3 Heating and Cooling Coils in Air Handling Unit
Heating and cooling coils allows for moderation of temperature and humidity levels
depending on the location and application. Heating coils are made of copper tubes;
with copper/ aluminum tubes to facilitate heat transfer. Cooling coil on the other hand
is attached to the chilled water pipe linked from the chiller plant through a blue pipe in
order to remove heat and cool down the air.
Figure 3.9 Image of a Heating and Cooling Coil
3.5.1.4 Vibrator Insulators in Air Handling Unit
The blowers/ fan in an air handler may create vibrations and the large surface area of
duct system would transmit the vibration and noise to the building occupants. In order
to get rid of the noise, vibrator insulators are installed immediately before or after the
air handlers. They are made of rubberized- canvas-like material, which helps to
facilitate its insulation function.
3.5.1.5 Dampers in Air Handling Unit
Dampers control the ratio of fresh air to recycled air, and exhausting part of the
recycled air. When the air sensor detects 500pm CO2 in the return air, the system
automatically activates and the damper opens and intakes fresh air from the outside.

3.5.2 FAN-COIL UNIT (FCU)
A fan coil unit (FCU) is a simple device consisting of a heating and/or cooling heat coil
and fan. It can be found in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings in which
connection to ductwork are not necessary. It serves to recirculate internal air and can
held its function for any building. Fan coil units are reasonably compact and
straightforward to install. However, regular maintenance is required to ensure
continued efficient operation. The fan coil unit found in the KLPAC, are mostly used in
their studios, cafeteria and offices.
Figure 3.10 Photo of the fan-coil unit
Analysis:
The control panels can be found in the presence of the FCU. Installation was done to
reduce energy during the time where the space is not in used. The air conditioning and
mechanical ventilation system in KLPAC was installed to attain the requirements stated
by Malaysian Standard Code of Practice on Energy Efficiency and Use of Renewable
Energy (MS1525).

3.5.3 DUCTWORK
Ductwork in an air-condition system is typically connected to the AHU. The purpose of

the air duct system is to bring the warm or cold air of the designated space within the
building back to the AHU through the return air ducts. This needed to be cooled or
heated to effectively transfer the air through the spaces. These return and supply ducts
are advisable for appropriate conditioning occupied space.
Figure 3.11 Photo of the ductwork
Analysis:
The KLPAC ducting system is well insulated and has been installed to prevent
excessive energy loss as required in the Malaysian Standard Code of Practice on
Energy Efficiency and Use of Renewable Energy (MS1525).

3.6.1 AIR COOLED CHILLED WATER SYSTEM
Air cooled chillers is a refrigerant system that absorbs heat from process water, and the
heat is then transferred to the air around the chiller unit. Within this system contains an
evaporator, condenser, compressor, and an expansion valve in which are assembled in
a mechanical framework known as the chiller package. The chiller package will then be
connected to the piping systems thus serving as a central air conditioning plant. With
this system, heat transferred through the evaporator and removed to the outside air
through a condenser. This system is often used for larger scale building due to its
capability of serving energy more efficiently.
Figure 3.12 Photo of the air cooled chilled water system outside
Analysis:
KLPAC requires 2 air-cooled chiller in order to provide sufficient cooling capacity for
maximum space. Both of which is installed in the rear side of the building to avoid
excessive noise production that may interfere the users as well as accessibility
blockage. These manually adjusted chillers are connected to the AHU to circulate the
chilled water. Only one of which is used during buildings operating hours except for
instances that requires high cooling load or emergency occurrences. This reduces the
energy consumption and level with the requirement stated in the Malaysian Standard
Code of Practice on Energy Efficiency and Use of Renewable Energy (MS1525).
Process:
The cycle begins with the evaporator, where a liquid refrigerant flows over the
evaporator tube bundle and evaporates. Adjacent to that, heat is absorbed from the
chilled water circulation. The compressor then pulls the refrigerant vapor from the
evaporator and pump it to the condenser, which increases temperature and pressure.
Condensation happens as the refrigerant passes through the condenser tubes thus
releasing its internal heat to the air or cooling water. The cycle continues as the
high-pressure liquid moves through the expansion device and into the evaporator.
Here, the refrigerant pressure is reduced along with the temperature. The refrigerant
will then course back over the chilled water coils and absorbs more heat completing the
continuous cycle.
3.6.2 COMPONENTS OF AIR- COOLED SYSTEM
3.6.2.1 EVAPORATOR
The evaporator function as a heat absorber provided with a heat absorbing surface.
Inside the refrigerant are coils of pipes used for vaporizing and absorbing heat from
surrounding to produce cooled air.
3.6.2.2 COMPRESSOR
Acts to compress the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator as well as pumping the
refrigerant throughout the system. This causes it to become very warm reaching over
90C. These vapors will then enter the compressor through the suction valve and fills
the cylinder.
3.6.2.3 CONDENSERS
The condenser discard the heat absorbed by the evaporator. At this stage, changing
state of vapor to a liquid occurs. When this occurs, a great amount of heat will be
rejected.

3.6.2.4 EXPANSION VALVE
A valve or small fixed-size tubing or opening that remove high pressure of the liquid
refrigerant. The valve is able to control the amount of refrigerant that flows into the
evaporator. Overheating is to be avoided at the outlet of evaporator.
3.6.2.5 CHILLED WATER PUMP
Figure 3.13 Photo of chilled water pump
Chilled water is pumped to every air-handling unit using the pump machine. Excessive
warm water will return back to the chiller.
3.6.2.6 PIPING SYSTEM
FIgure 3.14 Photo of the piping system
Pipes from the air-cooled chiller connects to the cooling coil in air-handling unit. Two
types of pipes were divided in the system. One of which is the chiller water supply pipe
(CHWs), transfer the cool water from the chiller to the AHU and exerting cooled air at
the same time as it passes through the pipes. Second division of pipe is the chilled
water return pipe (CHWR), returning the warm water from AHU to the chiller.
Analysis:
By installing the piping insulation with additional barriers to the system, energy loss is
reduced and condensation due to uncertainties prevented. With that said, the piping
system of centralized chilled water air conditioning system in KLPAC meets the
requirements of the Malaysian Standard Code of Practice on Energy Efficiency and
Use of Renewable Energy (MS1525).

3.7 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the KLPAC is a well-equipped building with installation of air conditioning

system that attains the requirements and regulations of the Uniform Building by Law
(UBBL). Despite not being a larger scale building, equipment is able to supply users of
the KLPAC with favorable level of comfort. Bigger units such as the centralized air-
condition is located at the back side of the building to reduce sound pollution allowing
for a hospitable and relaxed visit and or stay.

4.
MECHANICAL VENTILATION
SYSTEM
4.0 MECHANICAL VENTILATION
SYSTEM
4.1 INTRODUCTION
Mechanical ventilation system is a procedure whereby it trades air inside an enclosed

space. The indoor air is pulled back and supplanted by outside air consistently which is
provided by clean outside sources. By contrasting this with the characteristic
ventilation, it is generally less demanding to control or, on the other hand change. The
primary target of introducing this framework is to keep up warm solace and achieving a
more fulfilled air quality. All through the way toward changing the properties of air, by
controlling the level of temperature and dampness into an institutionalized condition
inside an aerated and cooled space keeping in mind the end goal to give an agreeable
space. Fans, channels, blowers and conduits are the segments that are utilized for
transporting and expelling air from a space. All kind of these can be found in kitchen,
restroom or working room which require exhaust fans.
In this part, mechanical ventilation system in the KLPAC is reported and recorded
alongside exploration and examination. The goal of this part is to demonstrate the
comprehension of mechanical ventilation system utilized as a part of the working to
control natural air and keep up warm solace in the indoor spaces. The findings and
analysis are to conclude whether the mechanical ventilation system of the building
meets the requirement of the building by law.

Ventilation is the procedure which is required to trade the stale air with outside air from
outer ceaselessly inside an enclosed space so as to keep up a superior indoor air
quality inside a building. It can be accomplished by the mechanical ventilation so
outside air is very much ventilated inside the building while stale air can be pulled back.
The case of stale air are indoor pollutants, carbon dioxide, dampness, smell, and
airborne substances. It is additionally helping in coursing the air around and all through
the building. In addition, it is less demanding to control because the comfort level can
be altered into certain levels of fulfillment through filtration, dehumidification and also
conditioning of approaching open air. Proper mechanical ventilation is significant to
install as:
(a) It preserves oxygen(O2) content while removing carbon dioxide(CO2)
(b) It prevents heat concentrations from machinery, lighting and people
(c) It reduces excess condensation
(d) Growth of bacteria is controlled and prevented
(e) Contaminants such as smoke, dust, gases and body odours is diluted and removed
(f) Consistent freshness is provided
(g) It is a good alternative in case of unreliable natural ventilation systems
There are three types of mechanical ventilation systems: exhaust-only, supply-only,

and balanced. A combination of fans, ducting, dampers and controls are used in each
of the systems which have their own pros and cons and costs. Exhaust-Only
Ventilation tends to consist of a fan which exhausts indoor air whereas the outdoor air
is drawn into the building through the leaks. Supply-Only Ventilation consists of a fan
drawing outdoor air into the building and indoor air escapes from the exhaust fan ducts
through the building enclosure. Supply-only can be a dedicated system, or more
commonly a central-fan integrated (CFI) system. With a CFI system, outdoor air is
ducted to the return plenum of an HVAC air handler that draws in and distributes the
outdoor air. Lastly, Balanced Ventilation systems are a combination of exhaust and
supply methods roughly providing equal indoor exhaust and outdoor supply air flows
(e.g. an exhaust fan combined with a supply fan or passive inlet vents).

A balanced system could include a heat recovery ventilator (HRV) or an energy
recovery ventilator (ERV).
Figure 4.1 Exhaust-Only Ventilation
Figure 4.2 Supply-Only Ventilation
Figure 4.3 Balanced Ventilation

4.3 CASE STUDY
Regarding to the analysis on KLPAC, several components had been found for building
up the system. Supply Air Diffusers, Return Air Grille, and Fire Exhaust Fan. The
supply and exhaust grilles behind the ceiling are used as the method for cooling down
the temperature within the building as to achieve thermal comfort since there was not
much passive design found for natural ventilation. The low air quality within the building
is due to less openings for passive ventilation which then led to the dependence on
mechanical ventilation. The whole system is being well planned to adjust the indoor
temperature. However, this situation has brought to a higher maintenance cost for the
building due to its tropical climatic issues.

4.4 COMPONENTS OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION
4.4.1 SUPPLY AIR DIFFUSERS/GRILLE
Diffusers are defined as air terminal devices that distribute conditioned air in various
directions through the use of its deflecting vanes. It is designed to promote the mixing
of conditioned air with the air already in the space. It is important to properly mix the
conditioned air into the space, in order to provide cooling/heating and to distribute fresh
air to the entire space and to avoid stagnant air in the space. However, not all types of
diffusers have the same performance in mixing the conditioned air in the space.
Fig 4.6 Air Diffuser on the ceiling in

lobby
Fig 4.4 Air diffuser at the lobby
Fig 4.7 Air Grille in Auditorium KLPAC
Fig 4.5 Air Grille behind seating in KLPAC

ANALYSIS
At least 2-3 connected vertical supply air diffusers had been found at the main lobby.
Different types of air diffusers can be found in a range from cost efficient type to
complex and efficient air distributors regarding to the requirements. It is a contemporary
design comparing to the typical supply air diffuser while still work as its origin function.
They are located at the edge of the ductwork where the air can pass through it to the
interior part of the building. The system does not require any power generation and it
somehow created low-velocity air movement in occupied rooms with just a little amount
of noise.
The air within the building is well regulated even though then there is no much natural
ventilation across the building. Air diffusers found were assigned to different spaces
according to the requirements. The one installed at the main lobby is more abstract and
is installed 6 meters above the lobby and all of them consists of openings to reduce the
plum effect, allowing air entering to distribute through eventually. It enhances the
airflow and help to achieve thermal comfort
UBBL Section 41- Mechanical Ventilation & Air-Conditioning
Windows and opening allowing uninterrupted air passage is not necessary if the rooms
are equipped with mechanical ventilation or air-conditional.
Fig 4.8 Air diffusers concealed by ceiling
According to the research conducted, there were either circular or rectangular air
diffusers and were concealed by the ceiling. The air supply is so well-distributed
throughout the entire building due to the well-planned location of these air diffusers.

Fig 4.9 Plan drawing of air diffusers connected through ductwork
Fig 4.10 Section drawing of seating area showing air distribution through
air grille in the auditorium at KLPAC
In the main performing stage, supply air grilles were installed behind the seats to
evenly distribute air inside the large area.

4.4.2 RETURN/EXHAUST AIR GRILLE
Fig 4.11 Return air grilles in KLPAC located in lobby and pump room
Return air grille or functions to carry air back to designated AHU rooms. It is covered
with grillwork to cover the duct behind it and avoid big objects from entering the duct
and damaging the AHU. Filters are installed behind the grille to trap pollutant or dust to
reduce maintenance cost. In KLPac, the air grilles are mounted on top parts of walls.
In addition, they also function like a pump; in KLPac, it is installed in warm spaces
containing equipment that generates heat such as the fire pump room and the lift
control room. These air grilles or fan are placed under timer to suck out warm air every
couple of hours to prevent overheating.
Fig 4.12 Plan of exhaust air grille used in the public

toilet at KLPAC

Fig 4.13 Exhaust fan located in lift
control room
According to MS 1525 code 8.4.5, Mechanical ventilation control
Each mechanical ventilation system (supply and/or exhaust) should be equipped with
a readily accessible switch or other means for shut-down or volume reduction when
ventilation is not required. Examples of such devices would include timer switch control,
thermostat control, duty cycle programming and CO/CO2 sensor control.
Fig 4.14 Detailed drawing of Exhaust ventilation system in KLPAC

4.4.3 FIRE EXHAUST FAN
Fig 4.15 Fire exhaust fan located outside KLPAC
In KLPac, fire protection is important as it is a public building with a constant dense

number of users especially during practice or performance hours. At the main
performing stage, automatic fire exhaust vents are installed that will detect and open to
release heat, smoke and gas in case of fire emergency. Exhaust fans connecting to
smoke exhaust ductwork are used to remove smoke from buildings to enable
emergency evacuation.
The fundamental idea of the fire ventilation is to change the pressure conditions
prevailing when the building is in a burning condition with a direction and opening to
release the fire gases, cut down the harmful substances like the poison gases inside
the building. However, the materials of the exhaust must be fireproof and durable to
resist fire. The arranged which separated these vents from the building is to efficiently
suck out the gas and smoke from the building.

4.5 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, it is necessary to install mechanical ventilation when passive design

doesnt run through the building. It is difficult to withdraw the heat from the building
toward outside naturally. So, mechanical ventilation has to be installed accordingly to
improve the air circulation which accesses through the entire building.
Although the installation may increase the maintenance cost and the building cost of
the building, it is the only solution to cool down the spaces within itself while helping to
achieve user thermal comfort, which plays an important role and cannot be
compromised. The mechanical ventilation is also used to compensate and improve the
air quality within the entirely sealed space.
Moreover, KLPAC is doing well in scheduling the ventilation system. The components
are well installed in the appropriate way and also well located to allow it work at its
max potential.

5.
MECHANICAL
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
5.0 MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEM
5.1 INTRODUCTION
Mechanical transport systems have become a

necessity in all high rise buildings in Malaysia and
also all around the world. This research discusses
about the mechanical transportation system used in
KLPAC. The research concludes with an analysis and
recommendations for improvements to mechanical
transportation systems at KLPAC.
In KLPAC, Dover brand elevators were used. Dover

Elevators Sdn Bhd has the aim of supplying, installing
and maintaining high quality elevators to ever
increase to the ever increasing demand of high rise
buildings of various usage. Dover Elevators Sdn Bhd
was set up in 1994 under the name of internet
Engineering Sdn Bhd to be the sole distributor of
dover brand of elevators and escalators in malaysia.
Figure 5.1 lift in KLPAC
Dover Elevator Sdn Bhd had been very flexible and foward looking to allow the highly
sophisticated controller and traction machine of proprietary designs, to be manufactured
in Malaysia, South Korea and china to make the products more cost effective in order to
remain competitive in the market, It has to be reiterated that the aforementioned products
are of highest quality standards bearing the brand name of Dover.

Mechanical transportation in a building are advanced vertical and horizontal

transportation tools for humans to move between one floor and another. It helps to
save energy and also lots of energy that can be used for other task. Increasing the
productivity of mankind.
In a building with more than four storeys, a mechanical transportation system should be
implemented with the introduction of a elevator. An elevator is a mechanical transport
system that effectively moves one from one floor to another, vertically. Elevators
provide the most convenient mode of transportation and is also disabled friendly
allowing the disable and also the elderly to move from one floor to another peacefully
without any harm.
Elevators are generally powered by electric motors that either drive traction cables or
counterweight systems like a hoist, or pump hydraulic fluid to raise a cylindrical piston
like a jack.
Elevators are a lifting machine having a platform for the direction of movement which is
restricted by a guide or guides. Where else, a service elevators is a elevator having a
rated load of not more than 250kg and a car in which the area of the floor is not more
than 1 m2 and the height of which is not more than 1.2m.
Different types of elevators have different function and must be choose carefully before
installing to achieve efficiency, For a better quality of performance, lift lobby and interior
of the elevator platform can be designed to improve users satisfaction. Besides that,
factors such as the smoothness of ride, degree of noise and accuracy of floor leveling
also affects the quality of ride.
In KLPAC, there is only one type of mechanical transportation system found which is
the elevator.

5.3 TYPES OF ELEVATORS
There are two main types of elevators that are commonly used in buildings nowadays.
1) Electric elevator
1.1) Traction with machine room
1.2) Machine-Room-Less (MRL) traction
2) Hydraulic elevator
Traction elevators are the most common type of elevators. Elevator cars are pulled up
by means of rolling steel ropes over a deeply grooved pulley, commonly called a
sheave in the industry. The weight of the car is balanced by a counterweight since
1900. Geared traction elevators have a gearbox that is attached to the motor, which
drives the wheel that moves the ropes, Where else, gearless traction elevators have
the wheel attached directly to the motor.
Machine-Room-Less (MRL) elevators are traction elevators that do not have a

dedicated machine room above the elevator shaft. The machine sits in the override
space and is accessed from the top of the elevator cab when the maintenance or
repairs are required, The control boxes are located in a control room that is adjacent to
the elevator shaft on the highest landing within around 150 feet of the machine. MRT
elevators have relatively low energy consumption compared to geared elevators.
Hydraulic elevators are supported by a piston at the bottom of the elevator that pushes
the elevator up as electric motor forces hydraulic fluid into the piston. The machine
room is located at the lowest level adjacent to the elevator shaft and this hydraulic
elevator is suitable for good lifting, disabled people and the elderly.

5.4 CASE STUDY
5.4.1 DRAWINGS
Figure 5.2 : All the elevators found at KLPAC
KLPAC fulfills the terms of maximum walking distance of 45m to the elevator
lobby. The stairs are also placed nearby the elevators in case of emergency.

Figure 5.3: Cross section of the hallway for the elevator in KLPAC consisting some of the elevators
components

Figure 5.4 : Position of Elevator Room Machine

5.4.2 ELEVATOR COMPONENTS
Figure 5.5 :Parts and Components of a Geared Elevator System
Electrical elevator systems are used as the mechanical transportation system in

KLPAC. The type of lift used is a geared traction elevator where the cars of the elevator
are all computerised as well as being controlled by a control system which is located at
the rooftop. It operates by having the control system receive a signal and the cars are
pulled up by hoisting a rope over the sheave which is powered by gear machines.
Meanwhile, the car is balanced by a counterweight. Lastly,an electrically controlled
brake is installed between the motor and the reduction unit halts the elevator, holding
the car in place at the desired floor level.

Two Panel Center
Opening Car Door
Floor Indicator
Lift Call Button
Figure 5.6 : KLPAC Passenger Lift
Type : Passenger Elevator
Model: Sgt 8-CO60-3
Capacity: 545 kg / 8 People
Speed: 60 MPM
Car Door: Two Panel Center Opening

5.4.3 : Geared Machine
Figure 5.7: KLPAC Geared Machine situated in the machine room at tits rooftop
A geared- traction machine is powered by an AC-DC motor. Its purpose is to

turn the sheave which in turn moves the lift car. It consumes less energy to turn the
motor compared to a gearless traction machine. This helps save energy costs.
However, the gear-traction elevator is only suitable for low to mid-rise structures
such as KLPAC plus the speed is lower compared to a gearless machine which
ranges from around 200-500 feet per minute. The gear machine found in KLPAC is
maintained monthly by people from the elevator company (Dover).

5.4.4 : Control System
Figure 5.8 : How the elevator system works in KLPAC

Figure 5.9: Control Sytem Panel found in Machine Room in KLPAC
The Elevator Control Panel is a device usually found in the machine room
located at the top of a structure. It serves as a brain to the elevator system by
receiving signals from the user or operator and forwards it to different components
of the elevator. Not only that, but it is also the system responsible for the
coordination of all aspects of the elevator service such as travel, speed,
acceleration and deceleration, levelling, door opening speed and hall lantern
signals. In the event, the elevator breaks down or malfunctions, only a certified
person can repair the control system.

5.4.5 : Overload and Service Indicator
Overload indicator
When the load in the elevator is exceeding the contract load, the overload
indicator will illuminate and the buzzer will sound.
During overload operations, the elevator will be removed from normal service
with its doors remaining open until the load in the elevator is less than the
contract load.
Fire Service Indicator
During a fire emergency operation, the fire service indicator will illuminate as well
as the buzzer emanating a ring.
During a fire emergency operation, the elevator will home in to the main/ground
floor and remain there with its doors open.
During a fire breakout, users are recommended not to use or operate the elevator and
should always use the stairwells to get to a better and safer place. Under no
circumstances, should anyone use the elevator unless they are a trained firefighter
after a fire has been reported.
Fire service is automatically initiated by the buildings smoke detectors. When it has
been initiated all services and car calls are immediately aborted and the elevator
returns to the main floor with its doors remaining ajar. Trained firefighters may then
activate the Fire Service Key switch in the elevator and regain control of the car.

5.5 ANALYSIS
1. KLPAC has met the requirements of UBBL to position stairs nearby the elevators
in case of an emergency and installing smoke detectors at every lift lobby in the
building
UBBL 1984 section 152-157, ventilation to elevator shafts:
152(1) - every opening in an elevator shaft or elevator entrance shall open into a
protected lobby unless other suitable means of protection to the opening to the
satisfaction of the local authority is provided. These requirements shall not apply to
open type industrial and other special buildings as may be approved by D.G.F.S
153(1) - All elevator lobbies shall be provided with smoke detectors.
2. For mid-rise building, KLPAC has successfully provided three elevators to the
requirement stated by UBBL 1984 section 124, elevators:
124 - For all non residential buildings exceeding four storeys above or below the main
access level at least one elevator shaft to be provided.
3. KLPAC has also met the requirements of UBBL to make sure the car moves to
ground floor with doors open when emergency happens.
154(1) - On failure of mains power all elevators shall return in sequence directly to the
designated floor, commencing with the fire elevators, without answering any car or
landing calls and park with doors open.

5.6 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the choice of geared traction elevator system best suits the medium rise
building, KLPAC. Due to its volume of occupants, lower installation cost, number of
floors and low maintenance cost. All of its mechanical transportation bring convenience
to the users and the building also complies with the UBBL and its functioning perfectly
well.

6.
REFERENCES
6.0 REFERENCES
About klpac. (n.d.). Retrieved October 10, 2017, from http://www.klpac.org/about-klpac/
Uniform Building By-Law 1984 (UBBL)
Malaysian Standard Requirements (MS 1525)
Air Handling Unit. (n.d.). Retrieved October 10, 2017, from

http://www.airconditioning-systems.com/air-handling-unit.html
Centralized Vs Decentralized Air-conditioning Systems (n.d). Retrieved October 10,

2017, from, http://www.seedengr.com/Cent%20Vs%20Decent%20AC%20Systems.pdf
How Air Conditioners Work. (2011, June 28). Retrieved October 10, 2017, from
http://home.howstuffworks.com/ac4.htm
Air-cooled Chillers. (n.d). Retrieved October 10, 2017, from

http://dms.hvacpartners.com/docs/1001/Public/06/TDP_796-054_PREVIEW.pdf
Team, C. B. (2016, March 3). Different Types Of Mechanical Ventilation Best Suited
For You And Your Home. Retrieved October 10, 2017, from
http://www.cleanalert.com/blog/different-types-of-mechanical-ventilation-best-suited-for-
you-and-your-home
Engineering Pro Guides. (n.d.). Retrieved October 10, 2017, from

http://engproguides.com/diffusers.html
http://rehdainstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/12.-Slides-3-Ir-Wong-See-Foong.
pdf

Steve Kerber, J. C. (2012, January 2). Smoke Management in High-Rise Structures -
Fire Engineering. Retrieved October 10, 2017, from
http://www.fireengineering.com/articles/print/volume-165/issue-2/features/smoke-mana
gement-in-high-rise-structures.html
Elevators Types and Classification - Part One. (n.d.). Retrieved October 11, 2017, from
http://www.electrical-knowhow.com/2012/04/elevators-types-and-classification-part.htm
l
Active/ Passive Fire Protection. (n.d.). Retrieved October 13, 2017, from
http://www.hse.gov.uk/comah/sragtech/techmeasfire.htm
Basic Fire Door Requirements (n.d) Retrieved October 13, 2017, from
https://www.steeldoor.org/res/118.pdf
Fire Extinguisher. (n.d.). Retrieved October 13, 2017, from

http://www.supremexfireextinguisher.com/fireextinguisher.html
Fire Hydrant System (n.d). Retrieved October 13, 2017, from

https://www.indiamart.com/pona-corporation/fire-hydrant-system.html

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SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN

BUILDING SERVICES (BLD 60903 / ARC 2423)

PROJECT 1: CASE STUDY OF BUILDING SERVICES IN

BUILDING SERVICES SYSTEMS FOR

Muhammad Faidh Bin Mohamad Nawawi 0323712

TUTOR: MR. AZIM SULAIMAN

PROJECT 1: CASE STUDY OF BUILDING SERVICES IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS

1. INTRODUCTION OF KUALA LUMPUR PERFORMING ARTS CENTRE

2. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM (ACTIVE & PASSIVE)

2.2 Literature Review

2.3 Case Study

2.4 Active Fire Protection

2.4.1 Heat Detector

2.4.2 Call Point

2.4.3 Fire Alarm Bell

2.4.4 Central Command Center

2.4.5 Fire Hydrant

2.4.6 Wet Riser and Hose Reel System

2.4.7 Sprinkler System

2.4.8 Carbon Dioxides (CO2) Suppression System

2.4.9 Fire Extinguisher

PROJECT 1: CASE STUDY OF BUILDING SERVICES IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS 2

2.5.1 Fire Rated Door

2.5.2 Emergency Exit Signage

2.5.3 Fire Emergency staircase

2.5.4 Separation of Fire Risk Area

2.5.5 Smoke Curtain

2.5.6 Fire Wall

3. AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

3.2 Literature Review

3.3 Case Study

3.4 Centralized Air Conditioning System

3.5 Components of System

3.5.1 Air Handling Unit

3.5.1.1 Air Filter in AHU

3.5.1.2 Blow/ Centrifugal Fan in AHU

3.5.1.3 Heating and Cooling coils in AHU

3.5.1.4 Vibrator Insulators in AHU

3.5.1.5 Dampers in AHU

PROJECT 1: CASE STUDY OF BUILDING SERVICES IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS 3

3.6 Air-cooled Chilled Water System

3.6.1 Air-cooled chiller

3.6.2 Components of Air-chilled cooler system

3.6.2.4 Expansion Valve

3.6.2.5 Chilled Water Pipe

3.6.2.6 Piping System

4. MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM

4.2 Literature Review

4.3 Case Study

4.4 Components of Mechanical Ventilation System

4.4.1 Supply Air Diffusers/Grille

4.4.2 Return/Exhaust Air Grille

4.4.3 Fire Exhaust Fan

PROJECT 1: CASE STUDY OF BUILDING SERVICES IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS 4

5.2 Literature review

5.3 Types of elevators

5.4 Case Study

5.4.2 Elevator Components

5.4.3 Geared Machine

5.4.4 Control System

5.4.5 Over Load and Fire Service Indicator

PROJECT 1: CASE STUDY OF BUILDING SERVICES IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS 5

PROJECT 1: CASE STUDY OF BUILDING SERVICES IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS 6